Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Flares History'

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-[120]).
Symbols have played a major role in the development of a Syrian national identity since the beginning of the 20th century. These representations are national, official, and/or public (flag, song, and square), that are repetitively performed by successive generations of Syrian citizens, thus forming the historic collective framework of Syrian memory. The symbols are remembered as past public sites of independence and freedom while they currently signify an imposed loyalty to the authoritarian Syrian regime. In the translation of nostalgic memory as active resistance, the double play of meaning (both official and personal) creates an opportunity to subvert domination. This subversion is inherent in every official performance, in every pledge to the flag, in every performance of the anthem, and in every mandatory demonstration across the public squares. This thesis weaves the visual and spatial representations of power and the subsequent subversions for empowerment to narrate an untold, recollected, Syrian history.
by Lina Sergie.
S.M.

Master of Arts
Department of History
Charles W. Sanders
On September 13, 1950, in a culmination of three years of efforts by organizations and individuals inside and outside the Harry S. Truman administration, 69 captured battle flags from the Mexican-American War were formally returned to the Mexican government at a ceremony in Mexico City. The events surrounding the return of flags to Mexico occurred in two distinct phases. The first was a small, secretive, and largely symbolic return of three flags conceived and carried out by high-ranking U.S. government officials in June 1947. The second large-scale, public return of the remaining flags in the custody of the War Department was initiated by the American Legion and enacted by the United States Congress. Despite their differences, both returns were heavily influenced by contemporary events, primarily the presidential election of 1948 and the escalation of the Cold War. Also, although the second return was much more extensive than the President originally intended, it was only through his full support that either return was accomplished. In the decades since 1950, historians have either ignored the return of Mexican battle flags or focused instead on Truman’s wreath laying at the monument to the niños héroes in Mexico City in March 1947. This study, for the first time, provides an in-depth description of the efforts to return captured Mexican battle flags and explains why these war trophies were returned while others have remained in the United States. The goal of this investigation is to present the efforts of the Truman administration for what they truly were: an unprecedented act of international friendship. Although the actions of the U.S. government and private organizations were partially influenced by self-interest and Cold War fears, their primary motivation was a sincere desire to erase the painful memories surrounding the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 in an effort to improve future relations between the two countries. Many historians point to the Truman administration as the end of the Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America. This study, however, argues that the return of captured Mexican battle flags represents the true pinnacle of the United States’ Good Neighbor Policy toward its southern neighbor.

A historical/biographical analysis of the connection between creativity and a variety of psychoses including: syphilis, epilepsy, schizophenia and manic-depression/bi-polar disorder. The figures examined are Gustave Flaubert, Hector Berlioz, Friedrich Nietzsche, Rainer Maria Rilke, Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 377-400). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Early European travel literature was a prominent source from which information about the New World was presented to a general audience. Geographic regions situated within what is now referred to as Latin America were particularly visible in these accounts. Information regarding the religious customs and styles of dress associated with the indigenous peoples who inhabited these lands were especially curious points of interest to the European readers who were attempting to understand the lifestyles of these so-called “savages.” These reports, no matter their sources, always claimed to be true and accurate descriptions of what they were documenting. Despite these claims, it is clear that the dominant Western/Christian perspective from which these sources were derived established an extremely visible veil of bias. As a result, the texts and images documenting these accounts display highly flawed and misinformed representations of indigenous Latin American culture. Although it is now understood that these sources were often greatly exaggerated, the texts and images within them are still widely circulated in present-day museum exhibitions. When positioned in this framework, they are meant to be educational references for the audiences that view them. However, museums often condense the amount of information they provide, causing significant details of historical context to be excluded.

With such considerable omission being common in museum exhibitions, it causes one to question if this practice might be perpetuating the distribution of misleading information. Drawing on this question, I seek, with this research, to investigate how early European representations of Latin American culture in travel literature may be linked to current issues of misrepresentation. Particularly, my research is concerned with finding connections that may be present with these texts and images and the negative aspects of cultural appropriation. Looking specifically at representations of Aztec culture, I consult three texts and their accompanying illustrations from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries to analyze their misrepresentational qualities, and how they differed between time periods and regions. Finally, I use this information to analyze museum exhibition practices and how they could be improved when displaying complex historical frameworks like those of indigenous Latin American cultures.

La recherche tente d'analyser le corpus du point de vue des effets de lecture. Utilisation de l'informatique. Partie 1. Etude de quelques modalites de la representation dans l'ecriture de claude simon : qu'est-ce que "faire voir" malgre en raison du caractere problematique de la reference ; la metalepse et l'effet de reel ; la tonalite mi-objective mi-subjective de la description (a travers l'etude de la repetition lexicale). Partie 2. Approche stylistique de la metaphore et de la comparaison simoniennes. La comparaison domine. La metaphore, quand elle ne releve pas de la reserve tropique de la langue exploitee pour ses vertus productives, est en partie disqualifiee. La question de la motivation de l'image reste sans pertinence s'agissant de claude simon. Specificites de l'image simonienne : non-egnigmaticite, non-poeticite, legitimite phenomenologique. Comment l'image "fait voir". La modalisation entre comparaison et metaphore. La metaphore anaphorise la colparaison. La comparaison litteralise la metaphore. Comment l'image associe deux grandeurs du monde fictionnel ou au contraire emprunte un preconstruit a l'encyclopedie. L'image embrayeur d'intertexte. L'intertexte comme une hypotheque necessaire du recit. La question du "comme si" : essai de typologie. Dire l'essence ou dire l'apparence ? image et causalite. La litteralisation des images. Partie 3. Approche thematique de l'image et de l'imaginaire simonien. Les dominantes. Vers un noyau federateur : la corticalite (images de l'ecorce, de la carapace, de la coquille, de l'enceinte durcie, de la surface crouteuse). Analyses successives de l'importance du theme cortical dans la route des flandres, histoire et les georgiques. Comment la corticalite s'articule a la question des representations rigides. Partie 4. Lecture de l'acacia. Images de la guerre et de l'histoire. Les destinees parentales. La mere comme l'histoire accoucheuses et devoreuse. Le parcours figuratif du brigadier. Du bon usage des images. Les images endogenes prennent le pas sur les images exogenes (du mythe terrifiant a la parodie mythologique)
Part 1. Study of some elements of representation in simon's writing. How the text makes the reader "see" though reference is problematic. Metalepse and real effect. Objectivity and subjectivity of description. Part 2. Metaphor and comparison : a stylistic approach. Comparisons are more important, in a way, than metaphors. The issue of motivation. Specificity of simon's images. Images as internal links. Images and intertext. The issue of "comme si" : does hypothetical comparison tell the meaning or the appearance of things ? how images become real. Part 3. Image and imaginary : a thematic approach. Importance of "corticality", i. E. Images of bark, peel, crust, shell, dried skin, leather. . . Part 4. Reading the acacia. War and history. Parents' destiny. Images of the son. Sociolectal images vs idiolectal images

This thesis is an historical archaeological study of how Chinookan peoples at three villages and employees of the later multicultural Village at Fort Vancouver negotiated the processes of contact and colonization. Placed in the theoretical framework of practice theory, everyday ordinary activities are studied to understand how cultural identities are created, reinforced, and changed (Lightfoot et al. 1998; Martindale 2009; Voss 2008). Additionally uneven power relationships are examined, in this case between the colonizer and the colonized, which could lead to subjugation but also resistance (Silliman 2001). In order to investigate these issues, this thesis studies how the new foreign material of vessel glass was and was not used during the everyday practice of tool production.

Archaeological studies have found that vessel glass, which has physical properties similar to obsidian, was used to create a variety of tool forms by cultures worldwide (Conte and Romero 2008). Modified glass studies (Harrison 2003; Martindale and Jurakic 2006) have demonstrated that they can contribute important new insights into how cultures negotiated colonization. In this study, modified glass tools from three contact period Chinookan sites: Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village, and the later multiethnic Employee Village of Fort Vancouver were examined. Glass tool and debitage analysis based on lithic macroscopic analytical techniques was used to determine manufacturing techniques, tool types, and functions. Additionally, these data were compared to previous analyses of lithics and trade goods at the study sites.

This thesis demonstrates that Chinookans modified glass into tools, though there was variation in the degree to which glass was modified and the types of tools that were produced between sites. Some of these differences are probably related to availability, how glass was conceptualized by Native Peoples, or other unidentified causes. This study suggests that in some ways glass was just another raw material, similar to stone, that was used to create tools that mirrored the existing lithic technology. However at Cathlapotle at least, glass appears to have been relatively scarce and perhaps valued even as a status item. While at Middle Village, glass (as opposed to stone) was being used about a third of the time to produce tools.

Glass tool technology at Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village was very similar to the existing stone tool technology dominated by expedient/low energy tools; however, novel new bottle abraders do appear at Middle Village. This multifaceted response reflects how some traditional lifeways continued, while at the same time new materials and technology was recontextualized in ways that made sense to Chinookan peoples.

Glass tools increase at the Fort Vancouver Employee Village rather than decrease through time. This response appears to be a type of resistance to the HBC's economic hegemony and rigid social structure. Though it is impossible to know if such resistance was consciously acted on or was just part of everyday activities that made sense in the economic climate of the time.

Overall, this thesis demonstrates how a mundane object such as vessel glass, can provide a wealth of information about how groups like the Chinookans dealt with a changing world, and how the multiethnic community at Fort Vancouver dealt with the hegemony of the HBC. Chinookan peoples and the later inhabitants of the Fort Vancouver Employee Village responded to colonization in ways that made sense to their larger cultural system. These responses led to both continuity and change across time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho consiste em parte escrita e material didático, em Power Point, sobre relações de gênero através do tema “família”, para ser utilizado por professores de história em suas aulas, como uma nova possibilidade de trabalho com esse tema. Para tanto, nos utilizamos de fotografias de família como principais fontes, para observar como, do início do século XX até início do século XXI, as famílias brasileiras foram se transformando e assumindo arranjos e modelos os mais variados. Tais temas partiram da preocupação de que há na sociedade brasileira uma forte propagação de preconceitos em forma de homolesbotransfobia, machismo e racismo que estimulam a violência física e simbólica, sobretudo contra as mulheres, população LGBT e minorias raciais. Procuramos dar destaque a esses temas para serem devidamente discutidos na escola de forma complexificada, trabalhando a diversidade de modelos familiares, sem deixar de tocar na temática racial também. Assim, foi necessário, primeiro, diagnosticar como esses temas vinham sendo abordados nos livros didáticos de história. Percebemos que, na poucas vezes em que apareciam, eles eram trabalhados como apêndice, devido ao fato de os livros didáticos privilegiarem tudo o que se relaciona à esfera pública, e, portanto, política, em detrimento das questões relacionadas ao âmbito da vida privada. Também notamos como esses conteúdos eram tratados, com algumas exceções, de maneira muito superficial pedagogicamente, quase sem articulação com a aprendizagem histórica, defendida por Circe Bittencourt, Jörn Rusen e Anadir Miranda dos Reis. Por isso, de maneira conjunta, o material didático também contemplou um pouco da história social da fotografia, pois era necessário que as mesmas perdessem o caráter meramente ilustrativo e passassem a ser entendidas pelos alunos como um documento de grande valor histórico.
The work consists of a written part and didactic material, in Power Point, about gender relations through the theme "family", to be used by history teachers in their classes, as a new possibility of working with this theme. To do so, we use family photographs as the main sources, to observe how, from the beginning of the 20th century until the beginning of the 21st century, Brazilian families were transformed and assuming different models and arrangements. These themes started from the concern that there is a strong propagation in Brazilian society of prejudices in the form of homolobotransphobia, machismo and racism that stimulate physical and symbolic violence, especially against women, the LGBT population and racial minorities. We try to highlight these themes to be properly discussed in the school in a complex way, working the diversity of family models, while also touching on the racial theme as well. Thus, it was necessary, first, to diagnose how these themes were being approached in the history textbooks. We noticed that, in the few cases in which they appeared, they were worked as appendices, because the textbooks privilege everything that relates to the public sphere, and therefore, to the detriment of issues related to the scope of private life. We also noticed how these contents were treated, with some exceptions, in a very superficial pedagogical way, almost without articulation with the historical learning, defended by Circe Bittencourt, Jörn Rusen and Anadir Miranda dos Reis. Therefore, in a joint way, the didactic material also contemplated a little of the social history of photography, since it was necessary that the same ones lost the character merely illustrative and they came to be understood by the students like a document of great historical value.

Ma Thèse de Doctorat qui porte sur l'œuvre du Père Diego de Rosales "Historia general del Reino de Chile, Flandes indiano" (XVII° siècle), développe deux thèmes à la fois distincts et interdépendants : la guerre et l'évangélisation. L'objet principal de ce travail d'investigation fut de faire ressortir les convictions profondes et exceptionnelles (pour l'époque) de ce membre de la Compagnie de Jésus sur la manière de pacifier définitivement les Indiens rebelles et infidèles du Chili. Pour le jésuite, "l'acte de guerre" n'était pas la solution adéquate, et seule une évangélisation dans la douceur avec la connaissance du "vrai" Dieu (celui des Blancs) pouvait avoir des résultats positifs face à des Indiens nullement rencontrés jusqu'alors : ingéniosité militaire, amour pour la terre, la patrie et la liberté, attachement important à leurs coutumes, esprit de sacrifice, haine des travaux forcés. Ainsi, pour lui, l'armée ne devait plus avoir qu'un rôle de "second plan", rassurant et sécuritaire, et non plus uniquement répressif. Parallèlement à cela, il dénonce sans relâche les abus orchestrés par les officiers militaires, les propriétaires d'encomiendas, de mines, d'haciendas, et s'insurgera notamment contre l'esclavage et le service personnel des Indiens qui, selon lui, étaient les causes principales des soulèvements indiens avec la pratique de la chasse à l'esclave (la maloca). Généralement d'une grande transparence et sobriété pour conter les liens conflictuels qui existaient entre l'Etat et l'Eglise, le chroniqueur, témoin et même acteur (XVII°s) mit toujours en avant le rôle décisif de l'Eglise dans les tentatives de pacification des Indiens infidèles
My doctoral thesis focuses on the works of Father Diego de Rosales, THE GENERAL HISTORY OF THE CHILEAN KING DOM, THE FLANDERS OF THE INDIES (17th century), develops two themes witch are distinct and independent at the same time: the war and evangelism. The principal aim of this research was to bring out the pround and exceptional convictions (for the period) of this member of the Society of Jesus on the way of permanently pacifying the rebellions and infidel Indians of Chile. For this Jesuit, the act of war wasn't the right solution and only a gentle evangelism with the knowledge of a true God (that of the white man) could have positive results faced with Indians who had never been encountered before and who had the folowing qualities : military ingenuity, love for the earth, homeland and liberty, a strong attachment to their customs, the spirit of sacrifice, hatred o forced labour. In this lignt, the army should play only a secondary role, that of reassuring and providing security and not only that of repression. In the same way, le ceaselessly denonced the injustice practiqued by the military officers, the proprietors of the encomienda, mines, haciendas, and he revolted against slavery and the service personnel of the Indians who, in his opinion, were the principal causes of Indian uprisings by participation in the practice of slave hunting. The chronider generalty used great transparency and sobriety white relating the conflictual ties existing between the Church and the State. Being bath wintness and actor, he put forward the decisive role of the church in the attemps to pacify infidel Indians

Entendue au sens élargi de ce qui retourne ou revient, sous une forme identique, analogique et équivalente, la répétition se révèle un ferment majeur des œuvres simoniennes, en particulier de La Route des Flandres, Histoire, Les Géorgiques et L'Acacia. Au niveau fictionnel, où la réitération de certaines manifestations textuelles symptomatise les carences d'un être vaincu dans un monde chaotique et insensé, la répétition est l'instrument stabilisateur d'une inscription identitaire, d'un nouvel ordre logique et d'une résolution herméneutique. Dans la narration où le ressassement fige un discours plombé par les traumatismes morbides, la ré-pétition d'une origine temporelle et causale fonde le mouvement régressif d'une parole généalogique, phylogénétique et mythique. Dans l'écriture enfin, la répétition pointe la nature profondément mimétique de la prose simonienne qui imite le réel et les signes littéraires trouvant ainsi dans la reproduction les conditions d'une production signifiante
Widely understood as what goes back or comes back under an identical, analogical and equivalent shape, repetition shows itself a major ferment of Simon's works particularly in La Route des Flandres, Histoire, Les Géorgiques and L'Acacia. At the diegetic level, where the reiteration of certain textual dealings exhibits the deficiencies of a being overcome in a chaotic and senseless world, repetition is the stabilizing instrument of a identital registration, of a new logical order and of a hermeneutic resolution. At the narrative level where obsessions congeal a speech burdened by morbid traumatisms, the repetition of a temporal and causal origin bases the regressive movement of a genealogical, phylogenetic and mythical speaking. In the writing finally, repetition points the very mimetic nature of Simon's prose which imitates reality and literary signs, finding so in the reproduction the conditions of a significant production

Cette these se donne pour objectif de montrer comment une esthetique du continu discontinu est mise en oeuvre dans l'ecriture de quatre romans de claude simon par l'articulation entre le continu de l'enonce et le discontinu de l'enonciation. Elle s'appuie pour cela tout d'abord sur une etude de la ponctuation, permettant de mettre en evidence comment des ruptures enonciatives interviennent regulierement dans l'enonce, travaillant a des superpositions temporelles et a la derealisation du represente. Le deuxieme chapitre prolonge cette premiere approche par l'etude du jeu des formes verbales, qui se conbinent pour mettre en scene la representation, denoncant partiellement l'illusion referentielle. Ainsi se dessine une poetique associant mimesis et textualite, dont le participe present constitue une forme emblematique. Le troisieme chapitre discute la notion de phrase et montre l'existence d'une forme specifique de cette ecriture, le hors-phrase, dans leuel interviennent les mots-cles elaboratn une vision du monde pense comme lieu non hierarchise et denue d'organisation signifiante
This thesis aims to demonstrate how an aestherics of the continuous discontinuous is brought into play in the writing of four novels by claude simon through the articulation as between the continuous utterance and the discontinuous enunciation. For this purpose, it deals first with a study of the punctuation, showing how enunciative breaks regularly take place in the utterance and how they create superimpositions of times and participate in the loss of reality of what is represented. The second section continues the initial approach with the the study of the interplay of tenses which combine to disclose representation and partly denounce the referential illusion. Consequently, a poetics associating mimesis and textuallity become apparent, and the present participle an emblematic form. The third section discusses the notion of sentence and proves the existence of a specific form, the "hors-phrase" (the "out of sentence") in this writing. The key-words take part in ther elaboration of a vision of the world, thought of as a place without any hierarchical or meaningful organization

La Flandre est souvent présentée comme un espace doté d’une importante spécificité et par là d’une identité régionale forte voire irréductible à des appartenances nationales ou européennes plus amples. Pourtant, les opinions n’ont cessé de varier sur ce que sont les Flandres et sur les critères qui définiraient cette identité. Le statut de régionfrontière soumise à des délimitations et des souverainetés fluctuantes selon les guerres et les traités renforce la complexité de ce territoire. Ceci est particulièrement vrai de la période qui va des traités des limites franco-autrichiens de 1769 et 1779 à la fin du Premier Empire en 1815 et au traité de Courtrai de 1820 : rectifications, révolutions, guerres, annexions, départementalisation remodèlent sans cesse les configurations flamandes. Comment une telle recomposition permanente a-t-elle pu interagir avec les identités prétendument fortes de ces populations frontalières ? L’observation de leurs pratiques familiales, sociales, économiques, militaires, religieuses ou encore linguistiques, en France comme dans les « provinces belgiques », tend en fait à montrer la compatibilité entre différentes références locales, provinciales, nationales, internationales, qui créent alors des identités plurielles. Le constat de la malléabilité des pratiques et des appartenances conduit à la déconstruction d’une identité flamande, largement fabriquée a posteriori, encore en gestation durant la période qui nous occupe et pleinement développée dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. L’historicisation de ce processus identitaire invite à considérer avec précaution les démarches qui prétendent figer les appartenances et les frontières quelle qu’elles soient
Flanders is often portrayed as an area with an important specificity and therefore with a regional identity that is strong, if not irreducible to any sense of belonging to a wider national or European community. However, general public opinion has always varied on the question of what is Flanders and on the criteria that could define its identity. The complexity of the territory was increased by the status of border region whose delimitation and sovereignty were subject to fluctuations due to wars and treaties. This applies particularly to the period concerned i.e. from the Franco-Austrian border treaties in 1769 and in 1779 to the end of the First French Empire in 1815 and the Treaty of Kortrijk in 1820: corrections, revolutions, wars, annexations and departmentalisation shaped and reshaped the Flemish territory. How could this permanent reshaping interact with the allegedly strong identities of the border populations? The observing of the family, social, economic, military, religious or even linguistic practices tends to show the compatibility between different local, provincial, national and international references that create plural identities, in France as well as in the Belgian provinces. The plasticity of these practices and affiliations leads us to deconstruct the Flemish identity that was essentially built afterwards, while it was still in development during the study period and not fully developed before the second half of the 19th century. Thus the measures that claim to permanently establish any identity or boundary, whatever or wherever they may be, should be considered carefully, by historicising the process of identity building

The debate over the display of the Confederate battle flag in public places throughout the South focus on the flag's display by state governments such South Carolina and Mississippi. The state of Texas is rarely placed in this debate, and neither has the debate adequately explore the role of high schools' use of Confederate symbols. Schools represent the community and serve as a symbol of its values. A school represented by Confederate symbols can communicate a message of intolerance to a rival community or opposing school during sports contests. Within the community, conflict arose when an opposition group to the symbols formed and asked for the symbols' removal in favor of symbols that were seen more acceptable by outside observers. Many times, an outside party needed to step in to resolve the conflict. In Texas, the conflict between those in favor and those oppose centered on the Confederate battle flag, and the memory each side associated with the flag. Anglos saw the flag as their school spirit. African Americans saw hatred.

On 23 April 1964, five months after assuming the office of President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson launched the "More Flags" program as United States policy. While the publicly stated purpose of.the "More Flags" program was to obtain as much non-military free world aid for the Republic of Vietnam as possible, the program's principle goal centered around Lyndon Johnson's desire to obtain an international consensus for America's policies toward Vietnam and Southeast Asia. The "More Flags" program continued to serve both goals for the remainder of Johnson's presidency. Although started with high expectations of success, the "More Flags" program never succeeded in achieving the levels of international cooperation Lyndon Johnson desired. In fact, the program's significant lack of success necessitated a number of changes, during the program's first year, in both its stated goals and in the methods used to prosecute it's implementation. The most important of these changes would be Washington's use of the program's beneficent objectives to mask it's use as the means through which the United States would purchase mercenary troops to fight in South Vietnam. "Mercenaries in Service to America: The 'More Flags' Foreign Policy of the United States," presents the available history of the "More Flags" program during the years of the Johnson Presidency, with an emphasis on the documentation of the program's use as a disguise for America's obtaining mercenary forces from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. The non-mercenary troop contributions from Australia and New Zealand are likewise examined. The majority of documentary evidence comes from the original sources documents in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library in Austin, Texas.

1. Objetivos: Esta tesis pretende realizar un estudio profundo de algunas crónicas de Flandes y así determinar si existía un discurso político, cómo era percibido por sus autores, y si éstos pretendían influenciar con él a sus lectores. Para lograr esto, se analizará la figura de los cronistas de Flandes con el objetivo de poder conocer su origen social, ideal de servicio, idea de cómo se debe gestional el poder y las redes de protección, etc… Tal estudio permitirá un acercamiento al modo en que los cronistas presentaron un territorio que era ajeno a la mayoría de sus lectores. Esto, a su vez, informará sobre cuestiones como cuál era su estructura, si había o no discursos políticos compitiendo, etc… De igual modo, con este estudio se pretende conocer el destino individual de los actores militares, sumado como estaba a la explicación causal y moral de los hechos. Porque la crónica sirve para presentar el desorden del mundo, por eso mismo, permite conocer cómo debía ser ese mundo ordenado: sobre qué moral había de sustentarse, lo cual constituye el propósito de esta tesis. 2. Metodología: Esta investigación se realizará a través de una lectura promenorizada de las obras de cronistas e historiadores que participaron en los hechos militares que narran, una vez han transcurrido más de veinte años, o que tenían presencian en la corte durante tal periodo. Esta lectura se hace según el punto de vista de la historia cultural, al igual que según la historia social y política de los autores y personajes que tratan. Tal análisis político se llevará a cabo utilizando documentación original, memoriales de parte, correspondencia, pero sobre todo una lectura política y moral de sus crónicas. 3. Resultados o conclusiones: Se ha podido comprobar que los cronistas de Flandes no sólo tenían elementos de pensamiento político en su discurso histórico, sino que intentaron influenciar de un modo específico al público que dirigían sus obras. Tal tarea fue realizada por unos autores que se pudieron conocer a fondo, tanto en su diverso origen social, como con respecto a su formación, ideología de servicio al rey y meritocracia. También se pudo conocer la fuerza en ellos de ideas tales como la fama, el prestigio y el honor, el modo en que presentaron la política imperial al público español, apropiación, uso y puesta en práctica de conceptos políticos a través de las cuales definieron el pasado y a ellos mimos, manifestación, a lo largo de todo este proceso, de sus propias convicciones, compromisos, contexto e intuiciones, etc… Tales autores también permitieron comprender lo que ellos consideraban había de ser la función del historiador y cronista, relacionada con la cual estaba el concepto de la verdad de sus relatos. Esto permitió analizar las fuentes que utilizaron, basadas en muchos casos en redes clientelares que actuaron a modo de focos de información y al mismo tiempo hicieron del ejercicio de la escritura un acto colectivo, lo cual redundaba en la veracidad de las crónicas. Tal análisis del contenido político de sus obras permitió comprobar la riqueza de conceptos e ideas que tenían a su disposición, y que supieron utilizar a través de sus escritos para influir en sus lectores a través de la presentación del Imperio Español.
Objectives: This dissertation is intended to be an in-depth study of some of the chronicles of Flanders to determine if there was a political discourse, how its authors perceived it, and if they wanted to influence their readers. To achieve this, this work will analyze the chroniclers of Flanders with the objective of knowing their social background, ideal of service, idea about how should the exercise of power and protection networks be administered, etc… Such investigation will provide an understanding about the way in which the chroniclers presented a territory unknown to most of their readers. This, in turn, will inform about matters such as what was its structure, if there were competing political discourses, etc… Likewise, the purpose of this investigation is based upon the knowledge of the individual destiny of the military actors, associated as it was to the causal and moral explanation of the events. Because the chronicle has the power to present the chaos of the world, it allows to know how that ordered world should be: on what morality it should be grounded, which is the object of study in this thesis. 2. Methodology: This investigation will be carried out through a meticulous reading of the writings of chroniclers and historians who took part in the military events they recount, more than twenty years after they took place, or that were established in the court during that period. The reading of this material is done according to the point of view given by cultural history, and the social and political history of the authors and characters they write about. Such political analysis will be carried out using original documentation, memoriales de parte, correspondence, but above all a political and moral reading of their chronicles. 3. Results or conclusions: It has been demonstrated that the chroniclers of Flanders not only included elements of political thought in their historical discourse, but also tried to influence the public to whom their writings were directed in a specific way. Such a task was carried out by authors who became very well known to us with respect to their diverse social background, as well as in relation to their education, ideology of service to the king and meritocracy. It was also possible to learn the strength in them of ideas such as fame, prestige and honor, the way in which they presented the imperial politics to the Spanish public, their appropriation, use and implementation of political concepts through which they defined the past and themselves, manifestation, throughout this entire process, of their own convictions, compromises, context and intuitions, etc… Such authors also allowed us to understand what they considered was the mission of the historian and chronicler, related to which was the concept of truth in their recounts. This allowed us to analyze the sources that they used, based on many occasions in patronage networks that played the part of information cells and at the same time made the act of writing a shared exercise, which redounded in the truthfulness of the chronicles. Such an analysis of the political content of their works allowed us to verify the richness of concepts and ideas that they had at their disposal, and knew how to use in their works in order to influence their readers through the presentation of the Spanish Empire.

Comme nombre de cités industrielles Firminy (Loire) est au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale une ville où insalubrité et surpeuplement règnent. Les amitiés tissées dans les réseaux de résistance, la recherche d’un terrain propice aux expériences amènent un ancien ministre de la Reconstruction, Eugène Claudius-Petit, déjà député, à briguer le poste de maire. Elu en 1953, il lance très rapidement une vaste opération de rénovation et de restructuration de la cité. Alors que les grands ensembles fleurissent dans les banlieues des grandes villes, il impulse un programme de ce type dans une cité de 25 000 habitants. Il fait appel à une équipe resserrée d’amis architectes, Roux, Sive, Delfante pour concevoir un nouveau quartier suivant les idées de la Charte d’Athènes, Firminy-Vert. Opération de secteur industrialisé, le chantier est aussi un modèle d’industrialisation et de préfabrication. La construction de plus de 1000 logements est lancée et a pour ambition d’offrir aux locataires une nouvelle manière d’habiter génératrice d’une nouvelle société. Architecture, urbanisme, sont mis au service d’une renaissance de la cité. Bâtissant un quartier ils incluent dans le projet des équipements collectifs : écoles, commerces, stade et même une maison de la Culture. Le Corbusier est invité et conçoit pour cette cité une Maison de la Culture, un stade, une unité d’habitation et une église dont le chantier, étalé sur plus de 30 ans, vient de connaître son achèvement offrant à la cité une reconnaissance patrimoniale internationale. La communauté rêvée et attendue dans cet habitat moderne laisse place à la communauté réelle qui s’approprie et transforme ce quartier trop souvent oublié
Firminy a small mining community in the outskirts of Saint-Etienne (France) at the end of WW2 is no different from most industrial cities, the stigma of poverty, human misery, overcrowded and unplanned developments are everywhere. Eugene Claudius Petit, in charge of the post war country rebuilding effort will leverage its connections with the best town planners and Architects to launched some new architectural and planning developments in Firminy, a City were he has been elected mayor in 1953. The renewal and redevelopment endeavor is mimicking in a city of just 25 thousand inhabitants, the projects that at a much broader scale flourish throughout the continent. But the project is also sticking by Eugene Claudius Petit to recruit the best architects and town planner of the time. Roux, Selfante and Sive will help red-define the entire city based on the 95-point program of the Athens chart. Firminy-Vert will also prove to be the perfect model and case study for new building methods experiments and the use of prefabricated element in particular. One thousand accomodations are completed, offering as much useful amenities as possible is a key element in order to create a new way of living, even a new sense of community and society. Architects, town planners are working together to rebuild, regenerate, hoping for a complete Renaissance. Public amenities such as a sport center, a cultural and communities center, a church (which as just been completed 30 years after the ground breaking and give the opportunity for this now coherent development to be world heritage. The idealistic community comes to live translated into a very real community that generates life in a neighborhood too often undervalued and almost forgotten

A ‘Corrida de Revezamento do Fogo Simbólico da Pátria’ – CFS – é uma prática cultural que marca o início das comemorações da ‘Semana da Pátria’ em Porto Alegre no final da década de 1930. A partir de 1938, a CFS foi editada anualmente pela Liga de Defesa Nacional (LDN) com o apoio de dirigentes esportivos porto-alegrenses. Foram esses dirigentes que idealizaram a CFS em Porto Alegre, após assistirem a “Corrida de Revezamento da Chama Olímpica” na cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Berlim em 1936. Este estudo busca compreender a participação dos clubes esportivos porto-alegrenses na construção de representações da identidade nacional brasileira através da invenção da ‘Corrida de Revezamento do Fogo Simbólico da Pátria’ no período de 1938 a 1947. Para tanto, utilizaram-se fontes impressas e orais. As fontes impressas primárias se restringem aos documentos e obras da LDN; entre as principais fontes impressas secundárias estão a Revista do Globo e o jornal Correio do Povo. Foram realizadas duas entrevistas que constituem as fontes orais. A Corrida de Revezamento do Fogo Simbólico da Pátria (1938-1947) foi uma tradição inventada em Porto Alegre, institucionalizada pela LDN com o apoio social feito pelos clubes esportivos. A justificativa de sua realização se deu através de ligações históricosagradas e sua fixação através da repetição anual nas cidades. A CFS buscava engendrar ‘valores’, associados à construção da identidade nacional brasileira. Dessa forma produziu no imaginário porto-alegrense a representação de coesão e unidade nacional em razão do formato de percorrer a nação e ter como ponto de culminância sempre a cidade de Porto Alegre. No contexto esportivo, produziu a representação de que os clubes esportivos identificados como ‘estrangeiros’ foram ‘abrasileirados’ devido à participação de dirigentes esportivos e atletas na CFS.
The 'Nation Torch Relay' – NTR – it is a cultural practice that marks the beginning of the celebrations from 'Nation’s Week’ in Porto Alegre city by the 1930's end. From 1938, the NTR has annually been edited by the National Defense League (NDL) with portoalegrenses sports leaders support. There were those leaders who idealized the NTR in Porto Alegre, after they watched the "Olympic Torch Relay" at Berlin Olympic Games opening ceremony in 1936. This study aims to understand the participation of portoalegrenses sports clubs in the construction of representations from the Brazilian national identity through the invention of the 'Nation Torch Relay' in the period from 1938 to 1947. For this purpose, printed and oral sources were used. The printed primary sources are limited to NDL’s documents and works; among the main printed secondary sources are Globo’s Magazine and Correio do Povo newspaper. There were two interviews, which are the oral sources. The ‘Nation Torch Relay’ (1938-1947) was an invented tradition in Porto Alegre city, institutionalized by NDL with social support from the city’s sports clubs. The justification of its achievement was made by historical and sacred’s links and its fixation through annual repetition in the cities. The NTR aimed to pass 'values'; and they were associated to the construction of Brazilian national identity. Thus, it produced in the porto-alegrense imagination, the representation of national cohesion and unity because of the way it roams about the nation and has as a point of culmination Porto Alegre city. In the sports context, it produced the representation that sports clubs identified, as 'foreigners', were 'adopted Brazilian ways and manners' due to athletes and sports leaders participation in the NTR.

La notion de métafiction, concept de la critique littéraire contemporaine, caractérise ces fictions qui subvertissent les catégories conventionnelles romanesques, et invitent à une aventure sémiologique. Nos recherches nous amènent à proposer la notion de métafiction comme méthode d'investigation du tissu textuel des romans du corpus. Elle interroge la fabula et révèle, dans l'entrelacs des matériaux narratifs, la bibliothèque qui dialogue avec elle, déterminée par le contexte historique d'une époque. L'historiographie agit comme un medium du métatexte et génère un système sémiotique représentable par « un labyrinthe de nœuds interconnectés » : une « sémiosphère », terme que nous empruntons à Lotman. Le parcours intertextuel propose une lecture à plusieurs niveaux et invite à revisiter ironiquement l'Histoire et ses impostures. L'écriture « baroque » d'Umberto Eco les livre généreusement à la sagacité critique d'un Lecteur Modèle, finalement confronté aux dimensions ontologiques de l'œuvre
The notion of metafiction, concept taken from contemporary critics of litterature, defines these fictions subverting conventional categories of novels and invites the reader to a semiologic adventure. Our researches lead us to make the proposition of metafiction as an investigation method to explore the textual network of the novels in our corpus. It questions fabula in order to disclose, in the tracery of narrative materials, the library dialoguing with it, in the historical context of a period. Historiography acts as a medium for the meta-text and generates a semiotic system one can depict under the shape of a labyrinth made of interconnected nodes : a « semiosphere », as defined by Lotman. The intertextual journey offers a multi-levels reading and invites to re-visit, with irony, History and its impostures. The Umberto ECO's « baroque » writing brings them with generosity to the critic acumen of the « Model Reader », eventually confronted to ontological dimensions of the work

Le présent travail propose une mise en parallèle des œuvres romanesques de Louis-Ferdinand Céline et de Claude Simon, avec comme fil conducteur la problématique de la mimésis. Selon l’une des deux acceptions principales retenues, la mimésis désigne le rapport interactif entre le texte et ce qu’on propose d’appeler ici hors-texte ; les deux premières parties de ce travail sont consacrées à l’analyse du rapport entre deux séries d’unités constituantes du texte et deux catégories de hors-texte : premièrement entre les unités constituantes du texte comme univers et la réalité empirique, deuxièmement entre celles de la dimension langagière du texte et le système de la langue. Selon la seconde acception principale, la mimésis désigne le processus actif de composition. Avec cette mise au premier plan de la réalité compositionnelle, dans laquelle la consubstantialité des deux dimensions d’univers et de langage se révèle dans tout son caractère indissociable, il s’agit d’observer le mécanisme spécifique de la composition et sa dynamique, dans un premier temps du côté formel, et dans un second temps du côté informel et expansif de l’imaginaire. À travers ces différentes séries d’analyses, l’objectif est d’observer la diversité et la spécificité des formes et des moyens mis en œuvre pour la production romanesque, et de montrer comment les œuvres de Céline et de Simon remettent en cause et rénover à la fois la création romanesque et la théorie littéraire
This work proposes to put in parallel the novels of Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Claude Simon, guided by the problematic of the mimesis. According to the first of the two principal meanings, the mimesis indicates the interactive relationship between the text and what one proposes to call here out-text; the first two parts of this work are dedicated to the analysis of the relationship between two series of constituent units of text and two categories of out-text: firstly between the constituent units of the text as universe and the empirical reality, secondly between the units of the linguistic dimension of the text and the system of the language. According to the second principal meaning, the mimesis indicates the active process of composition. By putting the reality of composition in the foreground the consubstantiality of two dimensions of universe and language appears in all its indivisible character, and the purpose is to observe the specific mechanism of the composition and its dynamics, first of all on the formal side, secondly on the informal and expansive side of the imaginary. Through these various series of analyses, the aim is to observe the diversity and the specificity of the forms and the means used for the novelistic production, and to show how the Céline and Simon’s works call into question and renew, at the same time, the novelistic creation and the literary theory

The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the managerial â actionâ of public administrators in the management of their organizations within the brazilian context. It seeks to understand the relationships between managers and formal management mechanisms by exploring the complementary nature of the effective managerial action in the face of structural deficiencies and flaws, considering the possibility of overcoming the structuralism-subjectivism dichotomy present in the construction of the Theory of Organizations. Initially, the study provides a review of the literature on organizational design. It highlights the â goodness of fitâ proposition on strategic choice issues concerning the main organizational variables design and organizational goal attainment. It also calls special attention to the emerging interest of designing theorists on interpretivist aproachs to the matter, such that of Karl Weick. A review of the the administrative reforms in Brazil is made from the perspective of the main stream organizational design conceptual framework. It highlights the complex dynamics of a constant search for differenciation and flexibilization subject to patherns of advances and reversals, due to the centrality, streng and pervasiveness of the bureaucratic model. It is concluded that in no single given moment, a public manager and his team, may count on a formal organizational design wich attends the â congruencyâ criteria, devised by organizational design conceptual frameworks, to explain organizational results in different environmental sets. Although this conclusion may explain failure at the public sector, it can not provide understanding on the many instances of significative success attained by government operations in spite of inadequate formal administrative structures. This point calls for a better understanding from the interpretivist aproach, on how public administrators, strongly associated with good organizational results, engage into transformative action, in order to superate administrative structures flaws and disfuncional cultural patherns of conduct, structurally present and constantly reproduced, in vigorous develloping countries, such as Brazil. The dissertation transcribes the testimony of four outstanding public administrators, doing a deep incursion in the managerial real world of public administration, as subjectivelly defined by them and transformed by their engagement into action.Through the thematic version of the Oral History methodology, full segments of the complete enterviews are cathegorized into the thirty two managerial strategies captured wich are presented on a recathegorized manner under eight main strategies: (1) Interchanging Frames of Reference; (2) Exploring the Formal Limits; (3) Playing the Bureaucracy Game; (4) Inducing the Inclusion of Others (5)Promoting Internal Cohesion; (6) Creating Shields against Transgressions; (7) Overcoming Internal Restrictions; (8) Letting the Structures Blossom. Each one of these eight blocks of strategies presented, deserves further reflexive interpretation by the author, on the light of the interpretivist aproach to organizational design. A final effort is made, now on theory building, for improuving understanding on the matter. In order to find a significant meaning underlining all the strategies extracted from the â practical constiounessâ of the enterviweers as revealed in their report, the author resort to a methafor. This methafor helps to: (1) better describe and understand a not adequately treated phenomenon, namely, good results under inadequate structural social and organizational conditions; (2) reveal the logic and the meaning underlining all the strategies adopted to generate results under these unfaithfull conditions; (3) name, accordingly to the nature of the managerial transformative social action envolved, an open ended class of managerial interventions of a pragmatic sort driven by an ethics of results much common to good managers, that is, the concept of â managerial equalizationâ ; and (4) give back to public administrators, represented by the enterviwees, to be incorporated in their â discursive counciousnessâ , something the most effective and experienced public managers already have as tacit knowledge built in their â practical counsciousnessâ , and so, help the education and development of new talents.
Ph. D.

I was born in the district village of Cilimus, a little mountainous place in the residency of Cirebon. Between five and nine years old I suffered from dysentery, typhus and eye disease which could have made me die or go blind. Praise be to God I recovered under the loving care of my parents. At that time the uprising of the PKI broke out and soon after the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) was set up by Ir. Sukarno. From 1928 till 1932 Indonesia suffered from the Great Depression which caused much unemployment and business became very bad. At first my education was not a great success since my parents were hesitant in choosing between sending me to a Chinese school or a Dutch school. When I was successful in finishing at Dutch Primary School with good examination records I went to Solo and Yogyakarta to attend Dutch teachers’ Training College and a Dutch Theological College. I had to leave school when the Japanese arrived. My family had to move to Kadugede, a remote village on the slope of Mount Ciremai, 45 km from the city of Cirebon. I could not continue my studies since all Dutch schools were closed. All the young people had to undergo military training or serve the Japanese Military by building airports and so on. I underwent Japanese Keibotai (Intelligence) military training in Linggajati, a mountainous village, 5 km from Cilimus. The Keibotai military training centre in Linggajati was headed by Mr. Watanabe who was a colonel and quite likely responsible to Colonel Kurija, chief of the Joohoobu (Intelligence Staff) of the 16th Army. Some other assistants to Watanabe were Akano, Fukuda and Tomita. The purpose of this training was to train the Chinese youth to become auxiliary Intelligence Staff. I had to flee to the military training dormitory when I was not permitted to go home in order to get engaged to my fiancée. When I came back to the military training I was punished by one week’s room arrest. One month after the arrest I heard that Japan had surrendered to the Allied Forces after suffering from atomic bombardments on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I returned home on 15 August 1945. Two days later, 17 August 1945, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia. Native young people underwent military training to defend their country. The republic set up the people’s Security Body (BKR) which later become the People’s security Forces (TKR), the foundation of the current Indonesian Armed Forces. Somebody was slandering me and accused me of being a spy for the Japanese military. I had an interview with the council of the BKR of Kuningan which trusted me and set me free. On 10 March 1946 my fiancée and I celebrated our wedding party. When the Dutch occupied West Java I went to Batavia (Jakarta) to find a job and asked my parents, my wife and children to come over when I settled. In Jakarta I improved my knowledge and achieved several diplomas, and degrees in Languages and Business. For many years I worked as manager and managing director of several enterprises until I ran a transportation business where I had 50% share and was appointed Managing Director. The business was running smoothly until the abortive coup of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). After the Communist coup and the rupia devaluation there came a slump in my business. I got a job at the National University as lecturer in English and Dutch. I also had private students in English, Dutch and Indonesian which became a good teaching business. But since I wanted to obtain a foreign degree, my wife and I migrated in 1983 to Australia. In this thesis I address the issue of the role of the Chinese in late colonial Indonesia. In many ways my family was typical of the Chinese as businesspeople and entrepreneurs. My attitudes to colonialism changed from enthusiastic admiration for the Dutch in my youth to a more nationalistic approach and embrace of the Indonesian Republic as a young man. While, like most Chinese, I was no supporter of Japan’s war aims, I was obliged to serve in Japanese-sponsored organisations and my analysis of the Japanese occupation is not entirely negative. This autobiographical analysis charts these important (and representative) changes in my attitudes, as well as providing a personal perspective on a crucial period in Indonesia’s history from the point of view of a representative member of a significant minority.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

It has long been demonstrated that increased appreciation of place initiates stewardship and responsible management of the land. Interpretative design possesses the potential to generate this stewardship through recovering the connections between place and the people that inhabit it. It is essential that interpretation be integrated into the everyday landscape to deepen one's respect of the past and one's commitment to its future. This vision of an interpretive trail in Mission, British Columbia, explores techniques of illuminating place history to inspire and challenge cognitive participation with the landscape. The format of this project begins with a discussion of the values and limits of interpretative methods. Secondly, the study area is introduced through site reconnaissance with special emphasis on historical morphology and social history. Next, interpretive design strategies are explored in conjunction with significant landscape precedents, culminating in a design approach for an interpretive trail on Mission Flats. Six nodes along the trail serve as keystones for this approach, with individual nodes revealing historical processes, both natural and cultural, through design. Akin to Mission Flats, every place is intimately bound to the people and events that have shaped it. Illumination of this connection is the goal of interpretive design. The planning and design phases of development are incomplete without the inclusion of this holistic vision of place. It is therefore imperative that we further explore interpretive design, so that it may be integrated into the oft-impersonal contemporary landscape, for the generation of authentic place identity.

碩士
國立中興大學
歷史學系所
97
The tavern is the most popular of restaurants industry in Tang Dynasty. It’s whether in the urban cities and towns, or cottage in the village can be seen everywhere. And it is a drinking and fun while they seek a place to relax the soul. Alcohol is to promote the literature of the Tang literati an important factor, is also a remarkable cultural phenomenon. This dissertation focuses on the culture of tavern which found in literature and history of the Tang Dynasty. Further conduct an in-depth analysis, research and exploration. Relative stability of society, economic growth and improvement of living conditions lead up to people’s increasing attention on the quality of life. Drinking grew to be a particular cultural phenomenon in the Tang Dynasty, the culture of tavern prevailing in society. In the environment of tavern culture, poets exert their utmost to manifest tavern culture, and to present the richness, complexity and profundity of their emotions. The rulers of Tang dynasty were known for their open-mindedness and kept an enlightened way of life. As a result, the Tang dynasty was most successful in Chinese history to absorb and assimilate foreign cultures. The metropolis Chang An was the envoys of various countries, businessman are in an endless stream, international trade and business and cultural exchanges are frequent; while is also various races businessman, the foreigner gathers most places. Consequently, 「Jiujia-Hu」, who lived in cities and sold wine, and accomplishes one of Tang Dynasty tavern culture characteristics. On the side, 「Huji」, who is the foreign land character and style is attracting the poet, and becomes an important literature image in the Tang poem. The main texts applied in this dissertation are literature and history of the Tang Dynasty. After collecting the works related and categorizing all the materials, and made every effort to return to original state Tang Dynasty tavern actual style then.

Glass has been made and used for centuries but South African artists, isolated for the last three decades, are only now becoming aware of the potential of hot or warm glass as an art medium. In antiquity glass objects were created using various processes but the 'factory' tradition began with the discovery of the blowing iron in the first century AD. The invention of the tank furnace in the late 1950s revolutionised modem production, enabling individual artists to make glass in private studios without blowing teams. The research describes ancient.. glassmaking processes and indicates how they have been explored, adapted and used by contemporary artists world wide, challenging craft orientated paradigms, and proving that glass is a viable and important sculpture medium. The practical research demonstrates the application of many processes and relates technical issues to sculptural concepts which are realized through the physical and material properties of glass.
Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology
M.A. (Fine Art)

Встановлено, що серед відомих українських педагогів першої половини ХХ ст. був як теоретичний так і практичний досвід Якова Борисовича Рєзніка (1892-1952) – першого доктора педагогічних наук в Україні (1940), дослідника проблем дидактики, психології та виховання, педагога-практика із власним розумінням шляхів реформування шкільної освіти, методиста початкової та середньої освіти, керівника Дослідного дитячого будинку, автора багатьох наукових праць, присвячених актуальним проблемам педагогічної теорії і практики, викладача, організатора середніх і вищих навчальних закладів України. Розкрито значення його праць: “Правда історії: Діяльність Єврейської культурно-просвітницької організації “Культурна Ліга (1918-1925)” (1995) кандидата історичних наук М.Рибакова, де підкреслено важливу роль професора Я.Рєзніка в розвитку педагогічної науки в Україні. Деякі дані про науково-педагогічну діяльність наведено у праці Цві Гітельмана “Єврей і радянська політика” (Нью-Йорк, 1972). Стислу інформацію про Я.Рєзніка та його діяльність підготували М. Гончаров, Б.Kaгaн, І.Каїров та М.Ярмаченко до довідково-енциклопедичних видань (“Библиографический указатель” (1961), “Педагогическая энциклопедия” (1966), “Biographical Dictionary of modern Yiddish literature” (Нью-Йорк, 1981), “Педагогічний словник” (2001)). Висвітлено, що Я.Рєзнік залишив значну наукову спадщину, у тому числі підручники, посібники, ряд статей на педагогічні теми українською, російською і єврейською мовами. Але, на жаль, більшість його творів ще не впорядковані, не систематизовані, не проаналізовані й потребують вивчення, узагальнення та критичного переосмислення. Ми зробили спробу вперше проаналізувати науково-педагогічну діяльність Я.Рєзніка
Установлено, что среди известных украинских педагогов первой половины ХХ в. был как теоретический так и практический опыт Якова Борисовича Резника (1892-1952) - первого доктора педагогических наук в Украине (1940), исследователя проблем дидактики, психологии и воспитания, педагога-практика с собственным пониманием путей реформирования школьного образования, методиста начального и среднего образования, руководителя исследовательского детского дома, автора многих научных трудов, посвященных актуальным проблемам педагогической теории и практики, преподавателя, организатора средних и высших учебных заведений Украины. Раскрыто значение его трудов: «Правда истории: Деятельность Еврейской культурно-просветительской организации" Культурная Лига (1918-1925) "(1995) кандидата исторических наук М.Рибакова, где подчеркнуто важную роль профессора Я.Резника в развитии педагогической науки в Украине. Некоторые данные о научно-педагогическую деятельность приведены в работе Цви Гительман "Еврей и советская политика" (Нью-Йорк, 1972). Краткую информацию о Я.Резника и его деятельность подготовили М. Гончаров, Б.Kaгaн, И.Каиров и М.Ярмаченко к справочно-энциклопедических изданий ( "Библиографический указатель" (1961), "Педагогическая энциклопедия" (1966), "Biographical Dictionary of modern Yiddish literature "(Нью-Йорк, 1981)," Педагогический словарь "(2001)). Освещено, что Я.Резник оставил значительное научное наследие, в том числе учебники, пособия, ряд статей на педагогические темы на украинском, русском и еврейском языках. Но, к сожалению, большинство его произведений еще не упорядочены, не систематизированы, не проанализированы и требуют изучение, обобщение и критического переосмысления. Мы сделали попытку впервые проанализировать научно-педагогическую деятельность Я.Резника
It is established that among the well-known Ukrainian teachers of the first half of the 20th century, was the theoretical and practical experience of Yakov Borisovich Reznik (1892-1952) - the first doctor of pedagogical sciences in Ukraine (1940), the researcher of the problems of didactics, psychology and upbringing, the teacher-practitioner with his own understanding of the ways of reforming school education, the methodologist of primary and secondary education , the head of the research children's home, the author of many scientific works devoted to the actual problems of pedagogical theory and practice, a teacher, organizer of secondary and higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The significance of his works is revealed: "The truth of history: The activity of the Jewish Cultural and Educational Organization" Cultural League (1918-1925) "(1995) M.Ribakov, the candidate of historical sciences, where the important role of Professor J.Reznik in the development of pedagogical science in Ukraine was stressed. Some data on scientific and pedagogical activity are given in the work of Zvi Gitelman "The Jew and Soviet Politics" (New York, 1972). Brief information about J. Reznik and his activity was prepared by M. Goncharov, B. Kagan, I. Kairov and M. Yarmachenko to reference and encyclopaedic publications ("Bibliographic Index" (1961), "Pedagogical Encyclopedia" (1966), "Biographical Dictionary of modern Yiddish literature "(New York, 1981)," The Pedagogical Dictionary "(2001)). It is reported that J. Reznik left a significant scientific legacy, including textbooks, manuals, a number of articles on pedagogical topics in Ukrainian, Russian and Hebrew. But, unfortunately, most of his works are not yet ordered, not systematized, not analyzed and require study, generalization and critical rethinking. We made an attempt for the first time to analyze the scientific and pedagogical activity of J. Reznik