Academic literature on the topic 'Flavor ester'
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Journal articles on the topic "Flavor ester"
Xu, Youqiang, Mengqin Wu, Jialiang Niu, Mengwei Lin, Hua Zhu, Kun Wang, Xiuting Li, and Baoguo Sun. "Characteristics and Correlation of the Microbial Communities and Flavor Compounds during the First Three Rounds of Fermentation in Chinese Sauce-Flavor Baijiu." Foods 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010207.
Full textXu, Youqiang, Mengqin Wu, Dong Zhao, Jia Zheng, Mengqi Dai, Xiuting Li, Weiwei Li, Chengnan Zhang, and Baoguo Sun. "Simulated Fermentation of Strong-Flavor Baijiu through Functional Microbial Combination to Realize the Stable Synthesis of Important Flavor Chemicals." Foods 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030644.
Full textLi, Hongshen, Xinglin Han, Hongrui Liu, Jianqin Hao, Wei Jiang, and Shizhong Li. "Silage Fermentation on Sweet Sorghum Whole Plant for Fen-Flavor Baijiu." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071477.
Full textFellman, J. K., D. S. Mattinson, James P. Mattheis, and D. A. Buchanan. "142 ESTER FORMATION IN RELATION TO HARVEST MATURITY AND CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE OF `GALA' APPLES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 449a—449. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.449a.
Full textLyman, Donald J., Robert M. Benck, and Scott F. Merle. "Difference Spectroscopy in the Analysis of the Effects of Coffee Cherry Processing Variables on the Flavor of Brewed Coffee." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (May 29, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/815304.
Full textBeaulieu, John C. "Effect of Cutting and Storage on Acetate and Nonacetate Esters in Convenient, Ready-to-eat Fresh-cut Melons and Apples." HortScience 41, no. 1 (February 2006): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.1.65.
Full textBayout, Ikram, Nassima Bouzemi, Na Guo, Xiangzhao Mao, Stefano Serra, Sergio Riva, and Francesco Secundo. "Natural flavor ester synthesis catalyzed by lipases." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 35, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3554.
Full textZhang, Chunyu, Xuesen Chen, Hongwei Song, Yinghai Liang, Chenhui Zhao, and Honglian Li. "Volatile Compound Profiles of Malus baccata and Malus prunifolia Wild Apple Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 2 (March 2017): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03968-16.
Full textLi, Zhaojie, Yi Fan, Xiaoning Huang, and Beizhong Han. "Microbial Diversity and Metabolites Dynamic of Light-Flavor Baijiu with Stacking Process." Fermentation 8, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8020067.
Full textZhao, Rui Xiang, Cui Qing Hu, Sheng Yang Niu, Hua Di Sun, and Xiao Hong Ge. "Analysis of Main Flavor Substances of Low- and Full-Fat Cheese Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus during Ripening Process." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2395.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Flavor ester"
CHIARELLI, PERDOMO IGOR. "PRODUCTION OF NATURAL AROMA COMPOUNDS BY BIOCATALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/694810.
Full textEsters play a significant role in the food industry, they are among the most important and versatile components of natural flavours and fragrances in food, drinks and cosmetics Their preparation starting from natural substrates and using bioprocesses (e.g., fermentation or enzymatic reactions) is appealing, since the final product can be labelled and commercialized in EU and USA as natural. Therefore, new biotechnological approaches for obtaining flavours are highly demanded as long as they are efficient and sustainable. Many flavour/fragrance esters can be enzymatically obtained using lipases that catalyse esterification, transesterification or interesterification reactions. In this PhD thesis we studied two systems for production of flavours esters: 1) A straightforward biocatalytic method for the enzymatic preparation of different flavour esters starting from primary alcohols (e.g., isoamyl, n-hexyl, geranyl, cinnamyl, 2-phenethyl, and benzyl alcohols) and naturally available ethyl esters (e.g., formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) was developed. The biotransformations are catalysed by an acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) and preceded with excellent yields (80-97%) and short reaction times (30-120 minutes), even when high substrate concentrations (up to 0.5 M) were used. This enzymatic strategy represents an efficient alternative to the application of lipases in organic solvents and a significant improvement compared to already known methods in terms of reduced use of organic solvents, paving the way to a sustainable and efficient preparation of natural flavouring agents. 2) Mycelium-bound lipase of dry mycelium of Aspergillus oryzae catalysed direct esterification of alcohols and acetic acid in organic solvent, showing high stability towards substrates and products. Water produced during the esterification did not significantly affect the equilibrium of the reaction, allowing for high conversions. These features were exploited for preparing flavour-active acetate esters (e.g., isoamyl and cinnamyl acetate) in batch and continuous systems. A continuous stirred tank membrane reactor (CST-MR) was developed securing good reactor productivity and high biocatalyst stability. Both production systems are promising, represent two different alternatives and can be further optimized and scaled up for the interests of the industry.
Lilly, Mariska. "The development of yeasts for the optimal production of flavor-active esters and higher alcohols in wine and distillates." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50135.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Yeasts produce a broad range of aroma-active volatile esters and higher alcohols during alcoholic fermentation. Some of these esters and higher alcohols are important for the fruity flavors and therefore the final quality of wine and other fermented beverages. Esters are produced and hydrolyzed by alcohol acetyltransferases and esterases, respectively. In yeast, ester-synthesizing activities are represented by two alcohol acetyltransferases encoded by the ATFI and ATF2 genes, and by an ethanol hexanoyl transferase encoded by the EHTI gene. Atfl p and Atf2p appear responsible for the production of ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, while Ehtl p synthesizes ethyl hexanoate from ethanol and hexanoyl-CoA. Although a fair amount of information is available regarding the ATF 1 gene, limited information is available on the remaining alcohol acetyltransferases. Only two genes that code for esterases have been identified in yeast, namely lAHI and TIPI. It has also been shown that the balance between alcohol acetyltransferases and esterases is important for the net rate of ester accumulation. Higher alcohols are synthesized from the a-keto-acids in the branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathway by decarboxylation and reduction. The transamination of the amino acid to the respective a-keto-acid is catalyzed by mitochondrial and cytosolic branched-chain amino acid transferases, which are encoded by the BATI and BAT2 genes, respectively. In recent years, a strong scientific and industrial interest in the metabolism of flavoractive compounds has emerged, but information regarding the roles of specific enzymes and the physiological relevance of their metabolism remains limited. The aim of this project was to investigate the physiological and metabolic consequences of changes in the expression levels of some of the key enzymes involved in aroma compound production. The consequences of these changes on the chemical composition and the fermentation bouquet of wines and distillates were also investigated. The first part of the section on the results in this dissertation reports on the role and relative importance of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymes involved in ester metabolism, namely Atflp, Atf2p, Ehtlp, Iahlp and Tiplp. The corresponding genes were overexpressed in a laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae, BY4742, and in a widely used commercial wine yeast strain, VIN13. Table wine and base wines for distillation were prepared with these VIN13 transformed strains. The ester concentrations and aroma profiles of the wines and distillates were analyzed and compared. The data indicated that the overexpression of ATF 1 and ATF2 increased the concentrations of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 2-pheylethyl acetate and ethyl caproate, while the overexpression of JAHI resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate. The overexpression of EHTI resulted in a marked increase in the concentrations of ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate and ethyl caprate, while the overexpression of TJP1 did not decrease the concentrations of any of the esters. In most cases, there was a correlation between the increase in esters and the decrease in higher alcohols. The data suggest that yeast balances the amount of different esters produced through alcohol acetyltransferases and esterases, and that, in some cases, these enzymes appear to overlap in function and/or influence each other's activity. In the second part of the results section, the consequences of the deletion and the overexpression of two genes, BATl and BAT2, which encode transaminases that contribute to the metabolism of higher alcohols, were investigated. The genes were both disrupted in a S. cerevisiae BY4742, and overexpressed in both this laboratory strain and in the VIN13 wine yeast strain. The effects of these modifications on the general physiology of the corresponding yeast strains and on higher alcohol metabolism were assessed in a range of growth conditions, including aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions, in the presence of glucose or raffinose as sole carbon source and growth in the presence of various concentrations of amino acids. Table wine and base wines for distillation were prepared with the modified industrial strains and the concentrations of the higher alcohols and the aroma profiles of the wine and distillates were analyzed and compared. Batl deletion seemed to be lethal under the conditions that were created, and therefore only the bat2!:!.strain, together with the BATI and BAT2 overexpression strains, were investigated. These modifications did not appear to significantly affect the general physiology of the strains. The results obtained indicated that the overexpression of BATI increased the concentrations of isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate, and, to a lesser extent, the concentrations of isobutanol and isobutyric acid. The overexpression of the BAT2 gene resulted in a substantial increase in the levels of isobutanol, isobutyric acid and propionic acid production, and a modest increase in the level of propanol and isovaleric acid. Interestingly, the overexpression of BAT2 led to a decrease in isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate concentrations. Sensory analyses indicated that the wines and distillates produced with the strains in which the BATl and BAT2 genes were overexpressed had more fruity characteristics (peach and apricot aromas) than the wines produced by the wild-type strains. This study offers new prospects for the development of wine yeast starter strains with optimized ester and higher alcohol-producing capability that could assist winemakers in their efforts to consistently produce wine to definable specifications and styles and a predetermined flavor profile.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende fermentasie produseer giste 'n wye verskeidenheid vlugtige aromatiese esters en hoër alkohole. Sommige van hierdie esters en hoër alkohole is belangrik vir die vrugtige geure en dra dus by tot die finale kwaliteit van wyn en ander gefermenteerde drankies. Esters word onderskeidelik deur alkoholasetieltranferases en esterases geproduseer en gehidroliseer. In giste word die ester-sintetiserende aktiwiteite deur twee alkoholasetieltransferases verteenwoordig wat deur die ATFI-en ATF2-gene, asook 'n etanolheksanoïeltransferase wat deur die EHTl-geen, gekodeer word. Dit blyk dat ATFlp en ATF2p verantwoordelik is vir die produksie van etielasetaat en isoamielasetaat, terwyl Ehtl p-etielheksanoaat vanaf etanol en heksanoïel-CoA sintetiseer. Alhoewel daar 'n redelike hoeveelheid inligting t.o.v die ATF I-geen beskikbaar is, is daar weinig inligting oor die res van die aloholasetieltransferases. Slegs twee gene wat vir esterases kodeer, is in gis geïdentifiseer, naamlik IAHI en TIPI. Daar is ook bewys dat 'n balans tussen die alkoholasetieltransferases en esterases baie belangrik is vir die netto-tempo van ester-akkumulasie. Hoër alkohole word gesintetiseer vanaf a-keto sure in die vertakte-ketting aminosuur metaboliese pad deur dekarboksilasie en reduksie. Die transaminasie van die aminosuur na die onderkeidelike a-ketosuur word deur vertakte-ketting aminosuur transferases, geleë in die mitochondrion en sitosol, en gekodeer deur BATl- en BAT2-gene, gekataliseer. In die laaste paar jare het daar 'n sterk wetenskaplike, asook industrïele, belangstelling in die metabolisme van aroma-aktiewe komponente te voorskyn gekom, maar inligting in verband met die rol van spesifieke ensieme en die fisiologiese belangrikheid van hul metabolisme is egter beperk. Die doel van hierdie projek was om die fisiologiese en metaboliese gevolge van veranderinge in die ekspressievlakke van sommige sleutelensieme betrokke by aromakomponent-produksie te ondersoek. Die gevolge van hierdie veranderinge op chemiese vlakke, asook hoe die fermentasie-aroma van die wyne en distillate beïnvloed word, is ook bestudeer. Die eerste gedeelte van die resultate rapporteer oor die rol en relatiewe belangrikheid van die Saccharomyces cerevisiae-ensieme betrokke by estermetabolisme, naamlik Atfl p, Atf2p, Ehtlp, Iahlp en Tiplp. Die gene was ooruitgedruk in 'n laboratoriurnras van S. cerevisiae, BY4742, asook in 'n kommersïele wyngisras, VIN13. Tafelwyne en basiswyne vir distillasie is gemaak met die getransformeerde VIN13-rasse. Die esterkonsentrasies en aromaprofiele van die wyne en distillate is ontleed en vergelyk. Die data het gewys dat die ooruitdrukking van ATFI- en ATF2-gene 'n verhoging in etielasetaat, isoamielasetaat, 2-fenieletielasetaat en etielkaproaat veroorsaak het, terwyl ooruitdrukking van !AHI 'n betekenisvolle afname in etielasetaat-, isoamielasetaat-, heksielasetaat- en 2-fenieletielasetaat-konsentrasies veroorsaak het. Die ooruitdrukking van EHTI het 'n duidelike verhoging in etielkaproaat, etielkaprilaat en etielkapraat veroorsaak en die ooruitdrukking van TIPIhet geen van die esterkonsentrasies verander nie. In die meeste gevalle was daar nie 'n korrelasie tussen die toename in esters en afname in hoër alkohole nie. Die data stelook voor dat die gis 'n balans tussen die verskillende esters handhaaf deur middel van die alkoholasetieltrasferases en esterases, en in sommige gevalle blyk dit dat die ensieme dieselfde funksies het en/of mekaar se aktiwiteit beïnvloed. In die tweede gedeelte van die resultate is die oorsake van delesie en ooruitdrukking van twee gene, BAT1 en BAT2, wat kodeer vir transaminases wat tot hoër alkohol metabolisme bydra, bestudeer. Die gene is uitgeslaan in S. cerevisiae BY4742 en ooruitgedruk in BY4742 en in die wyngisras VIN13. Die effekte van hierdie modifikasies op die algemene fisiologie van die verskillende gisrasse en op hoëralkoholmetabolisme is onder 'n verskeidenheid kondisies bestudeer, naamlik aërobies en anaërobiese groeikondisies, in die teenwoordigheid van glukose of raffinose as die enigste koolstofbron, asook in die teenwoordigheid van 'n verskeidenheid konsentrasies aminosure. Tafelwyne en basiswyne vir distillasie is gemaak met die gemodifiseerde industrïele rasse en die konsentrasies van die hoër alkohole en aromaprofiele van die wyne en distillate is ontleed en vergelyk. Bat1-delesie was dodelik onder die kondisies, daarom is slegs die batlts-tes tesame met die BAT1 en BAT2 wat in die rasse ooruitgedruk is, bestudeer. Die modifikasies het nie 'n beduidende effek op die algemene fisiologie van die rasse getoon nie. Die data het wel getoon dat die ooruitdrukking van BAT1 'n verhoging in isoamielalkohol- en isoamielasetaatkonsentrasies, en tot 'n mindere mate isobutielalkohol- en isobottersuur-konsentrasies, veroorsaak het. Die ooruitdrukking van BAT2 het 'n beduidende toename in isobutanol-, isobottersuur- en propioonsuurkonsentrasies en 'n kleinere toename in propanol- en isovaleriaansuur veroorsaak. Die ooruitdrukking van BAT2 het ook gelei tot 'n afname in isoamielalkohol- en isoamielasetaatkonsentrasies. Sensoriese analises het getoon dat die wyne en distillate wat geproduseer is met die rasse waarin die BAT1 en BAT2 gene ooruitgedruk is meer vrugtige eienskappe (perske- en appelkoos-aromas) getoon het as die wyne wat deur die wildetipe rasse geproduseer is. Die studie lewer nuwe vooruitsigte vir die ontwikkeling van wyngiste met geoptimiseerde ester en hoër alkohol produserende eienskappe wat die wynmakers in staat kan stelom wyne te produseer met gedefinieerde spesifikasies en style en 'n voorafbepaalde aromaprofiel.
Nguyen, Thu K. T. "Modelling of the adsorption kinetics of flavour esters on granular activated carbon /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17690.pdf.
Full textGonzalez-Robles, Ivonne-Wendolyne. "Flavour interactions between the 'estery' and 'mature/woody' characters of whisky, bourbon & tequila." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52370/.
Full textMoreover, it concludes that the sensory perception of woody/mature generally suppresses the fresh estery characteristic of new make spirits, even though analytically the esters are still there in similar concentrations. wledge of the chemical and sensory changes that accompany spirit maturation and has highlighted some of the factors that cause differences in mature character across spirit types. Moreover, it concludes that the sensory perception of woody/mature generally suppresses the fresh estery characteristic of new make spirits, even though analytically the esters are still there in similar concentrations.
Hignett, Jason Satch. "The deletion and overexpression of two esterase genes, IAH1 and TIP1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine their effects on the aroma and flavour of wine and brandy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53094.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: No single chemical constituent can be accredited with giving wine and brandy their overall aroma and flavour. The aroma and flavour of wine and brandy are rather attributed to a number of chemical constituents reacting together and it is these reactions that give the beverage its character. Certain chemicals within wine and brandy do, however, make larger contributions to the flavour. These include the esters, terpenes and volatile acids, although others also exist. Esters are a large group of volatile compounds with variable aroma and flavour characteristics, including banana-like (isoamyl acetate), apple-like (ethyl caproate) and chemical/solvent-like (ethyl acetate). Esters are produced as secondary metabolites during the conversion of sugar to ethanol and are formed when an alcohol binds with a fatty acid. Chemically, ester metabolism is well documented and understood; however, much work still needs to be done on a genetic level. The yeast strain used during fermentation is one of the most important factors contributing to the type and quantity of esters produced. This is due to differences in genetic makeup. The metabolism of esters is controlled largely on a genetic level, with numerous genes being involved. The alcohol acetyltransferase genes are involved in ester anabolism, whilst esterase genes are involved in ester catabolism. Esterases have a negative effect on the overall level of esters within an alcoholic beverage, as they are capable of reducing the number of esters and are thus capable of altering the beverage's aroma and flavour profile. The IAH1 and the TIP1 gene products are believed to encode for two such esterases. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of the IAH1 and TIP1 genes to the level of esters in both wine and brandy. This was accomplished by using two approaches. Firstly, the above genes were disrupted using a polymerise chain reaction (PCR)-generated disruption cassette homologous to either the IAH1 or the TIP1 gene. These cassettes were integrated into the industrial wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain VIN13. The integrations were verified by Southern blot analysis to produce yeasts VIN13-~IAH1 and VIN13-~TIP1; however, only a single copy of each was disrupted. Secondly, the IAH1 and the TIP1 genes were cloned from S. cerevisiae using PCR into plasmid pj between the phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK1) promoter and terminator, producing plasmids pJ-IOE1 and pJ-TOE1. The PGK1 promoter has previously been shown to constitutively express genes at high levels. These new constructs were then used as template for PCR to produce two overexpression cassettes, one for IAH1 and the other for TlP1. These cassettes were integrated into S. cerevisiae VIN13 and verified by Southern blot analysis to produce strains VIN13-IOE1 and VIN13-TOE1. The above yeast strains including VIN13 were used for the production of wines and base wines from Colombard must. Reverse-transcriptase (RT-PCR) confirmed that the VIN13-IOE1 and VIN13-TOE1 strains overexpressed the appropriate gene at a higher level than the control VIN13 strain. The VIN13-AIAH1 disrupted strain showed no difference in expression level to that of the control strain, whilst VIN13-ATIP1 showed lower levels of expression than that of the control strain. VIN13-IOE1 behaved as expected, with a decrease of between 30% and 60% in the total ester level in the wine and base wine respectively, a 30% decrease in the total acid level and no change in the higher alcohol level. The VIN13-AIAH1 strain showed no difference to the control wine, most likely as this strain still expressed the IAH1 gene at levels consistent with the control strain. VIN13-TOE1 behaved in an unexpected manner - instead of hydrolysing esters, it appeared to produce them. This increase in the total ester level was most noticeable during distillation, when a 20% increase took place. Another unexpected occurrence was a large decline in the total acid level, with acetic acid being the most significant contributor, decreasing by up to 78%. This is a very favourable finding, as acetic acid is a known spoilage molecule and is a cause of sluggish/stuck fermentations. VIN13-ATIP1 behaved in an opposite manner to VIN13-TOE1, with higher total acid levels and slightly decreased total ester levels, especially during distillation. Neither affected the total higher alcohol levels. Sensorially, the only significant difference in the wine samples was for the fruity flavour. A panel of judges distinguished that VIN13-TOE1 was fruitier than the other wines, with VIN13-ATIP1 being the least fruity. This study again proves the significant impact that a single gene can have on the chemical makeup of wine and brandy. The relatively simple genetic alteration of an organism can drastically change and improve not only the organoleptic properties of the organism, but its viability as well. These alterations can produce more favourable organisms with more desirable characteristics for the fermenting beverage industry to produce products of higher quality and better suitability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen chemiese komponent kan uitgesonderword as die produseerder van aroma en geur in wyn of brandewyn nie. Die aroma en geur van wyn en brandewyn word eerder toegeskryf aan die interaksie tussen 'n groot aantal chemiese komponente om aan die drank sy karakter te gee. Enkele van hierdie chemiese komponente sluit in esters, terpene en vlugtige sure, om maar 'n paar te noem. Esters is "n groot groep van vlugtige verbindings wat beskik oor 'n verskeidenheid van aroma- en geurkenmerke, soos piesangagtig (isoamielasetaat), appelagtig (etielkaproaat) en chemies/oplosmiddelagtig (etielasetaat). Esters word as sekondêre metaboliete geproduseer wanneer suikers na etanolomgeskakel word en word gevorm wanneer "n alkohol met "n vetsuur verbind. Estermetabolisme is chemies goed beskryf en verstaan, maar op "n genetiese vlak is daar nog heelwat aspekte wat nagevors moet word. Die gisras betrokke gedurende fermentasie word beskou as een van die grootse bydraes tot die tipe en die hoeveelheid esters wat geproduseer word. Dit word toegeskryf aan verskille in die genetiese saamestelling van die gisras. Ester metabolisme word grootliks deur genetiese faktore beheer en verskeie gene is betrokke. Dit is hoofsaaklik die alkoholasetieltransferasegene wat vir esterkatabolisme verantwoordelik is, terwyl die esterasegene vir esteranabolisme verantwoordelik is. Esterases het 'n negatiewe effek op die totale estervlak binne alkoholiese dranke deurdat hulle in staat is om die aantal esters drasties te verminder en sodoende die drank se aroma- en geurprofiel te verander. Daar is voorgestel dat die IAH1- en die TlP1-geen produkte is wat vir twee sulke esterases kodeer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die IAH1- en die TIP1-gene se bydrae tot die totale estervlak in wyn en brandewyn te ondersoek. Dit is deur twee benaderings uitgevoer. Eerstens is die bogenoemde gene d.m.V. disrupsiekassette wat homoloog aan die IAH1- of die TlP1-gene was, uitgeslaan. Die disrupsiekassette is deur die polimerasekettingreaksie (PKR) geproduseer. Hierdie kassette is in die industriële wyngis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIN13, geïntegreer. Die integrasies is deur Southernkladanalise bevestig en het die giste VIN13-~IAH1 en VIN13-~TIP1 gelewer. Net 'n enkele kopie van elke geen is egter uitgeslaan. Tweedens is die IAH1- en TIP1-gene d.m.V. PKR vanaf S. cerevisiae binne in plasmied pJ gekloneer, tussen die fosfogliseraatkinasegeen (PGK1) se promotor en termineerder, om plasmiede pJ-IOE1 en pJ-TOE1 te produseer. Die PGK1-promotor is al tevore geïdentifiseer as "n hoë-vlak konstitutiewe uitdrukker van gene. Hierdie twee nuwe konstrukte het vervolgens gedien as templaat vir PKR om twee ooruitdrukkingskassette, een vir IAH1 en die ander vir TIP1, te produseer. Hierdie kassette is in S. cerevisiae VIN13 geïntegreer en bevestig deur Southernkladanalise. Hierdie integrasies het die giste VIN13-IOE1 en VIN13-TOE1 geproduseer. All die nuwe gisrasse, tesame met VIN13, is gebruik vir die produksie van wyne sowel as rebatwyne vanaf Colombard-mos. Omgekeerde-transkriptase polimerasekettingreaksie (OT-PKR) het bewys dat die VIN13-IOE1 en VIN13-TOE1 rasse die geskikte geen ooruitgedruk het, met hoêr vlakke as van die kontrole VIN13-ras. Dit het ook aangedui dat die VIN13-i\IAH1-ras, waarvan die geen uitgeslaan was, geen verskil in uitdrukking gehad het in vergelyking met die kontroleras nie, terwyl VIN13-i\TIP1 'n lae uitdrukkingsvlak getoon het. VIN13-IOE1 het teen verwagting opgetree, met 'n afname van tussen 30% en 60% in die totale estervlak in beide die wyne en rebatwyne. 'n Afname van 30% in die totale suurvlak, asook geen waarneembare verskil in die hoêr alkoholvlak, in vergelyking met die kontroleras, is ook opgemerk. Die VIN13-i\IAH1-ras het glad nie van die kontroleras verskil nie, heel waarskynlik omdat hierdie ras die IAH1-geen teen dieselfde vlak as die kontroleras kon uitdruk. Die VIN13-TOE1-ras het teen verwagting opgetree deurdat dit esters geproduseer het i.p.v. om esters te hidroliseer. Hierdie toename in die totale estervlak is die meeste waarneembaar tydens distillasie, met tot 'n 20% toename. Nog 'n onverwagte effek was die groot afname in die totale suurvlak. met asynsuur wat die betekenisvolste bydrae gelewer het deurdat dit 'n afname van tot 78% getoon het. Hierdie bevinding is baie voordelig, aangesien asynsuur, 'n bekende bederfmolekuul, veral vir slepende/gestaakte fermentasies verantwoordelik is. VIN13-i\TIP1 het op die teenoorgestelde wyse opgetree as VIN13-TOE1, met 'n hoêr totale suurvlak en 'n klein afname in die totale estervlak. Weereens is dit meer gedurende distillasie waargeneem. Beide rasse het egter geen effek op die hoêr alkoholvlak gehad nie. Die proepaneel het, met betrekking tot die vrugtige geur, een betekenisvolle geurverskil tussen die wyne gevind. VIN13-TOE1 was meer vrugtig as al die ander wyne en VIN13-i\TIP1 was die minste vrugtig. Die studie het weereens bewys dat 'n enkele geen 'n betekenisvolle effek op die chemiese samestelling van wyn en brandewyn kan hê. Die relatief eenvoudige genetiese verandering van 'n organisme kan die organoleptiese eienskappe asook die lewensvatbaarheid van "n organisme, drasties verander en verbeter.
Moumeni, Lynda. "Arômes fermentaires : paramètres et cinétiques de production en conditions oenologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT039G.
Full textPineau, Bénédicte. "Contribution à l'étude de l'arôme fruité spécifique des vins rouges de Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Merlot noir et Cabernet-Sauvignon." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21484.
Full textGammacurta, Marine. "Approches sensorielle et analytique de l'arôme fruité des vins rouges : infuence relative des levures et des bactéries lactiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0353/document.
Full textAlcoholic (AF) and malolactic (MLF) fermentations are important steps in red winemaking for the revelation of wine fruity aroma. To investigate the relative importance of fermentative microorganisms, we studied the influence of six yeasts/lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combination - three yeast strains, two LAB - on Bordeaux red wines fruity notes modulation. A first analytical approach showed the predominant influence of yeast strain on the concentration of more than 70 potential fruity note markers. Special study of esters showed a yeast strain effect since the end of FA that persists over time, despite MLF and changes caused by wine aging. Sensory studies also highlighted the major influence of yeasts on red wines fruity aroma modulations at different aging steps. Nevertheless, results suggested the role of other aromatic compounds in fruity note modulation, not quantified in the first part of this study. The study of fractions made by HPLC with wine organic extracts enables the identification of an interested fraction involved in aromatic variations related to the yeast strain. Analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography has not allowed identifying compounds involved in these organoleptic variations. However, we highlighted a thiophenone that could act as a mask of fruity aroma and a hydroxylated ester that could be an interesting marker of bacterial activity. Its role as enhancer of fruity esters aroma is also considered
Antalick, Guillaume. "Bilan biochimique et sensoriel des modifications de la note fruitée des vins rouges lors de la fermentation malolactique : rôle particulier des esters." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21792/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the fruity aroma of red wines. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) modify wine composition but there is no consensus concerning this aromatic group specifically. In opposition to empirical ideas on MLF, this work has demonstrated the absence, in short-term, of a “lactic-mask” although this kind of olfactory interaction may still occur in a later stage of wine development. Nevertheless, the existence of a smoked/toasted reduction-like mask note was proved. Its characterization has not been done in this work. The survey of the main fruity markers of wine (70 compounds) was made possible by the development of several gas chromatography coupled with solid-phase microextraction analytical methods (esters, C13-norisoprenoids, lactones, thiols). In particular, the creation of an “ester database” (32 compounds) has improved the detection of variations during LAB development in terms of analysis robustness. In fact, changes on esters contents are proved to be responsible for a major part of fruity notes evolution during MLF. Initially, this fermentation allows both synthesis and hydrolysis of esters as a consequence of esterase activity. Moreover, it promotes late-production of ethylic esters through the catabolism of certain aminoacids. Esterases specificity towards nature and size of the esters carbon chain is pointed out along with substrates availability, partially related to yeast activity.The study of the influence of both LAB strains and yeast/bacteria co-inoculation has confirmed microorganisms interactions and wine matrix composition to be of the great importance
Cameleyre, Margaux. "Contribution à l’étude de l’expression aromatique fruitée des vins rouges : Importance du niveau pré-sensoriel dans les interactions perceptives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0947/document.
Full textA lot of studies highlighted the perceptual role of esters in fruity aromatic expression of red wines, demonstrating that at least partially it was due to perceptive interactions. Indeed, a lot of synergistic and masking effects have been brought to light in the past. However, the origin of these interactions remains unknown, although some authors suggested several levels where they can take place. In this goal, an analytical tool was developed to study the possible occurrence of esters volatility modifications. The application of this tool allowed determining partition coefficients of 9 esters in dilute alcohol solution and in dearomatized red wine. Thanks to perceptive interactions previously demonstrated by various authors, the application of this analytical tool highlighted modifications of esters volatility when compounds were mixed together in the solution. These modifications support the observations made with sensory analysis, indicating the existence of pre-sensorial effects. The use of a new tool consisting in a tasting glass with 2 compartments, reveals that these volatility changes may led to true sensorial modifications. Masking effect of fruity aroma due to 5 higher alcohols but also 15 wood by-products was highlighted using various aromatic reconstitutions. Esters partition coefficients calculation showed volatility modifications from the matrix to the gas phase. These data may be correlated with sensorial analysis results. Thus, it is possible to explain, at least partially, fruity aroma masking effect highlighted through detection threshold and sensory profile thanks to decrease in esters presence in headspace, and so a decline of taster’s olfactory stimulation. To conclude, our work showed that the mixture of volatile compounds in solution may result in modification of molecules volatility, and furthermore highlighted that these pre-sensorial interactions may impact fruity aromatic expression related to esters
Books on the topic "Flavor ester"
Que Hacen Los Malditos Flacos Para Estar Flacos. Grupo Bolio Editores, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Flavor ester"
Verma, Madan L. "Biotechnological Applications of Lipases in Flavour and Fragrance Ester Production." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 1–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_1.
Full textMouret, Jean-Roch, Pamela Nicolle, Sumallika Morakul, Evelyne Aguera, M. Perez, Violaine Athes, and Jean-Marie Sablayrolles. "Interest in Online Higher Alcohol and Ester Determinations during Winemaking Fermentations." In Flavour Science, 665–69. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398549-1.00122-7.
Full textWyllie, S. Grant, D. N. Leach, H. N. Nonhebel, and I. Lusunzi. "BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS FOR THE FORMATION OF ESTERS IN RIPENING FRUIT." In Flavour Science, 52–57. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698232.1.52.
Full textGürbüz, Ozan, June Rouseff, and Russell L. Rouseff. "Comparison of Muscadine Ester Volatiles Profiles of Wines Produced Using Pectinase Pre-Treatment and Traditional Methods." In Flavour Science, 429–33. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398549-1.00080-5.
Full textZhang, Ling, Jinkun Liu, Yanqing Duan, Wei Zhe, Yingliang Zhao, Toshiki Miyazaki, and Chao Li. "Preparation and Performance Research of Baking-Carbonized Functional Flavors/Konjac Glucomannan Porous Composite Membrane." In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Smart Manufacturing and Material Processing (SMMP2022). IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220818.
Full textSwiegers, Jan H., Robyn Willmott, Alana Hill-Ling, Dimitra L. Capone, Kevin H. Pardon, Gordon M. Elsey, Kate S. Howell, et al. "Modulation of volatile thiol and ester aromas by modified wine yeast." In Flavour Science - Recent Advances and Trends, 113–16. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4501(06)80027-0.
Full textZamorska, Iryna. "Volatile Components of Strawberries." In Strawberries [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104213.
Full textDalton, David R. "A Selection of Grapes." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0024.
Full text"Crop-to-cask – Production of New Make Spirit." In The Science and Commerce of Whisky, 99–142. 2nd ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015387-00099.
Full textValéria França de, Souza, Oliveira Nandara Gabriela Mendonça, Ferreira Rafael Henrique de Almeida, Oliveira Alyne Alves Nunes, and Ascheri José Luís Ramirez. "PERFIL SENSORIAL E AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICA DE COOKIES COM FARINHA MISTA EXTRUDADA DE CASCAS E ALBEDO DE MARACUJÁ E ARROZ." In CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: DO CAMPO À MESA, 518–35. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-00-3.v.2.518-535.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Flavor ester"
Cucatti Corradini, Maria Carolina, and Adriano Aguiar Mendes. "OPTIMIZATION OF ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF FLAVOR ESTER – EFFECT OF THE SUPPORT ON THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF THE BIOCATALYSTS." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-33467.
Full textGarlapati, Vijay Kumar, Pandu Ranga Vundavilli, and Rintu Banerjee. "Optimization of flavour ester production through artificial bee colony algorithm: ABC optimization approach for flavour ester production." In 2017 Fourth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciip.2017.8313694.
Full textMONTEIRO, R. R. C., M. R. C. FEITOSA, K. S. MOREIRA, J. C. S. SANTOS, and M. C. M. SOUZA. "REUSE OF CANDIDA ANTARTICA LIPASE B IMMOBILIZED ONTO IRON MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR SYNTHESIS OF FLAVOR ESTERS." In XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/cobeq2018-pt.0916.
Full textGarlapati, Vijay Kumar, Pandu Ranga Vundavilli, and Rintu Banerjee. "Integration of RSM model for optimization of immobilized lipase mediated solvent-free synthesis of flavour ester by genetic algorithm." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciip.2011.6108936.
Full textMerlin, Everton, and Wendson Cleber Cardoso Cruz. "TESTE DA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DO TOMILHO (Thymus vulgaris)." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/799.
Full textAbreu, Luciana De Paiva Santos, Carlos Eduardo De Souza Teodoro, and Ana Paula Martinazzo. "ATIVIDADE ANTIFÚNGICA IN VITRO DO SOBRENADANTE DA BACTÉRIA BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS SOBRE O FUNGO ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1300.
Full textKlein, Pedro, Alexandre Franco, and Márcio Pinho. "Método para Segmentação Automática de Lesões de Esclerose Múltipla em exames FLAIR." In ncipais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas.2015.10385.
Full textHernandez, Ernesto, and Rob Reintjes. "Recent developments on thin film and short path evaporation technologies for edible oils processing." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/zlex8082.
Full textSilva, Maria Carolina Raiol da, and Daniel Vitor Da Silva Monteiro. "ATIVIDADES ANTIMICROBIANAS E ANTIFUNGICAS DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE ALECRIM (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1210.
Full textLira, Regiane Kessias de Sousa, Rochele Tito Zardini, Ivaldo Itabaiana Júnior, and Selma Ferreira Gomes. "BIOPRODUÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS DE AROMA POR TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM E GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM ATRAVÉS DA FERMENTAÇÃO EM ESTADO SÓLIDO DA BORRA DE CAFÉ." In I Congresso de Engenharia de Biotecnologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1379.
Full textReports on the topic "Flavor ester"
Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.
Full textDudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky, and David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.
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