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Academic literature on the topic 'Flares History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flares History"

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Volvach, A. E., L. N. Volvach, M. G. Larionov, G. C. MacLeod, S. P. van den Heever, and K. Sugiyama. "Monitoring a methanol maser flare associated with the massive star-forming region G358.93–0.03." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 494, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): L59—L63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa036.

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ABSTRACT We report the earliest detection of the 19.967-GHz [transition 21–30E (t = 0)] methanol maser associated with the massive star-forming region G358.93–0.03. The flare was detectable from 2019 January 23 to March 5, for only 44 d. It turned out to be the most powerful 19.967-GHz maser in the Galaxy in the entire history of observations, taking into account the 104-Jy flux from it on the Earth’s surface and the distance to the source, 6.75 kpc. The 19.967-GHz maser flared contemporaneously with the first of two flares detected in associated 20.971-GHz methanol masers. We estimated that the ratio of flux densities between these two transitions is F20.971/F19.967 = 14 ± 4, increasing to >520 in the second flare. We discuss the differences between the two flares in the 20.971-GHz methanol masers and the consequence thereof.
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Rudwaleit, M., E. Rødevand, P. Holck, J. Vanhoof, M. Kron, S. Kary, and H. Kupper. "Adalimumab effectively reduces the rate of anterior uveitis flares in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a prospective open-label study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 68, no. 5 (July 28, 2008): 696–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.092585.

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Objective:To evaluate the effect of adalimumab on the frequency of anterior uveitis (AU) flares in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods:We determined the history of ophthalmologist-diagnosed AU in 1250 patients with active AS who were enrolled in a multinational, open-label, uncontrolled clinical study of treatment with adalimumab, 40 mg every other week for up to 20 weeks. All AU flares were documented throughout the adalimumab treatment period plus 70 days. We compared the rates of AU flares per 100 patient years (PYs) reported during the year before adalimumab treatment with rates during adalimumab treatment, in total and by patient subgroups.Results:The AU flare rates before adalimumab treatment were 15/100 PYs in all patients (n = 1250), 68.4/100 PYs in 274 patients with a history of AU flares, 176.9/100 PYs in 106 patients with a recent history of AU flares, 192.9/100 PYs in 28 patients with symptomatic AU at baseline and 129.1/100 PYs in 43 patients with a history of chronic uveitis. During adalimumab treatment, the rate of AU flares was reduced by 51% in all patients, by 58% in 274 patients with a history of AU, by 68% in 106 patients with a recent history of AU, by 50% in 28 patients with symptomatic AU at baseline and by 45% in 43 patients with chronic uveitis. AU flares during adalimumab treatment were predominantly mild. Two patients with periods of high AS disease activity had new-onset AU during the treatment period.Conclusions:Results of this prospective open-label study suggest that adalimumab had a substantial preventive effect on AU flares in patients with active AS, including patients with a recent history of AU flares.Clinical trials:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00478660.
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Chen, Kuan-Jung, Yen-Chun Huang, Yu-Cheng Yao, Wei Hsiung, Po-Hsin Chou, Shih-Tien Wang, Ming-Chau Chang, and Hsi-Hsien Lin. "Risk Factors for Postsurgical Gout Flares after Thoracolumbar Spine Surgeries." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133749.

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Gouty arthritis is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and flares frequently after surgeries. Such flares impede early patient mobilization and lengthen hospital stays; however, little has been reported on gout flares after spinal procedures. This study reviewed a database of 6439 adult patients who underwent thoracolumbar spine surgery between January 2009 and June 2021, and 128 patients who had a history of gouty arthritis were included. Baseline characteristics and operative details were compared between the flare-up and no-flare groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze predictors and construct a predictive model of postoperative flares. This model was validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Fifty-six patients (43.8%) had postsurgical gout flares. Multivariate analysis identified gout medication use (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.75; p = 0.009), smoking (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.34–7.80; p = 0.009), preoperative hemoglobin level (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53–0.87; p = 0.002), and hemoglobin drop (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.25–2.96; p = 0.003) as predictors for postsurgical flare. The area under the ROC curve was 0.801 (95% CI, 0.717–0.877; p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point of probability greater than 0.453 predicted gout flare with a sensitivity of 76.8% and specificity of 73.2%. The prediction model may help identify patients at an increased risk of gout flare.
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Cliver, Edward W. "History of research on solar energetic particle (SEP) events: the evolving paradigm." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S257 (September 2008): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309029639.

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AbstractForbush initiated research on solar energetic particle (SEP) events in 1946 when he reported ionization chamber observations of the first three ground level events (GLEs). The next key development was the neutron monitor observation of the GLE of 23 February 1956. Meyer, Parker and Simpson attributed this high-energy SEP event to a short time-scale process associated with a solar flare and ascribed the much longer duration of the particle event to scattering in the interplanetary medium. Thus “flare particle” acceleration became the initial paradigm for SEP acceleration at the Sun. A more fully-developed picture was presented by the Australian radio astronomers Wild, Smerd, and Weiss in 1963. They identified two distinct SEP acceleration processes in flares: (1) the first phase accelerated primarily ~100 keV electrons that gave rise to fast-drift type III emission as they streamed outward through the solar atmosphere; (2) the second phase was produced by an outward moving (~1000 km s−1) magnetohydrodynamic shock, occurring in certain (generally larger) flares. The second phase, manifested by slow-drift metric type II emission, appeared to be required for substantial acceleration of protons and higher-energy electrons. This two-stage (or two-class) picture gained acceptance during the 1980s as composition and charge state measurements strengthened the evidence for two distinct types of particle events which were termed impulsive (attributed to flare-resident acceleration process(es)) and gradual (shock-associated). Reames championed the two-class picture and it is the commonly accepted paradigm today. A key error made in the establishment of this paradigm was revealed in the late 1990s by observations of SEP composition and charge states at higher energies (>10 MeV) than previously available. Specifically, some large and therefore presumably “gradual” SEP events looked “impulsive” at these energies. One group of researchers attributes these unusual events to acceleration of high-energy SEPs by flares and another school favors acceleration of flare seed particles by quasi-perpendicular shocks. A revised SEP classification scheme is proposed to accommodate the new observations and to include ideas on geometry and seed particle composition recently incorporated into models of shock acceleration of SEPs.
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Armagan, B., E. Atalar, B. Özdemir, Ö. Karakaş, E. Kayacan Erdogan, S. C. Güven, I. Dogan, O. Küçükşahin, and A. Erden. "AB1175 EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 DISEASE ON AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS DISEASE FLARE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1702.2–1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4769.

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BackgroundRheumatological disease flares may be seen after many infections. However, our knowledge for the post-COVID axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) flares and its related factors is limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate disease activity and factors that may be associated with disease activity in axial SpA patients in post-COVID period.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the axial SpA patients who have had COVID-19 disease confirmed by a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerized chain reaction (PCR) test result. Demographics, comorbid diseases, active medical treatments for SpA and information regarding COVID-19 clinical courses were collected from medical records. PCR positive patients were reached via telephone and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) scored for pre- and post-COVID SpA symptoms. An increase of ≥2 points in the BASDAI score was defined as flare, and SpA groups with and without flare were compared. Factors predicting SpA flare were also analyzed by the logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 48 axial SpA patients were included in our study, 65% of them male and the mean±SD age was 42.3±8.6 years. Post-COVID SpA flare was seen in 38% patients. Demographic, clinical, medical features of the SpA patients and COVID-19 disease severity were similar between Flare and No flare groups. In comparison of the COVID-19 symptoms, although most of the COVID-19 related symptoms were similar between two groups, the frequency of the back pain and diarrhea were higher in the Flare group than No flare group. But in multivariate analysis, only history of the inflammatory bowel disease had an increased risk for post-COVID SpA flare (Table 1).Table 1.Results from adjusted logistic regression model of the spondyloarthritis flareVariablesEnter MethodBackward:Conditional MethodOR95% CIpOR95% CIpSmoking0.1250.013-1.2330.075Multimorbidity0.2440.047-1.2560.091Inflammatory bowel disease33.2211.236-892.7200.03734.3821.571-752.4620.025Fever1.5820.334-7.4860.563Arthralgia3.4380.233-50.6300.368Back pain1.0540.080-13.8950.968OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence IntervalConclusionThe presence of inflammatory bowel disease statistically significant related post-COVID SpA flares. In addition, diarrhea and back pain symptoms in COVID-19 disease may be stimulating factors for SpA flares but we found no effect of rheumatological therapies.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Waggoner, Abygail R., and L. Ilsedore Cleeves. "Classification of X-Ray Flare-driven Chemical Variability in Protoplanetary Disks." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac549f.

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Abstract Young stars are highly variable in the X-ray regime. In particular, bright X-ray flares can substantially enhance ionization in the surrounding protoplanetary disk. Since disk chemical evolution is impacted by ionization, X-ray flares have the potential to fundamentally alter the chemistry of planet-forming regions. We present two-dimensional disk chemical models that incorporate a stochastic X-ray flaring module, named XGEN, and examine the flares’ overall chemical impact compared to models that assume a constant X-ray flux. We examine the impact of 500 yr of flaring events and find global chemical changes on both short timescales (days) in response to discrete flaring events and long timescales (centuries) in response to the cumulative impact of many flares. Individual X-ray flares most strongly affect small gas-phase cations, where a single flare can temporarily enhance the abundance of species such as H 3 + , HCO+, CH3 +, and C+. We find that flares can also drive chemistry out of “steady state” over longer time periods, where the disk-integrated abundance of some species, such as O and O2, changes by a few percent over the 500 yr model. We also explore whether the specific history of X-ray flaring events (randomly drawn but from the same energy distribution) impacts the chemical evolution and find that it does not. Finally, we examine the impact of X-ray flares on the electron fraction. While most molecules modeled are not highly sensitive to flares, certain species, including observable molecules, are very reactive to the dynamic environment of a young star.
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Fasano, Serena, Melania Alessia Coscia, Luciana Pierro, and Francesco Ciccia. "Which patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in remission can withdraw low dose steroids? Results from a single inception cohort study." Lupus 30, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09612033211002269.

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Background A progressive tapering until withdrawal of glucocorticoids (GC) is considered one of the main goals of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) management. However, which patient may be a candidate for safe GC withdrawal has not been determined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of low-dose GC withdrawal in SLE patients in remission and to identify predictors of flares. Methods Eligible patients were SLE patients in prolonged clinical remission defined by a cSLEDAI = 0 for at least 2 years and on a stable SLE treatment (including daily 5 mg prednisone). Flares were defined by SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index. Predictors of flares after GC withdrawal were analyzed by Cox regression. Results We selected 56 patients in whom a GC withdrawal was attempted. 98 patients were in the prednisone maintenance group. The proportion of patients experiencing a flare was not significantly lower in the maintenance group than in the withdrawal group (p = 0.81). However, among the withdrawal group, the rate of flares was significantly higher in serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) patients (p < 0,0001). At Cox regression analysis, duration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy and ≥5 year remission at withdrawal were protective factors, while a SACQ disease and history of lupus nephritis increased the risk of disease flare. Conclusion GC withdrawal is an achievable target in SLE and may be attempted in patients in complete remission.However, it might underline a caution in patients with SACQ disease who may be at greater risk forflare when GCare discontinued. HCQ therapy and durable remission can significantly reduce the risk.
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Hussain, Imad. "Study of the duration of the solar flare of the 23 and 24 solar cycles." MOMENTO, no. 66 (January 2, 2023): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/mo.n66.104439.

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Studying solar flares and their characteristics is significant for understanding the dynamics of the sun. In this work, a new view for studying the duration time of solar flares is presented. Regarding the analysis of the duration time, one of the solar flares parameters is introduced for the solar cycles 23 and 24. This is done by ordering the duration time of solar flares into five groups of minutes (<30, 30-60, 60 90, 90-120, >120) and calculating the total annual duration time of solar flares for each group. The total annual duration time is also calculated for each class of solar flare classification (B, C, M, X). Their relationship with both F10.7 and Kp-index are also studied. We found that approximately 41% of solar flares occur within 6-12 minutes for both solar cycles. Additionally, the total average of their duration time is 19.1 and 19.6 minutes, respectively.Also, the average duration time of the ascending phase is less than the descending phase of both solar cycles for all classes of solar flares, except for B-class, which is vice versa. The relationship between the duration time of solar flares with F10.7 is strong. In contrast, the relationship with the Earth’s magnetic field is weak.
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van der Horst-Bruinsma, Irene, Rianne van Bentum, Frank D. Verbraak, Thomas Rath, James T. Rosenbaum, Maria Misterska-Skora, Bengt Hoepken, et al. "The impact of certolizumab pegol treatment on the incidence of anterior uveitis flares in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: 48-week interim results from C-VIEW." RMD Open 6, no. 1 (April 2020): e001161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001161.

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BackgroundAcute anterior uveitis (AAU) is the most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). C-VIEW investigates the impact of the Fc-free TNF inhibitor certolizumab pegol (CZP) on AAU flares in patients with active axSpA at high risk of recurrent AAU.MethodsC-VIEW (NCT03020992) is a 96-week ongoing, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 study. Included patients had an axSpA diagnosis, a history of recurrent AAU (≥2 AAU flares, ≥1 flare in the year prior to study entry), HLA-B27 positivity, active disease, and failure of ≥2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients received CZP 400 mg at Weeks 0/2/4, then 200 mg every 2 weeks up to 96 weeks. This 48-week pre-planned interim analysis compares AAU flare incidence in the 48 weeks before and after initiation of CZP treatment, using Poisson regression to account for possible within-patient correlations.ResultsIn total, 89 patients were included (male: 63%; radiographic/non-radiographic axSpA: 85%/15%; mean axSpA disease duration: 8.6 years). During 48 weeks’ CZP treatment, 13 (15%) patients experienced 15 AAU flares, representing an 87% reduction in AAU incidence rate (146.6 per 100 patient-years (PY) in the 48 weeks pre-baseline to 18.7 per 100 PY during CZP treatment). Poisson regression analysis showed that the incidence rate of AAU per patient reduced from 1.5 to 0.2 (p<0.001). No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsThere was a significant reduction in the AAU flare rate during 48 weeks of CZP treatment, indicating that CZP is a suitable treatment option for patients with active axSpA and a history of recurrent AAU.
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Kurtanidze, Omar M. "CCD Monitoring of Flare Stars in Stellar Aggregates." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 151 (1995): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100034801.

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After Haro’s fundamental discovery of flare stars in stellar associations and young clusters, their importance was fully recognized. The flare star system provides one of the most important records of the stellar aggregate’s history. This record can be used to establish the chronology of these systems and to test theories of star and aggregate formation.Unfortunately, the observational material contains an unavoidable strong selection with respect to the statistics and the physical characteristics of flare stars in aggregates. This explains the difficulties which arise when one tries to compare physical and statistical characteristics of flare stars in aggregates and in the solar neighborhood, since the latter objects are studied almost exclusively by photoelectric methods. The flare frequency in aggregates is more than one order of magnitude smaller than that of flare stars in the solar neighbourhood. This is probably a selection effect, since the photographic observations in aggregates have been carried out with exposure times 5-10 min. Small amplitude flares cannot be recorded at all. Flare stars in aggregates are usually objects whose recorded flares have amplitudes > 0m.6 − 0m.7, and which last for at least 5 min. The long exposure masks the true amplitude of the flare.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flares History"

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Richards, Rashna Wadia. "Lightning flashes a cinephiliac history of Classic Hollywood /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015522.

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Sergie, Lina 1974. "Recollecting history : songs, flags and a Syrian square." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70372.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-[120]).
Symbols have played a major role in the development of a Syrian national identity since the beginning of the 20th century. These representations are national, official, and/or public (flag, song, and square), that are repetitively performed by successive generations of Syrian citizens, thus forming the historic collective framework of Syrian memory. The symbols are remembered as past public sites of independence and freedom while they currently signify an imposed loyalty to the authoritarian Syrian regime. In the translation of nostalgic memory as active resistance, the double play of meaning (both official and personal) creates an opportunity to subvert domination. This subversion is inherent in every official performance, in every pledge to the flag, in every performance of the anthem, and in every mandatory demonstration across the public squares. This thesis weaves the visual and spatial representations of power and the subsequent subversions for empowerment to narrate an untold, recollected, Syrian history.
by Lina Sergie.
S.M.
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Anderson, Ethan M. "War flags into peace flags: the return of captured Mexican battle flags during the Truman administration." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6995.

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Master of Arts
Department of History
Charles W. Sanders
On September 13, 1950, in a culmination of three years of efforts by organizations and individuals inside and outside the Harry S. Truman administration, 69 captured battle flags from the Mexican-American War were formally returned to the Mexican government at a ceremony in Mexico City. The events surrounding the return of flags to Mexico occurred in two distinct phases. The first was a small, secretive, and largely symbolic return of three flags conceived and carried out by high-ranking U.S. government officials in June 1947. The second large-scale, public return of the remaining flags in the custody of the War Department was initiated by the American Legion and enacted by the United States Congress. Despite their differences, both returns were heavily influenced by contemporary events, primarily the presidential election of 1948 and the escalation of the Cold War. Also, although the second return was much more extensive than the President originally intended, it was only through his full support that either return was accomplished. In the decades since 1950, historians have either ignored the return of Mexican battle flags or focused instead on Truman’s wreath laying at the monument to the niños héroes in Mexico City in March 1947. This study, for the first time, provides an in-depth description of the efforts to return captured Mexican battle flags and explains why these war trophies were returned while others have remained in the United States. The goal of this investigation is to present the efforts of the Truman administration for what they truly were: an unprecedented act of international friendship. Although the actions of the U.S. government and private organizations were partially influenced by self-interest and Cold War fears, their primary motivation was a sincere desire to erase the painful memories surrounding the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 in an effort to improve future relations between the two countries. Many historians point to the Truman administration as the end of the Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America. This study, however, argues that the return of captured Mexican battle flags represents the true pinnacle of the United States’ Good Neighbor Policy toward its southern neighbor.
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Swindall, Reuben Jay. "Fierce Flames and the Golden Lotus: Case Studies on the Madness and Creativity Connection." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08202010-081429/.

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A historical/biographical analysis of the connection between creativity and a variety of psychoses including: syphilis, epilepsy, schizophenia and manic-depression/bi-polar disorder. The figures examined are Gustave Flaubert, Hector Berlioz, Friedrich Nietzsche, Rainer Maria Rilke, Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath.
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Ryan, Kathleen M. ""When flags flew high" : propaganda, memory, and oral history for World War II female veterans /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8332.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 377-400). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Grey, Kaitlynn. "Grape Flasks of Third-Century Cologne: An Investigation into Roman Glass and Dionysus." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent152685668282561.

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Huffstetter, Olivia. "From Sahagun to the Mainstream| Flawed Representations of Latin American Culture in Image and Text." Thesis, Oklahoma State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10808090.

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Early European travel literature was a prominent source from which information about the New World was presented to a general audience. Geographic regions situated within what is now referred to as Latin America were particularly visible in these accounts. Information regarding the religious customs and styles of dress associated with the indigenous peoples who inhabited these lands were especially curious points of interest to the European readers who were attempting to understand the lifestyles of these so-called “savages.” These reports, no matter their sources, always claimed to be true and accurate descriptions of what they were documenting. Despite these claims, it is clear that the dominant Western/Christian perspective from which these sources were derived established an extremely visible veil of bias. As a result, the texts and images documenting these accounts display highly flawed and misinformed representations of indigenous Latin American culture. Although it is now understood that these sources were often greatly exaggerated, the texts and images within them are still widely circulated in present-day museum exhibitions. When positioned in this framework, they are meant to be educational references for the audiences that view them. However, museums often condense the amount of information they provide, causing significant details of historical context to be excluded.

With such considerable omission being common in museum exhibitions, it causes one to question if this practice might be perpetuating the distribution of misleading information. Drawing on this question, I seek, with this research, to investigate how early European representations of Latin American culture in travel literature may be linked to current issues of misrepresentation. Particularly, my research is concerned with finding connections that may be present with these texts and images and the negative aspects of cultural appropriation. Looking specifically at representations of Aztec culture, I consult three texts and their accompanying illustrations from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries to analyze their misrepresentational qualities, and how they differed between time periods and regions. Finally, I use this information to analyze museum exhibition practices and how they could be improved when displaying complex historical frameworks like those of indigenous Latin American cultures.

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Boone, Clifford. "Puritan evangelism : preaching for conversion in late-seventeenth century English puritanism as seen in the works of John Flavel." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683232.

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Mougin, Pascal. "L'effet d'image dans quatre romans de claude simon : la route des flandres, histoire, les georgiques, l'acacia." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030061.

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La recherche tente d'analyser le corpus du point de vue des effets de lecture. Utilisation de l'informatique. Partie 1. Etude de quelques modalites de la representation dans l'ecriture de claude simon : qu'est-ce que "faire voir" malgre en raison du caractere problematique de la reference ; la metalepse et l'effet de reel ; la tonalite mi-objective mi-subjective de la description (a travers l'etude de la repetition lexicale). Partie 2. Approche stylistique de la metaphore et de la comparaison simoniennes. La comparaison domine. La metaphore, quand elle ne releve pas de la reserve tropique de la langue exploitee pour ses vertus productives, est en partie disqualifiee. La question de la motivation de l'image reste sans pertinence s'agissant de claude simon. Specificites de l'image simonienne : non-egnigmaticite, non-poeticite, legitimite phenomenologique. Comment l'image "fait voir". La modalisation entre comparaison et metaphore. La metaphore anaphorise la colparaison. La comparaison litteralise la metaphore. Comment l'image associe deux grandeurs du monde fictionnel ou au contraire emprunte un preconstruit a l'encyclopedie. L'image embrayeur d'intertexte. L'intertexte comme une hypotheque necessaire du recit. La question du "comme si" : essai de typologie. Dire l'essence ou dire l'apparence ? image et causalite. La litteralisation des images. Partie 3. Approche thematique de l'image et de l'imaginaire simonien. Les dominantes. Vers un noyau federateur : la corticalite (images de l'ecorce, de la carapace, de la coquille, de l'enceinte durcie, de la surface crouteuse). Analyses successives de l'importance du theme cortical dans la route des flandres, histoire et les georgiques. Comment la corticalite s'articule a la question des representations rigides. Partie 4. Lecture de l'acacia. Images de la guerre et de l'histoire. Les destinees parentales. La mere comme l'histoire accoucheuses et devoreuse. Le parcours figuratif du brigadier. Du bon usage des images. Les images endogenes prennent le pas sur les images exogenes (du mythe terrifiant a la parodie mythologique)
Part 1. Study of some elements of representation in simon's writing. How the text makes the reader "see" though reference is problematic. Metalepse and real effect. Objectivity and subjectivity of description. Part 2. Metaphor and comparison : a stylistic approach. Comparisons are more important, in a way, than metaphors. The issue of motivation. Specificity of simon's images. Images as internal links. Images and intertext. The issue of "comme si" : does hypothetical comparison tell the meaning or the appearance of things ? how images become real. Part 3. Image and imaginary : a thematic approach. Importance of "corticality", i. E. Images of bark, peel, crust, shell, dried skin, leather. . . Part 4. Reading the acacia. War and history. Parents' destiny. Images of the son. Sociolectal images vs idiolectal images
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Simmons, Stephanie Catherine. "Exploring Colonization and Ethnogenesis through an Analysis of the Flaked Glass Tools of the Lower Columbia Chinookans and Fur Traders." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560956.

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This thesis is an historical archaeological study of how Chinookan peoples at three villages and employees of the later multicultural Village at Fort Vancouver negotiated the processes of contact and colonization. Placed in the theoretical framework of practice theory, everyday ordinary activities are studied to understand how cultural identities are created, reinforced, and changed (Lightfoot et al. 1998; Martindale 2009; Voss 2008). Additionally uneven power relationships are examined, in this case between the colonizer and the colonized, which could lead to subjugation but also resistance (Silliman 2001). In order to investigate these issues, this thesis studies how the new foreign material of vessel glass was and was not used during the everyday practice of tool production.

Archaeological studies have found that vessel glass, which has physical properties similar to obsidian, was used to create a variety of tool forms by cultures worldwide (Conte and Romero 2008). Modified glass studies (Harrison 2003; Martindale and Jurakic 2006) have demonstrated that they can contribute important new insights into how cultures negotiated colonization. In this study, modified glass tools from three contact period Chinookan sites: Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village, and the later multiethnic Employee Village of Fort Vancouver were examined. Glass tool and debitage analysis based on lithic macroscopic analytical techniques was used to determine manufacturing techniques, tool types, and functions. Additionally, these data were compared to previous analyses of lithics and trade goods at the study sites.

This thesis demonstrates that Chinookans modified glass into tools, though there was variation in the degree to which glass was modified and the types of tools that were produced between sites. Some of these differences are probably related to availability, how glass was conceptualized by Native Peoples, or other unidentified causes. This study suggests that in some ways glass was just another raw material, similar to stone, that was used to create tools that mirrored the existing lithic technology. However at Cathlapotle at least, glass appears to have been relatively scarce and perhaps valued even as a status item. While at Middle Village, glass (as opposed to stone) was being used about a third of the time to produce tools.

Glass tool technology at Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village was very similar to the existing stone tool technology dominated by expedient/low energy tools; however, novel new bottle abraders do appear at Middle Village. This multifaceted response reflects how some traditional lifeways continued, while at the same time new materials and technology was recontextualized in ways that made sense to Chinookan peoples.

Glass tools increase at the Fort Vancouver Employee Village rather than decrease through time. This response appears to be a type of resistance to the HBC's economic hegemony and rigid social structure. Though it is impossible to know if such resistance was consciously acted on or was just part of everyday activities that made sense in the economic climate of the time.

Overall, this thesis demonstrates how a mundane object such as vessel glass, can provide a wealth of information about how groups like the Chinookans dealt with a changing world, and how the multiethnic community at Fort Vancouver dealt with the hegemony of the HBC. Chinookan peoples and the later inhabitants of the Fort Vancouver Employee Village responded to colonization in ways that made sense to their larger cultural system. These responses led to both continuity and change across time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Books on the topic "Flares History"

1

Clark, Stuart. The sun kings: The unexpected tragedy of Richard Carrington and the tale of how modern astronomy began. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.

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Clark, Stuart. The sun kings: The unexpected tragedy of Richard Carrington and the tale of how modern astronomy began. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.

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Fortune's flames. New York, NY: Kensington Pub. Corp., 1988.

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Koiva, Enn O. Flames of honor. Columbia, Conn., U.S.A. (Rte. 6, Columbia 06237): Cultural Models, 1987.

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Faulkner, Colleen. Flames of love. New York, NY: Kensington Pub. Corp., 1993.

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Calgary Flames. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 1996.

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Tom, Owens. Flames of freedom. Logan, Iowa: Perfection Learning, 2000.

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Peters, Ralph. Flames of heaven. London: Pocket Books, 1993.

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Bill, Cunningham. Flames in the wind. Kuttawa, KY: McClanahan Pub. House, 1997.

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Jacobson, Douglas W. Night of Flames. Chicago: McBooks Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flares History"

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Reames, Donald V. "A Turbulent History." In Solar Energetic Particles, 19–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_2.

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AbstractLarge solar energetic-particle (SEP) events are clearly associated in time with eruptive phenomena on the Sun, but how? When large SEP events were first observed, flares were the only visible candidate, and diffusion theory was stretched to explain how the particles could spread through space, as widely as observed. The observation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the wide, fast shock waves they can drive, provided better candidates later. Then small events were found with 1000-fold enhancements in 3He/4He that required a different kind of source—should we reconsider flares, or their open-field cousins, solar jets? The 3He-rich events were soon associated with the electron beams that produce type III radio bursts. It seems the radio astronomers knew of both SEP sources all along. Sometimes the distinction between the sources is blurred when shocks reaccelerate residual 3He-rich impulsive suprathermal ions. Eventually, however, we would even begin to measure the source-plasma temperature that helps to better distinguish the SEP sources.
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Švestka, Z., and E. W. Cliver. "History and basic characteristics of eruptive flares." In Lecture Notes in Physics, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55246-4_70.

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Reames, Donald V. "Distinguishing the Sources." In Solar Energetic Particles, 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_3.

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AbstractOur discussion of history has covered many of the observations that have led to the ideas of acceleration by shock waves or by magnetic reconnection in gradual and impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, respectively. We now present other compelling observations, including onset timing, SEP-shock correlations, injection time profiles, high-energy spectral knees, e/p ratios, and intensity dropouts caused by a compact source, that have helped clarify these acceleration mechanisms and sources. However, some of the newest evidence now comes from source-plasma temperatures. In this and the next two chapters, we will find that impulsive events come from solar active regions at ≈ 3 MK, controlling ionization states Q, hence A/Q, and, in most gradual events, shocks accelerate ambient coronal material from ≤1.6 MK. When SEPs are trapped on closed loops they supply the energy for flares. In addition to helping to define their own origin, SEPs also probe the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
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Trommer, Rafael M., and Carlos P. Bergmann. "History of Flame Spray (FS) Technique." In Flame Spray Technology, 7–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47162-3_2.

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Hou, Chunlin, Shimin Chang, Jian Lin, and Dajiang Song. "A Brief History of Perforator Flaps." In Surgical Atlas of Perforator Flaps, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9834-1_1.

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Erovic, Boban M., and Piero Lercher. "History of Microvascular Surgery." In Manual of Head and Neck Reconstruction Using Regional and Free Flaps, 3–7. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1172-7_1.

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Anderson, Duncan. "‘Its Flames Will Blaze’: The Battle for Fallujah, 7–13 November 2004." In A History of Modern Urban Operations, 321–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27088-9_11.

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Mitchell, James W. "The History and Future Trends of Non-Halogenated Flame Retarded Polymers." In Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook, 1–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118939239.ch1.

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Andrews, Bradford W. "Stone Tools in Mesoamerica: Flaked Stone Tools." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_9638-2.

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Andrews, Bradford W. "Stone Tools in Mesoamerica: Flaked Stone Tools." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 4038–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_9638.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flares History"

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Mattioli, Matteo, Michele Drago, Federico Quondamatteo, and Roberto Bruschi. "Load History for SSFU Under Multimodal Wave Spectra." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10803.

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This paper presents results from an ongoing development project which aims at increasing the knowledge for the estimation of extremes conditions and fatigue assessment of structural element (i.e. topside) of Ship Shaped Floating Units (SSFU) in a complex environment-load conditions. The method can be extended for the calculation of total bending moment to connections and hull-girder system. In some world geographical context, such as those of West Africa and Offshore Brazil, the environmental conditions are characterized by co-existence of waves and swells propagating in different directions. In these conditions load history for SSFU are strictly linked to comprehension knowledge of site specific environment. Loads pertain to various frequency ranges, for instance the long-period response of a morning, quasi-static response to swell, dynamic response to shore-crested sea and structural resonance of flexible components as flares etc. This paper aims at developing a new method for establishing load history at site in case of metocean climate including combination of several (up to 3 or 4) sea state components, such as those of main swell, secondary swell and wind sea. The method is applicable to both extreme conditions and fatigue assessment as results of a “combined-event approach”. The results are compared and discussed. They show that the use of different approaches, long and a short term analysis with deterministic and probabilistic computation of vessel heading, provide a reasonably conservative estimate of the vessel responses. Differences from the conventional method, i.e. unimodal spectrum and equivalent sea state, are also presented.
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Turner, Ken, and Kevin Polito. "Nickel Flakes: Past, Present and Future." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0405.

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Abstract Pure nickel lidded TO style packages are a common packaging type for active microelectronics with application in various fields including commercial, aerospace and defense. This paper will focus on the history of nickel flakes in the industry, current trends and failure analysis findings, and future considerations for this potential failure mechanism. In 2004 Hi-Rel Laboratories became involved in an important nickel flake study which led to further inspections to document and evaluate nickel flakes in TO style lids from various customers and manufacturers. Through 2015 these inspections also assisted manufacturers to evaluate the effectiveness of their lid preparation and various cleaning methods for this package style, resulting in a substantial reduction in total number of nickel flakes greater than the specified critical dimension. In 2019 investigations were rekindled after the discovery of a suspected nickel flake-induced failure in transistors from a manufacturer not involved in prior analyses. As part of the investigation, which included nickel flake inspection of 38 total transistors from 1992, 2010, 2011 and 2017 lot date codes, the components were subjected to various environmental conditions including vibration, mechanical shock, mild thermal cycling, ionized airflow and degaussing. It was discovered that degaussing alone greatly affected the adhesion of the nickel flakes to the internal surfaces, causing the majority of the flakes to break free. The methodology, findings and implications of this analysis will be discussed.
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Ergut, A., and Y. Levendis. "An Investigation on Thermocouple-Based Temperature Measurements in Sooting Flames." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82332.

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Temperature is an important parameter in flame chemical structure calculations. However, accurate temperature measurements are challenging to obtain. This manuscript reports on temperature measurements in sooting ethyl-benzene flames. Measurements were conducted with an array of four decreasing size thermocouples. However, to minimize disturbance of the flame by the insertion of the insulated multi-thermocouple array, the four thermocouples were also inserted bare one at a time, and results were contrasted. In both cases, radiative heat transfer was accounted for by using the well-known Nichols method [1]. This method was somewhat modified, as the extrapolation to zero thermocouple bead size was done using third-order polynomials. Furthermore, as soot accumulates on the thermocouple beads, upon their insertion in sooting flames, the obtained signals were scrutinized to determine the point in their time-history that is appropriate for this analysis. The zero time extrapolation technique, as suggested by McEnally et al. [2], was used to correct for soot accumulation at the tip of the thermocouples. Other methods were also explored, where theoretical expressions were used with corrections applied for the radiative heat losses from the thermocouples either prior or after the accumulation of soot on the thermocouple bead. Results showed that higher temperatures were recorded when single bare thermocouples were inserted into the flame as compared to inserting four thermocouples together. The difference was attributed to the disturbance of the flow-and temperature-fields in the flame, especially by the ceramic sheath that holds thermocouples together, and the thermal interaction of the thermocouples when they were inserted into the flame simultaneously. Results also showed that a combination of modified Nichols’ method with McEnallys’ corrections for sooting flames is a preferred technique as it nearly eliminates assumptions. Resulting temperature values are supported by theoretical calculations with judicious assumptions on important parameters.
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De Bruycker, Evy, Séverine De Vroey, Xavier Hallet, Jacqueline Stubbe, and Steve Nardone. "Root Cause Analysis of the Unexpected Behaviour of a Flaked Material Under Irradiation and Transferability to the Doel 3/Tihange 2 Reactor Pressure Vessels." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63882.

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During the 2012 outage at Doel 3 (D3) and Tihange 2 (T2) Nuclear Power Plants (NPP), a large number of nearly-laminar indications were detected mainly in the lower and upper core shells. The D3/T2 shells are made from solid casts that were pierced and forged. Restart authorization in 2013 was accompanied by a number of “mid-term” requirements, to be completed during the first operating cycle after the restart. One of these requirements was the mechanical testing of irradiated specimens containing hydrogen flakes. These tests showed unexpected results regarding the shift in the Reference Temperature for Nil Ductility Transition (RTNDT) of the flaked material VB395 (Steam Generator shell rejected because of flakes) after irradiation. This paper presents the root cause analysis of this unexpected behaviour and its transferability (or not) to the D3/T2 Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs). A mechanistic and a manufacturing based approach were used, aiming at identifying the microstructural mechanisms responsible for the atypical embrittlement of VB395 and evaluating the plausibility of these mechanisms in the D3/T2 RPVs. This work was based on expert’s opinions, literature data and test results. Both flaked and unflaked samples have been investigated in irradiated and non-irradiated condition. All hydrogen-related mechanisms were excluded as root cause of the unexpected behaviour of VB395. Two possible mechanisms at the basis of the atypical embrittlement of VB395 were identified, but are still open to discussion. These mechanisms could be linked to the specific manufacturing history of the rejected VB395 shell. Since the larger than predicted shift in transition temperature after irradiation of VB395 is not linked with the hydrogen flaking and since none of the specific manufacturing history features that are possible root causes are reported for the D3/T2 RPVs, the D3/T2 shells should not show the unexpected behaviour observed in VB395.
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Bezensek, Bostjan, John Sharples, Isabel Hadley, and Henryk Pisarski. "The History of BS 7910 Flaw Interaction Criteria." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57857.

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Assessment of flaws and flaw-like indications in engineering components is commonly performed using fitness for service procedures such as the BS 7910 to demonstrate margins for continued operation or to find a limiting state. An individual or multiple flaw indications may be found in a component as a result of fabrication or degradation during operation. Most fitness for service codes provide guidance for assessment of multiple flaws. This consists of simplifying the actual indications into flaws more amenable to analysis using engineering criteria. The subject of this paper is the flaw interaction criteria used by the BS 7910 procedure. The criteria have been refined several times since the 1980 version of the BS 7910 predecessor document PD 6493. This paper will summarise the changes and provide plausible explanations to the changes supported by the experimental data and numerical analysis. A proposed way forward for the 2012 edition of BS 7910 flaw interaction and characterisation will conclude the paper.
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Geng, Jihui, and J. Kelly Thomas. "Blast Load Inside Enclosure due to Flame Acceleration." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45329.

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Enclosed chemical processes, laboratory facilities, boilers and reformer furnaces are typical examples of facilities and equipment where an internal VCE may be postulated to occur. The applied blast load history on the enclosure surfaces is required in order to assess the response of the enclosure to the postulated VCE. The internal blast pressure history and associated applied blast loads depend on a number of factors, such as: (1) the maximum flame speed attained in a flammable cloud, (2) the ratio of the cloud volume to the total enclosure volume, (3) the cloud location within the enclosure, and (4) the environment temperature. The purpose of work described in this paper was to investigate the dependence of internal blast pressure history and applied blast loads on the aforementioned factors. It was found that the applied loads on the enclosure surfaces can be roughly classified into two regimes: quasi-static and dynamic, depending on the combination of these factors. It can be important to identify the appropriate blast loading regime in order to properly analyze the structural response of the enclosure.
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Hadley, Isabel. "BS 7910: History and Future Developments." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78057.

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BS 7910, the UK procedure for the assessment of flaws in metallic structures, was first published almost 30 years ago in the form of a fracture/fatigue assessment procedure, PD6493. It provided the basis for analysing fabrication flaws and the need for repair in a rational fashion, rather than relying on long-established (and essentially arbitrary) workmanship rules. The UK offshore industry in particular embraced this new approach to flaw assessment, which is now widely recognised by safety authorities and specifically referred to in certain design codes, including codes for pressure equipment. Since its first publication in 1980, PD6493/BS 7910 has been regularly maintained and expanded, taking in elements of other publications such as the UK power industry’s fracture assessment procedure R6 (in particular the Failure Assessment Diagram approach), the creep assessment procedure PD6539 and the gas transmission industry’s approach to assessment of locally thinned areas in pipelines. The FITNET European thematic network, run between 2002 and 2006, has further advanced the state of the art, bringing in assessment methods from SINTAP (an earlier European research project), R6, R5 and elsewhere. In particular, the FITNET fracture assessment methods represent considerable advances over the current BS 7910 methods; for example, weld strength mismatch can be explicitly analysed by using FITNET Option 2, and crack tip constraint through Option 5. Corrosion assessment methods in FITNET are also more versatile than those of BS 7910, and now include methods for vessels and elbows as well as for pipelines. In view of these recent advances, the BS 7910 committee has decided to incorporate many elements of the FITNET procedure into the next edition of BS 7910, to be published c2012. This paper summarises the history of the development of BS 7910, its relationship with other flaw assessment procedures (in particular FITNET and R6) and its future.
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Vitanova, Emiliya. "THE OLYMPIC FLAME THROUGH BULGARIA – 1936." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/142.

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ABSTRACT The topic of this report is related to introducing information about the Olympic flame’s passing through Bulgaria in 1936. Our country takes a significant place in the development of the international Olympic movement. Since it participated in the first modern Olympic Games, our country has persisted in establishing the Olympic values in society through the gymnastics movement, the Bulgarian Olympic Committee activities, and other prominent sports people’s activities. An important feature related to Bulgarian sport’s involvement in the Olympic idea and the Olympic movement was our active participation in organizing the first carrying of the Olympic flame. This study aims to reveal new information on the topic. The research encompasses several major areas for collecting information – foreign literary sources research (13 sources); a survey of all publications by Bulgarian researchers-historians in the field of sport and the Olympic movement in Bulgaria (11 sources); a review of all preserved Bulgarian periodicals since 1936 (74 articles found), review of the „Olympia Zeitung“since 1936 (8 articles found) and review of Greek newspapers since 1936 (4 articles found). Methodologically, all the information found in scientific or popular publications was systematized by using content analysis, comparative analysis, and critical analysis. The keywords used to search for information on the topic were: Olympic Flame, Olympic Flame Torch, Olympic Games 1936, and Olympic symbols. For the aim of the research we used data retrieved from Journal of Olympic History, Journal of the History of Sport, International Olympic Academy, Olympic Review, www.academia.edu, as well as books and publications pre-served in the historical archive of National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, the Central National Archive, the Regional archives, and the regional history museums in the towns where the Olympic flame went through. In the unfavorable material and economic conditions in the 1930s our country created an excellent organization and turned this event into one of the most important social-cultural phenomena, which influenced the new perception about the role and significance of the Olympic Games and amateur sport.
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Chynoweth, Brandon C., Christoph Hader, Armani Batista, Thomas J. Juliano, Joseph Kuehl, Bradley M. Wheaton, Hermann F. Fasel, and Steven P. Schneider. "A history and progress of second mode dominated boundary-layer transition on a Mach 6 flared cone." In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0060.

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Waterland, A. Fitzgerald. "Gasket Design and Assembly for Large Diameter Glass Lined Vessel Flanges." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78600.

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Large glass lined vessel flanges pose unique sealing challenges that in many cases require non-conventional gasket designs and flange assembly procedures in order to provide high gasket tightness, and overall long term flanged connection reliability. Recent experiences with a large glass lined process vessel with a history of poor sealing performance are detailed in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Flares History"

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Moment, R. L., F. E. Gibbs, and C. J. Freiboth. History of Uranium-233(sup233U)Processing at the Rocky Flats Plant. In support of the RFETS Acceptable Knowledge Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769018.

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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Cape MacDonnel, Northwest Territories, NTS 96-I. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330074.

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Preliminary surficial geology, based on airphoto interpretation of the Cape MacDonnel map area, records three glacial and landform terrains. First, ridged, hummocky tills dominate Big Spruce and Scented Grass hills between 300 and 650 m elevation. Second, undifferentiated till covers the lower flanks of Scented Grass and Big Spruce hills, also extending northeastward of the latter, where streamlined till occurs. Third, glaciolacustrine sediments are confined to some lowlands below 200 to 250 m, where they discontinuously cover various till units along the shores of Great Bear Lake. Variable ice flow and local stagnation characterizes glacial history. In northern regions, ice flowed southwestward and then veered northwestward, with evidence of local ice streaming. In east-central regions, flow was generally westward. In the southwest, flow was northwestward. Retreating and stagnating remnant ice deposited ridged and hummocky moraine, which may also coincide with cold-based ice. Glacial Lake McConnell inundated lowlands to at least 250 m a.s.l. in the east, and to 210 m in the west.
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Cordeiro de Amorim, Renato. A survey on feature weighting based K-Means algorithms. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ser.v1i2.79.

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In a real-world data set there is always the possibility, rather high in our opinion, that different features may have different degrees of relevance. Most machine learning algorithms deal with this fact by either selecting or deselecting features in the data preprocessing phase. However, we maintain that even among relevant features there may be different degrees of relevance, and this should be taken into account during the clustering process. With over 50 years of history, K-Means is arguably the most popular partitional clustering algorithm there is. The first K-Means based clustering algorithm to compute feature weights was designed just over 30 years ago. Various such algorithms have been designed since but there has not been, to our knowledge, a survey integrating empirical evidence of cluster recovery ability, common flaws, and possible directions for future research. This paper elaborates on the concept of feature weighting and addresses these issues by critically analysing some of the most popular, or innovative, feature weighting mechanisms based in K-Means
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Goldman, Mindy, and Debasish Tripathy. Phase I/II Pilot Study to Assess Toxicity and Efficacy of Chinese Herbs to Treat Hot Flashes and Menopausal Symptoms for Women With a History of Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada439324.

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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.

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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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