Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flash ignition

Academic literature on the topic 'Flash ignition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Wang, Guixia, and Junhong Su. "Study of the length and influencing factors of air plasma ignition time." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0067.

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Abstract When a high-energy laser acts on a film surface, plasma flashes of both the air and film can be generated simultaneously. However, when the conventional plasma flash method is used to identify thin film damage, there is a misjudgment problem caused by the inability to distinguish the air and film plasma flashes. In order to solve the problem of misjudgment, the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes can be obtained, respectively. If the ignition times of air and thin film plasma flashes are not equal, they can be distinguished from the time difference. In this paper, a nanosecond Nd:YAG pulse laser is used to break down the air at room temperature and pressure, and the theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are obtained. The curves of the ignition time of air plasma flash with the laser wavelength, incident energy, focusing spot, and pulse width are simulated. The reasons for the changes are analyzed from the perspectives of multiphoton absorption, cascade ionization theory, and electromagnetic theory of laser breakdown gas. The results show that when the laser pulse width is 10 ns, the energy is 160 mJ, and the spot radius is 0.015 cm. The theoretical and experimental values of the ignition time of air plasma flash are 2.146 and 2 ns, respectively, which are in good agreement. Larger values of laser focus spot size and pulse width relate to a longer ignition time of the air plasma flash, whereas larger values of laser wavelength and incident energy are related to a shorter ignition time. The research reflects the characteristics and electronic transition of air plasma, as well as the micromorphological evolution of the interaction between laser and air, presents the process of air plasma flash generation and growth, and reveals the ignition mechanism of air plasma. It not only provides a basis for improving the traditional plasma flash identification method to identify film damage but also has a certain scientific significance for studying the generation mechanism of laser-supported combustion waves and detonation waves.
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Siregar, Muhammad Andira Mulia, and Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho. "Study on Auto-Ignition Behavior of Lubricating Oil in a Cone Calorimeter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.161.

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Auto-ignition behavior of lubricating oil is studied experimentally using a cone calorimeter. Based on its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), the adopted lubricating oil has a flash point temperature of 228°C, The measurement of auto-ignition behavior was carried at atmospheric pressure in range of temperature between 350°C to 550°C. In this work, the optical density of smoke resulting from the combustion process was measured at auto-ignition temperature. The result of this study shows that the auto-ignition behavior of lubricating oil is strongly depend on conditions of gas mixture, i.e. oil vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen mixtures. The lubricating oil started to ignite at irradiance temperature of cone heater at 500°C with a measured heat flux value of 16,7 kW/m2. At lower temperatures ignition of the mixture occured by piloted igniton sources. No ignition was observed at temperature less than 350°C. At higher irradiance temperature and heat flux (550°C and 21,1 kW/m2), auto-ignition occured at shorter time to ignition and producing higher value of smokes optical density of 1 - 1.4 m-1.
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Sysoev, N. N., A. I. Osipov, A. V. Uvarov, and O. A. Kosichkin. "Flash ignition of a carbon nanotube." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 66, no. 5 (October 2011): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134911050158.

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Turekova, Ivana, Zuzana Turňová, Peter Vekony, and Martin Pastier. "Study of Polymeric Materials Burning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.471.

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The article deals with determination of spontaneous ignition temperature and flash ignition temperature of polymeric materials and monitoring of mass loss rate during their degradation. An experiment was conducted in accordance with standard STN ISO 871: 2010 Plastics. Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace.
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Ajayan, P. M. "Nanotubes in a Flash--Ignition and Reconstruction." Science 296, no. 5568 (April 26, 2002): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.296.5568.705.

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Mórotz-Cecei, K., L. Beda, and J. Simon. "Flammability characterized by flash-ignition Temper-atures." Journal of Thermal Analysis 33, no. 1 (March 1988): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01914622.

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Soler, Anna, Nicolau Pineda, Helen San Segundo, Joan Bech, and Joan Montanyà. "Characterisation of thunderstorms that caused lightning-ignited wildfires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 12 (2021): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf21076.

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This work studies the characteristics of thunderstorms that cause lightning-caused wildfires in Catalonia, north-east Iberian Peninsula, using lightning and weather radar data. Although thunderstorms produce ~57 000 cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes yearly in Catalonia, only 1 in 1000 end up as a flaming wildfire. Characterisation of thunderstorms that ignite wildland fires can help fire weather forecasters identify regions of increased ignition potential. Lightning data and radar products like maximum reflectivity, echo tops heights and equivalent liquid content were obtained over a 7-year period. Characteristics of thunderstorms that ignite wildfires are examined including storm motion, duration, morphology and intensity. It was found that most probable ignition candidates are lightning associated with cellular thunderstorms and non-linear systems. Radar reflectivity values for lightning that ignites wildfires were found to be below average, these morphological types favouring the occurrence of lightning outside regions of high reflectivity, where precipitation reaching the ground is low or non-existent. Thunderstorms that ignite wildfires are typically of low intensity, with a CG flash rate below average. Most ignitions occur during the maturity phase when the CG flash rate is the highest. A better scientific understanding of the thunderstorms that cause lightning wildfires will help improve early firefighting response.
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Hartono, Aji Indra, and Aqli Mursadin. "UJI KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN HASIL DESTILASI KARET BEKAS-MINYAK DIESEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DROPLET." JTAM ROTARY 1, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1393.

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This study aims to look at the combustion characteristics of destillates of used rubber and diesel oil using droplet, the characteristics observed were flash point, ignition delay time, burning rate, and visualization (hight) of fire. Variation in mix RCO 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. The tool used is a tool designed by researchers. The result of the flash point study found that the highest velue was found in the mixture of RCO 10% which was 105,7oC and the lowest value was found in mixture of 50% which was 56,6oC. then the highest value of the ignition delay time is in the mixture of 10% which is 1,64 seconds and the lowest value in the mixture is 30% which is 0,98 seconds, then are result of the highest burning rate are found in the mixture 0f 40% which is 3,83 seconds and lowest value is mixed with 20% which is 3,1 second. Then the highest level of fire in the mixture of 10% is 82,3 mm and the lowest is in the mixture of 50% which is 73,2 mm. Keywords: Rubber Compound Oil, Droplet, Flash Point, Ignition Delay Time, Burning Rate
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Manaa, M. Riad, Alexander R. Mitchell, Raul G. Garza, Philip F. Pagoria, and Bruce E. Watkins. "Flash Ignition and Initiation of Explosives−Nanotubes Mixture." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 40 (October 2005): 13786–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0547127.

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Ohkura, Yuma, Pratap M. Rao, and Xiaolin Zheng. "Flash ignition of Al nanoparticles: Mechanism and applications." Combustion and Flame 158, no. 12 (December 2011): 2544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.05.012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Mackey, Lisa Catherine. "The ignition properties of pyrite, pyrrhotite pentlandite and violarite." Thesis, Curtin University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57.

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The oxidation and ignition behaviour of the four major sulfide minerals present in the nickel concentrates smelted at the Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter (KNS) has been established. These minerals are pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-nS, where n = 0 to 0.125), pentlandite ((FeNi)9S8) and violarite ( Ni2FeS4 ).The characteristic behaviour of these sulfides has been examined using Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) under normal oxidation conditions ( l0ºC/min, air atmosphere). By increasing the heating rate to 40ºC/min and using an oxygen atmosphere, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which occurred in association with a rapid mass loss over a short time span. Significant overheating of the samples beyond the temperature of the surroundings was observed. Pyrite, pyrrhotite and violarite all exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Using Isothermal Thermogravimetry (TG) the sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 3000-5000ºC/min, oxygen atmosphere) analogous to those which exist in an industrial flash smelter. The order of reactivity of the sulfides agreed with that observed during TG-DTA ignition trials. Even under these more intensely oxidising conditions pentlandite did not ignite. The effect of particle size on the ignition temperature was determined, larger particles igniting at a higher temperature. The magnitude of this effect varied according to the characteristics of the minerals.Products collected during Isothermal TG were examined by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using these techniques it was possible to establish the morphology of the products and hence, to propose mechanisms for the reaction of the four sulfide minerals under ignition conditions.In order to simulate the thermal environment which exists in the KNS, a pilot scale model of the reaction shaft was used. Nickel sulfide concentrates of varying mineralogy and particle size distribution were smelted under various conditions. The effect of larger particle size and increasing oxygen partial pressure on the reactivity of these concentrates was established.The products were quenched at the base of the shaft and collected for examination by optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA. Products ranged from unreacted to completely oxidised particles. The morphology and composition of these species were identified. Approximately 30 particles in each of 26 samples were examined with a view to establishing the frequency of occurrence of the particular product types in concentrates of differing mineralogy and particle size. This allowed proposals to be made regarding the fate of the individual sulfide minerals during ignition in the pilot scale flash reactor.
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Mackey, Lisa Catherine. "The ignition properties of pyrite, pyrrhotite pentlandite and violarite." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Geology, 1991. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15923.

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The oxidation and ignition behaviour of the four major sulfide minerals present in the nickel concentrates smelted at the Kalgoorlie Nickel Smelter (KNS) has been established. These minerals are pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-nS, where n = 0 to 0.125), pentlandite ((FeNi)9S8) and violarite ( Ni2FeS4 ).The characteristic behaviour of these sulfides has been examined using Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) under normal oxidation conditions ( l0ºC/min, air atmosphere). By increasing the heating rate to 40ºC/min and using an oxygen atmosphere, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which occurred in association with a rapid mass loss over a short time span. Significant overheating of the samples beyond the temperature of the surroundings was observed. Pyrite, pyrrhotite and violarite all exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Using Isothermal Thermogravimetry (TG) the sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 3000-5000ºC/min, oxygen atmosphere) analogous to those which exist in an industrial flash smelter. The order of reactivity of the sulfides agreed with that observed during TG-DTA ignition trials. Even under these more intensely oxidising conditions pentlandite did not ignite. The effect of particle size on the ignition temperature was determined, larger particles igniting at a higher temperature. The magnitude of this effect varied according to the characteristics of the minerals.Products collected during Isothermal TG were examined by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA). Using these techniques it was possible to establish the morphology of the products and hence, to propose mechanisms for the reaction of the four sulfide minerals under ignition conditions.In order to ++
simulate the thermal environment which exists in the KNS, a pilot scale model of the reaction shaft was used. Nickel sulfide concentrates of varying mineralogy and particle size distribution were smelted under various conditions. The effect of larger particle size and increasing oxygen partial pressure on the reactivity of these concentrates was established.The products were quenched at the base of the shaft and collected for examination by optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA. Products ranged from unreacted to completely oxidised particles. The morphology and composition of these species were identified. Approximately 30 particles in each of 26 samples were examined with a view to establishing the frequency of occurrence of the particular product types in concentrates of differing mineralogy and particle size. This allowed proposals to be made regarding the fate of the individual sulfide minerals during ignition in the pilot scale flash reactor.
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3

Stenger, Dillon Michael. "Dependency of Aluminum Nanoparticle Flash Ignition on Sample Internal Water Content and Aggregation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1481287759463389.

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Lien, Der-Hsien, and 連德軒. "A Study of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films in Schottky Diode and Flash Ignition Effect." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82516784496016881583.

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碩士
國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
93
Abstract We discover photo-current generation at SWNT-electrode contact at zero bias. The directions of this current can be controlled via focusing the laser bean (532 nm) on different position of the SWNTs film; meanwhile, current can be significantly amplified by a factor of 1.5 under bias voltage operation. Phenomenon resembles the conventional S-based Schottky diodes and underlying mechanism involves reduction of barrier height and widening of depletion region upon bias application. In addition, we have shown here that flashing of SWNT films in vacuum and air causes nanotube cutting and O2 desorption, followed by re-adsorption of O2. The cutting at Fe-defect entities is triggered via extra heat provided by photo-induced chemical reaction. Considerable amount of heat released by oxide and CO2 formations assists cutting process along tube circumference. Our systematical experiments consist of SWNT films flashed in vacuum, air and atmospheric N2 respectively, in conjunction with resistance measurements. The variation of film resistance with lighting shows stepwise profiles and similar effect is also present in treated SWNT film. In the end, we hope to establish possible models of the photo-generated current in SWNTs film and the flashing effect, furthermore, the rationalization of relevant mechanism has also been attempt.
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Yu-PeiChan and 詹于霈. "On Minimum Flash Ignition Energy of Energetic Igniter Using Aluminum NanoParticles: Effects of 2D Interparticle Distances." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pfjw9d.

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碩士
國立成功大學
航空太空工程學系
104
SUMMARY Recently, the unique flash ignition phenomenon occurring in nanoparticles has also received more interests during last years. Because of its convenience, it could bring ignition mechanism of rocket a potentially infinite improvement. In this study, energetic igniter composed of nitrocellulose with distinct amount of aluminum nanoparticles has been developed. To save the cost, the amount of aluminum nanoparticles being related to interparticle distance should be lowered. According to relevant literatures, nanoparticle interaction influenced by interparticle distance would make the particle properties different. As a result, the minimum ignition energy (MIE) would change as well. Hence, the relationship of interparticle distance and minimum ignition energy would be investigated in this study. Moreover, the 2D model has been established to perform theoretical analysis in a clearer way than contemporary 3D model within lots of uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, kinds of equipment are used to provide the properties of material and igniter. The result from experiment and theoretical analysis demonstrate the lowest MIE from igniter with interparticle distance being four to five times the particle radius. Key words: Aluminum Nanoparticle, Flash-ignition mechanism, Rocket Ignition System Introduction Over the past several years, carbon nanotube has received wide attention because of its potential in engineering. It was a startling discovery by Ajayan et al. that dry and fluffy single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be ignited through camera flash light. Ajayan et al. concluded that it is light absorption causing the flash-ignition of SWCNT [2]. From that moment onwards, there were groups of scientists carrying out further researches on the flash-ignition of SWCNT. The unique property of nanoparticles, ignition by optical illumination, holds lots advantages and brings rocket ignition system wider possibilities [2]. First, the light weight and tiny volume are beneficial in propulsion system used in space. Then, compared with micro scale particles, lower ignition temperature and higher combustion speed of nanoparticles could bring the propulsion system great improvement [3]. Moreover, with flash-ignition mechanism, remote ignition can be achieved. Furthermore, flash-ignition is less sensitive for the environment factors. Certainly, some people might mention that laser-ignition technology for nanoparticles has been developed in recent years. However, it required higher energy and more complex equipment to provide laser beam, which would bring the rocket system greater load. Nevertheless, with flash-ignition mechanism, the rocket ignition system could be simplified considerably. [4] The aim of this study is to understand the flash-ignition mechanism of nanoparticles and provide knowledge for further applications in rocket ignition system. For application, saving cost has always been the primary reason. In this study, energetic igniter triggered by flash light has been developed. However, the cost would be influenced by the amount of nanoparticles and energy needed for ignition. As a result, the experiment design in this study would emphasise on the effects of interparticle distances on minimum ignition energy of energetic igniter. Furthermore, distinct equipment would be used to investigate the properties of aluminum nanoparticles and the energy required for ignition would be recorded to provide the evidences of effects of nanoparticle interactions on minimum ignition energy. Material and methods Manufacture In energetic igniter manufacture process, nitrocellulose is dissolved in acetone firstly. Then, adding aluminum nanoparticles of distinct amount to solvent would produce igniters with different interparticle distances. After that, Up Series Ultrasonic Processors provides particle separation physically, which is followed by vacuum oven drying process. Apparatus and experiment Figure 25 displays the apparatus for flash-ignition experiment. For observation, DV camera and high speed camera are used. The former records the ignition process, whilst the latter provides images for point of ignition happening. Then, the minimum ignition energy of igniter with different interparticle distances would be recorded for the comparison with the following theoretical analysis. Moreover, measurements from kinds of equipment offer evidence of properties on flash light, aluminum nanoparticles, and nitrocellulose Theoretical analysis Through the TGA analysis, the flash-ignition process of energetic igniter has been understood. At first, aluminum nanoparticles would be heated up from flash light. The numerous increase in temperature of aluminum nanoparticle is due to the great light absorption and photo-thermal conversion efficiency in nanomaterial. Then, thermal conduction would occur because of the temperature difference between aluminum nanoparticle and nitrocellulose. Hence, temperature climb of aluminum nanoparticles as well as nitrocellulose would be seen within flash light pulse duration. As soon as nitrocellulose meets its ignition temperature, nitrocellulose would burns accompanying exothermic reaction. At this moment, aluminum nanoparticles would experience significant temperature increase because of the exothermic heat from nitrocellulose burning. And then, ignition of aluminum nanoparticles would happen. According to reaction process mentioned above, the 2D thermal transfer analysis for the ignition process could be done theoretically. The first is its intuitive assumptions: (1) aluminum nanoparticles would be well-distributed in nitrocellulose; (2) there is no thermal conduction between aluminum nanoparticles since all particles are heated up simultaneously; (3) for aluminum nanoparticles, the thermal radiation from each other would be zero as the temperature of nitrocellulose higher than aluminum nanoparticles. Then, according to heat transfer theory, the variation in nitrocellulose as well as aluminum nanoparticles would be yield for the following discussion. Result and discussion From the comparison between experiment result and theoretical analysis, there are three main results: (1) the relationship between minimum ignition energy and aluminum interparticle distance; (2) the collective effect on the minimum ignition energy. 1. The relationship between minimum ignition energy and aluminum interparticle distance Figure 44 renders the theoretical result from thermal analysis. To achieve the combustion of nitrocellulose and aluminum nanoparticles, the higher the temperatures of them, the greater the likelihood for both of them to ignite. In other words, the point where both temperatures reaching higher value is the condition where the material could be ignited by supplying lowest flash light energy. The optimum point of interparticle distance being four times the particle radius could be seen in figure 44. Furthermore, the results from experiment in figure 48-a and b provide evidence to support the result from theoretical analysis. 2 The collective effect on the minimum ignition energy For collective condition, a slight difference of minimum ignition energy could be seen from figure 48-a and b with different homogeneity. Besides, since the nitrocellulose used in figure 48-a and b are manufacturing in different date, a subtle difference in quality might happen. However, the experiment results reveal no significant influence on the trend. As a result, it has been proved that the homogeneity of aluminum nanoparticles and subtle nitrocellulose quality variation provide slight variation in minimum ignition energy without changing the overall trend. Cloclusion The results from experiment and theory analysis provide the optimum point for flash-ignition of the igniter is the interparticle distance being four or five times the particle radius. Moreover, it has been found that the homogeneity of aluminum nanoparticle in nitrocellulose could slightly influence the minimum ignition energy without changing the overall trend. And the experiment result suggest the ignorable effect of little nitrocellulose quality. In conclusion, the experiment and theory show the effect of interparticle distance on minimum ignition energy for three parts as following: (1) the light absorption of nanoparticle; (2) thermal transfer effect; (3) the exothermic heat from nitrocellulose combustion.
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Du, Jianguo. "An experimental study of spray collapse under ash boiling conditions." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/664896.

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Gasoline and gasoline-like fuels (naphtha) have high volatility, which results in flash boiling spray in gasoline engines when operated at throttling or low load conditions. Flash boiling can achieve better atomization, thus benefit fuel evaporation and fuel-air mixing. However, when flash boiling occurs, spray morphology, and fuel distribution are dramatically varied from the injectors' intentional design. This difference will affect the performance of combustion and emissions. Thus it is essential to investigate the spray collapse phenomenon regarding varied conditions. The currently developing gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines, also has throttled stoichiometric spark ignition operation mode, which inevitably has flash boiling possibility. However, there is a lack of research on flash boiling spray with a GCI injector, which has a large designed cone angle. This work aims to understand the spray collapse phenomenon and fill the gap in GCI flash boiling spray. Simultaneous side-view diffused back illumination (DBI) and front-view mie-scattering are used to capture the liquid spray development. Simultaneous shadowgraph from side and front view are used for recording the liquid+vapor phase spray development. Criteria for distinguishing different spray regimes have been established from these results. It shows this GCI injector is more resistant to collapse than the other conventional gasoline direct injection (GDI) injectors reported in the literature. A combination of DBI and space-time tomographic algorithm is validated in this work, achieving 3D reconstruction of the spray volume development from non-flashing to collapsed spray regime at low cost. The 3D results help elucidate the spray collapse procedure and provide validation data for CFD simulation. Structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) is firstly implemented in flash boiling spray study in this work to suppress the multiple scattering effect. Reconstructed 3D results from slice sweeping by SLIPI methods exposes the hollow structure in the spray's collapsed central jet, which has not been reported previously by other methods. Different spray motion types are summarized for the transitional and collapsed spray regime from the SLIPI slice and confirmed by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique.
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CHEN, WAN-CHI, and 陳婉綺. "Predicting Flash Point and Auto-Ignition temperature of Liquid Organic Compounds using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships Approach." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cy9nu8.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系碩士班
106
Many flammable materials are used in industrial processes, so avoiding fire hazards is a critical issue for such processes. Liquid organic compounds are most commonly used chemical during process, we use flash point (FP) to determine what category of flammable liquid they are and decide the storage method through its category. Besides we also understand the combustion characteristics of the chemical through the auto-ignition temperature (AIT), and determine what correct specifications of explosion-proof electric equipment is provided for handling such flammable materials in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion. However, using experimental methods to evaluate physical properties of the chemicals is usually time consuming, costly, and it is even precarious for toxic or explosive chemicals. Therefore, REACH regulation encourages the use of cost effective alternatives, such as the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) approach. Our study retrieved all data from DIPPR 801 database maintained by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and selected only experimental data to avoid using predicted value to affect the model results. Eventually, 786 experimental data were used to establish a flash point prediction model with four descriptors. This model gives the goodness-of-fit performance (
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Books on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Lecker, Seymour. Incendiaries: Advanced improvised explosives. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1988.

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Johns, Geoff. The Flash Vol. 5: Ignition. DC Comics, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Gärtner, Jan Wilhelm, Daniel D. Loureiro, and Andreas Kronenburg. "Modelling and Simulation of Flash Evaporation of Cryogenic Liquids." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 233–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_12.

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AbstractRocket engine manufacturers attempt to replace toxic, hypergolic fuels by less toxic substances such as cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen. Such components will be superheated when injected into the combustion chamber prior to ignition. The liquids will flash evaporate and subsequent mixing will be crucial for a successful ignition of the engine. We now conduct a series of DNS and RANS-type simulations to better understand this mixing process including microscopic processes such as bubble growth, bubble-bubble interactions, spray breakup dynamics and the resulting droplet size distribution. Full scale RANS simulations provide further insight into effects associated with flow dynamic such as shock formation behind the injector outlet. Capturing these gas dynamic effects is important, as they affect the spray morphology and droplet movements.
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Rees, Andreas, and Michael Oschwald. "Experimental Investigation of Transient Injection Phenomena in Rocket Combusters at Vacuum with Cryogenic Flash Boiling." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 211–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_11.

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AbstractThe substitution of the toxic hydrazine in current high-altitude rocket engines like upper stages or reaction control thrusters by green propellants is a major key driver in the current technology development of rocket propulsion systems. Operating these kind of rocket engines at high-altitude leads to a sudden pressure drop in the liquid propellants during their injection into the combustion chamber with a near-vacuum atmosphere prior to ignition. The resulting superheated thermodynamic state of the liquid causes a fast and eruptive evaporation which is called flash boiling. The degree of atomisation is important for a successful ignition and a secure operation of the rocket engine. The development and operation of a cryogenic high-altitude test bench at DLR Lampoldshausen enables the systematical experimental characterization of cryogenic flash boiling due to its ability to adjust and control the injection parameters like temperature, pressure or geometry. Several test campaigns with liquid nitrogen (LN2) were performed using two optical diagnostic methods: First, flash boiling LN2 spray patterns were visualised by means of high-speed shadowgraphy and, secondly, we determined the droplet size and velocity distributions in strongly superheated LN2 sprays with the help of a laser-based Phase Doppler system (PDA). The experimental data generated within these measurement campaigns provide defined boundary conditions as well as a broad data base for the numerical modelling of cryogenic flash boiling like e.g. the publications [8, 9].
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Zhang, Gaoming, Min Xu, Yuyin Zhang, and David L. S. Hung. "Characteristics of Flash Boiling Fuel Sprays from Three Types of Injector for Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) Engines." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 443–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_33.

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Bond, John. "Flash points." In Sources of Ignition, 7–10. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-1180-0.50007-6.

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Wang, Enhua, Chenyao Wang, Fujun Zhang, Huasheng Cui, Chuncun Yu, Bolan Liu, Zhenfeng Zhao, and Changlu Zhao. "Knock Suppression of a Spark-Ignition Aviation Piston Engine Fuelled with Kerosene." In Numerical and Experimental Studies on Combustion Engines and Vehicles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91938.

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Spark-ignition (SI) engine has a high power density, making it suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles. Normally, gasoline fuel with a high octane number (ON) is used for a spark-ignition engine. However, gasoline fuel is easy to be evaporated and has a low flash point which is unsafe for aviation engines. Kerosene with a high flash point is safer than gasoline. In this chapter, the combustion characteristics of kerosene for a spark-ignition aviation piston engine are analyzed. A three-dimensional (3D) model is setup, and the combustion process of the engine fuelled with kerosene is simulated. Later, the knock limit extension by water injection is evaluated experimentally. The results indicate that water injection can suppress the knock of SI engine with kerosene in some extent and the output power can be improved significantly.
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Singh, Abhinandan, Reza M. Ziazi, and Albert Simeoni. "Intermittent fireline behavior over porous vegetative media in different crossflow conditions." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 645–50. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_97.

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Detailed physical understanding of fire spread is important in the face of the increasing frequency of wildland fires around the globe. Historically, fire spread across porous vegetative media has been considered a continuous phenomenon. Most studies neglect the influence of flame pulsations on the ignition of fuel particles ahead of the fire front, hence approximating the fire spread to a steady and continuous process. This research explores the dynamic nature of fire propagation by experimentally examining the instantaneous flame pulsations and their impact on the ignition of virgin fuel particles. Fire spread experiments were conducted over a longleaf pine needle (Pinus Palustris) testbed under varying crossflow conditions. In addition to introducing a flame tilt, the presence of crossflow strongly enhances the pulsating nature of a free-burning fire. The flame region of influence ahead of the fireline was augmented by the flame tilt and flame pulsations thereby leading to point ignitions at a distance. If sustained, these flash ignitions merge with the fireline, leading to flame spread in the form of leaps. Fire behavior was evaluated by conducting detailed image analysis of videos acquired by placing various cameras around the testbed. Additionally, local temperature and flow velocity were measured by placing a series of thermocouple trees and bi-directional probes within the fuel bed. A curved flame profile was observed under wind-aided conditions, and the curvature was seen to increase with the increasing velocity. Alternatively, a flat temperature profile was observed for no wind conditions. Under forced flow conditions, the bi-directional probes within the testbed measured the flow blocking effect (drag forces) and the presence of flame greatly enhanced the local flow velocity.
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Conference papers on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Disimile, Peter, and Norman Toy. "Experimental Simulation of Fuel Pool Ignition by Incendiary Flash." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2333.

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Zhou, Yucai, Wang Liu, Yining He, and Xin Liu. "Design of Flash Point and Ignition Point Virtual Teaching System." In 2019 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Intelligent Systems (ICVRIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvris.2019.00010.

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Zainal, Roslinda, Abd Rahman Tamuri, Yaacob Mat Daud, Noriah Bidin, A. K. Yahya, and Shah Alam. "Improvement in Ignition and Simmer Current Supply into Xenon Flash Lamp." In PROGRESS OF PHYSICS RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA: PERFIK2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3469617.

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Kim, Taehoon, and Sungwook Park. "Modeling Flash Breakup for a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engine." In WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0548.

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Valshin, A. M., S. M. Pershin, and G. M. Mikheev. "Multiple reduction of laser flash lamp ignition threshold with 0–3 MHz pumping." In 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lo.2018.8435432.

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COURTNEY, ELYA, AMY COURTNEY, and MICHAEL COURTNEY. "COMPARING LEAD-BASED (CCI 41) AND LEAD-FREE (RUAG SINTOX) PRIMER PERFORMANCE IN 5.56MM NATO." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36082.

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Previous work identified significant problems with lead-free primers reliably igniting propellant charges in 5.56 mm NATO and other cartridges. These problems include high incidence of misfires, increased barrel friction, and long ignition delays. To date, no lead-free primer has been identified which meets NATO ignition requirements and works with a range of propellant types after prolonged exposure to humidity. Ruag SINTOX primers are marketed to meet NATO specifications, but it was unclear how they would respond to exposure to humidity commonly encountered in real-world environments. This paper reports results of performance and ignition delay testing of lead-free Ruag SINTOX and lead-based CCI 41 primers after exposure to typical indoor ambient humidity (40-60% relative humidity) and 100% relative humidity for 8 months (both at ambient temperature). Tests were performed using four propellant types: Alliant Blue Dot (a flake powder), Hodgdon H4895 (a cylinder powder), St. Mark's SMP842 (a flash suppressed ball powder), and the Ruag ball powder that the SINTOX primers are paired with in Ruag's lead-free ammunition. The Ruag lead-free SINTOX primer performed comparably to the CCI 41 lead-based primer in all tests and met the NATO specification for ignition delay (< 4 ms), even after 8 months of storage exposed directly to 100% humidity.
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Chen, Zhuo, Peng Long, Zhiqiang Sun, Jun Zhou, and Jiemin Zhou. "CFD Simulation and Performance Analysis of CJD Burner for Intensified Flash Smelting Process." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58545.

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The flash smelting process has been widely acknowledged as a successful modern pyro-metallurgical technology because of its good production flexibility. In past decades, great efforts have been put on the equipment improvement in order to achieve a highly intensive and efficient flash smelting process. However, along with the increasing of the productivity and the intensification of the process, technical problems such as the un-smelted materials accumulated in the settler and the dust generation ratio going higher are found occurring more frequently than before. All these problems however indicate degeneration in the performance of the central jet distributor (CJD) burner. A study was then made on the combustion and reaction processes in the flash furnace equipped with a CJD burner. A steady-state turbulent model was developed and a discrete phase model was included to investigate the velocity and temperature changes of both the gaseous and particle phases in the reaction shaft. The deviation of the numerical model is estimated to be less than 6%. The simulation results reveal a serious delay in the ignition of concentrate particles after they are fed into the furnace. Minor modification was also made by CFD computation, attempting to improve the particle ignition speed, but it was found not so effective. The main reason for the decreased smelting efficiency is found to be the poor mixing between the gaseous and particle phases under the intensified condition. These appeal for a great improvement in the performance of the CJD burner.
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Golovkov, Mikhail, and Elihu Hoagland. "Arc flash testing update: Effect of arc electrode geometry and distance on cotton shirt ignition." In 2014 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esw.2014.6766905.

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Seko, Toshiyuki, and Eiji Kuroda. "Combustion Improvement of a Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Methanol Engine using Flash Boiling Fuel Injection." In SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3611.

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Saitou, Takeo, Keisuke Miura, Hiroshi Inoue, Nariyoshi Kobayashi, and Shin-Ichi Suzuki. "Performance Demonstration of the Full Size Multi Cluster Combustor for DME Under Real Engine Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68647.

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DME (dimethyl ether: CH3OCH3) is currently attracting worldwide attention because it is a clean fuel which can be synthesized from various materials such as natural gas, coal, biomass, etc. But DME has the possibility of spontaneous ignition in gas turbine use because of its low auto-ignition temperature. To avoid spontaneous ignition or flash-back, a coaxial jet cluster nozzle burner configuration was proposed previously which can mix air and fuel effectively within a short time. In this work, demonstration tests were carried out for the developed full size combustor, called the multi cluster combustor for 25MW class gas turbine. The combustor, which is composed of cluster nozzle burners, was tested under practical gas turbine operating conditions from start up to base load using a full pressure combustion test rig. In the tests, LNG was also used as the test fuel because it is expected to be used as a back up fuel when DME is first introduced for wide commercial use. Test results showed good combustion performances for the developed multi cluster combustor. NOx emission level was below 24ppmv (15%O2) and combustion efficiency was over 99.9% for the base load condition of the 25MW class gas turbine when fueled with DME or LNG. Dynamic pressure level and liner metal temperature were low. No flash-back phenomena occurred throughout the demonstration tests.
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Reports on the topic "Flash ignition"

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Badakhshan, Alireza, and Stephen Danczyk. Ignition of Nanoparticles by a Compact Camera Flash. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614547.

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Danczyk, Stephen A., and Bruce Chehroudi. An Innovative Ignition Method Using SWCNTs and a Camera Flash. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435024.

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