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Donadi, Sandro. "Electromagnetic Radiation Emission and Flavour Oscillations in Collapse Models." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/9961.
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2012/2013In order to solve the measurement problem, collapse models modify the Schroedinger dynamics by adding non linear and stochastic terms. Collapse models provide different predictions compare to Quantum mechanics. In this thesis we focus on two phenomena where the predictions of quantum mechanics and collapse models are different: the electromagnetic radiation emission from charged systems and the flavour oscillations. We analysed both of them and obtained the quantitative deviations from standard quantum behaviour.
Al fine di risolvere il problema della misura, i modelli di collasso spontaneo della funzione d'onda modificano la dinamica data dall'equazione di Schroedinger aggiungendo termini non lineari e stocastici. I modelli di collasso forniscono previsioni differenti rispetto alla meccanica quantistica. In questa tesi studieremo due fenomeni dove le predizioni della meccanica quantistica e dei modelli di collasso sono diverse: l'emissione di radiazione elettromagnetica da sistemi elettricamente non neutri e le oscillazioni dei sapori. Analizzeremo entrambi i fenomeni al fine di ottenere deviazioni quantitative dal comportamento quantistico standard.
XXVI Ciclo
1985
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Elevant, Jessica. "CP-violation in Supernova Neutrino Oscillations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109922.
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It is astonishing both how little and how much we know about neutrinos. On one hand, the neutrino is the second most abundant particle in our Universe. Neutrinos may be created in the Sun, core collapse supernovae, cosmic rays, geological background radiation, supernova remnants and in the Big Bang. On the other hand, they have unimaginably small masses and are unwilling to react with their surroundings. Because of their abundance and their inclination to show us physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, neutrinos are hoped to carry yet unknown information of the Universe. However, it will take some effort and time to persuade the neutrinos to tell us what they know. Among the things we do not yet know of the neutrinos, is the -phase in the neutrino mixing matrix. If is in fact non-zero, neutrino flavour oscillations violate CP-symmetry. Also, if neutrino masses are introduced in the standard model through the See-Saw mechanism and if leptogenesis is a valid theory, CP-violation in neutrino oscillations could help explain why our Universe has no antimatter even though equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been created at the Big Bang. In this thesis, we investigate the flavour evolution of supernova neutrinos. We present the full Hamiltonian in the flavour basis for our system and identify how the different contributions affect the evolution and in which environment. We also present a theoretical motivation from [1, 2] as to how a non-zero -phase affects the flavour evolution and the final energy spectra. The analytical conclusion is that it has no impact under the assumptions made in our analysis. Thus, the -phase may not be measurable from supernova neutrinos.
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Bourret, Simon. "Neutrino oscillations and earth tomography with KM3NeT-ORCA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC247.
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Les oscillations de saveur des neutrinos, découvertes au tournant du 21ème siècle, constituent à ce jour le signe le plus direct de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard. La collaboration KM3NeT a commencé la construction d'un détecteur à effet Tcherenkov de neutrinos au fond de la mer Méditerranée: ORCA (Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss). Le but principal d'ORCA sera la détermination de la hiérarchie de masse des neutrinos, un paramètre fondamental, encore inconnu, du modèle théorique des oscillations de neutrinos. Le principe de la mesure est la détection d'un large échantillon de neutrinos atmosphériques ayant traversé la Terre, et l'analyse de leurs oscillations de saveur. Ces oscillations sont modifiées et augmentées par les effets de matière, dus à la présence d'une densité d'électrons le long de la trajectoire des neutrinos. Au-delà de la hiérarchie de masse et de la mesure des paramètres d'oscillation atmosphériques, ORCA sera alors capable de mesurer la densité en électrons et donc, en principe, de fournir des informations nouvelles sur la composition chimique des couches profondes de la Terre. Cette thèse présente une nouvelle étude, menée au sein de la collaboration KM3NeT, de la sensibilité d'ORCA à la détermination de la hiérarchie de masse des neutrinos, aux paramètres d'oscillations atmosphériques, et à la densité en électrons dans le noyau externe et le manteau inférieur de la Terre. La thèse se concentre sur le développement d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse dont le but est de rendre compte de la réponse du détecteur de la manière la plus précise possible. Pour cela, la méthode est basée sur l'utilisation de matrices de réponses corrélées et construites à partir de simulations Monte Carlo. Les méthodes statistiques et sources d'incertitude systématique sont aussi étudiées en détail. La méthode développée permet une première exploration de nouvelles stratégies d'analyse optimisées. Les études de sensibilité montrent qu'ORCA atteindra une sensibilité médiane à la hiérarchie de masse d'au moins 3 sigma après quelques années d'opération, le résultat dépendant en grande partie de la valeur réelle de la hiérarchie de masse et des autres paramètres d'oscillation encore inconnus. Une performance compétitive pour la mesure des paramètres d'oscillation atmosphériques est aussi attendue. Dans le cas où la hiérarchie de masse est normale et après 10 ans de prise de données, la densité en électrons pourra être mesurée avec une précision d'environ 5% dans le manteau inférieur, et 7% dans le noyau externeNeutrino flavour oscillations, discovered at the turn of the 21st century, currently provide the most direct window on physics beyond the Standard Model. The KM3NeT collaboration has started the construction of a megaton-scale Cherenkov neutrino detector deep underwater in the Mediterranean: ORCA (Oscillation Research with Cosmics in the Abyss). ORCA's main goal will be the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, a major unknown in the current understanding of neutrino oscillations, via the detection of large samples of atmospheric neutrinos crossing the Earth and the analysis of their flavour oscillations. These oscillations are enhanced by matter effects, sensitive to the electron density along the neutrino paths. Beyond the neutrino mass hierarchy and the measurement of atmospheric oscillation parameters, this will allow ORCA to measure the electron density of the deep Earth, and possibly provide constraints on the chemical composition of its innermost layers. This thesis presents a new study, undertaken within the KM3NeT collaboration, of the sensitivity of ORCA to the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, oscillation parameters, and the electron density in the outer core and lower mantle of the Earth. The focus is given to the development of a new analysis methodology intended to account for detector effects as precisely as possible by the use of a Monte Carlo based correlated model of detector response. Statistical methods and systematic uncertainties are also addressed in some detail. The methodology allows for a preliminary exploration of the potential of improved analysis strategies. Sensitivity studies show that ORCA is expected to achieve a median sensitivity to the NMH determination at the level of 3 sigma or better after a few years of operation, depending on the true hierarchy and true value of the oscillation parameters. Competitive performance for the measurement of atmospheric oscillation parameters is also expected. Assuming a normal mass hierarchy, the electron density can be measured with a precision of about 5% in the lower mantle, and 7% in the outer core
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Huber, Patrick. "Three flavour effects in future neutrino oscillation experiments." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969864272.
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Keil, Mathias Thorsten. "Supernova neutrino spectra and applications to flavor oscillations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969382340.
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Leonardo, Nuno Teotónio Viegas Guerreiro. "Analysis of B [sigma] flavor oscillations at CDF." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39293.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, February 2007.In title on t.p., "[sigma]" appears as the lower-case Greek letter.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 367-376).
The search for and the study of flavor oscillations in the neutral B,B, meson system is an experimentally challenging endeavor. This constitutes a flagship analysis of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider physics program. In this dissertation we develop such an analysis of the time-dependent B, flavor oscillations using data collected with the CDF detector. The data samples are formed of both fully and partially reconstructed B meson decays, B, -+ D7r(irir) and B8 -- Dalv. A likelihood fitting framework is implemented and appropriate models and techniques developed for describing the mass, proper decay time, and flavor tagging characteristics of the data samples. The analysis is extended to samples of B+ and Bo mesons, which are further used for algorithm calibration and method validation. The B mesons lifetimes are extracted. The measurement of the Bo oscillation frequency yields Amd = 0.522 ± 0.017 ps-1. The search for B, oscillations is performed using an amplitude method based on a frequency scanning procedure. Applying a combination of lepton and jet charge flavor tagging algorithms, with a total tagging power ED2 of 1.6%, to a data sample of 355 pb-1, a sensitivity of 13.0 ps-1 is achieved.
(cont.) In a preliminary study, we develop a same side kaon tagging algorithm, which is found to provide a superior tagging power, of about 4.0% for the B, meson species. An evaluation of the dilution systematic uncertainties is not reported but after including the algorithm as is in the analysis the sensistivity is significantly increased to about 18 ps-'. An indication of a B, oscillation signal is seen at a frequency of about 17.5 ps-1. We show that the extension of the analysis to the increasing data samples with the inclusion of the same side tagging algorithm is capable of providing an observation of B, mixing beyond the standard model expectation. We show also that the improved knowledge of Am, has a considerable impact on constraining the CKM matrix elements.
by Nuno Teotónio Viegas Guerreiro Leonardo.
Ph.D.
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Ballett, Peter Alexander. "Probing leptonic flavour with future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7745/.
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Over the last 50 years, the study of the properties of neutrinos has unveiled a number of surprising facts that necessitate physics beyond the standard model. We now know that neutrinos are not only massive, but that there is a non-trivial alignment between the mass and flavour bases, inducing flavour changing transitions known as neutrino oscillations. Understanding the neutrino sector is a crucial first step in our attempts to extend our current theories of fundamental physics, and studies of neutrino oscillation provide us with a unique tool to probe these elusive particles. In this thesis, we assess the potential of the next generation of neutrino oscillation experiments to probe physical effects both within and beyond the current neutrino flavour paradigm: resolving existing unknowns, and constraining the correlations induced by theories of leptonic flavour.
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Mack, Philipp. "Kalibration neuer 'Flavor Tagging' Algorithmen mittels Bs-Oszillationen Calibration of new flavor tagging algorithms using Bs oscillations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007124.
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Wendell, Roger Alexandre Scholberg Kate. "Three flavor oscillation analysis of atmospheric neutrinos in super-kamiokande." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1965.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy." Discipline: Physics and Astronomy; Department/School: Physics and Astronomy.
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Calland, Richard. "A 3 flavour joint near and far detector neutrino oscillation analysis at T2K." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2009123/.
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The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment is a second generation long-baseline neutrino experiment and the first to use an off-axis neutrino beam to produce narrow neutrino energy spectrum. T2K was designed to measure with precision the atmospheric mixing parameters, and also look for evidence of non-zero θ13. T2K's near detector (ND280) provides constraints on the beam flux and neutrino cross-section uncertainties, as well as making valuable cross-section measurements. This thesis describes an oscillation analysis that uses samples from both near and far detectors. Importantly, vμ and Ve samples at the far detector are combined to produce a joint oscillation analysis. A Markov chain Monte Carlo is used to construct the Bayesian posterior distribution by sampling a likelihood function. From the Bayesian posterior distribution, the oscillation parameters of interest and their errors are estimated.
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Boix, Le Falchier Gäelle. "Study of Bs Oscillations with the ALEPH detector at LEP." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3333.
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Kikawa, Tatsuya. "Measurement of Neutrino Interactions and Three Flavor Neutrino Oscillations in the T2K Experiment." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195958.
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Paris, Alessio. "Phenomenology of Discrete Groups in Flavor Symmetries." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421575.
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The experimental determination of flavor parameters (mass values, mixing angles and
phases) suffer, in the lepton sector, from large uncertainties. Moreover, the ground on
which theoretical models are built is not firm and although we have several clues to guide
us toward the solution of the puzzle, no approach can be considered conclusive up to now.
The situation gets more complicated by the fact that many theoretical constructions pre-
dict correctly many features of neutrino oscillation, but we still lack enough experimental
sensitivity to discriminate among them, to refute the wrong and identify the best candi-
dates to describe how nature works. Some of the most useful and popular tools to try to
solve the flavor puzzle are the discrete symmetry groups. In this thesis we will deal with
three distinct aspects of the current theoretical research on neutrino physics and discrete
flavor symmetries. We will explicitly construct a model based on the discrete group A5
in order to explain neutrino mixing. Phenomenological consequences will be discussed
at the Leading and Next-to- Leading order, while special emphasis will be put on the
naturalness of the vacuum alignment that spontaneously breaks the symmetry.
We will analyze the phenomenology of flavor models beyond the neutrino sector: in
particular, rare decays of the muon and the tau will be discussed in models based on the
symmetry group A4 × Z3 × U (1) and realized at a high-energy scale, both in a frame-
independent way and in a particular supersymmetric realization. Moreover, we will con-
sider models in which the flavor scale coincides with the electroweak scale and more than
one Higgs fields are present and charged under a generic discrete flavor group. In this case,
the constraints come from the Higgs phenomenology and the search for flavor violation.
Finally, we will consider the effects of including a model for neutrinos in a larger and
more realistic framework, adding Supersymmetry and the Seesaw mechanism. One of the
key test is to check if the high-energy predictions of a given flavor model are stable against
quantum corrections of the renormalization group. We will show general results applying
to a broad class of textures called mass-independent; as an explicit example of this class,
we will pick the Tribimaximal realization of the Altarelli-Feruglio model.Da un punto di vista sperimentale i parametri della fisica del sapore (valori delle masse, angoli di mescolamento e fasi) mostrano ancora larghe bande di incertezza, specialmente nel settore dei leptoni. Inoltre, la base sulla quale i modelli teorici vengono costruiti non ancora solida e nessun approccio può dichiararsi definitivo nonostante i numerosi indizi che ci possono guidare verso la soluzione del problema. La situazione è resa più complicata dal fatto che molti modelli riproducono correttamente l’oscillazione dei neutrini, ma non si possiede ancora sufficiente sensitività sperimentale per separare quelli sbagliati dai candidati più plausibili per descrivere il meccanismo che la natura haadottato. I gruppi di simmetria discreti sono fra gli strumenti pi utili e popolari nel tentativo di risolvere il problema del sapore. In questa tesi ci occuperemo di tre distinti aspetti appartenenti alla ricerca teorica sulla fisica dei neutrini e sui gruppi di sapore discreti. Costruiremo esplicitamente un modello basato sul gruppo di simmetria discreto A5 che spieghi il mescolamento dei neutrini. Si studieranno le conseguenze fenomenologiche per i due ordini perturbativi più bassi, sottolineando in particolare come i valori di aspettazione sul vuoto che rompono spontaneamente la simmetria compaiono in modo naturale. Analizzeremo poi alcuni modelli di sapore al di fuori dell’oscillazione dei neutrini: in particolare discuteremo decadimenti rari delle particelle μ e τ in modelli di sapore basati sul gruppo di simmetria A4 × Z3 × U (1). I decadimenti verranno discussi sia senza specificare una teoria generale che in un contesto supersimmetrico. Passeremo poi ad esempi in cui la scala della fisica del sapore ́ fatta coincidere con la scala elettrodebole ed in cui più campi di Higgs, carichi essi stessi sotto il gruppo di sapore, sono presenti. In questo caso Per concludere, verranno studiati gli effetti nell’includere un modello di sapore all’interno di una teoria più ampia e realistica, ovvero aggiungendo la Supersimmetria e il cosiddetto meccanismo di Seesaw. Uno dei punti chiave è la verifica che le predizioni di un dato modello, valide ad alte energie, non vengano rovinate dalle correzioni quantistiche causate dal gruppo di rinormalizzazione. Mostreremo dei risultati generali che si applicano ad un’ampia classe di schemi detti indipendenti dalle masse (mass-independant): come esempio esplicito sceglieremo lo schema tribimassimale implementato nel modello di Altarelli e Feruglio.
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Di, Mauro Marco. "Flavor mixing in quantum field theory and quantum information." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/194.
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2009 - 2010After reviewing the formalism for describing flavor mixing, both in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory, some consequences along three different directions are studied. First, it is proposed that flavor mixing can be a viable candidate for spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, due to the nontrivial vacuum structure induced by it. After the statement of the conjecture, an explicit proof in a simple case is given. Second, the properties of flavor states as entangled states both in QM and QFT are studied. By interpreting such states as multipartite mode–entangled states, both the correlation content and the decoherence effects are studied. Third, a possible new interpretation of flavor mixing as induced by an external vector field is proposed, and it is shown how this solves some problems of the usual formalism in connection with Lorentz and Poincar´e violation. Some phenomenological consequences of this picture are pointed out, as well as some intriguing physical interpretations. [edited by author]
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Belloni, Alberto Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Observation of B⁰s - B⁻⁰s oscillations and the development and application of same-side-kaon flavor tagging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45416.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-209).
The search for flavor oscillations in the neutral Bs - B meson system constitutes a flagship analysis of the Tevatron proton-anti-proton collider physics program and an important probe for effects due to new physics beyond the Standard Model of particles and interactions. In particular, the precise measurement of a process such as Boscillations sets a strong constraint on the parameters of quark-flavor mixing in the Standard Model. This dissertation reports the analysis which, for the first time, observed B- Bs oscillations, using data collected with the CDF detector. The sub-percent precision of the measurement is also noteworthy. The data sample used for this analysis includes fully and partially reconstructed Bdecays: ... The focus of this thesis is the algorithm of same-side-kaon tagging which provides _-0 a large fraction of the flavor-tagging power available to this analysis of B- B8 oscillations. Flavor tagging consists in assessing whether a B, meson is creates as a B_--0 or a B, state, and constitutes an important ingredient in the analysis presented in this document. The algorithm which is here described combines particle identification information and kinematic characteristics of the Bevent in an artificial neural network to provide improved tagging power E'2 of about 4.0 - 4.8%, depending on the data sample to which the algorithm is applied. The search for B1 oscillations is performed using an amplitude method based on a frequency scanning procedure. Applying a neural network-based combination of lepton, kaon and jet charge opposite-side tagging algorithms, with a total tagging power of ED2 = 1.8%, and the same-side-kaon tagging algorithm to a data sample of 1 fb-1, a signal of B- B_ oscillations with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations is found ...
by Alberto Belloni.
Ph.D.
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Thornewell, Peter Michael. "³He neutral current detectors for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343004.
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Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de. "Oscilações de sabor e de quiralidade no formalismo com pacotes de ondas de Dirac." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277175.
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Orientadores: Stefano De Leo, Marcelo Moraes GuzzoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardini_AlexEduardode_D.pdf: 11144393 bytes, checksum: e30aa87333dab96117370f24e37b259b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Na primeira parte deste trabalho, nós introduzimos um esquema de aproximações para perfazer um estudo do fenômeno quântico de oscilação de sabores de maneira pedagógica e compreensiva. Com a utilização de pacotes de ondas gaussianos, nós demonstramos que a probabilidade de oscilação é delimitada por uma função de amortecimento dependente do tempo, a qual caracteriza o fenômeno de slippage ( escorregamento ) entre dois pacotes de ondas associados aos autoestados de massa. Nós também demonstramos que o spreading (alargamento) do pacote de ondas representa um efeito secundário o qual tem um papel relevante somente no limite não-relativístico. Em nossa análise, notamos a presença de uma nova fase de oscilação dependente do tempo e calculamos como este termo adicional modifica o caráter de oscilação na fórmula de conversão de sabores. Na segunda parte, consideramos que, no tratamento standard de oscilações quânticas, assume-se implicitamente que os autoestados de massa são escalares e, consequentemente, a forma spinorial das funções de ondas que venham a caracterizar uma partícula fermiônica, como por exemplo um neutrino, não são incluídas nos cálculos efetuados até tal ponto. Para analisar este efeito adicional, nós discutimos a fórmula de oscilação de probabilidades obtida com o uso da equação de Dirac como a equação de movimento para os autoestados de massa de neutrinos. A localização inicial do estado espinorial também faz com que apareça uma interferência entre componentes de energia positiva e negativa dos pacotes de ondas de cada autoestado de massa que leva a descrição de um fenômeno de oscilações ultra-rápidas o qual pode alterar a probabilidade de oscilação standard. Finalmente, nós investigamos como a inclusão dos efeitos de oscilação quiral podem modificar a fórmula de conversão desabores. Nosso estudo leva à conclusão de que a natureza fermiônica das partículas, onde oscilaçÕes de quiralidade e a interferência entre componentes de frequência positiva e negativa de pacotes de ondas associados a autoestados de massa são implicitamente consideradas, modifica o perfil das oscilações de sabores. Contudo, para partículas ultra-relativísticas e distribuições de momentos altamente centradas, é possível demonstrar analiticamente que estas modificações introduzem fatores de correção proporcionais a m2 1,2 /P2 0 , os quais são, praticamentes indetectáveis por meio de análise experimental
Abstract: In the first part of this work, we introduce an approximation scheme to perform an analytic study of quantum fiavor oscillation phenomena in a pedagogical and comprehensive way. By using gaussian wave packets, we show that the oscillation probability is bounded by a time-dependent vanishing function which characterizes the slippage between the mass-eigenstate wave packets. We also demonstrate that the wave packet spreading represents a secondary effect which play a significant role only in the non-relativistic limit. In our analysis, we note the presence of a new time-dependent phase and calcu1ate how this additional term modifies the oscillating character of the fiavor conversion formu1a. At second, we consider that in the standard treatment of particle oscillations the mass eigenstates are implicitly assumed to be scalars and, consequently, the spinorial form of a fermionic wave function, like the neutrino one, is not included in the calcu1ations. To analyze this additional effect, we discuss the oscillation probability formu1a obtained by using the Dirac equation as evolution equation for the neutrino mass eigenstates. The initial localization of the spinor state also implies an interference between positive and negative energy components of mass eigenstate wave packets which modifies the standard oscillation probability. Finally, we investigate how the inclusion of chiral oscillation effects can modify the flavor conversion probability formula. Our study leads to the conclusion that the fermionic nature of the particles, where chiral oscillations and the interference between positive and negative frequency components of mass-eigenstate wave packets are implicitly assumed, modifies the standard oscillation probability. Nevertheless, for ultra-relativistic particles and sharply peaked momentum distributions, we can analytically demonstrate that these modifications introduce correction factors proportional to m 2 1/2 /P2 0 which are practically un-detectable by any experimental analysis
Doutorado
Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos
Doutor em Ciências
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Krämer, Jan. "Service bundling and quality competition on converging communications markets A game-theoretic analysis = Calibration of new flavor tagging algorithms using Bs oscillations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007394.
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Vale, Silva Luiz Henrique. "Phénoménologie de modèles à symétrie droite-gauche dans le secteur des quarks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS249/document.
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Bien qu'ayant beaucoup de succès pour décrire la grande variété de phénomènes de la physique des particules, le Modèle Standard (MS) laisse certaines propriétés de la nature sans explication. Ici, nous allons mettre l'accent sur le traitement différent des chiralités de type gauche et droite dans le cadre du MS. Une façon naturelle d'expliquer cela est de plonger le MS dans un modèle plus fondamental, capable de traiter les chiralités d'une manière symétrique. Cette classe de modèles, connue sous le nom de "modèles à symétrie droite-gauche" (LR models, en anglais), introduit une nouvelle interaction qui couple préférentiellement aux champs "droitiers". Puis, à une haute échelle d'énergie, la symétrie reliant droite et gauche est brisée spontanément donnant naissance au MS et aux phénomènes de violation de symétrie de parité. La manière spécifique par laquelle le mécanisme Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) se produit dans les modèles LR peut être sondée par des observables électrofaibles de précision, ce qui sert de premier test de l'extension du MS dans le secteur électrofaible. Comme conséquence du mécanisme BEH dans les modèles LR, de nouveaux bosons de jauge sont présents. Ce sont W’ et Z’, censés être beaucoup plus lourds que les bosons de jauge W et Z afin d'expliquer pourquoi ils n'ont jamais été vus jusqu'à présent. Ces nouvelles particules sont accompagnées d'une riche phénoménologie, comme de nouvelles sources de violation de CP au-delà de celle du MS. En outre, un nouveau secteur scalaire neutre introduit des courants qui changent la saveur (FCNC, en anglais) au niveau des arbres, un processus fortement restreint dans le MS, où il arrive seulement à l'ordre des boucles. L'existence de FCNCs fournit des contraintes extrêmement puissantes sur les modèles LR, et mérite donc une attention spéciale, en particulier lors du calcul des corrections venant de la QCD. Nous calculons donc les corrections au Next-to-Leading Order des effets à de courtes distances venant de la QCD aux contributions du modèle LR aux observables liées au mélange de mésons neutres et sensibles donc aux FCNC.Ensuite, nous considérons l'étude phénoménologique des modèles LR afin de tester leur viabilité et leur structure. Plus particulièrement, nous considérons le cas où des doublets scalaires sont responsables de la brisure du groupe de jauge des modèles LR. A cet effet, nous menons une étude combinée des observables de précision électrofaible, des bornes directes sur la masse des nouveaux bosons de jauge et des observables qui dérivent de l'oscillation des mésons neutres, dans le cas plus simple où la matrice de mixing dans le secteur droit est égal à la matrice CKM. Ces observables sont combinées dans le cadre du paquet CKMfitter d'analyse statistique. La combinaison de différentes classes d'observables doit prendre en compte la particularité des incertitudes théoriques, qui ne sont pas de nature statistique comme d'autres sources d'incertitude. A ce propos, nous considérons aussi la comparaison de différentes modèles d'incertitude théorique, afin de trouver des méthodes bien adaptées à la situation actuelle de notre connaissance des incertitudes théoriques impliquées dans un fit global en physique de la saveurThough very successful in explaining a wide variety of particle physics phenomena, the Standard Model (SM) leaves unexplained some properties of nature. Here we focus on the different behaviours of left- and right-handed chiralities, or in other words the violation of parity symmetry. A possible and somewhat natural avenue to explain this feature is to embed the SM into a more symmetric framework, which treats the chiralities on equal footing. This class of models, the Left-Right (LR) Models, introduces new gauge interactions that couple preferentially to right-handed fields. Then, at an energy scale high enough, LR symmetry is spontaneously broken through the Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) mechanism, thus giving origin to the SM and to parity violating phenomena. The specific way in which the BEH mechanism operates in LR Models can be probed by EW Precision Observables, consisting of quantities that have been very accurately measured, serving as a first test of consistency for extensions of the SM in the EW sector. We revisit a simple realization of LR Models containing doublet scalars, and consider the phenomenological study of this doublet scenario in order to test the viability and structure of the LR Models. In particular, there is a rich phenomenology associated to the new gauge bosons W’ et Z’ introduced by LR Models, such as new sources of CP violation beyond the one of the SM. Moreover, the extended neutral scalar sector introduces Flavour Changing Neutral Couplings (FCNC) at tree level, which are strongly suppressed in the SM where they arrive first at one loop. FCNCs typically lead to extremely powerful constraints since they contribute to meson-mixing processes, and therefore deserve close attention. For this reason, we consider the calculation of short-distance QCD effects correcting the LR Model contributions to meson-mixing observables up to the Next-to-Leading Order (NLO), a precision required to set solid lower bounds on the LR Model scales. Finally, we combine in a global fit electroweak precision observables, direct searches for the new gauge bosons and meson oscillation observables in the simple case where the right-handed analogous of the CKM mixing-matrix is equal to the CKM matrix itself (a scenario called CKMfitter symmetry). The full set of the observables is combined by using the CKMfitter statistical framework, based on a frequentist analysis and a particular scheme for modeling theoretical uncertainties. We also discuss other possible modelings of theoretical uncertainties in a prospective study for future global flavour fits made by the CKMfitter Collaboration
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Kreplin, Katharina [Verfasser], and Stephanie [Akademischer Betreuer] Hansmann-Menzemer. "A Novel Flavour Tagging Algorithm using Machine Learning Techniques and a Precision Measurement of the B0-AntiB0 Oscillation Frequency at the LHCb Experiment / Katharina Kreplin ; Betreuer: Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180499492/34.
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Torres, Fernando Rossi 1982. "Oscilação de neutrinos no formalismo de pacotes de onda." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278209.
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Orientador: Marcelo Moraes GuzzoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Em geral, estudamos o fenômeno de oscilação de neutrinos através do formalismo de ondas planas, que consegue, com muito sucesso, tratar os casos dos neutrinos solares, de reatores e aceleradores. No entanto, uma descrição física mais completa deve considerar a interpretação do fenômeno oscilatório usando pacotes de onda. Neste trabalho, analisamos o formalismo das ondas planas e dos pacotes de onda na oscilação, tanto no vácuo quanto na matéria. Calculamos os comprimentos de coerência e oscilação para discutir a necessidade ou não da utilização de pacotes de onda para neutrinos solares, neutrinos de reatores e de aceleradores, neutrinos de supernovas e neutrinos de altíssima energia. Discutimos também o mecanismo de formação de supernovas e o papel dos neutrinos na dinâmica de sua evolução. Como temos poucas informações sobre neutrinos de supernova, apenas 11 eventos detectados por Kamiokande e 8 eventos pelo detector IMB, confrontamos o formalismo de ondas planas com o formalismo de pacotes de onda para a oscilação de neutrinos dentro de uma supernova de 15 massas solares, com o intuito de saber a relevância dos pacotes de onda e verificar se este formalismo pode fornecer alguma informação adicional sobre a oscilação de neutrinos em supernovas
Abstract: Generally, we study neutrino oscillation phenomenon using the plane wave formalism, which successfully treats the solar neutrino case, the reactor and accelerator cases. However, a more complete description of neutrino oscillation must consider a wave packet approach. This work analyses both formalisms: the plane wave and the wave packet in vacuum and matter. We have calculated the oscillation and coherence length to discuss if wave packets are or are not necessary for solar neutrinos, reactor and accelerators neutrinos, supernova neutrinos and ultra-high energy neutrinos. We also have discussed the formation mechanism of supernova and the role of neutrinos in its evolution dynamics. As we have little information about supernova neutrinos, only 11 events detected by Kamiokande and 8 events by IMB detector, we have confronted the plane wave formalism with the wave packet formalism of neutrino oscillation inside a supernova with 15 solar masses, because we desire to know the relevance of the wave packet treatment and verify if this formalism will provide any additional information about neutrino oscillation in supernova
Mestrado
Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos
Mestre em Física
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Tremouilhac, Pierre. "Orientational behavior of the antimicrobial peptide PGLa in a lipid membrane environment studied by solid-state 2H-NMR spectroscopy Calibration of new flavor tagging algorithms using Bs oscillations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007219.
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Wilson, Aaron Benjamin. "Using the NCAR CAM 4 to Confirm SAM’s Modulation of the ENSO Teleconnection to Antarctica and Assess Changes to this Interaction during Various ENSO Flavor Events." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376919626.
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Chouquet, Julie. "Development of a method for building life cycle analysis at an early design phase Implementation in a tool - Sensitivity and uncertainty of such a method in comparison to detailed LCA software = Calibration of new flavor tagging algorithms using Bs oscillations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000009290.
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Valdiviesso, Gustavo do Amaral. "Introdução à fenomenologia da oscilação de neutrinos, no vácuo e na matéria." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278301.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Moraes GuzzoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é produzir um texto didático que sirva como base para alunos de física, ao ingressarem na área da fenomenologia de neutrinos. Introduz-se o modelo de mistura de neutrinos no vácuo, baseado no conceito de superposição de estados. Mostra-se que esta hipótese leva ao fenômeno da oscilação de sabor, o qual se propõe ser uma solução para o problema do neutrino solar. Mostra-se que a oscilação que ocorre no vácuo entre o Sol e a Terra não pode explicar os dados experimentais, sendo necessária a inclusão dos efeitos da matéria solar. O meio solar leva a uma alteração nas previsões devido a efeitos de ressonância. O conjunto de fenômenos que ocorrem devido a presença e à distribuição do meio solar, chamado efeito MSW, leva à verdadeira solução do problema do neutrino solar. Faz-se um ajuste simples no modelo, encontrando o melhor ajuste aos dados de SuperKamiokande. Com o modelo ajustado, mostra-se a concordância com os dados de Homestake
Abstract: The subject of this work is to produce a didactic text that can be used by physics students as a basis when incoming on the neutrinos phenomenology area. We introduce the neutrinos mixing model in vacuum, based on the concept of state superposition. We show that this hypothesis leads to avor oscillation phenomenon, the one is proposed to be a solution to the solar neutrino problem. We show that vacuum oscillations between the Sun and the Earth cannot explain the experimental data, making necessary the inclusion of solar matter effects. The solar medium leads to modifications on the predictions because of resonance effects. The set of phenomenon that takes place due to the presence and to the distribution of solar medium, called MSW effect, leads to the real solution of the solar neutrino problem. We make a simple fit on the models parameters, finding the best fit to de SuperKamiokande data set. With the model fitted, we show that it agrees with Homestake data
Mestrado
Teoria Geral das Particulas e Campos
Mestre em Física
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Blennow, Mattias. "Theoretical and Phenomenological Studies of Neutrino Physics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Theoretical Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4415.
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Morlock, Jan [Verfasser]. "Flavour tagging calibration and measurement of Bs oscillations and CP asymmetry / von Jan Morlock." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004114133/34.
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Huber, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Three flavour effects in future neutrino oscillation experiments / Patrick Huber." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969864272/34.
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Keil, Mathias Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Supernova neutrino spectra and applications to flavor oscillations / Mathias Thorsten Keil." 2003. http://d-nb.info/969382340/34.
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Franke, Arthur. "Searching for Reactor Antineutrino Flavor Oscillations with the Double Chooz Far Detector." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GH9R1H.
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This dissertation presents results from a search for reactor antineutrinoₑ flavor oscillations using the Double Chooz Far Detector. The search was performed by observing the rate and energy spectrum of antineutrinoₑ interacting via Inverse Beta Decay in a Gd-doped liquid scintillator detector, and comparing the observation to an expectation based on a prediction of the emitted reactor flux. The Columbia University neutrino group was instrumental in construction of the Double Chooz Outer Veto, as well as the analysis efforts leading to two oscillation measurement results. The most recent analysis is presented herein, focusing on 251.27 days of data (or 33.71 GW-ton-years of exposure). In these data, 8249 IBD candidates were observed, compared to a signal+background prediction of 8936.8. A fit to a two-neutrino oscillation model considering event rate, spectral shape, and time yields a best-fit value of sin² (2θ₁₃) = 0.109 ± 0.030 (stat.) ± 0.025 (syst.) at Δm 2/31 = 2.32 × 10⁻³ eV², with χ²_RS/d.o.f. = 42.1/35. A frequentist method deems the null-oscillation hypothesis excluded by the data at 99.8% C.L., or 2.9σ. These results are in agreement with the measurements of other modern reactor antineutrinoₑ experiments.