Academic literature on the topic 'Flat Bottom Cup test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Flat Bottom Cup test"
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Tatarchuk, John J., Colin B. Stevens, and Robert N. Dean. "A MEMS DC Current Sensor Utilizing Neodymium Rare Earth Magnets." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (January 1, 2014): 001046–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tp34.
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A silicon MEMS DC current sensor has been developed that utilizes a miniature NdFeB rare earth magnet attached to a silicon platform that is suspended by a dual torsional suspension system. An externally applied out-of-plane magnetic field, such as that produced by a DC current flowing through a nearby current trace, will cause a magnetic torque to be produced between the external field and the NdFeB magnet, causing a deflection of the suspended silicon platform which can be sensed capacitively. The device measures 5.6 mm X 5.6 mm, with the silicon components being manufactured using bulk micromachining processes. The variable capacitive structure is realized by metalizing the bottom side of the suspended silicon platform to allow the silicon platform to serve as the top electrode. The bottom electrode is provided by a bare pad on a printed circuit board (PCB) to which the frame of the silicon device is attached. This results in a variable capacitance with a nominal value of approximately 3–6 pF, depending on the exact width of the gap. The variable capacitance is large enough to be converted into a variable frequency square wave using just a simple CMOS relaxation oscillator circuit. To realize a practical device, multiple silicon components were manufactured. First, a silicon component had to be manufactured that included the anchor/frame, torsion springs, and suspended platform. To provide protection against destructive over-ranging of the mechanical components during very high accelerations or external magnetic fields, another silicon component was manufactured that provided mechanical stops at the limits of the useful displacement range. Two other components were also manufactured on the same die to provide for a cap over the device to seal it from the outside environment. Epoxy was used to bond the NdFeB magnet and the various silicon components together. The devices fabricated proved to behave similarly to their performance as predicted by mathematical modeling, with a test current of +/− 5 A causing a variation in the oscillation frequency of the CMOS oscillator circuit of +/− 8 kHz, from a nominal frequency of 26 kHz. Several fabrication and assembly issues had to be solved in order to realize the device. The gap width of the capacitive structure is dependent on the thickness of the agent used to electrically connect the silicon anchor to a pad on a PCB. As it is desirable to minimize this gap width, some experimentation was required to find a suitable agent and assembly method. Additionally, the bonding agent used to attach the silicon anchor to the PCB must be applied at a temperature near the expected operating temperature of the device to prevent large stresses from being applied to the silicon frame through the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between silicon and FR4. Also, during fabrication it was found that large, flat areas where a very uniform etch is critical required wet KOH etching, while deep reactive ion etching could be used for areas where depth and high aspect ratio were important.
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Watcharasresomroeng, Bhadpiroon. "Investigation on Forming Behaviour of Sheet Metal by Test Using Cylindrical Cup with Hole." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.51.
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Nowadays, there are several grades of sheet metal used in the automotive industry. Highstrength steel sheets, particularly, have been widely used in order to reduce the weight of vehicles,which is strongly related to their fuel consumption rate. However, it is generally known that thestrength of the sheets, which is relatively higher than that of the conventional carbon steel sheets,results in their low formability. In this work, the limiting drawing ratio and forming behavior of sheetmetal that is conventionally used for automobile parts were evaluated by test using cylindrical cupwith hole. The feasibility to use limiting cup height for comparing formability of sheet metal was alsoincluded in the investigation. The sheet materials used in the experiments are aluminium, cold rolledsteel, high strength steel and advanced high strength steel. The process parameters for this study weredie corner radius and blank holder force. Workpiece materials were prepared with a circular shapeand with a diameter of 80 millimetres. In the center of the circular workpiece, a 12-millimetrediameter hole was drilled to observe the formability of each of the materials. The advantage of usingan initial blank with a hole in the center by the cylindrical cup drawing test is that the cup does notfail from changes of the thickness of material near the punch radius at the bottom of the cup. Thelimiting cup height of the investigated materials were evaluated by test using the cylindrical cup withhole. The results show that the limiting cup height values have a relationship to the limiting drawingratio values of the investigated materials. Testing using cylindrical cup with hole by evaluating thelimiting cup height value is feasible for comparing the formability of sheet metals.
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Paul, Surajit Kumar. "Effect of punch geometry on hole expansion ratio." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419863222.
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Stretch-flangeability of sheet metal is normally quantified by hole expansion ratio. Researchers have determined hole expansion ratio with various punch geometries such as conical, flat-bottom and hemispherical, and reported different hole expansion ratio values for identical test condition. Finite element investigation confirms that alteration of deformation path with punch geometries consequence different hole expansion ratio values. Necking and failure take place slightly away from the central hole edge for flat-bottom and hemispherical punches, while at the central hole edge for conical punch. Approximately plane strain tensile deformation prevails at the failure location for flat-bottom and hemispherical punches, while pure uniaxial tensile deformation prevails for conical punch.
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Zhang, Jianjun, Weidong Liu, Li’e Gao, Yiwen Zhang, and Weijiang Tang. "Design, Analysis and Experiment of a Tactile Force Sensor for Underwater Dexterous Hand Intelligent Grasping." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082427.
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This paper proposes a novel underwater dexterous hand structure whose fingertip is equipped with underwater tactile force sensor (UTFS) array to realize the grasping sample location determination and force perception. The measurement structure, theoretical analysis, prototype development and experimental verification of the UTFS are purposefully studied in order to achieve accurate measurement under huge water pressure influence. The UTFS is designed as capsule shape type with differential pressure structure, and the external water pressure signal is separately transmitted to the silicon cup bottom which is considered to be an elastomer with four strain elements distribution through the upper and lower flexible contacts and the silicone oil filled in the upper and lower cavities of UTFS. The external tactile force information can be obtained by the vector superposition between the upper and lower of silicon cup bottom to counteract the water pressure influence. The analytical solution of deformation and stress of the bottom of the square silicon cup bottom is analyzed with the use of elasticity and shell theory, and compared with the Finite Element Analysis results, which provides theoretical support for the distribution design of four strain elements at the bottom of the silicon cup. At last, the UTFS zero drift experiment without force applying under different water depths, the output of the standard force applying under different water depth and the test of the standard force applying under conditions of different 0 ∘C–30 ∘C temperature with 0.1 m water depth are carried out to verify the performance of the sensor. The experiments show that the UTFS has a high linearity and sensitivity, and which has a regular zero drift and temperature drift which can be eliminated by calibration algorithm.
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Li, Xue, Jun-Yi Sun, Xiao-Chen Lu, Zhi-Xin Yang, and Xiao-Ting He. "Steady Fluid–Structure Coupling Interface of Circular Membrane under Liquid Weight Loading: Closed-Form Solution for Differential-Integral Equations." Mathematics 9, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9101105.
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In this paper, the problem of fluid–structure interaction of a circular membrane under liquid weight loading is formulated and is solved analytically. The circular membrane is initially flat and works as the bottom of a cylindrical cup or bucket. The initially flat circular membrane will undergo axisymmetric deformation and deflection after a certain amount of liquid is poured into the cylindrical cup. The amount of the liquid poured determines the deformation and deflection of the circular membrane, while in turn, the deformation and deflection of the circular membrane changes the shape and distribution of the liquid poured on the deformed and deflected circular membrane, resulting in the so-called fluid-structure interaction between liquid and membrane. For a given amount of liquid, the fluid-structure interaction will eventually reach a static equilibrium and the fluid-structure coupling interface is steady, resulting in a static problem of axisymmetric deformation and deflection of the circular membrane under the weight of given liquid. The established governing equations for the static problem contain both differential operation and integral operation and the power series method plays an irreplaceable role in solving the differential-integral equations. Finally, the closed-form solutions for stress and deflection are presented and are confirmed to be convergent by the numerical examples conducted.
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Jamari, J., Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Amir Putra Md Saad, Ardiyansyah Syahrom, Mohammad Uddin, Emile van der Heide, and Hasan Basri. "The Effect of Bottom Profile Dimples on the Femoral Head on Wear in Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 2 (June 6, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb12020038.
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Wear and wear-induced debris is a significant factor in causing failure in implants. Reducing contact pressure by using a textured surface between the femoral head and acetabular cup is crucial to improving the implant’s life. This study presented the effect of surface texturing as dimples on the wear evolution of total hip arthroplasty. It was implemented by developing finite element analysis from the prediction model without dimples and with bottom profile dimples of flat, drill, and ball types. Simulations were carried out by performing 3D physiological loading of the hip joint under normal walking conditions. A geometry update was initiated based on the patient’s daily routine activities. Our results showed that the addition of dimples reduced contact pressure and wear. The bottom profile dimples of the ball type had the best ability to reduce wear relative to the other types, reducing cumulative linear wear by 24.3% and cumulative volumetric wear by 31% compared to no dimples. The findings demonstrated that surface texturing with appropriate dimple bottom geometry on a bearing surface is able to extend the lifetime of hip implants.
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Behrens, Bernd Arno, Anas Bouguecha, Milan Vucetic, Sven Hübner, Daniel Rosenbusch, and S. Koch. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Multistage Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Process with Compound Press Tools." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1153.
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Sheet-bulk metal forming is a manufacturing technology, which allows to produce a solid metal component out of a flat sheet. This paper focuses on numerical and experimental investigations of a new multistage forming process with compound press tools. The complete process sequence for the production of this solid metal component consists of three forming stages, which include a total of six production techniques. The first forming stage includes deep drawing, simultaneous cutting and following wall upsetting. In the second forming stage, flange forming combined with cup bottom ironing takes place. In the last stage of the process sequence, the component is sized. To investigate and to improve process parameters such as plastic strain distribution, resulting dimensions and process forces, FEA is performed. Based on these results the developed process is designed.
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Gan, Yong, Han Chao Wang, and Ying Ying Guo. "The Research of Forming Process Parameters Influence on the Square Cup of TWBs’ Weld-Line Movement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4835.
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The forming process of the square cup of TWBs is studied through the numerical simulation by Dynaform, and combined with orthogonal test, analyzed the thickness ratio, strength ratio, weld-line position, total blank-holder force, the thinner side’s blank-holder rate and the friction coefficient’s relations with the square cup of TWBs’ weld-line movement during the stamping process, and using the BP neural network toolbox model to forecast the weld-line movement in the process of forming. Studies show that regardless of the thickness ratio impact on the bottom of the square cup or on the flange, weld-line movements are at the maximum, the strength ratio is the second. The smaller proportion of the thinner side of the base material, the lower weld-line movement is. Selecting the suitable thinner side and thicker side’s blank-holder, and the reasonable lubrication conditions can control the value of the weld-line movement.
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SMITH, KEVIN B. "CONVERGENCE, STABILITY, AND VARIABILITY OF SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS USING A SPLIT-STEP FOURIER PARABOLIC EQUATION MODEL." Journal of Computational Acoustics 09, no. 01 (March 2001): 243–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x01000401.
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The Shallow Water Acoustic Modeling (SWAM'99) Workshop was organized to examine the ability of various acoustic propagation models to accurately predict sound transmission in a variety of shallow water environments designed with realistic perturbations. In order to quantify this, tests of reciprocity, convergence, and stability must be considered. This paper presents the results of an established parabolic equation model based on the split-step Fourier algorithm. The test cases examined in this paper include a simple isospeed water column over a flat bottom with geoacoustic parameter variations, a randomly sloping bottom with geoacoustic parameter variations, and a canonical shallow water profile perturbed by internal waves over a flat, homogeneous bottom. Source configurations were generally held constant but numerous single frequency and broadband runs were performed. Model testing is emphasized with specific criteria for accurate solutions being specified. Random perturbations are added to one test case to examine the influence of environmental uncertainty on the details of the propagation. The results indicate that point-wise accurate solutions to the acoustic field in shallow water cannot be achieved beyond a few kilometers. This is partly due to the inaccuracies of the split-step Fourier algorithm employed in these shallow water scenarios and the treatment of the bottom interface boundary conditions, but also due to the inherent variability caused by uncertain environmental specification. Thus, more general features of the acoustic field should be emphasized at longer ranges.
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Liu, Mei, J. Zhu, Min Zhuo, Jing Wu, and Shi Xing Jia. "Design and Implementation of SOI Based Capacitive Microaccelerometers Without Notching Effects." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.108.
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We report our efforts towards designing and fabricating capacitive microaccelerometers with flat bottom surfaces free from the notching effects of Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) based on SOI process. The substrate layer under the device structure is etched and a metal film is deposited to the backside of moving structure for protecting the bottom surfaces so that the stiction problem and notching effects are avoided. The test results demonstrate that SOI accelerometers have been released successfully. The measured sensitivity is 169.1mV/g and the linearity of output is within 0.202%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flat Bottom Cup test"
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Lanzon, Joseph, and kimg@deakin edu au. "EVALUATING LUBRICANTS IN SHEET METAL FORMING." Deakin University. Department of Science and Engineering, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040428.095238.
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The sheet metal forming process basically involves the shaping of sheet metal of various thickness and material properties into the desired contours. This metal forming process has been extensively used by the automotive industry to manufacture both car panels and parts. Over the years numerous investigations have been conducted on various aspects of the manufacturing process with varied success. In recent years the requirements on the sheet metal forming industry have headed towards improved stability in the forming process while lowering environmental burdens. Therefore the overall aim of this research was to identify a technique for developing lubricant formulations that are insensitive to the sheet metal forming process.
Due to the expense of running experiments on production presses and to improve time efficiency of the process the evaluation procedure was required to be performed in a laboratory. Preliminary investigations in the friction/lubricant system identified several laboratory tests capable of measuring lubricant performance and their interaction with process variables. However, little was found on the correlation between laboratory tests and production performance of lubricants. Therefore the focus of the research switched to identifying links between the performance of lubricants in a production environment and laboratory tests. To reduce the influence of external parameters all significant process variables were identified and included in the correlation study to ensure that lubricant formulations could be desensitised to all significant variables.
The significant process variables were found to be sensitive to die position, for
instance: contact pressure, blank coating of the strips and surface roughness of the dies were found significant for the flat areas of the die while no variables affected friction when polished drawbeads were used. The next phase was to identify the interaction between the significant variables and the main lubricant ingredient groups. Only the fatty material ingredient group (responsible for the formation of boundary lubricant regimes) was found to significantly influence friction with no interaction between the ingredient groups. The influence of varying this ingredient group was then investigated in a production part and compared to laboratory results.
The correlation between production performance and laboratory tests was found to be test dependant. With both the Flat Face Friction test and the Drawbead Simulator unaffected by changes in the lubricant formulation, while the Flat Bottom Cup test showing similar results as the production trial. It is believed that the lack of correlation between the friction tests and the production performance of the lubricant is due to the absence of bulk plastic deformation of the strip. For this reason the Ohio State University (OSU) friction test was incorporated in the lubricant evaluation procedure along with a Flat Bottom Cup test.
Finally, it is strongly believed that if the lubricant evaluation procedure highlighted in this research is followed then lubricant formulations can be developed confidently in the laboratory.
Book chapters on the topic "Flat Bottom Cup test"
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Iapige De Gaetani, Carlo, Anna Maria Marotta, Riccardo Barzaghi, Mirko Reguzzoni, and Lorenzo Rossi. "The Gravity Effect of Topography: A Comparison among Three Different Methods." In Geodetic Sciences - Theory, Applications and Recent Developments. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97718.
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In this paper, three different methods for computing the terrain correction have been compared. The terrain effect has been accounted for by using the standard right parallelepiped closed formula, the spherical tesseroid and the flat tesseroid formulas. Particularly, the flat tesseroid approximation is obtained by flattening the top and the bottom sides of the spherical tesseroid. Its gravitational effect can be computed as the gravitational effect of a polyhedron, i.e. a three-dimensional body with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices. These three methods have been applied in the context of a Bouguer reduction scheme. Two tests were devised in the Alpine area in order to quantify possible discrepancies. In the first test, the terrain correction has been evaluated on a grid of points on the DTM. In the second test, Bouguer gravity anomalies were computed on sparse observed gravity data points. The results prove that the three methods are practically equivalent even in an area of rough topography though, in the second test, the Bouguer anomalies obtained by using the tesseroid and the flat tesseroid formulas have slightly smaller RMSs than the one obtained by applying the standard right parallelepiped formula.
Conference papers on the topic "Flat Bottom Cup test"
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Gill, David D., Nathan P. Siegel, Robert W. Bradshaw, and Clifford K. Ho. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of an Apparatus for Material Compatibility Testing in Nitrate Salts at Temperatures Up to 700°C." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54250.
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Thermal energy storage is one of the key differentiators between Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and other renewable energy technologies. Molten salt is an effective and affordable method of storing thermal energy. Current salt storage systems charge at temperatures between 390°C and 585°C (oil filled parabolic trough systems to molten salt towers). It is highly desirable to increase the operating temperature of salt storage systems in order to increase the efficiency of the power cycle and to permit the use of alternative, high-temperature cycles. However, higher salt temperatures cause increased reactivity and thus increased corrosion rates in many materials. In order to utilize molten salt at higher temperature, it is necessary to test and understand these corrosion interactions at elevated temperature. A corrosion test system has been designed and built for evaluating molten salt/material interactions to 700°C. The primary components of this system are several salt containment vessels that are constructed of 6″ dia. × 24″ long stainless steel, aluminum diffusion treated pipes with flat plate welded to one end and a flanged lid on the other. The vessels are designed to operate with a charge of 10 kg of molten salt and accommodate a “sample tree” on which corrosion test coupons may be suspended. The salt vessels are heated and insulated on the bottom half, roughly to the salt fill level, and cooled on the top half to protect the flange gasket and feedthrough ports. The samples trees have a stainless plate that reduces radiative heat transfer from the molten salt to the lid. Finite element analysis was performed to determine the pipe length and heating and cooling requirements to maintain molten salt at 700°C while limiting the lid gasket to 300°C or less. The vessels are designed to have an oxygen atmosphere in the ullage region to mitigate nitrate decomposition. Oxygen systems for operation at 700°C require careful design including the sizing, routing, cleanliness, and material selection of components in order to reduce risk of fire. Additionally, the system is designed to run at 1–2 psig which requires specialized low pressure / high temperature components. In this paper we present the design of the molten salt corrosion test system including details related to the containment vessels, oxygen handling system, and control software along with a discussion of the safety considerations necessary for these high temperature, high oxygen partial pressure tests.
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Momoki, Satoru, Kenichi Araki, Toru Shigechi, Takashi Yamada, Kaoru Toyoda, Tomohiko Yamaguchi, and Jambal Odgerel. "Effect of the Bottom and Top Configurations on Pool Film Boiling Around a Vertical Finite-Length Cylinder." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44122.
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The bottom configuration of a vertical finite-length cylinder is an important factor to examine the convective heat transfer by film boiling around a vertical finite-length cylinder, as the vapor generated under the bottom surface grows thicker during flowing upward along the vertical lateral surface and finally leaves the top surface as bubbles. In this study, four types of silver cylinder with a vertical lateral length equal to the diameter of 32mm were prepared for the possible combinations of bottom and top configurations: with a flat bottom and a flat top, with a flat bottom and a curved top, with a curved bottom and a flat top, and with a curved bottom and a curved top, where “flat” refers to “horizontal” and “curved” to “convex hemispherical”. Quenching experiments have been carried out for the test cylinders for saturated and subcooled water at atmospheric pressure. The initial temperature in the measurement is 600 °C. Boiling curves were obtained from the cooling curves measured using a K-type thermocouple inserted near the center on the axis of the test cylinder and the film boiling process was observed by still and high speed video cameras. The following results were obtained from the experiments using four types of test cylinder. 1. For saturated water, the test cylinders are entirely covered with a thick continuous vapor film, however, the effect of bottom configuration on film boiling heat transfer is appeared within 18% in terms of the wall heat flux averaged over the entire surface depending on the vapor fluid flow on the bottom and vertical lateral surfaces. 2. For the cylinders with a flat bottom surface, the wall heat flux averaged over the entire surface increases significantly with an increase in liquid sub cooling. This is attributed to that the convective heat transfer and the surface area ratio on the vertical lateral surface are predominant and govern the total heat transfer. 3. The effects of the cylinder top configurations on the film boiling heat transfer are small as the heat transfer on the top surface is small compared with that on the vertical lateral surface. 4. The differences between film boiling characteristics due to the bottom and top configurations are explained by examining the average heat transfer coefficient composed of the heat transfer coefficient and the surface area ratio on each surface. 5. The minimum wall superheat corresponding to the vapor-film-collapse is almost constant at 133K for four types of test cylinder in saturated water. In subcooled water, the minimum wall superheat for the cylinders with a flat bottom surface is larger than that for the cases with a convex hemispherical bottom surface.
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Benjamin, Adilson C., Jose Luiz F. Freire, Ronaldo D. Vieira, and Edmundo Q. de Andrade. "Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Closely Spaced Corrosion Defects." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92131.
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In this paper the burst tests of five tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from a longitudinal welded tube made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). The specimen IDTS 8 contains only one defect, herein called base defect. The base defect is an external flat bottomed defect with uniform width (circumferential dimension). The other four specimens contain groups of interacting defects constituted by the combination of three or more base defects. All the defects were machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective groups of defects. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the laboratory tests are compared with those predicted by five assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects, the RPA method and the RSTRENG Effective Area method.
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Benjamin, Adilson C., Jose Luiz F. Freire, Ronaldo D. Vieira, Jorge L. C. Diniz, and Edmundo Q. de Andrade. "Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Interacting Corrosion Defects." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67059.
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In this paper the burst tests of seven tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from longitudinal welded tubes made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). The specimen IDTS 1 is a defect-free pipe. The specimen IDTS 2 contains only one defect, herein called base defect. The base defect is an external flat bottomed defect with uniform width (circumferential dimension). The other five specimens contain groups of interacting defects constituted by the combination of two or more base defects. All the defects were machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective groups of defects. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the laboratory tests are compared with those predicted by six assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects, the RPA method, the RSTRENG Effective Area method and the DNV RP-F101 method for interacting defects.
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Zencker, Uwe, Linan Qiao, and Holger Völzke. "Influence of Impact Angle and Real Target Properties on Drop Test Results of Cubic Containers." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65731.
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Drop test scenarios with cubic containers without impact limiters at interim storage sites or in a final repository have been investigated by numerical simulations. An ideally flat drop is impossible to conduct as a free fall of a container even under laboratory conditions. Dynamic stresses and strains inside the container structure are sensitive to the impact angle. Even very small impact angles cause remarkable changes in the experimental or numerical results when a flat bottom or wall of a container hits a flat target. For drop tests with transport packages the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations define an essentially unyielding target. In contrast, potential accident scenarios for storage containers are derived from site-specific safety analyses or acceptance criteria in Germany. Each interim storage site or repository has a yielding or so-called real target with individual structural and material properties. The real target acts as a kind of impact limiter. A more conservative container design is required if the impact limiting effect of the target is not considered.
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Liou, Jhan-Hong, Chia-Wei Chang, Chi Chao, and Shwin-Chung Wong. "Visualization and Thermal Resistance Measurement for the Sintered Mesh-Wick Evaporator in Operating Flat-Plate Heat Pipes." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88125.
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This work presents visualization and measurement of the evaporation resistance for operating flat-plate heat pipes with sintered multi-layer copper-mesh wick. A glass plate was adopted as the top wall for visualization. The multi-layer copper-mesh wick was sintered on the copper bottom plate. With different combinations of 100 and 200 mesh screens, the wick thickness ranged from 0.26 mm to 0.8 mm. Uniform heating was applied to the base plate near one end with a heated surface of 1.1×1.1 cm2. At the other end was a cooling water jacket. At various water charges, the evaporation resistances were measured with evaporation behavior visualized for heat fluxes of 16–160 W/cm2. Quiescent surface evaporation without nucleate boiling was observed for all test conditions. With heat flux increased, the water film receded and the evaporation resistance reduced. The minimum evaporation resistances were found when a thin water film was sustained in the bottom mesh layer. With heat flux further increased, partial dry-out appeared with dry patches in the bottom mesh holes, first at the upstream end of the heated area and then expanded across the evaporator. The evaporation resistance rose in response to the appearance and expansion of partial dry-out. When the fine 200 mesh screen was used as the bottom layer, its thinner thickness and stronger capillarity led to smaller minimum evaporation resistances.
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Momoki, Satoru, Kaoru Toyoda, Takashi Yamada, Toru Shigechi, and Tomohiko Yamaguchi. "Experiments and Analysis on Film Boiling Heat Transfer Around a Finite-Length Vertical Cylinder With a Convex Surface Swelling Downward." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48307.
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A method of predicting the overall heat transfer coefficient and the temperature at the lower limit of film boiling for a finite-length cylinder with flat top and bottom surfaces has been researched and proposed in a previous paper. This paper presents and compares an analysis in the case of a cylinder with a hemispherical bottom. The film boiling heat transfer around a vertical silver cylinder with a convex hemispherical bottom surface is investigated both experimentally and analytically in the present study. The obtained results are also compared and discussed with the authors’ previous results for a finite-length cylinder with flat top and bottom surfaces. Quenching experiments were performed using silver cylinders in saturated water. The diameter and length of the test cylinders are 32mm and 48mm, respectively. The test cylinder was heated up to about 600°C in an electric furnace and then cooled down in saturated quiescent water at atmospheric pressure. The resultant cooling and boiling curves and photographs of the film boiling phenomena are presented and discussed. The average heat transfer performance of the hemispherically bottomed cylinder is about 20% higher than that of the flat bottomed cylinder. The degree of wall superheating at the lower limit of film boiling is about 133K. The saturated film boiling heat transfer around the vertical finite-length cylinder with a convex hemispherical bottom was analyzed by taking into account the convective heat transfers from the bottom, side and top surfaces of the cylinder. The resulting analytical data correlated closely with the experimental data in the present study.
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Chin, Pui Ling, Nicholas Moses, Abdil Adzeem B Ahmad Mahdzan, Azfar Israa Abu Bakar, M. Abshar B. M. Nor, Muhammad Yusof Bin Mohd Aziss, Noor Hidayah A. Rashid, et al. "World Longest Single-Trip Multizone Cased Hole Gravel Packing with Alternate Path Shunt Tubes." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21324-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A multizone cased hole completion with a bottom hole assembly of world-record length at 2,600 ft was installed in Malaysia in November 2019 where three zones were simultaneously gravel packed in a single trip utilizing shunt tube technology. This sand control completion was successfully executed with a combination of sand control pumping and sand control tools, unconventionally performed by two different service providers. The well consisted of three zones of interest approximately 1,000 ft apart. The bottomhole assembly was designed with two shunted cup packers for zonal isolation and shunted 12-gauge wire wrapped screens across each perforation. The shunts were left open ended below the cup packers, allowing the carrier fluid to exit the zone below with minimal friction. Downhole memory gauges were deployed along the washpipes for post job evaluation. Diligent lab testing was performed to select the carrier fluid, a clarified high-grade xanthan polymer with good 20/40 proppant suspension with less formation damage and acceptable dehydration to avoid bridging inside the shunts. Detailed risk assessment that was performed during the planning stage focusing on interfaces, equipment limitations, expediting, and decision flow charts between the two service providers led to flawless execution at the wellsite. Compared with conventional stack-pack completion, significant time savings of approximately seven days was observed with this single-trip design; the concept of open-ended shunts below the cup packers replaced the majority of the shunted blank pipes with standard blank pipes, eliminating the time required to install jumper tubes. Good results were observed during the injectivity test in addition to the well already having losses of 20 bbl/h. Hence, no acidizing was required prior to the gravel-packing operation. Based on surface monitoring, there was clear indication of sequential packing from the top zone to the bottom-most zone via shunt tubes, followed by a final screenout. Findings were further verified after performing the downhole bottomhole gauge analysis using the retrieved data from the memory gauges. The well has been in production since December 2019.
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Abou-Hanna, Jeries J., Timothy McGreevy, Abdalla Elbella, and Haithem Algousi. "Sensitivity Analysis of Hydro-Rim Deep Drawing of Cylindrical Cups." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41120.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to help predict practical test conditions of intelligent hydro-rim deep forming of cylindrical cups under controlled cooled punch and heated blank temperatures, punch speed, chamber and rim pressures, and punch friction. The study focused on finding practical process conditions for maximizing the drawing ratio by variations in blank and punch temperatures, friction, rim pressure, chamber pressure, and punch speed. The study was based on an experimental cell that aimed at using real time control of the mentioned parameters to delay the necking process. The finite element material model considered the plastic behavior to be strain rate and temperature dependent. While conventional deep drawing is limited to a Limit Drawing Ratio (LDR) of about 2, the results show that a parameters listed above. Blank temperature, punch friction, rim pressure, and chamber pressure provide significant influence of various degrees on increasing the cup drawing ratio. Blank heating is very effective, but does not by itself guarantee higher LDR. The presence of punch friction coupled with chamber pressure tends to delay the necking and moves the latter up along the cup wall and away from the cup bottom corner. Rim pressure, while difficult to implement, results in significant improvement of the LDR, since it helps push the material into the die, and in doing so reduces the cup-wall tension that causes the material instability. High rim pressure, on the other hand, increases the blank thickness resulting in increased blank holder loads. Punch temperature does not play as critical a role as the blank temperature in maintaining a high LDR under the conditions investigated. The study revealed that punch speed had to be above a certain critical level for a LDR of 4. However, increased punch speed proved to cause higher variations in the thickness along cup wall. It is important to mention that the results of this study do not necessarily apply to all metals; copper material was used here. Metals with low ductility, for example would react differently, a subject of future studies.
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Yu, Qiang, Masato Fujita, Tsuyoki Shibata, Takayoshi Katahira, and Masaki Shiratori. "A Study on Repetitive Drop Test Method and for Electronic Component." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33345.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, mobile phones have been miniaturized, so electronic components with high I/O count have been changed from QFP/SOIC to BGA/LGA. However BGA/LGA tends to have weak reliability for drop impact, and the drop reliability needs to be improved. For that, board level drop reliability has an important role in order to evaluate drop reliability for electronic components excluding influence from phone mechanics. This study focuses on the characterization of the test methods using experimental test, strain analysis and FEM simulation. In this paper, board level drop test shows drop a fixture with a component assembled on PWB. The drop test using a fixture with a flat bottom lacked of repeatability of failed drop count, and it was improved by adding hemisphere at the center on fixture bottom to reduce the influence by variation of falling posture angle, and strain analysis and the drop experimental proved it, too. The deformations of the fixture influence the test results, because the deformation of fixture caused high stress on solder joints. For that, the method to exclude the influence of fixture deformation was studied, and it was found that the influence can be decreased by supporting condition of PWB with a free-sliding end or the new design of the fixture. On the other hand, the effect of height of drop, mass of fixture, and supporting condition on the drop test, can be thought as the acceleration factors for the dropping load conditions. The drop tests were done in many load conditions. The results were analyzed by strain analysis and FEM simulation. As a result, an accelerating ratio can be evaluated by predicting the effect of these factors, and effective dropping test can be conduct without increasing the dropping height exceedingly.