Journal articles on the topic 'Flasher calibration'
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Chepurnov, A. S., M. B. Gromov, E. A. Litvinovich, I. N. Machulin, M. D. Skorokhvatov, and A. F. Shamarin. "The Calibration System Based On the Controllable UV/visible LED Flasher for the Veto System of the DarkSide Detector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 798 (January 2017): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/798/1/012118.
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Suggs, R. M., S. R. Ehlert, and D. E. Moser. "A comparison of radiometric calibration techniques for lunar impact flashes." Planetary and Space Science 143 (September 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2017.04.016.
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Saint-Maurice, Pedro F., Youngwon Kim, Paul Hibbing, April Y. Oh, Frank M. Perna, and Gregory J. Welk. "Calibration and Validation of the Youth Activity Profile: The FLASHE Study." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 52, no. 6 (June 2017): 880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.010.
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Zhang, Daile, Kenneth L. Cummins, Phillip Bitzer, and William J. Koshak. "Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of the Lightning Imaging Sensor." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 6 (June 2019): 1015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0173.1.
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AbstractThe Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) that was on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite captured optical emissions produced by lightning. In this work, we quantify and evaluate the LIS performance characteristics at both the pixel level of LIS events and contiguous clusters of events known as groups during a recent 2-yr period. Differences in the detection threshold among the four quadrants in the LIS pixel array produce small but meaningful differences in their optical characteristics. In particular, one LIS quadrant (Q1, X ≥ 64; Y ≥ 64) detects 15%–20% more lightning events than the others because of a lower detection threshold. Sensitivity decreases radially from the center of the LIS array to the edges because of sensor optics. The observed falloff behavior is larger on orbit than was measured during the prelaunch laboratory calibration and is likely linked to changes in cloud scattering pathlength with instrument viewing angle. Also, a two-season comparison with the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has uncovered a 5–7-km north–south LIS location offset that changes sign because of periodic TRMM yaw maneuvers. LIS groups and flashes that had any temporally and spatially corresponding NLDN reports (i.e., NLDN reported the radio signals from the same group and/or from other groups in the same flash) tended to be spatially larger and last longer (only for flashes) than the overall population of groups/flashes.
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Kim, Sang-Hun, Sang-Geun Hong, Han-Yeol Lee, Won-Ki Park, Wang-Yong Lee, Sung-Chul Lee, and Young-Chan Jang. "1V 1.6-GS/s 6-bit Flash ADC with Clock Calibration Circuit." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2012): 1847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2012.16.9.1847.
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Zhao, Li, Laurence R. Rilett, and Ernest Tufuor. "Calibrating the Robertson’s Platoon Dispersion Model on a Coordinated Corridor with Advance Warning Flashers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2623, no. 1 (January 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2623-02.
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Platoon dispersion (PD) is the foundation of traffic signal coordination in an urban traffic network. PD describes the phenomenon by which vehicles depart from an upstream intersection as a platoon and begin to disperse before they arrive at the downstream intersection. Recently, advance warning flashers (AWFs) have been applied in many high-speed corridors. There is a need to update the traditional PD model to include the effect of AWFs. This paper examines the traffic flow dispersion patterns when an AWF is present and tests the hypothesis that the AWF will affect PD on a coordinated signal corridor. Platoon vehicles, which are not affected by the operation of the AWF, are used for comparison. Results show that when the AWF effect is included in the PD model, the smoothing factor F of the Robertson’s PD model ranges from 0.11 to 0.13. This range is smaller than the smoothing factor without the AWF effect. The platoon arrival time coefficient β ranges from 0.777 to 0.819 with the AWF effect. This is approximately the same as the default value of 0.8 in the TRANSYT simulation model. The PD coefficient α increases from an average of 0.11 with the AWF effect to an average of 0.24 without the AWF effect, which indicates an increase in roadway friction. It was concluded that AWFs increase the dispersion of the platoons, which might affect signal coordination.
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Frye, G. E., C. K. Hauser, G. Townsend, and E. W. Sellers. "Suppressing flashes of items surrounding targets during calibration of a P300-based brain–computer interface improves performance." Journal of Neural Engineering 8, no. 2 (March 24, 2011): 025024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025024.
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Braune, Markus, Günter Brenner, Siarhei Dziarzhytski, Pavle Juranić, Andrey Sorokin, and Kai Tiedtke. "A non-invasive online photoionization spectrometer for FLASH2." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515022675.
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The stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process of free-electron lasers (FELs) effects pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the radiation properties, such as the photon energy, which are determinative for processes of photon–matter interactions. Hence, SASE FEL sources pose a great challenge for scientific investigations, since experimenters need to obtain precise real-time feedback of these properties for each individual photon bunch for interpretation of the experimental data. Furthermore, any device developed to deliver the according information should not significantly interfere with or degrade the FEL beam. Regarding the spectral properties, a device for online monitoring of FEL wavelengths has been developed for FLASH2, which is based on photoionization of gaseous targets and the measurements of the corresponding electron and ion time-of-flight spectra. This paper presents experimental studies and cross-calibration measurements demonstrating the viability of this online photoionization spectrometer.
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Lu, Shan, Xinwei Wang, Tianzheng Wang, Xinran Qin, Xilin Wang, and Zhidong Jia. "Analysis of Salt Mixture Contamination on Insulators via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072617.
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The composition of contamination deposited on transmission line insulators can affect their surface flashover voltage. Currently, there is no rapid on-line method to detect this contamination composition in power grids. In this paper, we applied laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyze contamination on insulator surfaces. Usually, Na and Ca salts are found in contamination along with various sulfate, carbonate, and chloride compounds. As an element’s detection method, LIBS can only measure a certain element content, for example, Ca. The mixture of various compounds with the same cations can influence the LIBS signal. The influence of mixing ratios on the calibration curves and relative spectral intensity was studied via LIBS. Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaSO4, and CaCO3 samples containing different proportions of Na and Ca were prepared. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) for the Na and Ca calibration curves generated using various mixing ratios were analyzed. The results showed that the mixture ratio did not dramatically affect the linear calibration curves for mixtures containing the same cations. This finding may significantly reduce the difficulty of applying LIBS analysis for complex contamination on insulators. The laser energy density had effects on the spectral characteristics of the measured elements. The partial least-square regression (PLSR) model can improve the accuracy of Na and Ca prediction.
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Hueso, R., M. Delcroix, A. Sánchez-Lavega, S. Pedranghelu, G. Kernbauer, J. McKeon, A. Fleckstein, et al. "Small impacts on the giant planet Jupiter." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832689.
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Context. Video observations of Jupiter obtained by amateur astronomers over the past 8 years have shown five flashes of light with durations of 1–2 s, each observed by at least two observers that were geographically separated. The first three of these events occurred on 3 June 2010, 20 August 2010, and 10 September 2012. Previous analyses of their light curves showed that they were caused by the impact of objects of 5–20 m in diameter, depending on their density, with a released energy comparable to superbolides on Earth of the class of the Chelyabinsk airburst. The most recent two flashes on Jupiter were detected on 17 March 2016 and 26 May 2017 and are analyzed here. Aims. We characterize the energy involved together with the masses and sizes of the objects that produced these flashes. The rate of similar impacts on Jupiter provides improved constraints on the total flux of impacts on the planet, which can be compared to the amount of exogenic species detected in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. Methods. We extracted light curves of the flashes and calculated the masses and sizes of the impacting objects after calibrating each video observation. We also present results from a systematic search of impacts on >72 000 video amateur observations with a customized software that is based on differential photometry of the images. An examination of the number of amateur observations of Jupiter as a function of time over the past years allows us to interpret the statistics of these impact detections. Results. The cumulative flux of small objects (5–20 m or larger) that impact Jupiter is predicted to be low (10–65 impacts per year), and only a fraction of them are potentially observable from Earth (4–25 observable impacts per year in a perfect survey). These numbers imply that many observers are required to efficiently discover Jupiter impacts. Conclusions. We predict that more impacts will be found in the next years, with Jupiter opposition displaced toward summer in the northern hemisphere where most amateur astronomers observe. Objects of this size contribute negligibly to the abundance of exogenous species and dust in the stratosphere of Jupiter when compared with the continuous flux from interplanetary dust particles punctuated by giant impacts. Flashes of a high enough brightness (comparable at their peak to a +3.3 magnitude star) could produce an observable debris field on the planet. We estimate that a continuous search for these impacts might find these events once every 0.4–2.6 yr.
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Berends, Ellen M., Raymond van Ee, and Casper J. Erkelens. "Vertical Disparity Can Alter Perceived Direction." Perception 31, no. 11 (November 2002): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3440.
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It has been well established that vertical disparity is involved in perception of the three-dimensional layout of a visual scene. The goal of this paper was to examine whether vertical disparities can alter perceived direction. We dissociated the common relationship between vertical disparity and the stimulus direction by applying a vertical magnification to the image presented to one eye. We used a staircase paradigm to measure whether perceived straight-ahead depended on the amount of vertical magnification in the stimulus. Subjects judged whether a test dot was flashed to either the left or the right side of straight-ahead. We found that perceived straight-ahead did indeed depend on the amount of vertical magnification but only after subjects adapted (for 5 min) to vertical scale (and only in five out of nine subjects). We argue that vertical disparity is a factor in the calibration of the relationship between eye-position signals and perceived direction.
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Asok, Anju, Fathima Risvana P R, Neemavas A, Punnya Appukuttan, and Sruthi R. Menon. "Fish Spoilage Detector." International Journal of Science, Engineering and Management 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijsem/09.01.a005.
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This project work involves using Arduino Uno software integrated with MQ 137- Ammonia Gas Sensor, MQ 135- Gas Sensor Module and Humidity Sensor Module DHT11 to set up a Fish Spoilage Detector model for the determination of spoilage in fish. The study takes into consideration spoilage seen in fishes and how to detect it. To study the threshold values of Ammonia, and other gases like Carbon Monoxide, model trial runs are carried out to arrive at appropriate hard measures of the threshold values, to improve the stability of a conceptual fish spoilage detector. The ammonia sensor is initially tested with a pure ammonia sample before being used to quantify total volatile basic nitrogen in various fish samples of various freshness levels. When compared to standard procedures like microbe count and chromatography, which take hours to get a result, the sensor can determine the freshness of a sample in a matter of seconds. The sensor response was shown to be highly linked with fish deterioration, demonstrating that using sensors is an effective technique to swiftly test for spoiling in a sample. After calibrating the sensor(which involved watching the fish degrade for almost two days), it was put to the test using random samples, demonstrating that it can accurately distinguish the degree of freshness of the preserved fish at varied temperatures(for measuring which a temperature sensor is also fixed). The model is run until visible indications of fish spoilage are seen. The sensors detect critical levels of ammonia, carbon monoxide and also measure humidity and temperature thereby, emitting warning signals in the form of flashes of light and a sound warning. The model setup also consists of a 1602 (16x2) LCD Display with a 12C/11C Interface that will display the temperature, humidity levels as well as that of ammonia and other gases like carbon monoxide and thus, helps in spoilage detection when the levels of these reach a particular threshold value. Calibration could be improved with detailed studies containing data regarding the rate of spoilage in fishes, temperature and humidity parameters.
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Dunn, S. M. "Imposing constraints on parameter values of a conceptual hydrological model using baseflow response." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 1999): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-271-1999.
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Abstract. Calibration of conceptual hydrological models is frequently limited by a lack of data about the area that is being studied. The result is that a broad range of parameter values can be identified that will give an equally good calibration to the available observations, usually of stream flow. The use of total stream flow can bias analyses towards interpretation of rapid runoff, whereas water quality issues are more frequently associated with low flow condition. This paper demonstrates how model distinctions between surface an sub-surface runoff can be used to define a likelihood measure based on the sub-surface (or baseflow) response. This helps to provide more information about the model behaviour, constrain the acceptable parameter sets and reduce uncertainty in streamflow prediction. A conceptual model, DIY, is applied to two contrasting catchments in Scotland, the Ythan and the Carron Valley. Parameter ranges and envelopes of prediction are identified using criteria based on total flow efficiency, baseflow efficiency and combined efficiencies. The individual parameter ranges derived using the combined efficiency measures still cover relatively wide bands, but are better constrained for the Carron than the Ythan. This reflects the fact that hydrological behaviour in the Carron is dominated by a much flashier surface response than in the Ythan. Hence, the total flow efficiency is more strongly controlled by surface runoff in the Carron and there is a greater contrast with the baseflow efficiency. Comparisons of the predictions using different efficiency measures for the Ythan also suggest that there is a danger of confusing parameter uncertainties with data and model error, if inadequate likelihood measures are defined.
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Stepanian, A. A., Y. L. Zyskin, and A. P. Kornienko. "The effect of calibration errors of the multichannel image camera for detecting EAS Cerenkov flashes and variation of sky brightness on results of data analysis." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 1967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/11/023.
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Bankert, Richard L., Jeremy E. Solbrig, Thomas F. Lee, and Steven D. Miller. "Automated Lightning Flash Detection in Nighttime Visible Satellite Data." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05002.1.
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Abstract The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) nighttime visible channel was designed to detect earth–atmosphere features under conditions of low illumination (e.g., near the solar terminator or via moonlight reflection). However, this sensor also detects visible light emissions from various terrestrial sources (both natural and anthropogenic), including lightning-illuminated thunderstorm tops. This research presents an automated technique for objectively identifying and enhancing the bright steaks associated with lightning flashes, even in the presence of lunar illumination, derived from OLS imagery. A line-directional filter is applied to the data in order to identify lightning strike features and an associated false color imagery product enhances this information while minimizing false alarms. Comparisons of this satellite product to U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data in one case as well as to a lightning mapping array (LMA) in another case demonstrate general consistency to within the expected limits of detection. This algorithm is potentially useful in either finding or confirming electrically active storms anywhere on the globe, particularly those occurring in remote areas where surface-based observations are not available. Additionally, the OLS nighttime visible sensor provides heritage data for examining the potential usefulness of the Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) on future satellites including the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP). The VIIRS DNB will offer several improvements to the legacy OLS nighttime visible channel, including full calibration and collocation with 21 narrowband spectral channels.
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Liu, R., X. Zou, X. Wang, L. He, and N. Zeng. "X-pinch experiments with pulsed power generator (PPG-1) at Tsinghua University." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 1 (January 4, 2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034608000025.
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AbstractThe test on an X-pinch device powered by a pulsed power generator (PPG-I) was carried out step by step. In the first step, a brass rod of 6 mm in diameter was used as a load to replace the X-pinch load. The results of the first step shows that all the current, about 200 kA in amplitude, output from PPG-I flows through the load and no breakdown or flashover in vacuum of the load section happens. The waveform of the current from PPG-I measured with a wall resistor coincides exactly with that of the load current measured with a Rogowski coil, which indicates that the calibrations of the wall resistor and Rogowski coil are correct. In the second step, an X-pinch load made of two molybdenum wires of 40 µm in diameter was used. It was found that the distance between the cathode and anode affects considerably the operation of the device. While breakdown in vacuum happens for the distance equal to 30 mm, it works very well for the distance equal to 16 mm. The reason for this phenomenon was given.
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Samuel J., Jensen, Paul Pramod M., A. Ramesh, Anand Mammen Thomas, V. Ramanujachari, R. Murugesan, and A. Kumarasamy. "Development and Demonstration of Control Strategies for a Common Rail Direct Injection Armoured Fighting Vehicle Engine." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 4 (June 30, 2017): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.11450.
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<p class="Abstract">The development of a controller which can be used for engines used in armoured fighting vehicles is discussed. This involved choosing a state of the art reference common rail automotive Diesel engine and setting-up of a transient engine testing facility. The dynamometer through special real-time software was controlled to vary the engine speed and throttle position. The reference engine was first tested with its stock ECU and its bounds of operation were identified. Several software modules were developed in-house in stages and evaluated on special test benches before being integrated and tested on the reference engine. Complete engine control software was thus developed in Simulink and flashed on to an open engine controller which was then interfaced with the engine. The developed control software includes strategies for closed loop control of fuel rail pressure, boost pressure, idle speed, coolant temperature based engine de-rating, control of fuel injection timing, duration and number of injections per cycle based on engine speed and driver input. The developed control algorithms also facilitated online calibration of engine maps and manual over-ride and control of engine parameters whenever required. The software was further tuned under transient conditions on the actual engine for close control of various parameters including rail pressure, idling speed and boost pressure. Finally, the developed control strategies were successfully demonstrated and validated on the reference engine being loaded on customised transient cycles on the transient engine testing facility with inputs based on military driving conditions. The developed controller can be scaled up for armoured fighting vehicle engines.</p>
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Gourley, Jonathan J., Zachary L. Flamig, Humberto Vergara, Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, Robert A. Clark, Elizabeth Argyle, Ami Arthur, et al. "The FLASH Project: Improving the Tools for Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction across the United States." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00247.1.
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Abstract This study introduces the Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) project. FLASH is the first system to generate a suite of hydrometeorological products at flash flood scale in real-time across the conterminous United States, including rainfall average recurrence intervals, ratios of rainfall to flash flood guidance, and distributed hydrologic model–based discharge forecasts. The key aspects of the system are 1) precipitation forcing from the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)’s Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system, 2) a computationally efficient distributed hydrologic modeling framework with sufficient representation of physical processes for flood prediction, 3) capability to provide forecasts at all grid points covered by radars without the requirement of model calibration, and 4) an open-access development platform, product display, and verification system for testing new ideas in a real-time demonstration environment and for fostering collaborations. This study assesses the FLASH system’s ability to accurately simulate unit peak discharges over a 7-yr period in 1,643 unregulated gauged basins. The evaluation indicates that FLASH’s unit peak discharges had a linear and rank correlation of 0.64 and 0.79, respectively, and that the timing of the peak discharges has errors less than 2 h. The critical success index with FLASH was 0.38 for flood events that exceeded action stage. FLASH performance is demonstrated and evaluated for case studies, including the 2013 deadly flash flood case in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the 2015 event in Houston, Texas—both of which occurred on Memorial Day weekends.
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Bock, D. N., and V. A. Labusov. "Determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (review)." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 12 (December 20, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-12-5-19.
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A review of publications regarding detection of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys using optical emission spectrometry with single-spark spectrum registration is presented. The main advantage of the method - an extremely short time of measurement (~1 min) – makes it useful for the purposes of direct production control. A spark-induced impact on a non-metallic inclusion results in a sharp increase (flashes) in the intensities of spectral lines of the elements that comprise the inclusion because their content in the metal matrix is usually rather small. The intensity distribution of the spectral line of the element obtained from several thousand of single-spark spectra consists of two parts: i) the Gaussian function corresponding to the content of the element in a dissolved form, and ii) an asymmetric additive in the region of high intensity values ??attributed to inclusions. Their quantitative determination is based on the assumption that the intensity of the spectral line in the single-spark spectrum is proportional to the content of the element in the matter ablated by the spark. Thus, according to the calibration dependence constructed using samples with a certified total element content, it is possible not only to determine the proportions of the dissolved and undissolved element, but also the dimensions of the individual inclusions. However, determination of the sizes is limited to a range of 1 – 20 µm. Moreover, only Al-containing inclusions can be determined quantitatively nowadays. Difficulties occur both with elements hardly dissolved in steels (O, Ca, Mg, S), and with the elements which exhibit rather high content in the dissolved form (Si, Mn). It is also still impossible to determine carbides and nitrides in steels using C and N lines. The use of time-resolved spectrometry can reduce the detection limits for inclusions containing Si and, possibly, Mn. The use of the internal standard in determination of the inclusions can also lower the detection limits, but may distort the results. Substitution of photomultipliers by solid-state linear radiation detectors provided development of more reliable internal standard, based on the background value in the vicinity of the spectral line. Verification of the results is difficult in the lack of standard samples of composition of the inclusions. Future studies can expand the range of inclusions to be determined by this method.
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Martin, Joel T., Joana Pinto, Daniel Bulte, and Manuel Spitschan. "PyPlr: A versatile, integrated system of hardware and software for researching the human pupillary light reflex." Behavior Research Methods, December 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01759-3.
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AbstractWe introduce PyPlr—a versatile, integrated system of hardware and software to support a broad spectrum of research applications concerning the human pupillary light reflex (PLR). PyPlr is a custom Python library for integrating a research-grade video-based eye-tracker system with a light source and streamlining stimulus design, optimisation and delivery, device synchronisation, and extraction, cleaning, and analysis of pupil data. We additionally describe how full-field, homogenous stimulation of the retina can be realised with a low-cost integrating sphere that serves as an alternative to a more complex Maxwellian view setup. Users can integrate their own light source, but we provide full native software support for a high-end, commercial research-grade 10-primary light engine that offers advanced control over the temporal and spectral properties of light stimuli as well as spectral calibration utilities. Here, we describe the hardware and software in detail and demonstrate its capabilities with two example applications: (1) pupillometer-style measurement and parametrisation of the PLR to flashes of white light, and (2) comparing the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) to flashes of long and short-wavelength light. The system holds promise for researchers who would favour a flexible approach to studying the PLR and the ability to employ a wide range of temporally and spectrally varying stimuli, including simple narrowband stimuli.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2398, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2398/1/011001.
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AtmoHEAD (ATmospheric Monitoring for High Energy Astroparticle Detectors) is a periodic 3-days international workshop on the influence of the atmosphere on high-energy cosmic-ray and gamma-ray astroparticle detectors. The 2022 edition is focused on atmospheric monitoring and on the detection and study of events related to atmospheric electricity. The event follows the tradition of previous AtmoHEAD conferences - AtmoHEAD 2013 in Saclay, 2014 in Padova, 2016 in Olomouc and 2018 in Anacapri. The atmosphere is an integral component of many high-energy astroparticle detectors. These include Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) and ground or space based cosmic-ray extensive air shower detectors. All these observatories use the atmosphere as a giant calorimeter where cosmic rays and gamma rays deposit their energy and initiate extensive air showers; it is also the medium through which the resulting Cherenkov and Fluorescence light propagates, and through which it is attenuated and scattered before reaching the detectors. Clearly, a precise and quantitative monitoring of the atmospheric aerosol and molecular conditions are mandatory for an accurate reconstruction of the detected events. Moreover, in the last years there is a growing interest in the detection of electrical phenomena (ELVES, TGFs, ...) developed in atmosphere with high-energy astroparticle detectors, which represent a unique opportunity to study the characteristics of these events with large statistics and precision. New and common monitoring and calibration instruments including lidars, distant laser facilities, cloud monitors, all sky cameras, sun/moon photometers, satellite observations, lightning sensors, as well as simulations, are among the most important tools of these observatories. These online workshop proceedings are grouped in two main sections, Atmospheric Characterization and Atmospheric Electricity and focus on the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of techniques and instruments. Some more detail on the topics treated in the workshop : • the influence of the atmosphere on the measurements of present and future UHECR and gamma-ray experiments • terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, transient luminous events and general topics in atmospheric electricity • analysis techniques and instruments • public global data sets, models and simulations We take advantage of this preface to thank all the participants for the very fruitful discussions that came up during the workshop in a friendly and collaborative atmosphere, among participants of different but complementary fields. This was the main goal of AtmoHEAD 2022. AtmoHEAD 2022 was organized by the Department of Physics “E. Pancini ” of the University of Napoli Federico II and by the Napoli Division of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).