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Vendel, Ana Lúcia, Sabine Granado Lopes, César Santos, and Henry Louis Spach. "Fish assemblages in a tidal flat." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 2 (March 2003): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000200015.
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Studies were carried out on fish assemblages in a tidal flat. Samples were obtained monthly at low tide of the half moon in the tidal flat of Paranaguá Bay, Brazil, with two seine nets, one with a 1 mm mesh, 30 m in length and 3 m in height and another with a 10 mm mesh, 65 m in length and 2 m in height. A total of 8,890 fish were captured, comprising 24 families and 53 species. The most abundant species were Harengula clupeola and Atherinella brasiliensis, which represented 63.4% of the total, capture. A seasonal tendency was observed in the abundance of fishes, with less fishes being captured during winter and part of spring. The number of species showed a seasonal pattern, with the gradual decrease through winter and a marked increase in summer. The community structure index indicated seasonal changes in the assemblage. The faunistic similarities between months separated the 12 months into four major groups. The seasonal pattern was apparent in the numerically dominant species and the Cluster Analysis revealed five main groups.
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Valiñas, Macarena, Eduardo M. Acha, and Oscar Iribarne. "Habitat use and feeding habits of juvenile fishes in an infrequently flooded Atlantic saltmarsh." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 10 (2010): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09109.
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In saltmarshes, marsh creeks provide an important corridor between the marsh and the subtidal habitat for fishes. We compare fish and prey in a Spartina densiflora marsh creek with a tidal flat in the SW Atlantic (Argentina) to evaluate the hypotheses that: (1) benthic prey abundance is higher in the marsh creek, and therefore the abundance of benthivorous fishes and predation pressure on benthos is higher in this area; and (2) marsh creeks act as refuge areas for fishes. Fish abundance and benthic prey availability were sampled over four seasons, and dietary composition of Odontesthes argentinensis and Micropogonias furnieri was assessed. Brevoortia aurea was more abundant in the marsh creek, Micropogonias furnieri showed the opposite pattern, and Odontesthes argentinensis and Ramnogaster arcuata did not dominate either habitat. As expected, smaller fishes were more abundant in the marsh creek. Food abundance was higher in the marsh creek but only M. furnieri consumed more prey in this area, while O. argentinensis consumed more in the tidal flat. Differences in prey accessibility and sediment features between areas could explain these results. This work highlights the importance of marsh creeks as refuge and/or feeding grounds for fishes in infrequently flooded saltmarshes.
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Kunishima, Taiga, and Katsunori Tachihara. "What ecological role do soft-substrate tide pools play for fishes? Difference in community structures between estuarine and coastal tidal flats in subtropical Japan." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 7 (2020): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19019.
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Soft-substrate tide pools are considered important habitats for fishes from an ecological perspective. However, the ecological roles of such pools and use patterns by fish remain unclear, especially regarding differences between estuarine and coastal tidal flats. In this study, quantitative sampling using the quadrat method was performed in the estuarine and coastal tidal flats on Okinawa-jima Island of subtropical Japan during four seasons. Ecological roles of soft-substrate tide pools were classified as follows: (1) permanent habitat for residents; (2) nursery ground for transients; and (3) waiting area until high tide for accidental species. Within these classifications, the ecological role and value of tide pools for transient fishes varied between the tidal flat types. The habitat value of tide pools is higher for residents than for transient species because the habitat is not replaceable for residents because of their specific ability to survive there. By contrast, transient and accidental species use the tide pools as temporary habitats; however, their high diversity affects the variation in community structure on Okinawa-jima Island. Our results suggest that we should consider not only species diversity, but also habitat use patterns of individual species, together with their life history, when evaluating habitat value with regard to conservation and management of each tidal flat.
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Yu, Fei, Jia Yuan Wang, and Li Quan Xie. "Hydrodynamic Characteristics in Ecological Arc-Shaped Baffle Fishway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.1119.
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Fishways are hydraulic structures allowing fishes upstream migration through engineering constructions in the rivers. The Denil type has a wide application and the main components are flat baffles. In this paper, we present a new type of baffle (arc-shaped baffle) to ameliorate the hydrodynamic characteristics in the fishway. The main improvement of arc-shaped baffle fishway is the alteration that the flat baffles are replaced by arc-baffles. In order to investigate the influence of water flow on migratory fish in the arc-baffle fishway, model tests were conducted. Based on the experimental results, the conclusion can be reached that hydrodynamic characteristics in arc-shaped baffle fishways are steadier than that in traditional Denil fishways, which makes fishes ascend easily.
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Goatley, Christopher H. R., and David R. Bellwood. "Sediment suppresses herbivory across a coral reef depth gradient." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (October 24, 2012): 1016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0770.
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Sediments are a ubiquitous feature of all coral reefs, yet our understanding of how they affect complex ecological processes on coral reefs is limited. Sediment in algal turfs has been shown to suppress herbivory by coral reef fishes on high-sediment, low-herbivory reef flats. Here, we investigate the role of sediment in suppressing herbivory across a depth gradient (reef base, crest and flat) by observing fish feeding following benthic sediment reductions. We found that sediment suppresses herbivory across all reef zones. Even slight reductions on the reef crest, which has 35 times less sediment than the reef flat, resulted in over 1800 more herbivore bites (h −1 m −2 ). The Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes) were responsible for over 80 per cent of all bites observed, and on the reef crest and flat took over 1500 more bites (h −1 m −2 ) when sediment load was reduced. These findings highlight the role of natural sediment loads in shaping coral reef herbivory and suggest that changes in benthic sediment loads could directly impair reef resilience.
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Steinke, Dirk, Robert Hanner, and Paul D. N. Hebert. "Rapid high-quality imaging of fishes using a flat-bed scanner." Ichthyological Research 56, no. 2 (October 8, 2008): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-008-0068-8.
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Priatna, Asep, and Mohammad Natsir. "POLA SEBARAN IKAN PADA MUSIM BARAT DAN PERALIHAN DI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 14, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.14.1.2008.67-76.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perbedaan pola sebaran ikan pada musim barat dan peralihan di perairan utara Semarang sampai dengan Brebes, berdasarkan pada pengambilan contoh akustik dan oseanografi pada bulan Desember 2005 dan Mei 2006. Hasil menunjukkan secara spasial, pada musim barat di perairan utara Semarang sampai dengan Brebes kepadatan ikan pelagis lebih besar di daerah yang lebih dangkal yaitu sebelah selatan pada kedalaman <40 m, semakin ke tengah kepadatan semakin berkurang. Dilihat dari nilai target strength yang terdeteksi yaitu antara -60 sampai dengan -50 dB bahkan didominasi oleh ikan -60 sampai dengan -55 dB, sasaran merupakan ikan pelagis kecil yang rata-rata mempunyai ukuran 4 sampai dengan 12,5 cm. Pada musim peralihan sebaran kepadatan ikan pelagis kecil cenderung lebih merata dengan jumlah yang lebih rendah daripada jumlah ikan pada musim barat. Faktor pergerakan arah arus dan keberadaan sumber makanan yang lebih besar pada musim barat diduga merupakan penyebab perbedaan tersebut. Ikan pelagis kecil pada musim peralihan berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan ketika musim barat, dengan nilai target strength yang terdeteksi antara -60 sampai dengan -45 dB atau sekitar 4 sampai dengan 22 cm dan didominasi oleh ikan yang berukuran -55 sampai dengan -50 dB atau sekitar 7 sampai dengan 12,5 cm. Sebaran kepadatan Ikan demersal hampir merata pada ke-2 musim tersebut, pada musim peralihan kepadatan lebih rendah daripada musim barat. Ikan demersal pada musim barat terdiri atas ikan berukuran kecil (-55 sampai dengan -50 dB) atau sekitar 7 sampai dengan 12,5 cm terutama di daerah pada kedalaman <40 m, semakin ke tengah ukuran semakin besar yaitu antara -50 sampai dengan -45 dB atau sekitar 12,5 sampai dengan 22 cm. Pada musim peralihan, ikan demersal dengan target strength -55 sampai dengan -50 dB terdapat di kedalaman <40 m. Ikan demersal dengan ukuran -50 sampai dengan -45 dB mendominasi periode ini. Pada kedalaman >45 m terdeteksi ikan -45 sampai dengan -35 dB yang berkisar 22 sampai dengan 70 cm. The aim of this study is to understood the difference of fish pattern distributions at North West and intermonsoon in North of Central Java waters, based on acoustic and oceanography sampling in December 2005 and May 2006. At North West monsoon, the density of pelagic fishes was more gathering in narrower areas <40 m, and low fish density was going to middle areas. Seen from target strength the value was detected about -60 to -50 dB and it was dominated by fishes -60 to -55 dB, the targets for small pelagic fishes are about 4 to 12,5 cm. At the intermonsoon, distribution of small pelagic fishes density tends to be flat, but fish density at this time was the lower than North West monsoon. The higly current direction and food source factor at North West monsoon may cause this difference. The size of small pelagic fishes at the intermonsoon was bigger than fishes at North West monsoon, which target strength value was detected about -60 to -45 dB or 4 to 22 cm and dominated by fishes -55 to -50 dB of about 7 to 12,5 cm. The density distribution of demersal fishes almost flat at both monsoon. How ever at intermonsoon, the demersal fishes density was lower than that at North and West season. Demersal fishes at North West monsoon consisted of small fishes (-55 to -50 dB) with size of about 7 to 12,5 cm especially in narrow areas <40 m, and fish sizes the larger (-50 to -45 dB or 12,5 to 22 cm) were going to the middle areas. At intermonsoon, there were demersal fishes with target strength -55 to -50 dB at <40 m. Demersal fishes with target strength -55 to -50 dB were dominant at this time. At areas >45 m it was detected fishes of -45 to -35 dB target strength of about 22 to 70 cm.
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Kim, S. T., E. R. Ivshina, and N. K. Zavarzina. "Современное состояние сырьевых ресурсов рыб в северо-восточной части Японского моря." Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-70-84.
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The commercial fish resourses in West Sakhalin waters demonstrated significant growth in the 2010s. It has been confirmed by results of trawling and egg assessment surveys as well as by the dynamics of length-age characteristics of walleye pollack, Pacific cod, Pacific herring, Pacific capelin, and flat-fishes. The important factor of the present fish resourses growing appears the favorable warming of their environment in the course of long-term periodical climate-oceanology fluctuations.
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Dadswell, Michael J., Aaron D. Spares, Erica Porter, and Darren Porter. "Diversity, abundance and size structure of fishes and invertebrates captured by an intertidal fishing weir at Bramber, Minas Basin, Nova Scotia." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 50, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v50i2.10003.
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Capturing fish using a weir or trap on the intertidal flats of the Bay of Fundy was developed by native Mi’kamaq who later taught the method to the European settlers. Between 1800-1910 fish weirs were a significant part of the important American shad fishery in the inner Bay of Fundy before the collapse of the northwest Atlantic population from pollution and damming of major spawning rivers in the United States. Weirs remain an important segment of the Minas Basin fisheries but now the largest commercial catches consist of Atlantic herring, gaspereau and flounders. Studies on the fishes captured in Minas Basin weirs were published in 1852, 1924, 1984 and 2014, but all lacked a sampling intensity which would fully describe the diversity, abundance and size structure of the catch. An intertidal weir at Bramber, Minas Basin was surveyed during April-July, 2017 where catches were examined at each low tide. The weir was constructed on the intertidal flat during early April after Minas Basin cleared of drift ice. During the study period mean daily tide range was 10.46 m with a maximum spring tide range of 13.72 m. A total of eight neap and eight spring tide cycles were observed. Daily water temperature of Minas Basin was 8.0 C° during late May and increased to a maximum of 21.4 C° in late July. Fish and invertebrate collections began on April 10 and continued daily until July 22 when water temperatures in the trap became too warm for by-catch species to survive (+25 C°). During the study period an estimated total of 674,402 fishes consisting of 45 species were captured and of these 57,950 were measured. The most abundant fishes observed were gaspereau (alewife and blueback herring 51.9%), rainbow smelt (13.9%), Atlantic herring (13.0%) and tomcod (10.1%). Other commonly captured fishes were American shad, skate (little and winter), winter flounder, windowpane flounder, striped bass, mackerel and Atlantic sturgeon. A total of 18,511 invertebrates were captured and counted. The most abundant were long-fin squid (13.8%) and crustaceans (rock crab, lady crab; 84.0%). Keywords: Bay of Fundy; Canada; Clupeidae; commercial fishing; temperatures; tides
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Sazima, Ivan, Alice Grossman, and Cristina Sazima. "Hawksbill turtles visit moustached barbers: cleaning symbiosis between eretmochelys imbricata and the shrimp stenopus hispidus." Biota Neotropica 4, no. 1 (2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032004000100011.
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This seems to be the first record of cleaning symbiosis between marine turtles and shrimps. During their foraging on the reef flat, the turtles regularly visited and posed at the stations. The same stations were visited by a few species of reef fishes, which posed and were cleaned by the shrimps. We suggest that cleaning symbiosis between turtles and shrimps is widespread and went unrecognised due to the superficial resemblance between a resting turtle and a posing and cleaned one. Additionally, we submit a putative origin for the cleaning symbiosis between marine turtles and cleaner shrimps following a few simple behavioural steps.
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Heupel, M. R., and M. B. Bennett. "Observations on the diet and feeding habits of the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre), on Heron Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 7 (1998): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97026.
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The diet and feeding habits of the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum, were investigated through stomach content analysis. Five groups of prey items were found. The index of relative importance showed worms and crabs to be of greatest value at 51.3% and 40.1% respectively. The three minor prey groups were shrimps (7.7%), small fishes (0.7%) and amphipods (0.3%). Epaulette sharks tend to be crepuscular, although feeding bouts may occur at any time. They appear to be opportunistic predators, using olfaction and electroreception in prey capture. This species appears to be an important benthic predator in the reef flat environment on Heron Island Reef.
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Stimson, J. "Consumption by herbivorous fishes of macroalgae exported from coral reef flat refuges to the reef slope." Marine Ecology Progress Series 472 (January 9, 2013): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10020.
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Greenberg, L. A., and P. S. Giller. "The potential of flat-bed passive integrated transponder antennae for studying habitat use by stream fishes." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 9, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2000.90108.x.
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Montagne, A., O. Naim, C. Tourrand, B. Pierson, and D. Menier. "Status of Coral Reef Communities on Two Carbonate Platforms (Tun Sakaran Marine Park, East Sabah, Malaysia)." Journal of Ecosystems 2013 (October 30, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/358183.
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This study concerns three sites, located on carbonate platforms, east Sabah: Gaya West, Gaya East, and Mantabuan. At each site, the dominant coral shapes and their health were recorded (lagoons and outer slopes). Densities of echinoderms, Tridacna, and nudibranchs were recorded while fish density was estimated. Generally, the coral vitality is low (≤50% living corals). Massive corals dominate all sites, except the Gaya West-outer slope where coral coverage and diversity are the highest. On the Mantabuan-mesh reef, a diverse Acropora assemblage dominates the landscape. On the reef flat of Gaya East, monospecific circa 10 meter coral patches occur. Primary producers are scarce on all sites. Sea urchins, dominated by Diadema, are abundant on the Gaya East-reef flat and the Gaya West-mesh reef. Sea stars and holothurids are the most prevalent in Gaya West-outer slope, although they remain scarce. Crinoids are only abundant in Mantabuan. Stegastes damselfish highly characterizes the sites of Gaya East (reef flat and inner slope) and the Mantabuan-mesh reef. On the Mantabuan-outer slope, parrotfish and other fishes are plentiful. No sign of eutrophication has been detected and natural hypersedimentation and/or eventual ancient bleaching events appear to be the direct principal causes of coral death or coral degradation.
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Peach, M. B. "Rheotaxis by epaulette sharks, Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Chondrichthyes : Hemiscylliidae), on a coral reef flat." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (2002): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01081.
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Rheotaxis (orientation to water currents) is commonly observed in fishes. Facing upstream is thought to be an element of shark behaviour during prey search and station-holding, but quantitative studies of rheotaxis by sharks in the wild are lacking. In this study, rheotaxis by the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum, was investigated on a coral reef flat at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The orientation of 78 individuals in open areas (on sand or on top of coral heads, directly exposed to the prevailing current) was analysed with respect to current direction and velocity. H. ocellatum showed a significant (P < 0.05) preference for facing upstream (mean angle 1�, where the current origin was taken to be 0/360�) while resting on the substrate (n = 23), but showed no evidence of a preferred direction while swimming (n = 50). Observations of foraging were few (n = 5) but there was no indication of a preferred direction by these sharks. Resting H. ocellatum faced significantly more upstream at faster current velocities (P < 0.05), suggesting that rheotaxis may function in station-holding. There was no apparent relationship between rheotaxis and current velocity for swimming H. ocellatum.
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Mustafa, M. Golam, Amy Halimah Rajaee, Hadi Hamli, and Khairul Adha A. Rahim. "Biometric indices and population parameters of three polynemid fishes from Batang Lassa Estuary of East Malaysia." PeerJ 9 (October 15, 2021): e12183. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12183.
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The length-weight relationships (LWRs), condition factor (Kn), growth, mortality and exploitation status of three polynemid fishes, i.e., Filimanus xanthonema (Valenciennes, 1831), Polynemus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1831) and Polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Batang Lassa River estuary were estimated. Fish samples were caught during April 2019 to September 2020 using the ESBN (locally called Gnian) having 1.25 to 4.00 cm mesh size. The total length (TL) and body weight of each individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g respectively. The growth coefficients (b) for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus, were 2.880, 2.717 and 2.724 with the R2 values 0.956, 0.972 and 0.936 respectively. Estimated growth coefficients indicated a negative allometric growth pattern for all three threadfin fishes. To date, information regarding length-weight relationships for F. xanthonema and P. melanochir is insufficient whereas the information is available for P. paradiseus. About 40–48% of fishes exhibited flat or thin body shape (Kn < 1), 48–50% were rounded or fat (Kn > 1) and only 1–3% of fishes showed proportional body shape (Kn = 1). The growth parameters L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 15.75 cm, 0.95 yr−1 and 2.37 for F. xanthonema; 27.61 cm 0.87 yr−1 and 2.82 for P. melanochir; and 27.30 cm, 0.58 yr−1 and 2.64 for P. paradiseus; respectively. The estimated natural mortality (M) included 2.10, 1.69 and 1.30 yr−1; the fishing mortality (F) 0.57, 0.67 and 0.60 yr−1; and exploitation ratio (E) 0.21, 0.28 and 0.31 for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus respectively. The study concluded that the stocks are still under exploitation (E < 0.5) condition. However, the studied Batang Lassa estuary could be a potential nursery ground considering the minimum lengths of 5.0, 3.8 and 4.0 cm for F. xanthonema, P. melanochir and P. paradiseus respectively. Therefore, management initiatives are needed to escape juvenile catches.
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THATCHER, Vernon E. "Anphira branchialis GEN. ET SP. NOV. (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) A GILL CAVITY PARASITE OF PIRANHAS (Serrasalmus SPP.) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON." Acta Amazonica 23, no. 2-3 (1993): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921993233307.
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Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the dorsal areas of the gill chambers of three species of piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). The fishes were caught in rivers near Manaus, Amazonas State and on Maracá island, Federal Territory of Roraima, Brasil. The new genus and species is characterized by having large, flat coxal plates on ail 7 pereonites. These plates usually extend beyond the margins of the following segments and the 7th ones extend nearly to the pleotelson and cover the lateral margins of the pleonites. The mandible of this species is rounded, "foot shaped" and without incisor. The mandibular palp is short and stout. The maxillules have 3 terminal and 2 subterminal spines. The pleopods are simple lamellar structures with rounded tips. Evidence is presented that these parasites feed on gill filaments.
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Diopere, Eveline, Gregory E. Maes, Hans Komen, Filip A. M. Volckaert, and Martien A. M. Groenen. "A Genetic Linkage Map of Sole (Solea solea): A Tool for Evolutionary and Comparative Analyses of Exploited (Flat)Fishes." PLoS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2014): e115040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115040.
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Asadnia, Mohsen, Ajay Giri Prakash Kottapalli, Jianmin Miao, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, and Michael S. Triantafyllou. "Artificial fish skin of self-powered micro-electromechanical systems hair cells for sensing hydrodynamic flow phenomena." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 111 (October 2015): 20150322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0322.
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Using biological sensors, aquatic animals like fishes are capable of performing impressive behaviours such as super-manoeuvrability, hydrodynamic flow ‘vision’ and object localization with a success unmatched by human-engineered technologies. Inspired by the multiple functionalities of the ubiquitous lateral-line sensors of fishes, we developed flexible and surface-mountable arrays of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) artificial hair cell flow sensors. This paper reports the development of the MEMS artificial versions of superficial and canal neuromasts and experimental characterization of their unique flow-sensing roles. Our MEMS flow sensors feature a stereolithographically fabricated polymer hair cell mounted on Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 micro-diaphragm with floating bottom electrode. Canal-inspired versions are developed by mounting a polymer canal with pores that guide external flows to the hair cells embedded in the canal. Experimental results conducted employing our MEMS artificial superficial neuromasts (SNs) demonstrated a high sensitivity and very low threshold detection limit of 22 mV/(mm s −1 ) and 8.2 µm s −1 , respectively, for an oscillating dipole stimulus vibrating at 35 Hz. Flexible arrays of such superficial sensors were demonstrated to localize an underwater dipole stimulus. Comparative experimental studies revealed a high-pass filtering nature of the canal encapsulated sensors with a cut-off frequency of 10 Hz and a flat frequency response of artificial SNs. Flexible arrays of self-powered, miniaturized, light-weight, low-cost and robust artificial lateral-line systems could enhance the capabilities of underwater vehicles.
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ZHANG, E., XIN QIANG, and JIA-HU LAN. "Description of a new genus and two new species of labeonine fishes from South China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)." Zootaxa 1682, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1682.1.3.
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A new genus and two new species are described from the Pearl River drainage in Guangxi Province, South China. Hongshuia, new genus, can be distinguished from all other Asian genera of the Labeonini by having a lower lip with its median lobe modified into a round, fleshy plate peripherally greatly protruded so as to form a ring-like fold that is posteromedially continuous with the mental region, and centrally sunken so as to form a round, flat, fleshy pad. This genus is distinct from all other Asian labeonine genera of the Garrina except for one newly described species of Parasinilabeo (P. longibarbus), Pseudocrossocheilus, and Sinocrossocheilus, in the presence of well-developed maxillary barbels. Hongshuia differs from the above three genera in the lower lip morphology, and further from both Pseudocrossocheilus and Qianlabeo in the number of pharyngeal tooth rows and from Sinocrossocheilus in the colour pattern. Two new species, H. banmo and H. paoli, differ in the distribution density and degree of development of papillae on the rostral fold, depth of indentations on the distal edge of the rostral fold, presence or absence of papillae on the lower lip, size and shape of tubercles on the tip of the snout and anterior portion of the lachrymal, length, position and colour pattern of the dorsal fin, and snout length.
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d’Entremont, Kyle J. N., Isabeau Pratte, Carina Gjerdrum, Sarah N. P. Wong, and William A. Montevecchi. "Quantifying inter-annual variability on the space-use of parental Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus) in pursuit of different prey types." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 14, 2023): e0288650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288650.
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Spatial planning for marine areas of multi-species conservation concern requires in-depth assessment of the distribution of predators and their prey. Northern Gannets Morus bassanus are generalist predators that predate several different forage fishes depending on their availability. In the western North Atlantic, gannets employ different dive tactics while in pursuit of different prey types, performing deep, prolonged U-shaped dives when foraging on capelin (Mallotus villosus), and rapid, shallow, V-shaped dives when foraging on larger pelagic fishes. Therefore, much can be inferred about the distribution and abundance of key forage fishes by assessing the foraging behaviour and space-use of gannets. In this study, we aimed to quantify space-use and to determine areas of suitable foraging habitat for gannets in pursuit of different prey types using habitat suitability models and kernel density utilization distributions. We deployed 25 GPS/Time-depth recorder devices on parental Northern Gannets at Cape St. Mary’s, Newfoundland, Canada from 2019 to 2021. To assess the influence of environmental variables on gannets foraging for different prey types, we constructed three different habitat suitability models: a U-shaped dive model, and two V-shaped dive models (early and late chick-rearing). Suitable foraging habitat for capelin, deduced by the U-shaped dive model, was defined by coastal, shallow waters with flat relief and sea surface temperatures (SST) of 11–15° C. Suitable habitat for early V-shaped dives was defined by shallow and coastal waters with steep slope and SST of 12–15°C and ~18°C, likely reflecting the variability in environmental preferences of different prey species captured when performing V-shaped dives. Suitable habitat for late V-shaped dives was defined by shallow coastal waters (<100m depth), as well as waters deeper than 200 m, and by SST greater than 16°C. We show that space-use by gannets can vary both within and between years depending on environmental conditions and the prey they are searching for, with consequences for the extent of potential interaction with anthropogenic activities. Further, we suggest regions defined as suitable for U-shaped dives are likely to be critical habitat of multi-species conservation concern, as these regions are likely to represent consistent capelin spawning habitat.
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M. GOLAM MUSTAFA, AMY HALIMAH RAJAEE, HADI HAMLI, and KHAIRUL ADHA A. RAHIM. "Body Indices and Population Dynamics of Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849) from Batang Lassa Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4943.2023.
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The Setipinna breviceps is a commercially important and highly esteemed food fish. This species has scant of scientific formation particularly on population parameters like growth, mortality and recruitment. The present study aimed to estimate the body indices and population parameters of Setipinna breviceps of Batang Lassa Estuary (BLE). Samples were collected between April 2019 and September 2020. A local made bag net known as Gnian (mesh size 1.25 to 4.00 cm) was used for sampling the fish. A total of 287 qualified specimens were used for this study. The length and weight of individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The length ranged from 5.50 to 24.00 cm and growth coefficient (b) was 2.563 (R2 = 0.87) which clearly indicated a negative allometric growth. About 50% of individuals showed flat or slender body (Kn<1) and 47% of the specimens were rounded shaped (Kn>1) while 2.44% of fishes measured an ideal shape (Kn = 1). The parameters of growth L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 24.15 cm, 0.23 yr-2 and 2.13, respectively. The estimated natural mortality and fishing mortality were 0.74 and 0.29 yr-2, respectively and exploitation rate was 0.28. The recruitment pattern during the study was observed at two possible unequal peaks. The present study concluded that the anchovy was under exploited (E<0.5) as demonstrated by the under-sized fishes caught with small mesh size net. However, considering the minimum lengths and length at first catch, the BLE could be a productive nursery ground for S. breviceps. Therefore, management actions are required to avoid juvenile catches.
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Cadoret, L., M. Adjeroud, and M. Tsuchiya. "Spatial distribution of chaetodontid fish in coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 4 (August 1999): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000873.
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The spatial patterns of butterflyfish assemblages (Chaetodontidae) were examined within and between five islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. Despite being the northernmost reef communities in the world and despite the severe natural and human-induced disturbances that have affected them since the 1970s, the coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands have one of the most diversified assemblages of chaetodontids in the world. A total of 30 species were identified, and species richness per island ranged from 20 to 25 species. On each of the 45 stations prospected, between four and 17 species were recorded, and between 0.75 and 21.75 ind 250 m−2 were counted. Variation in species composition, species richness and abundance between islands was less pronounced than the variation within islands, where assemblages of the major reef environments (i.e. the reef flat, the reef edge, and the reef slope) were distinguished. The highest species richness and abundance were found on the reef slope and the reef edge. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that depth, substrate complexity, and live coral cover influenced the distribution of chaetodontid fishes. These factors accounted for 20% of the variation in the species data matrix.
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Kapłonek, Wojciech, Krzysztof Nadolny, Bartosz Zieliński, Jarosław Plichta, Danil Pimenov, and Shubham Sharma. "The Role of Observation–Measurement Methods in the Surface Characterization of X39Cr13 Stainless-Steel Cutting Blades Used in the Fish Processing Industry." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245796.
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In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These machines are usually equipped with a single planar cutting blade or a few of such blades. The high-efficiency skinning and industrial conditions cause rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade, which is detrimental to the quality of the final product. One of the forms of renewing the cutting ability of these types of tools is the regeneration carried out with the use of precise traverse surface grinding. The results of this process must be carefully verified for determining its correctness and possible optimization of its parameters. The main goal of this article was to characterize the usefulness of a number of observational and measuring methods to evaluate the results of the technical blade regeneration process. In this work, a number of contemporary observation–measurement methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical profilometry (OP), and angle-resolved scattering (ARS), supported by image processing and analysis techniques, were analyzed. The authors focused on presenting the role of the abovementioned methods in the surface characterization of planar cutting blades made of X39Cr13 chromium martensitic stainless steel before and after the technological operation of flat-fish skinning. Additionally, the surface condition after the regeneration process carried out using the five-axis CNC (computerized numerical control) grinding machine was also assessed. Numerous results of surface observations, elemental composition microanalysis, high-accuracy surface microgeometry measurements, and quantitative and qualitative analysis confirming the possibility of using the proposed methods in the presented applications are presented.
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Lucas, Martyn C., Tom Mercer, John D. Armstrong, Shaun McGinty, and Phillip Rycroft. "Use of a flat-bed passive integrated transponder antenna array to study the migration and behaviour of lowland river fishes at a fish pass." Fisheries Research 44, no. 2 (December 1999): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00061-2.
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Shamim, K. M., P. Tóth, and J. E. Cook. "Large retinal ganglion cells in the pipid frog Xenopus laevis form independent, regular mosaics resembling those of teleost fishes." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (September 1997): 811–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380001155x.
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AbstractPopulation-based studies of retinal neurons have helped to reveal their natural types in mammals and teleost fishes. In this, the first such study in a frog, labeled ganglion cells of the mesobatrachian Xenopus laevis were examined in flatmounts. Cells with large somata and thick dendrites could be divided into three mosaic-forming types, each with its own characteristic stratification pattern. These are named αa, αab, and αc, following a scheme recently used for teleosts. Cells of the αa mosaic (~0.4% of all ganglion cells) had very large somata and trees, arborizing diffusely within sublamina a (the most sclerad). Their distal dendrites were sparsely branched but achieved consistent coverage by intersecting those of their neighbors. Displaced and orthotopic cells belonged to the same mosaic, as did cells with symmetric and asymmetric trees. Cells of the αab mosaic (~1.2%) had large somata, somewhat smaller trees that appeared bistratified at low magnification, and dendrites that branched extensively. Their distal dendrites arborized throughout sublamina b and the vitread part of a, tessellating with their neighbors. All were orthotopic; most were symmetric. Cells of the αc mosaic (~0.5%) had large somata and very large, sparse, flat, overlapping trees, predominantly in sublamina c. All were orthotopic; some were asymmetric. Nearest-neighbor analyses and spatial correlograms confirmed that each mosaic was regular and independent, and that spacings were reduced in juvenile frogs. Densities, proportions, sizes, and mosaic statistics are tabulated for all three types, which are compared with types defined previously by size and symmetry in Xenopus and potentially homologous mosaic-forming types in teleosts. Our results reveal strong organizational similarities between the large ganglion cells of teleosts and frogs. They also demonstrate the value of introducing mosaic analysis at an early stage to help identify characters that are useful markers for natural types and that distinguish between within-type and between-type variation in neuronal populations.
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Moravec, F., A. Kohn, and B. M. M. Fernandes. "Structure of the cephalic end of two little-known oxyuroid genera, Travnema Pereira, 1938 and Cosmoxynemoides Travassos, 1949, parasites of fishes, as revealed by SEM." Journal of Helminthology 68, no. 4 (December 1994): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00001565.
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AbstractThe cephalic end of the type species of pharyngodonid genera Travnema and Cosmoxynemoides, T. travnema Pereira, 1938 and C. aguirrei Travassos, 1949, parasites of Brazilian freshwater fishes, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The mouth aperture of Travnema was found to be circular, surrounded by four cephalic papillae and two lateral amphids and the cuticle of the cephalic end had a conspicuous dense sculpture. On the other hand, the mouth aperture of Cosmoxynemoides was triangular, surrounded by three lip-like elevations covering the whole surface of the relatively flat cephalic extremity, each with two inner lobes separated one from another by a short groove; the lip-like elevations bore four medium-sized, kidney-shaped cephalic papillae and two minute amphids (two papillae on the dorsal elevation and one papilla and one amphid on each of two ventrolateral elevations); the cuticle of the cephalic end was smooth. Both species were noted for the absence of oral lamellae and the presence of lateral alae. Both genera are listed in the family Pharyngodonidae but Travnema (and also Hakynema), due to its morphological peculiarities, is considered to represent a distinct subfamily Travnematinae within the Pharyngodonidae. The finding of both T. travnema and C. aguirrei in the characid fish Astyanax bimaculatus lacustris represents new host records.
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Zieliński, Bartosz, Tomasz Chaciński, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, and Krzysztof Nadolny. "Methodology for Evaluating the Cutting Force of Planar Technical Blades Used in Flatfish Processing." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121516.
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In the food industry, there are many varieties of technical blades with different contours as well as different cutting edge geometries. The evaluation of the ability of technical blades to separate (cut) animal tissues is not a simple task and is usually based on the evaluation of the cutting effects in a technological process. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the cutting force of technical blades used in food processing. A specially made test stand with numerical control was used in the study. Its application enabled a comparison of cutting force values for four different cutting edge geometries of planar knives used in the skinning operation of flat fishes. A unique feature of the conducted research was the use of a relatively high cutting speed value of vf = 214 mm/s, which corresponded to the real conditions of this process carried out in the industry. Obtained test results allow unambiguously choosing the most advantageous variant of knife geometry from among four different variants used for the tests. The results showed a clear relationship between the cutting force value and the value of the tip angle of the blades tested: for blades with the lowest tip angle, the lowest cutting force values were obtained.
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Miller, Kimberly A., Roser Casas-Mulet, Siobhan C. de Little, Michael J. Stewardson, Wayne M. Koster, and J. Angus Webb. "Deficiencies in our understanding of the hydro-ecology of several native Australian fish: a rapid evidence synthesis." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 8 (2018): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17241.
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Environmental flows aim to mitigate the impacts of modification of riverine flow regimes by restoring components of the natural flow regime. Explicit evidence-based cause–effect relationships between flow regimes and fish responses are required for defensible flow recommendations. However, flow recommendations are typically based on expert opinion rather than a rigorous test of the available evidence. We used rapid evidence synthesis to systematically review the literature on responses of several native Australian fish to flow-related and other important environmental variables, and tested 13 explicit hypotheses. The hypotheses were related to the condition, reproduction and survival of pygmy perches, carp gudgeons, blackfish and flat-headed gudgeons. The evidence was insufficient to reach strong conclusions for all but three of our hypotheses. Late-spring high flows are associated with increased survival of pygmy perches and carp gudgeons, and exotic fish are associated with decreased survival of these fishes. The evidence that warmer spring water temperatures enhance their reproduction was inconsistent. The dearth of evidence to support or refute most hypotheses points to substantial gaps in our understanding of hydro-ecology of these native Australian fish, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring and research to further understand key flow relationships for these fish species.
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Lanszki, József, Attila Mórocz, and Jim W. H. Conroy. "Diet of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in natural habitats of the Gemenc Area (Danube-Drava National Park, Hungary) in early spring period." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 17 (2010): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2010.17.315.
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The relationship between the food web and interspecific trophic levels are less well understood along the Hungarian section of the Danube River. In this study, the diet composition of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as mammalian top predator species of wetlands was examined by spraint analysis, in an early spring period at six oxbow lakes of the Gemenc Area. The primary food of otters was fish (min-max 83.9- 100.0%, biomass estimation), characteristically gibel carp. Besides fish, amphibians, crayfish and water beetles were eaten in low proportions, therefore the trophic niche was very narrow in all areas. Otters preyed primarily (>56%) on small-sized (<100g) fish, but at three areas, the consumption ratio of 100-500 g fish was also considerable. The main fish prey was eurytopic (>69%), but stagnophilic or reophilic fishes were also eaten considerably on some areas. Consumption of fish in high proportions indicates that their availability might be satisfactory for otters. However fish surveys ocassionally indicated low fish densities. Diet composition and feeding habits of otters differed between areas. It draws attention to the possible need for different conservation and management objectives of the sensitive valley flat-habitats of the Danube, an important European ecological corridor.
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Redmann, Erica, Alina Sheikh, Areej Alqahtani, Mica McCarty-Glenn, Shazrah Syed, Rita S. Mehta, and Andrea B. Ward. "Terrestrial Locomotion in American Eels (Anguilla rostrata): How Substrate and Incline Affect Movement Patterns." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa016.
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Synopsis Fishes overcome a variety of challenges in order to invade the terrestrial environment. Terrestrial invasions by fish occur over a variety of environmental contexts. In order to advance their bodies on land, fishes capable of terrestrial excursions tend to use one of three different types of locomotor modes: axial-based, appendage-based, or axial-appendage-based. Elongate species with reduced appendages, such as the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, rely on axial based locomotion in water and on land. When eels move from water to land as part of their complex life cycle, they inevitably encounter a variety of substrates and must traverse variable degrees of incline. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of substrate and incline on the terrestrial locomotion of the American eel. In order to do this, eels were filmed from a dorsal view on three substrates and four inclines: sand, loose pebbles, and fixed (glued) pebbles at 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. We digitized 20 evenly spaced points along the body to examine the following characteristics of locomotion: velocity, distance ratio (DR), and wave parameters such as wave amplitude, frequency, and length and assessed whether substrate, incline, or body position affected these parameters. DR, our metric of movement efficiency, was highest on the flat sand condition and lowest on 15° pebble conditions. Efficiency also varied across the body. Velocity followed a similar pattern being highest on sand at 0° and lowest at the steepest inclines. Wave amplitude generally increased toward the tail but was similar across substrates and inclines. Wave frequency was relatively consistent across the body on both pebble substrates, but on sand, frequency was higher toward the head but decreased toward the tail. Wavelengths on sand were the longest at 0° near the head and shorter wavelengths were observed on steeper inclines. Both pebble substrates elicited lower wavelengths that were more similar across the body. Overall, A. rostrata were more effective in navigating compliant substrates but struggled at steeper inclines. Our findings provide insight into locomotor challenges that American eels may encounter as they move from and between bodies of water.
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Voskobojnikova, O. S. "New genus of the family Cyclopteridae – Microancathus gen. nov. (Pisces: Cottoidei: Cyclopteridae) with description of a new species Microancathus tokranovi sp. n." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 319, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.2.215.
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A new cyclopterid genus Microancathus gen. n. is established for a new species M. tokranovi sp. n. and Eumicrotremus fedorovi Mandritza, 1991. The unique characteristics of the new genus are: the existence of only one pore in the infraorbital seismosensory canal of the head; flat or hemispherical (not conical) bone plaques on the body covered with numerous small spines; opercle with the conspicuous notch of the posterior edge and S-shaped subopercle replicating the shape of the posterior edge of opercle. The new species M. tokranovi is characterized by the greatest in the family height of the body (61–75% SL), and lesser developed bone plaques than in M. fedorovi. Small specimens (lesser than 47 mm SL) possess bone plaques on the anterior part of the body only; bony plaques absent on the caudal part, on rays of the first dorsal fin and on the head. Larger fishes have bone plaques on mentioned parts of body, but these plaques are small and occupy the central part of the underlying connective-tissue tubercles only. The bone plaques of M. tokranovi are flatter than in M. fedorovi. The first vertebra is included in the occipital region of the neurocranium in the both species, but the first neural arch is directed dorso-posteriorly in M. tokranovi, and is strictly dorsal in M. fedorovi.
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Levi, Rafael, Otar Akanyeti, Aleksander Ballo, and James C. Liao. "Frequency response properties of primary afferent neurons in the posterior lateral line system of larval zebrafish." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00414.2014.
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The ability of fishes to detect water flow with the neuromasts of their lateral line system depends on the physiology of afferent neurons as well as the hydrodynamic environment. Using larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio), we measured the basic response properties of primary afferent neurons to mechanical deflections of individual superficial neuromasts. We used two types of stimulation protocols. First, we used sine wave stimulation to characterize the response properties of the afferent neurons. The average frequency-response curve was flat across stimulation frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz, matching the filtering properties of a displacement detector. Spike rate increased asymptotically with frequency, and phase locking was maximal between 10 and 60 Hz. Second, we used pulse train stimulation to analyze the maximum spike rate capabilities. We found that afferent neurons could generate up to 80 spikes/s and could follow a pulse train stimulation rate of up to 40 pulses/s in a reliable and precise manner. Both sine wave and pulse stimulation protocols indicate that an afferent neuron can maintain their evoked activity for longer durations at low stimulation frequencies than at high frequencies. We found one type of afferent neuron based on spontaneous activity patterns and discovered a correlation between the level of spontaneous and evoked activity. Overall, our results establish the baseline response properties of lateral line primary afferent neurons in larval zebrafish, which is a crucial step in understanding how vertebrate mechanoreceptive systems sense and subsequently process information from the environment.
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NOLAN, MATTHEW J., and THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes." Zootaxa 1265, no. 1 (July 17, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1265.1.1.
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A survey of Pacific coral reef fishes for sanguinicolids revealed that two species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus argentimaculatus, L. bohar), six species of Siganidae (Siganus corallinus, S. fuscescens, S. lineatus, S. margaritiferus, S. punctatus, S. vulpinus), seven species of Chaetodontidae (Chaetodon aureofasciatus, C. citrinellus, C. flavirostris, C. lineolatus, C. reticulatus, C. ulietensis, C. unimaculatus), three species of Scombridae (Euthynnus affinis, Scomberomorus commerson, S. munroi) and three species of Scaridae (Chlorurus microrhinos, Scarus frenatus, S. ghobban) were infected with morphologically similar sanguinicolids. These flukes have a flat elliptical body, a vestigial oral sucker, a single testis, separate genital pores and a post-ovarian uterus. However, these species clearly belong in two genera based on the position of the testis and genital pores. Sanguinicolids from Lutjanidae, Siganidae, Chaetodontidae and Scombridae belong in Cardicola Short, 1953; the testis originates anteriorly to, or at the anterior end of, the intercaecal field and does not extend posteriorly to it, the male genital pore opens laterally to the sinistral lateral nerve chord and the female pore opens near the level of the oötype (may be anterior, lateral or posterior to it) antero-dextral to the male pore. Those from Scaridae are placed in a new genus, Braya; the testis originates near the posterior end of the intercaecal field and extends posteriorly to it, the male pore opens medially at the posterior end of the body and the female pore opens posterior to the oötype, antero-sinistral to the male pore. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA from these sanguinicolids and a known species, Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday, 2000, were sequenced, aligned and analysed to test the distinctness of the putative new species. Results from morphological comparisons and molecular analyses suggest the presence of 18 putative species; 11 are described on the basis of combined morphological and molecular data and seven are not because they are characterised solely by molecular sequences or to few morphological specimens (n=one). There was usually a correlation between levels of morphological and genetic distinction in that pairs of species with the greatest genetic separation were also the least morphologically similar. The exception in this regard was the combination of Cardicola tantabiddii n. sp. from S. fuscescens from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia) and Cardicola sp. 2 from the same host from Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef). These two parasite/host/location combinations had identical ITS2 sequences but appeared to differ morphologically (however, this could simply be due to a lack of morphological material for Cardicola sp. 2). Only one putative species (Cardicola sp. 1) was found in more than one location; most host species harboured distinct species in each geographical location surveyed (for example, S. corallinus from Heron and Lizard Islands) and some (for example, S. punctatus, S. fuscescens and Chlorurus microrhinos) harboured two species at a single location. Distance analysis of ITS2 showed that nine species from siganids, three from scombrids and five from scarids formed monophyletic clades to the exclusion of sanguinicolids from the other host families. Cardicola milleri n. sp. and C. chaetodontis Yamaguti, 1970 from lutjanids and chaetodontids, respectively, were the only representatives from those families that were sequenced. Within the clade formed by sanguinicolids from Siganidae there was a further division of species; species from the morphologically similar S. fuscescens and S. margaritiferus formed a monophyletic group to the exclusion of sanguinicolids from all other siganid species.
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Nanami, Atsushi, and Moritaka Nishihira. "Effects of Habitat Connectivity on the Abundance and Species Richness of Coral Reef Fishes: Comparison of an Experimental Habitat Established at a Rocky Reef Flat and at a Sandy Sea Bottom." Environmental Biology of Fishes 68, no. 2 (October 2003): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ebfi.0000003847.70485.bf.
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Delannoy, Sabine, Corine Hoffer, Raphaëlle Youf, Emilie Dauvergne, Hattie E. Webb, Thomas Brauge, Mai-Lan Tran, et al. "High Throughput Screening of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Gram-Negative Seafood Bacteria." Microorganisms 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061225.
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From a global view of antimicrobial resistance over different sectors, seafood and the marine environment are often considered as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs); however, there are few studies and sparse results on this sector. This study aims to provide new data and insights regarding the content of resistance markers in various seafood samples and sources, and therefore the potential exposure to humans in a global One Health approach. An innovative high throughput qPCR screening was developed and validated in order to simultaneously investigate the presence of 41 ARGs and 33 MGEs including plasmid replicons, integrons, and insertion sequences in Gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of 268 seafood isolates from the bacterial microflora of cod (n = 24), shellfish (n = 66), flat fishes (n = 53), shrimp (n = 10), and horse mackerel (n = 115) show the occurrence of sul-1, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3′)-Ia, strA, strB, dfrA1, qnrA, and blaCTX-M-9 genes in Pseudomonas spp., Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Shewanella spp. isolates and the presence of MGEs in all bacterial species investigated. We found that the occurrence of MGE may be associated with the seafood type and the environmental, farming, and harvest conditions. Moreover, even if MGE were detected in half of the seafood isolates investigated, association with ARG was only identified for twelve isolates. The results corroborate the hypothesis that the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARG decreases with increasing distance from potential sources of fecal contamination. This unique and original high throughput micro-array designed for the screening of ARG and MGE in Gram-negative bacteria could be easily implementable for monitoring antimicrobial resistance gene markers in diverse contexts.
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THACKER, CHRISTINE E. "Phylogenetic placement of the European sand gobies in Gobionellidae and characterization of gobionellid lineages (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei)." Zootaxa 3619, no. 3 (February 28, 2013): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.3.6.
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The Mediterranean, northeastern Atlantic, and inland freshwaters of Europe and the Ponto-Caspian region host a distinct fauna of gobiiform fishes, including the sand gobies (Pomatoschistus Gill and related genera), all of which have been clas-sified in the most diverse goby group, the family Gobiidae. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the sand gobies are not gobiids, and are instead part of their sister clade Gobionellidae (Thacker and Roje 2011). Phylo-genetic analysis of Pomatoschistus in the context of both gobiid and gobionellid taxa indicates that Pomatoschistus is part of Gobionellidae, specifically the Mugilogobius lineage. Gobionellidae includes 93 genera, which are arrayed into four lineages (Stenogobius, Mugilogobius, Periophthalmus and Northern Pacific). These lineages exhibit variation in charac-ters of the jaw and suspensorium, including the shapes and relative positions of the palatine, quadrate, and ectopterygoid. The observations of the palatopterygoid complex in Gobionellidae of Harrison (1989) and Larson (2001) are supported and augmented. Gobionellidae generally exhibit suspensoria that are overall more elongated and gracile than those of go-biids: the palatine/ectopterygoid pair features a very short (Periophthalmus lineage) or elongate, pointed palatine (Mugi-logobius, Northern Pacific, and Stenogobius lineages), with a relatively slender ectopterygoid and a short quadrate articulation. In Gobiidae, the palatine extends about halfway along the length of the ectopterygoid, and the ectopterygoid generally features a large, flat articulation with the quadrate. Suspensoria of Pomatoschistus and relatives are similar to those of other taxa in the Mugilogobius lineage. Placement of Pomatoschistus and relatives in Gobionellidae rather than Gobiidae is significant in that it indicates that sand gobies are not closely related to other European gobies, and has impli-cations for any comparative evolutionary or biogeographic studies.
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Leuskyy, M., O. Buzevich, N. Rudyk-Leuska, G. Kotovska, and D. Khrystenko. "Structural indices of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) population in the Kremenchuk reservoir." Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni., no. 3(61) (June 29, 2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fsu2022.03.003.
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Objective. Analysis of the structural parameters of the perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) population in the Kremenchuk Reservoir in the world of the development of the program of stocking large flat reservoirs of the Dnipro with juveniles of Far Eastern herbivorous fish, there was a need for methodical approaches to reduce the negative impact of small predators on the efficiency of planned stocking. Methodology. Primary materials related to the biology and fishing of perch were collected at the monitoring points of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Sciences. The basis of this article is the results of our own field research, which was carried out in the entire water area of the Kremenchuk Reservoir during 2016–2021. To determine the composition of catches in nets with different mesh sizes, the refined coefficient of annual commercial mortality was used. Results. The article establishes the general basic population indices of the perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) population in the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Acceptable indices of the perch population and the probability of its negative impact on the stocking of big-headed Chinese carps this year have been established. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the fact that effective stocking is currently possible only in the presence of scientifically based data, which can significantly affect the cost of planting material, and, as a result, the volume of work carried out. These basic principles are able to ensure the sustainable use of aquatic biological resources in natural reservoirs. Practical significance: the biological indices of the P. fluviatilis population presented in this work can be used to calculate the limits for perch commercial fishing in Kremenchuk Reservoir and to assess its negative impact on the stocked young fishes. Key words: perch, Kremenchuk Reservoir, length structure, catch per unit effort, commercial harvest.
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Makarov, D. I., N. A. Zaitseva, and D. V. Bizyaev. "The Tully–Fisher relation for flat galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 479, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 3373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1629.
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Febrianto, Muhammad Bayu, Sumaryoto Sumaryoto, and Tri Joko Daryanto. "Rumah Susun Nelayan dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Ekologis di Muara Angke Jakarta." Arsitektura 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.11404.
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<p class="MSGENFONTSTYLENAMETEMPLATEROLENUMBERMSGENFONTSTYLENAMEBYROLETEXT30">The high rate of population growth and the lack of land availability in Jakarta, causing some segments of the population do not have the ability to buy a house so they build one in the illegal land. Muara Angke which known as a fisher village has a wide range of environmental problems due to the illegal settlement of which is the problem of garbage and waste. The north coast of Jakarta reclamation project, the government is planning to organize the settlements in the region with flats programs. Based on this phenomenon, namely how the flats are planned to be a friendly place for fishermen activities and will support housing by the application ofprinciples of friendly environtment, efficiency energy and create a friendly building system. Flats with environmental improvement of the standard will provide a better life for the fishermen, it can be achieved by the application of three principles of ecological architecture at the processing site, discovering form and mass, structure and utilities. Concept of The Flat’s Fishermen will support the planning of flats that provide green spaces, energy efficiency at building facade, and waste management to prevent the building for not providing environmental pollution.</p>Keywords: Ecological Architecture, Fishermen, Flat.
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Nielsen, Frank. "On Voronoi Diagrams on the Information-Geometric Cauchy Manifolds." Entropy 22, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070713.
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We study the Voronoi diagrams of a finite set of Cauchy distributions and their dual complexes from the viewpoint of information geometry by considering the Fisher-Rao distance, the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the chi square divergence, and a flat divergence derived from Tsallis entropy related to the conformal flattening of the Fisher-Rao geometry. We prove that the Voronoi diagrams of the Fisher-Rao distance, the chi square divergence, and the Kullback-Leibler divergences all coincide with a hyperbolic Voronoi diagram on the corresponding Cauchy location-scale parameters, and that the dual Cauchy hyperbolic Delaunay complexes are Fisher orthogonal to the Cauchy hyperbolic Voronoi diagrams. The dual Voronoi diagrams with respect to the dual flat divergences amount to dual Bregman Voronoi diagrams, and their dual complexes are regular triangulations. The primal Bregman Voronoi diagram is the Euclidean Voronoi diagram and the dual Bregman Voronoi diagram coincides with the Cauchy hyperbolic Voronoi diagram. In addition, we prove that the square root of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between Cauchy distributions yields a metric distance which is Hilbertian for the Cauchy scale families.
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NODA, TOMONORI. "SYMPLECTIC STRUCTURES ON STATISTICAL MANIFOLDS." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 90, no. 3 (June 2011): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788711001285.
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AbstractA relationship between symplectic geometry and information geometry is studied. The square of a dually flat space admits a natural symplectic structure that is the pullback of the canonical symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle of the dually flat space via the canonical divergence. With respect to the symplectic structure, there exists a moment map whose image is the dually flat space. As an example, we obtain a duality relation between the Fubini–Study metric on a projective space and the Fisher metric on a statistical model on a finite set. Conversely, a dually flat space admitting a symplectic structure is locally symplectically isomorphic to the cotangent bundle with the canonical symplectic structure of some dually flat space. We also discuss nonparametric cases.
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Karachentsev, I. D., S. N. Mitronova, V. E. Karachentseva, Yu N. Kudrya, and T. H. Jarrett. "The 2MASS Tully-Fisher relation for flat edge-on galaxies." Astronomy & Astrophysics 396, no. 2 (December 2002): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021451.
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Vidal-Martínez, V. M., M. L. Aguirre-Macedo, J. P. McLaughlin, R. F. Hechinger, A. G. Jaramillo, J. C. Shaw, A. K. James, A. M. Kuris, and K. D. Lafferty. "Digenean metacercariae of fishes from the lagoon flats of Palmyra Atoll, Eastern Indo-Pacific." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 4 (January 5, 2012): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000526.
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AbstractAlthough many studies on the taxonomy of digenean trematodes of marine fishes have been completed in the Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP) marine ecoregion, only a few have considered metacercarial stages. Here, the results are presented of a taxonomic survey of the digenean metacercariae of fishes from Palmyra Atoll, a remote and relatively pristine US National Wildlife Refuge located 1680 km SSW of Hawaii. Up to 425 individual fish were collected, comprising 42 fish species, from the sand flats bordering the lagoon of the atoll. Quantitative parasitological examinations of each fish were performed. Morphological descriptions of the encountered digenean metacercariae are provided, together with their prevalence, mean intensities, host and tissue-use. Up to 33,964 individuals were recovered representing 19 digenean metacercaria species from eight families. The species composition of digeneans in lagoon fishes at Palmyra Atoll is a subset of what has previously been reported for the EIP. Further, the large diversity and abundance of metacercariae reported in this study highlight the utility of including this group in future ecological research in the EIP marine ecoregion.
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Forbes, Stephen A. "Description of New Illinois Fishes." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 2, no. 1-8 (May 19, 2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v2.85.
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A sunfish of the Xenotis of average proportions, rather thin in front, the dorsal outline before the fin well arched, with a decided depression at the nape. Length 4 inches, depth 2.25 ill length. Color dark, with a purplish tint; sides striped with rows of bronze blotches, one to each scale, about seven rows below the lateral line. Sides of the head in alcoholic specimens with an appearance of irregular lines. Opercular flap large, about two-thirds the length of the eye. bordered above and below, but not posteriorly with pale. Head 2.75 to 2.9 in length: nose 3.9 to 4.25: interorbital space slightly greater than length of eye.—3.4 to 3.75 in head. Mouth normal, moderate; rudimentary maxillary bone minute; upper jaw below the middle of the pupil; maxillary 2.85 to 3.1 in head, scarcely reaching the front of the pupil; lower jaw 2 to 2.4; teeth on vomer, not on palatines.
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Razborov, Alexander A. "Flag algebras." Journal of Symbolic Logic 72, no. 4 (December 2007): 1239–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1203350785.
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AbstractAsymptotic extremal combinatorics deals with questions that in the language of model theory can be re-stated as follows. For finite models M, N of an universal theory without constants and function symbols (like graphs, digraphs or hypergraphs), let p(M, N) be the probability that a randomly chosen sub-model of N with ∣M∣ elements is isomorphic to M. Which asymptotic relations exist between the quantities p(M1,N),…, p(Mh,N), where M1,…, M1, are fixed “template” models and ∣N∣ grows to infinity?In this paper we develop a formal calculus that captures many standard arguments in the area, both previously known and apparently new. We give the first application of this formalism by presenting a new simple proof of a result by Fisher about the minimal possible density of triangles in a graph with given edge density.
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Ogawa, Kazuo, Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso, and Hisatsugu Wakabayashi. "Redescription of Benedenia epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1937) Meserve, 1938 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) from cultured and aquarium marine fishes of Japan." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, S1 (August 1, 1995): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-509.
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The monogenean Benedenia epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1937) Meserve, 1938 is redescribed and reported for the first time from the fins, eyes, and body surface of cultured marine fishes of Japan. Because of close similarity in the general morphology of the reproductive system and median sclerites, comparable morphometrics, and the presence of a flap slightly left of the common genital aperture, Benedeniella congeri Yamaguti, 1958 (= Neobenedeniella congeri (Yamaguti, 1958); Benedenia congeri (Yamaguti, 1958)) and Benedenia sp. of Tsutsumi and Ito, 1965 are synonimized with this species. Twelve new hosts are presented, bringing the total number of known hosts to 25 (11 Tetraodontiformes, 9 Perciformes, 3 Scorpaeniformes, 1 Pleuronectiformes, and 1 Anguilliformes). The ability of B. epinepheli to cause death of cultured fishes during heavy infection, and its low host specificity, ubiquitous distribution in western Japan, and the high susceptibility of marine aquarium fishes are indicative of the parasite's great potential to become a disease problem.
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COUTURE, LAURIE A., MARTHA W. HARRIS, and LINDA S. BIRNBAUM. "Developmental Toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran in the Fischer 344 Flat." Toxicological Sciences 12, no. 2 (1989): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/12.2.358.
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Siebeck, Ulrike E., and N. Justin Marshall. "Transmission of ocular media in labrid fishes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0679.
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Wrasses (Labridae) are the second largest family of fishes on the Great Barrier Reef (after the Gobiidae) and, in terms of morphology and lifestyle, one of the most diverse. They occupy all zones of the reef from the very shallow reef flats to deep slopes, feeding on a variety of fauna. Many wrasses also have elaborately patterned bodies and reflect a range of colours from ultraviolet (UV) to far red. As a first step to investigating the visual system of these fishes we measured the transmission properties of the ocular media of 36 species from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and Hawaii, California and the Florida Keys, USA. Transmission measurements were made of whole eyes with a window cut into the back, and also of isolated lenses and corneas. Based on the transmission properties of the corneas the species could be split into two distinct groups within which the exact wavelength of the cut–off was variable. One group had visibly yellow corneas, while the corneas of the other group appeared clear to human observers. Five species had ocular media that transmitted wavelengths below 400 nm, making a perception of UV wavelengths for those species possible. Possible functional roles for the different filter types are discussed.
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Starr, Paul J., and Marianne Vignaux. "Comparison of data from voluntary logbook and research catch-sampling programmes in the New Zealand lobster fishery." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97230.
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Since 1993, the New Zealand Fishing Industry Board has run an extensive voluntary programme to collect biological information from rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) pot fisheries using logbooks maintained by commercial fishers. The New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries has run since 1989 an intensive research sampling programme of the rock lobster commercial fishery which measures nearly every lobster caught in a selected trip. A comparison of these two programmes was made for the southern South Island fishery over a period from August 1993 to January 1996. Length frequency distributions stratified by month and statistical area showed similar distributions from both sampling programmes in most strata, with a tendency for higher frequency modes to be estimated by the voluntary logbook data and larger frequency modes estimated by the research sampling data. These differences were slight except for five instances (of 40 strata compared) where the research sampling programme estimated flat frequency distributions which were not typical of the distributions estimated in other strata. Catch per potlift from the voluntary logbook programme and the compulsory catch per effort landing returns were similar for the same fishers. This indicated that the voluntary fishers were successful in designating ‘representative’ sampling units for their programme.