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Journal articles on the topic 'Flavour Universality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

de Simone, P. "Experimental Review on Lepton Universality and Lepton Flavour Violation tests in B decays." EPJ Web of Conferences 234 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023401004.

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Tests of lepton flavour universality in B decays offer an excellent opportunity to test the Standard Model, and show hints of new physics in analyses performed by the LHCb, Belle and BaBar experiments. Several theoretical models proposed to explain possible violation of lepton flavour universality claim a connection with lepton flavour violation in B decays. These proceedings review the experimental status of the tests of lepton flavour universality and the searches of lepton flavour violation in B decays.

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2

Di Luzio, Luca. "Flavour Violating Axions." EPJ Web of Conferences 234 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023401005.

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I review the physics case for flavour violating axions. In particular, I argue that relaxing the assumption of the universality of the Peccei-Quinn current opens up new pathways, including: the relaxation of the Supernova bound on the axion mass, a possible connection with the Standard Model flavour puzzle and the experimental opportunity of discovering the axion via flavoured axion searches.

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3

Lupato, Anna. "Tests of Lepton Flavour Universality at LHCb." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600704.

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In the Standard Model the electroweak coupling of the gauge bosons to leptons is independent of the lepton flavour. Semileptonic and rare decays of b quarks provide an ideal laboratory to test this property. Any violation of Lepton Flavour Universality would be a clear sign of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this work a review of the Lepton Flavour Universality tests performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012 at a centre of mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV is presented.

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4

Müller, Dario. "Leptoquarks in Flavour Physics." EPJ Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817901015.

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While the LHC has not directly observed any new particle so far, experimental results from LHCb, BELLE and BABAR point towards the violation of lepton flavour universality in b ⟶ sℓ+ and b ⟶ c-ℓν. In this context, also the discrepancy in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be interpreted as a sign of lepton flavour universality violation. Here we discuss how these hints for new physics can also be explained by introducing leptoquarks as an extension of the Standard Model. Indeed, leptoquarks are good candidates to explain the anomaly in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon because of an mg/mμ enhanced contribution giving correlated effects in Z boson decays which is particularly interesting in the light of future precision experiments.

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5

Müller, Katharina. "Tests of Lepton Flavour Universality at LHCb." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1271 (July 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1271/1/012009.

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6

Paradisi, Paride. "Revisiting Lepton Flavour Universality in B Decays." Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings 285-286 (April 2017): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2017.03.021.

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7

Buonaura, A. "Tests of lepton flavour universality at LHCb." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1586 (August 2020): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1586/1/012031.

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8

Vilain, P., G. Wilquet, R. Beyer, W. Flegel, H. Grote, T. Mouthuy, H. Øveras, et al. "Flavour universality of neutrino couplings with the z." Physics Letters B 320, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)90846-x.

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9

Kotov, Andrey Yu, Maria Paola Lombardo, and Anton Trunin. "Gliding Down the QCD Transition Line, from Nf = 2 till the Onset of Conformality." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101833.

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We review the hot QCD transition with varying number of flavours, from two till the onset of the conformal window. We discuss the universality class for Nf=2, along the critical line for two massless light flavours, and a third flavour whose mass serves as an interpolator between Nf=2 and Nf=3. We identify a possible scaling window for the 3D O(4) universality class transition, and its crossover to a mean field behaviour. We follow the transition from Nf=3 to larger Nf, when it remains of first order, with an increasing coupling strength; we summarise its known properties, including possible cosmological applications as a model for a strong electroweak transition. The first order transition, and its accompanying second order endpoint, finally morphs into the essential singularity at the onset of the conformal window, following the singular behaviour predicted by the functional renormalisation group.

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10

Lafferty, G. "Pentaquarks and possible anomalies at LHCb." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 20n21 (July 27, 2016): 1630032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16300325.

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With the LHC Run 1 data, the LHCb experiment discovered two pentaquark states and has evidence for a number of possible anomalies in the flavour sector. The possible anomalies include indications of violations of lepton flavour universality, deviations from Standard Model predictions in several [Formula: see text]-meson decay modes that are mediated by flavour-changing neutral currents, and further evidence for a discrepancy between inclusive and exclusive measurements of the CKM matrix element [Formula: see text].

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11

Atzeni, Michele. "Lepton flavour universality tests in B decays at LHCb." Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings 300-302 (July 2018): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2018.12.028.

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12

Niehoff, Christoph, Peter Stangl, and David M. Straub. "Violation of lepton flavour universality in composite Higgs models." Physics Letters B 747 (July 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.05.063.

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13

Goudzovski, Evgueni. "Lepton flavour universality test at the CERN NA62 experiment." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 210-211 (January 2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2010.12.066.

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14

Colangelo, Pietro, Fulvia De Fazio, and Francesco Loparco. "Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality in b → u Transitions." Particles 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles3010012.

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Anomalies recently observed in semileptonic b → c ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ and b → s ℓ + ℓ − transitions point to violation of Lepton Flavour Universality. Strategies for new analyses of different modes are required, in particular for the modes induced by the b → u transition. We describe the purely leptonic B decay, the B ¯ → π ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ channel and the B semileptonic modes to ρ ( 770 ) and a 1 ( 1260 ) in extensions of the Standard Model involving Lepton Flavour Universality violating b → u operators. In particular, we review the observables in the four-dimensional angular B ¯ → ρ ( π π ) ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ and B ¯ → a 1 ( ρ π ) ℓ − ν ¯ ℓ distributions, suitable to pin down deviations from the Standard Model. We discuss the complementarity among the various modes for New Physics searches.

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15

Oyanguren, Arantza. "B decay anomalies at LHCb." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817501004.

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The LHCb collaboration has provided a plethora of precise measurements of flavour observables in the last years. In the B meson sector some of these results show consistent deviations from Standard Model predictions with a clear tendency to specific New Physics scenarios. B decay anomalies are found in particular related to lepton flavour universality tests and angular observables in Flavour-Changing-Neutral-Current transitions. I review here the LHCb measurements and their experimental caveats. Results from Lattice are crucial in the coming years to verify if these anomalies are explained by QCD effects or if they are unambiguous hints of physics beyond the Standard Model.

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16

Lusiani, Alberto. "Lepton Universality and Lepton Flavour Violation tests at theB-factories." EPJ Web of Conferences 118 (2016): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611801018.

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17

Tolk, Siim. "Rare B Decays And Lepton Flavour Universality Tests at LHCb." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 800 (January 2017): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/800/1/012012.

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18

Lazzeroni, C., A. Romano, A. Ceccucci, H. Danielsson, V. Falaleev, L. Gatignon, S. Goy Lopez, et al. "Test of lepton flavour universality in K+→ℓ+ν decays." Physics Letters B 698, no. 2 (April 2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.02.064.

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19

Romano, A. "Lepton flavour universality and conservation tests in Kaon decays at CERN." EPJ Web of Conferences 73 (2014): 07013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20147307013.

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20

Capdevila, B. "Assessing lepton-flavour non-universality from B → K*ℓℓ angular analyses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 873 (July 2017): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/873/1/012039.

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21

Iyer, Abhishek M. "Exploring the pattern of Lepton Flavour Universality violation at hadron colliders." EPJ Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819200026.

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We discuss the B anomalies in scenario with warped extra dimensions characterized by additional neutral heavy bosons. Depending on the coupling of the fermions (leptons in particular) different scenarios for the explanation of the anomalies can be obtained. We focus on a specific case which involves contributions due to both the electron and the muon leading to a four dimensional fits in the space of Wilson coefficients. With this as a motivation, in a generic Z′ we develop correlations with direct search experiments, wherein the pattern of the Wilson coefficients can be uniquely extracted at the LHC.

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22

Tunstall, Lewis C., Andreas Crivellin, Giancarlo D’Ambrosio, and Martin Hoferichter. "Probing lepton flavour (universality) violation at NA62 and future kaon experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 800 (January 2017): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/800/1/012014.

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23

KHALIL, SHAABAN. "CP VIOLATION IN SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 10 (April 20, 2003): 1697–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03013570.

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We review the present status of the CP violating problem in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model. We analyze the constraints imposed by the experimental limits of the electron, neutron, and mercury electric dipole moments on the supersymmetric CP phases and show that only the scenarios with flavour-off-diagonal CP violation remain attractive. These scenarios require Hermitian Yukawa matrices which naturally arise in models with left–right symmetry or a SU(3) flavour symmetry. In this case, εK and ε′/ε can be saturated by a small non-universality of the soft scalar masses through the gluino and chargino contributions respectively. The model also predicts a strong correlation between A CP (b → sγ) and the neutron electric dipole moment. In this framework, the standard model gives a the leading contribution to the CP asymmetry in B → ψKS decay, while the dominant chargino contribution to this asymmetry is < 0.2. Thus, no constraint is set on the non-universality of this model by the recent BaBar and Belle measurements.

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24

Lusiani, Alberto. "Status and progress of the HFLAV-Tau group activities." EPJ Web of Conferences 218 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921805002.

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We report the status and progress of the Heavy Flavour Averaging Group work on the global fit of τ tau lepton branching fractions, on the lepton universality tests and on the measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vus| using τ lepton measurements. We also review the prospects for improving the precision of the |Vus| measurement.

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25

Vecchi, Stefania. "Overview of recent LHCb results." EPJ Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819200024.

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A selection of the most recent and relevant measurements by the LHCb experiment is presented. It includes the determination of the CKM angle γ, obtained from a combination of a number of measurements of B meson decays, the measurement of the D0 - D0 mixing parameters and the results of several tests of the lepton-flavour universality of the electroweak couplings.

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26

Filev, Veselin G., and Clifford V. Johnson. "Universality in the largeNcdynamics of flavour: thermal vs. quantum induced phase transitions." Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, no. 10 (October 14, 2008): 058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/058.

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27

Ma, Yunjian, Zongquan Li, Hao Zhang, Vincent Kam Wai Wong, Frank Hollmann, and Yonghua Wang. "Bienzymatic Cascade Combining a Peroxygenase with an Oxidase for the Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes from Benzyl Alcohols." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010145.

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Aromatic aldehydes are important aromatic compounds for the flavour and fragrance industry. In this study, a parallel cascade combining aryl alcohol oxidase from Pleurotus eryngii (PeAAOx) and unspecific peroxygenase from the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) to convert aromatic primary alcohols into high-value aromatic aldehydes is proposed. Key influencing factors in the process of enzyme cascade catalysis, such as enzyme dosage, pH and temperature, were investigated. The universality of PeAAOx coupled with AaeUPO cascade catalysis for the synthesis of aromatic aldehyde flavour compounds from aromatic primary alcohols was evaluated. In a partially optimised system (comprising 30 μM PeAAOx, 2 μM AaeUPO at pH 7 and 40 °C) up to 84% conversion of 50 mM veratryl alcohol into veratryl aldehyde was achieved in a self-sufficient aerobic reaction. Promising turnover numbers of 2800 and 21,000 for PeAAOx and AaeUPO, respectively, point towards practical applicability.

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28

Iyer, Abhishek M. "Flavour physics and extra-dimensions." EPJ Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817901006.

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Randall-Sundrum (RS) model of warped extra-dimensions were originally proposed to explain the Planck-weak scale hierarchy. It was soon realised that modifications of the original setup, by introducing the fields in the bulk, has several interesting features. In particular it imbues a rich flavour structure to the fermionic sector thereby offering an understanding of the Yukawa hierarchy problem. This construction is also useful in explaining the recently observed deviations in the decay of the B mesons. We consider two scenarios to this effect : A) Right handed muon fields coupled more to NP that the corresponding muon doublets (unorthodox case). Non-universality exists in the right handed sector. B) Standard scenario with anomalies explained primarily by non-universal couplings to the lepton doublets. Further, we establish correlation with the parameter space consistent with the flavour anomalies in the neutral current sector and obtain predictions for rare K- decay which are likely to be another candle for NP with increased precision. The prediction for rare K- decays are different according to the scenario, thereby serving as a useful discriminatory tool. We also discussthe large flavour violation in the lepton sector and present an example with the implementation of bulk leptonic MFV which is essential to realize the model with low KK scales. Further we consider a radical solution, called GUT RS models, where the RS geometry can work as theory of flavour in the absence of flavour symmetries. In this case the low energy brane corresponds to the GUT scale as a result of which RS is no longer solution to the gauge hierarchy problem. The Kaluza Klein (KK) modes in this setup are naturally heavy due to which the low energy constraints can be easily avoided. We use this framework to discuss the supersymmetric version of the RS model and provide means to test this scenario by considering rare lepton decays like τ → μγ.

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29

Meloni, S. "Tests of Lepton Flavour Universality in \(b\to c\ell \nu \) Decays at the LHCb Experiment." Acta Physica Polonica B 51, no. 6 (2020): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolb.51.1479.

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30

LAFFERTY, G. D. "TAU PHYSICS FROM B FACTORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 27 (October 30, 2006): 5660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06034872.

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Some recent τ-physics results are presented from the BaBar and Belle experiments at the SLAC and KEK B factories, which produce copious numbers of τ-lepton pairs. Measurements of the tau mass and lifetime allow to test lepton universality and CPT invariance, while searches for lepton-flavour violation in tau decays are powerful ways to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. In semihadronic, non-strange tau decays, the vector hadronic final state is particularly important in helping determine the hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, while studies of strange final states are the best available ways to measure the CKM matrix element V us and the mass of the strange quark.

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31

Martinelli, Guido, Manuel Naviglio, Silvano Simula, and Ludovico Vittorio. "Exclusive semileptonic B-meson decays using lattice QCD and unitarity." EPJ Web of Conferences 270 (2022): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227000015.

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We present the results of the application of the Dispersion Matrix approach to exclusive semileptonic B-meson decays. This method allows to determine the hadronic form factors in a non-perturbative and completely modelindependent way. Starting from lattice results available at large values of the momentum transfer, the behaviour of the form factors in their whole kinematical range is obtained without introducing any parameterization of their momentum dependence. We will focus on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi- Maskawa matrix elements |Vcb| and |Vub| through the analysis of B(s) → D(s)(*)lv and B(s) → π(K)ℓν decays. New theoretical determinations of the Lepton Flavour Universality ratios relevant for these transitions will be also presented.

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32

Bailas, Gabriela, Benoît Blossier, Jochen Heitger, Vincent Morénas, and Matthias Post. "On the D*s and charmonia leptonic decays." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 13002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817513002.

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Among the different scenarios of New Physics, those with an extended Higgs sector are examined with a lot of attention. Recent experimental observations of several anomalies in flavour physics with respect to expectations of the Standard Model further motivate the effort of phenomenologists. First, informations about the RDs ratio, a test of lepton flavour universality equivalent to RD, already measured, but with the s quark as spectator, are awaited in coming years to constrain the corner of an extended Higgs sector with charged doublets. On another side, leptonic widths of pseudoscalar quarkonia are particularly interesting to test an extended Higgs sector with a light CP-odd Higgs boson singlet, through the study of its mixing with quarkonia states. Hadronic parameters entering those processes have to be determined from lattice QCD with enough confidence on the control of systematic errors. We report on the very first step of a long-term program tackled with Nf = 2 Wilson-Clover fermions to put relevant constraints on extensions of the Higgs sector: extraction of decay constants of D*s, ƞc, ƞc (2S), J/Ψ and Ψ(2S) with lattice ensembles provided by the CLS effort, considering 2 lattice spacings and a large range of pion masses to estimate cut-off effects and extrapolate results to the chiral limit.

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33

Qian, Sitian, Zhe Guan, Sen Deng, Yunxuan Song, Tianyu Mu, Jie Xiao, Tianyi Yang, et al. "Boosted Tau Lepton as a Microscope and Macroscope." Advances in High Energy Physics 2022 (September 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4931241.

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Anomalies from the LHCb lepton flavour universality and Fermilab muon anomalous magnetic moment show tantalizing hints of possible new physics from the lepton sectors. Due to its large mass and shorter lifetime than muon, the tau lepton is believed to couple more to possible new physics beyond the Standard Model. Traditionally, tau leptons are probed through their decay products due to tau’s short lifetime. On the other hand, at a high energy scale, a large fraction of tau leptons could be boosted to a much longer lifetime and fly a visible distance from several centimetres up to kilometer length scale yet very informative to new physics beyond the standard model or high energy cosmic rays. In this article, we investigate rare, yet promising, tau-physics phenomena, where long-lived taus are exploited either as a microscope (for the measurement of tau’s anomalous magnetic moment to an unprecedented level of accuracy) or as a macroscope (for the detection of 1 TeV to 1 PeV cosmic neutrinos).

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34

Kiselev, Yu T. "Universality test of short range nucleon-nucleon correlations in nuclei with strange and charmed probes." Chinese Physics C 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 014004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ac2ff9.

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Abstract Understanding the EMC effect and its relation to the short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations (SRC) in nuclei is a major challenge for modern nuclear physics. One of the key aspects of the connection between these phenomena is the universality. The universality states that the SRC is responsible for the EMC effect and that the modification of the partonic structure of the SRC is the same in different nuclei. The flavor dependence of the universality is one of the unanswered questions. The investigations conducted to date have demonstrated the existence and universality of the SRC for light and quarks. Recently, it was suggested that the universality for heavy flavors can be studied through their deep subthreshold production in and eA collisions. In this paper, we discuss an alternative possibility to access the strange and gluon high-X structure of the SRC and to establish universality for heavy flavors using nuclear semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (nSIDIS), which probes different quark flavor combinations depending on the final state hadron. The specific reaction can be "tagged" by observation of a strange or charmed particle registered in coincidence with the scattering lepton. The universality of the SRC can be tested in the kinematic region, i.e., , where the contribution to the cross section from SRC becomes dominant. Exploring the strangeness, charmonium, and open charm will shed light on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei, thereby developing an understanding of how nuclei emerge within QCD.

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35

Crivellin, Andreas, and Martin Hoferichter. "Hints of lepton flavor universality violations." Science 374, no. 6571 (November 26, 2021): 1051–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abk2450.

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36

Aich, Younes. "Foreignizing Translation as a Strategy to Universalize Literary Texts." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.9.10.

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All literary works hold the traces of their authors at various levels. With this idea in mind, all literary translations should enable the target reader to have an insight into the kind of thinking patterns, tastes and choices that guide the daily life of people in foreign cultures. On this basis, it is of paramount importance to preserve the local flavour of the translated text so that the target reader knows him/herself better through contacting the cultural Other. To this end, I deem it crucial to opt for a translation method that is likely to preserve the local flavor of the home culture and trigger the target reader’s enthusiasm to discover the Other along with his/her writings. Foreignization can be adopted as a translation strategy in this regard to facilitate an adequate encounter with the cultural Other via his/her literary production. It is worth noting that any investigation of the source text, including its cultural environment, gives a place for a deep and satisfactory understanding of it. Relatedly, when the home culture is sufficiently studied and comprehended, the target reader gets to know more about it and learns to be tolerant of differences.

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37

Bryman, Douglas. "Probing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion Decays." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2391, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2391/1/012014.

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Abstract Searches for violation of lepton flavor universality are topical due to hints of discrepancies with Standard Model expectations in studies involving muons, B mesons, and beta decays which may be related by tests of the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix. The status and prospects of pion decay experiments which offer the most precise tests of e − μ universality are discussed.

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38

Spadaro, T., and the KLOE Collaboration. "KLOE results on lepton flavor universality tests." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 110, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 052048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/110/5/052048.

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39

Afonin, S. S. "The flavor universality of some mass splittings in hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 26 (October 16, 2014): 1450140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14501401.

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The approximate chiral invariance of the two-flavor (QCD) is known to be spontaneously broken. This effect explains the relatively small pion mass and, as is widely believed, the mass splittings of would-be chiral partners — the hadrons of equal spin but opposite parity lying in one multiplet of the chiral symmetry. We present experimental evidences that in reality such mass splittings in the meson sector seem to be approximately flavor-independent in all cases where they can be tested experimentally — the spin 0 and 1. In addition, a partial flavor independence holds for spin-1/2 baryons (namely among states in which at least one of the quark is not u or d one). This property allow to predict masses and quantum numbers for 10 new hadrons. The given flavor-independence, if confirmed for higher spins, hints at the existence of universal scale Λ strong ~300 MeV in the strong interactions which, in contrast to Λ QCD , is flavor and scheme independent. Some manifestations of Λ strong are discussed.

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40

Alda, J., J. Guasch, and S. Peñaranda. "Some results on lepton flavour universality violation." European Physical Journal C 79, no. 7 (July 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7092-x.

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41

Cornella, Claudia, Ferruccio Feruglio, and Paride Paradisi. "Low-energy effects of Lepton Flavour Universality Violation." Journal of High Energy Physics 2018, no. 11 (November 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2018)012.

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42

Calibbi, Lorenzo, Zygmunt Lalak, Stefan Pokorski, and Robert Ziegler. "The messenger sector of SUSY flavour models and radiative breaking of flavour universality." Journal of High Energy Physics 2012, no. 6 (June 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2012)018.

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43

Qian, Sitian, Congqiao Li, Qiang Li, Fanqiang Meng, Jie Xiao, Tianyi Yang, Meng Lu, and Zhengyun You. "Searching for heavy leptoquarks at a muon collider." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 12 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2021)047.

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Abstract The LHCb Collaboration recently gave an update on testing lepton flavour universality with B+→ K+ℓ+ℓ−, in which a 3.1 standard deviations from the standard model prediction was observed. The g-2 experiment also reports a 3.3 standard deviations from the standard model on muon anomalous magnetic moment measurement. These deviations could be explained by introducing new particles including leptoquarks. In this paper, we show the possibility to search for heavy spin-1 leptoquarks at a future TeV scale muon collider by performing studies from three channels: 1) same flavour final states with either two bottom or two light quarks, 2) different flavour quark final states, and 3) a so-called “VXS” process representing the scattering between a vector boson and a leptoquark to probe the coupling between leptoquark and tau lepton. We conclude that a 3 TeV muon collider with 3 ab−1 of integrated luminosity is already sufficient to cover the leptoquark parameter space in order to explain the LHCb lepton flavour universality anomaly.

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44

Bobeth, Christoph, Marzia Bordone, Nico Gubernari, Martin Jung, and Danny van Dyk. "Lepton-flavour non-universality of $${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ angular distributions in and beyond the Standard Model." European Physical Journal C 81, no. 11 (November 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09724-2.

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AbstractWe analyze in detail the angular distributions in $${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ B ¯ → D ∗ ℓ ν ¯ decays, with a focus on lepton-flavour non-universality. We investigate the minimal number of angular observables that fully describes current and upcoming datasets, and explore their sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the most general weak effective theory. We apply our findings to the current datasets, extract the non-redundant set of angular observables from the data, and compare to precise SM predictions that include lepton-flavour universality violating mass effects. Our analysis shows that the number of independent angular observables that can be inferred from current experimental data is limited to only four. These are insufficient to extract the full set of relevant BSM parameters. We uncover a $$\sim 4\sigma $$ ∼ 4 σ tension between data and predictions that is hidden in the redundant presentation of the Belle 2018 data on $${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ B ¯ → D ∗ ℓ ν ¯ decays. This tension specifically involves observables that probe $$e-\mu $$ e - μ lepton-flavour universality. However, we find inconsistencies in these data, which renders results based on it suspicious. Nevertheless, we discuss which generic BSM scenarios could explain the tension, in the case that the inconsistencies do not affect the data materially. Our findings highlight that $$e-\mu $$ e - μ non-universality in the SM, introduced by the finite muon mass, is already significant in a subset of angular observables with respect to the experimental precision.

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45

Barbieri, Riccardo, and Robert Ziegler. "Quark masses, CKM angles and Lepton Flavour Universality violation." Journal of High Energy Physics 2019, no. 7 (July 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2019)023.

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46

Crivellin, Andreas, Benjamin Fuks, and Luc Schnell. "Explaining the hints for lepton flavour universality violation with three S2 leptoquark generations." Journal of High Energy Physics 2022, no. 6 (June 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2022)169.

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Abstract Leptoquarks are prime candidates for explaining the intriguing hints for lepton flavour universality violation. In particular, the SU(2)L doublet of scalar leptoquarks S2 is capable of providing an explanation for the tensions between the measurements and the Standard Model predictions in (g − 2)μ, b → sℓ+ℓ− and b → cτν processes, as well as in non-resonant di-electron production. However, in the minimal setup with a single leptoquark generation, a common explanation for all these issues is not possible as this would lead to unacceptably large charged lepton flavour violation. We therefore propose a model with three generations of S2, each coupling exclusively to a single lepton flavour, i.e. a model extending the Standard Model particle content by an electroquark, a muoquark and a tauquark. We show that after taking into account other constraints, such as those originating from electroweak precision observables and ∆F = 2 processes, it is possible to provide a combined explanation for all these hints of lepton flavour universality violation. Moreover, we find that the presence of the tauquark can generate a dimension-six $$ {\mathcal{O}}_9^U $$ O 9 U operator via off-shell photon penguin diagrams, which, together with the muoquark contribution, further improves the global fit to b → sℓ+ℓ− data.

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47

Husek, Tomáš, Kevin Monsálvez-Pozo, and Jorge Portolés. "Constraints on leptoquarks from lepton-flavour-violating tau-lepton processes." Journal of High Energy Physics 2022, no. 4 (April 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2022)165.

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Abstract Leptoquarks are ubiquitous in several extensions of the Standard Model and seem to be able to accommodate the universality-violation-driven B-meson-decay anomalies and the (g −2)μ discrepancy interpreted as deviations from the Standard Model predictions. In addition, the search for lepton-flavour violation in the charged sector is, at present, a major research program that could also be facilitated by the dynamics generated by leptoquarks. In this article, we consider a rather wide framework of both scalar and vector leptoquarks as the generators of lepton-flavour violation in processes involving the tau lepton. We single out its couplings to leptoquarks, thus breaking universality in the lepton sector, and we integrate out leptoquarks at tree level, generating the corresponding dimension-6 operators of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. In ref. [1] we obtained model-independent bounds on the Wilson coefficients of those operators contributing to lepton-flavour-violating hadron tau decays and ℓ–τ conversion in nuclei, with ℓ = e, μ. Hence, we use those results to translate the bounds into the couplings of leptoquarks to the Standard Model fermions.

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48

Ghosh, Diptimoy, Marco Nardecchia, and S. A. Renner. "Hint of lepton flavour non-universality in B meson decays." Journal of High Energy Physics 2014, no. 12 (December 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2014)131.

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49

Böer, Philipp, Marzia Bordone, Elena Graverini, Patrick Owen, Marcello Rotondo, and Danny van Dyk. "Testing lepton flavour universality in semileptonic Λb → Λ c * decays." Journal of High Energy Physics 2018, no. 6 (June 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2018)155.

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50

Goertz, Florian. "Flavour observables and composite dynamics: leptons." European Physical Journal Special Topics, August 4, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00222-w.

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AbstractWe review lepton flavor physics and corresponding observables in the composite Higgs framework with partial compositeness, considering ‘UV complete’ setups as well as effective and holographic approaches. This includes anarchic flavor setups, scenarios with flavor symmetries, and minimal incarnations of the see-saw mechanism that naturally predict non-negligible lepton compositeness. We focus on lepton flavor violating processes, dipole moments, and on probes of lepton flavor universality, all providing stringent tests of partial compositeness. We discuss the expected size of effects in the different approaches to lepton flavor, which will be useful to understand how a composite lepton sector could look like, given up-to-date experimental constraints.

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