To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Flange.
Journal articles on the topic 'Flange'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Flange.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gjengedal, Ragnar, Ørjan Fyllingen, and Henrik Sture. "Integrity Evaluation of Steel Flanges Joined with Metallic Gaskets." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 2187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.2187.
Full textAbstract:
System integrity of a flanged connection requires that no leakages occur. Metallic flanges and their joining is of great importance when it comes to avoiding leakages from hydrocarbon lines. The American standard ASTM A182 demands that flanges must be forged to shape, thereby excluding other manufacturing methods. Mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel bars have been examined by doing tensile and charpy tests. A finite element model of a typical ASME-flange assembly was made and was used to calculate stress levels in the flange. The measured mechanical properties of the bar, showed that it is suitable for flange use.
2
Whatham, J. F. "Pipe Bend Analysis by Thin Shell Theory." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171707.
Full textAbstract:
Thin shell theory is applied to pipe bends terminated by flanges or flange-ended tangent pipes and subjected to any end loading, either in-plane or out-of-plane. Graphs of flexibility factor versus pipe bend characteristic are presented for in-plane bending of a wide range of pipe elbows terminated by flanges or short flange-ended tangents. Experimental results verify the thin shell solutions for in-plane and out-of-plane bending of a flanged pipe elbow. The capabilities of a computer program BENDPAC are also described.
3
Sinke, J. "Spring Back of Curved Flanges of Rubber Formed Aluminum Parts." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1851.
Full textAbstract:
Rubber forming is a common process for the fabrication of flanged metallic parts in the aerospace industry. The process enables cheap tooling, which is important since the product series are limited. In the process a rigid and a soft tool are combined to form a metal blank into the required shape. Most components made in this way are “flanged parts”, i.e. parts with a rather flat web plate and curved flanges at the periphery of the web plate. For flanged parts the determination of spring back of the flanges, straight or curved, is important, since the forming dies compensated with the spring back, will result in accurate products. Like all metal forming processes elastic and plastic deformations are combined in the same process cycle. The elastic deformations result in spring back and residual stresses, the ratio between these two depends on the shape of the product and the distribution of the plastic and elastic deformations. In this research aluminum alloys were used. The low Young’s modulus of these alloys results in rather high elastic responses upon deformation. Other aspects that have been evaluated are the effect of processing parameters like friction and distribution of strains. For stretch flanges the strain is distributed evenly along the flange, but not for shrink flanges, where buckling plays a role. Experimental research shows that the spring back of the flanges depend on a number of variables like the thickness, flange geometry, and material parameters. The spring back of a flange is also a mixture of different contributions: spring back due to the bending over the bend line, spring back due to the curvature of the flange, and spring back due to in-plane deformations. The research performed focused on the different components of the spring back and their interaction. Analysis of the data resulted in a new parameter by which a number of variables could be captured. This improves the understanding of the spring back phenomena and is a generalization of the results.
4
Abbas, Rafaa M., and Wesal A. Fadala. "Behavioral Investigation of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams with Distributed Reinforcement in the Tension Flange." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803010.
Full textAbstract:
Current design codes and specifications allow for part of the bonded flexure tension reinforcement to be distributed over an effective flange width when the T-beams' flanges are in tension. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the reinforced concrete flanged section's flexural behavior when reinforcement in the tension flange is laterally distributed. To achieve the goals of the study, numerical analysis using the finite element method was conducted on discretized flanged beam models validated via experimentally tested T-beam specimen. Parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of different parameters on the T-beams flexural behavior. The study revealed that a significant reduction in the beam flexural strength with increasing deflection is encountered as a sizable percentage of reinforcement is distributed over the wider flange width. The study recommended that not more than 33% of the tension reinforcement may be distributed over an effective flange width not wider than ℓn/10. This result confirms and agrees well the ACI 318 limit on the effective width to be less than ℓn/10.
5
Bondarenko, Oleg, and Anatoliy Dziuba. "Sealing of Pipelines Flange Connections in Conditions of Fasteners Tightening Torque Reducing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 630 (September 2014): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.630.283.
Full textAbstract:
Flanged connections are widely used in pipelines of various technical systems. Task of reducing the consumption of materials pipelines , ensuring their long-term tightness is highly relevant for shipbuilding , aviation and space technology and other mashinebuilding. In this paper, the task of deliberately reducing torque fasteners flange connection at build pipelines to ensure the initial tightness of the connection , reducing the weight of the pipeline , the alignment of the stress- strain state of the compound and determining the residual torque fasteners, providing connections for leaks. With decreasing torque fasteners ( intentional or natural ) will be sealed flanged if the remaining torque is sufficient to compensate for the pressure in the pipeline and prevent shear movement of the flange and gasket relative to each other . Found that the flange connection remains sealed with natural and deliberate reduction torque fasteners to 75-80 % compared to the initial .Sealing flange connections using technology and standard fastenings to reduce their weight by 10-50 %, and the replacement of flanges and pipe material - a whole lot of pipelines at 30-65 %.
6
Steau, Edward, Poologanathan Keerthan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Web crippling study of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 7 (October 20, 2016): 1059–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216670172.
Full textAbstract:
Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. A new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. This flexible fastening process allows rectangular hollow flange channel beams to have greater section optimisation, by configuring web and flange widths and thicknesses. In the industrial applications of rectangular hollow flange channel beams as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports under two-flange load cases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams based on the new American Iron and Steel Institute S909 standard test method. The web crippling capacities were compared with the predictions from the design equations in Australia/New Zealand Standard 4600 and American Iron and Steel Institute S100 to determine their accuracy in predicting the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams. Test results showed that these design equations are considerably conservative for the end two-flange load case while being unconservative for the interior two-flange load case. New equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports. Test results showed that web crippling capacities increased by 78% and 65% on average for the end two-flange and interior two-flange load cases when flanges were fastened to supports. This article presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rectangular hollow flange channel beam sections and the results.
7
Yao, Na Na, Wen Fang Zhang, and Jian Wei Wei. "The Flange Effect of Brick Masonry Wall Subjected to Seismic Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1444.
Full textAbstract:
This paper researces the effect of flange width on anti-seismic performance of flanged brick masonry walls. Four T-shaped cross section unreinforced brick masonry walls with different flange width and one rectangular shaped cross section brick masonry wall are studied and analyzed by ABAQUS finite element method.Analyze and compare the force-displacement curves of flanged brick masonry wall under the composed of vertical and lateral load.The results indicate that the flange width has a significant effect on the shear bearing capacity and ductility. The shear bearing capacity and ductility factor of T-shaped cross section brick masonry walls with 1.6m flange width are respectively 20% and 50% higher than the no flange wall .The flange effect is obvious when the flange width is not more than 1.6m, the value of shear bearing capacity and ductility are higher when the flange width become longer.
8
He, Chang, Qiang Xie, and Yong Zhou. "Influence of Flange on Seismic Performance of 1,100-kV Ultra-High Voltage Transformer Bushing." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/122517eqs266m.
Full textAbstract:
Failures of the metal flange were observed in transformer bushings in previous earthquakes. In order to evaluate the influence of the flange on the seismic responses of 1,100-kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) bushing, two types of flanges were selected, which used different materials and layouts. The finite element (FE) and theoretical analyses were first carried out. The results indicate that there is an out-of-plane rocking effect at the flange bottom plate, and the flange will be damaged if the stiffeners are improperly designed. Then two identical bushings using different flanges were tested on the shaking table. The bottom plate of the cast aluminum flange cracked along the stiffeners accompanied by oil leakage. However, the UHV bushing with stainless steel flange survived in the test. It is concluded that the properly designed flange could improve seismic performance of UHV transformer bushings.
9
Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "An Analytical Solution for Evaluating Gasket Stress Change in Bolted Flange Connections Subjected to High Temperature Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042480.
Full textAbstract:
The tightness of bolted flanged joints subjected to elevated temperature is not properly addressed by flange design codes. The development of an analytical method based on the flexibility of the different joint components and their elastic interaction could serve as a powerful tool for elevated temperature flange designs. This paper addresses the effect of the internal fluid operating temperature on the variation of the bolt load and consequently on the gasket stress in bolted joints. The theoretical analysis used to predict the gasket load variation as a result of unequal radial and axial thermal expansion of the joint elements is outlined. It details the analytical basis of the elastic interaction model and the thermally induced deflections that are used to evaluate the load changes. Two flange joint type configurations are treated: a joint with identical pair of flanges and a joint with a cover plate. The analytical models are validated and verified by comparison to finite element results.
10
Ellison, Kevin, Spencer G. Sealy, and Hope R. McGaha. "Color Variation Among Nestling Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater) Does Not Reflect Differential Success With Hosts in Texas." Auk 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.526.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract As brood parasites, nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) may exhibit characters that improve their fledging success when reared alongside host young. The coloration of mouthparts of nestlings can influence adult care and, thus, the polymorphism of yellow or white rictal flanges among nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds may reflect differential success with different hosts on the basis of flange color. Moreover, because Brown-headed Cowbirds in the southern United States co-occur with Bronzed Cowbirds (M. aeneus), whose young have white flanges, cowbird nestlings' flange colors may reflect a means for reducing interspecific competition through partitioning of host species on the basis of nestling flange color. To determine whether flange color influences cowbird fledging success with hosts of either color, we recorded the flange colors of cowbirds and their hosts at a site in Texas. We also tested whether flange color was influenced by nestling sex. Most hosts of Brown-headed Cowbirds had young with yellow flanges (81%, n = 16 spp.), yet Brown-headed Cowbirds with white flanges were more common (61%, n = 107). Bronzed Cowbirds parasitized primarily species whose young had white flanges (86%, n = 348 eggs). Despite the differential use of hosts with regard to flange color, the frequencies of each were similar among nestling and juvenile Brown-headed Cowbirds. Likewise, the frequencies of each color did not differ significantly between the sexes. Therefore, we suggest that a flange color matching that of nestmates is not strongly selected for by hosts. La Variación del Color entre Polluelos de Molothrus ater no Refleja Éxito Diferencial al Ser Criados por Especies Hospederas en Texas
11
Powell, N. N., and C. Andrew. "Incremental Forming of Flanged Sheet Metal Components Without Dedicated Dies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 206, no. 1 (February 1992): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_054_02.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes research that has investigated a process for forming flanged sheet metal parts without dedicated tooling by repeated localized deformation—an incremental process. The complete formation of a shrink flange over a former by a grooved roller, moving around the flange in a series of passes, is analysed by the finite element method and reasonable agreement with experimental results shown. Some evidence is presented that the use of a grooved roller can extend the forming limits of a conventional single die pressing operation. The predicted reaction distribution at the fixed edge of a variety of flanges during their incremental formation by different rollers is then examined. It is shown that the most significant reactions are limited to the vicinity of the current position of the roller. This result leads to a proposal that the form tool might be replaced by non-dedicated tooling, to support the component web only in the region near to the roller. This proposal is tested experimentally and the principle of a dieless flange-forming process is successfully demonstrated. Such a process may be of benefit to any industry that produces a variety of flanged parts in small batches, for example airframe manufacture. Further research is proposed to develop a prototype machine based on the principle outlined here.
12
Sun, Zhen Guo, Bo Qin Gu, and Xing Lu Huang. "Fuzzy Reliability Optimization Design Method of Flange Based on the Tightness of Bolted Flanged Connections." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.501.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the time-correlated leakage model and fuzzy random probability theory, a formula for calculating fuzzy random reliability of sealing performance of bolted flanged connections was derived. The optimization variables were defined according to the sensitivity analysis of design parameters on fuzzy reliability of sealing performance. A fuzzy reliability optimization design method of flange was investigated, in which both the tightness of bolted flanged connections and the strength of flange were taken into consideration. As an example, an integral welding necked pipe flange was designed according to the optimization design method proposed in this paper. The designed flange not only satisfies the requirements of flange strength and sealing reliability of connections, but also its weight is reduced by 16% compared with that prescribed in the standard.
13
Hakimian, Soroosh, Lucas Hof, and Hakim A. Bouzid. "Investigation of Corrosion in Bolted Flanged Joints Using a Novel Experimental Setup." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 16 (July 7, 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0116990mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
The second most common cause of hydrocarbon leakage is corrosion in offshore platforms. In seawater and hydrocarbon services, bolted flange joints can be susceptible to corrosion on the flange face. Flanges connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment to form a piping system. In flanged joints, two flanges are bolted together with a gasket between them to provide a seal. The current research considers corrosion in bolted flanged gasketed joints and proposes a new approach to quantify corrosion at the gasket and flange interface. According to the literature, both crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion widely occur in bolted flanged gasketed connections, which create paths to leakage of the pressurized fluid. Leakage failure in bolted flanged gasketed joints can cause hazards to the environment and human safety. Corrosion in bolted gasketed joints was investigated in other papers and reports. Still, these studies did not consider the influence of the operating conditions. Fluid flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, temperature, and gasket contact pressure are some parameters to consider. To achieve this goal, a novel experimental setup - mimicking an industry-standard NPS 2 bolted flange connection - is introduced to examine the corrosion behavior of the contact surface between the flange and gasket. The setup enables monitoring and recording of the corrosion parameters under the influence of service conditions (gasket contact pressure, pH, salinity, temperature, fluid flow, and fluid pressure) during the corrosion tests. In a second step, the influence of the service conditions on corrosion will be studied. Two levels of temperature (25 o C and 85 o C), gasket contact pressure (4 MPa and 35 MPa), and flow rate (1.4 cm. s-1 and 4.5 cm. s-1) are considered in the study. The flange material selected in this study is stainless steel 304/304L since it has a wide application in the industry. Flexible graphite materials, commonly used due to their chemical resistance, high-temperature capability, low cost, and good sealing properties, are used in the corrosion tests. Two direct current electrochemical test techniques, polarization resistance (Rp) and potentiodynamic anodic polarization, are carried out, according to ASTM G5, to measure the corrosion rate in addition to other quantification methods based on visual observations and mass loss. These tests are conducted using the novel designed setup that consists of a working electrode (flange material), a reference electrode (Ag/AgCl), and an auxiliary electrode (a stainless-steel rod). The synthetic seawater solution recommended in ASTM D1141 is used for the corrosion tests. In a final step, the corroded surfaces of the specimens are examined via some of the following available techniques; confocal laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDS/EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. Confocal microscopy is used to visualize the morphology of the damaged zones on the surface, and localize and quantify the crevices volume caused by corrosion, respectively. SEM and XRD analysis can reveal the scale morphology and phases present on the corroded plate surfaces. Comparing the results of the electrochemical tests and the microscopic studies will identify the influence of operating factors on the corrosion at the gasket-flange interface. Preliminary tests were performed to check the applicability of the novel setup for studying corrosion behaviour between gaskets and flanges and solve initial setup problems to get reproducible results. In the current research, the corrosion behaviour is studied under dynamic conditions. The majority of other works consider only the static condition, so it is important to run some preliminary tests to shakedown the rig and fixture and resolve unanticipated issues. First attempts failed due to noisy polarization curves that could not be used for corrosion analysis. After several experiments on small samples, it was decided to use filter paper immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution as a salt bridge to reduce the distance between the reference and working electrodes in the setup. This resulted in smooth polarization curves useful for further corrosion analysis (Fig. 1). The novel designed bolted flange joint setup allows corrosion monitoring and characterization under dynamic operating conditions for the first time. Figure 1
14
Liu, Dongchen, Junli Wang, and Yan Zhang. "Realization of Parameterized Serialization Design of Flanges in Chemical Equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2218, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2218/1/012075.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Flanges are important parts in the fields of machinery, chemicals, wind power, and sewage treatment. They are used in large quantities and have formed a series of products at present. In the paper, the secondary development of AutoCAD was adopted to parameterized series design, and 960 parts from 4 series flange (plate flat welding flange, neck flat welding flange, neck butt welding flange, socket welding flange) were drawn. The efficiency of part design has been significantly improved.
15
Qin, Li, Yuan Miao, and Ya Nan Luo. "The Feasibility Study for New-Type Forging Flange of in Steel Tower." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1625.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a new-type forging flange used in steel transmission towers, that is to forge a same flange and same bolts in large a forging flange, in order to increase the strength and rigidity. This paper seted up finite element models of inner forging flange and outer forging flange. At the same time the article established finite element models of the new-type forging flange and new-type rigid flange used in engineering.The comparative analysis of the results shows that, the new-type forging flanges greatly improved the strength and rigidity of the joints because of the reasonable stress distribution and constraints of deformation.
16
URSE, GEORGETA, ION DURBACĂ, and IOLANDA CONSTANŢA PANAIT. "Some research results on the tightness and strength of flange joints." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2018): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2018.3.2.107.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents recently published literature research on the tightness and strength of flange joints. These could influence both the calculation and the maintenance of flange joints. Some of the research results have been compared to normative stipulations currently used in the calculation of flange joints. The presentation covers: – the influence of sealing gasket design and screw load on sealing; – the influence of creep on screw relaxation, and thereby on gasket sealing; – cracking in flange joints; – the influence of an additional axial force of flange joints on the rotation and on the deformation of flange joint components; – flanges without sealing gasket; – the influence of the method of flange joint bolt tightening on the uniformity of bolts loading and tightness.
17
Wang, He Hui, Ya Juan Feng, Wen Min Zhu, and Zhi Ming Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Bolted Flanged Joints Subjected to External Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.324.
Full textAbstract:
Since external loads affect the sealing performance of bolted flanged joints, this paper calculated external loads of bolted flanged joints by using CAESAR II software and evaluated the effects of external loads on the sealing performance from the viewpoint of changes in contact gasket stress and flange rotation by using ANSYS software. The FE results showed that the contact gasket stress decreases a lot at the tension side and increases a little at the compression side. The paper also evaluated the stress distribution in bolted flanged joints subjected to external loads. The results suggested that the flange rotation and the overall stress increased compared with that of flange without external loads. External loads can induce unexpected leakage and strength failure of the bolted flanged joints during operation.
18
Sunley, Sergio, Koichi Kusunoki, Taiki Saito, and Carlos Zavala. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0296.
Full textAbstract:
Design codes prescribe equations for the ultimate state design of RC walls with flange walls as boundary elements. These codes consider part of the length of the flange wall as a width that will effectively resist lateral loads. However, wall damage and the accuracy of the effective width used in the calculations have not been sufficiently discussed. Therefore, a loading test is carried out at Yokohama National University on two 1/3 scale specimens in order to evaluate the strength, damage, energy dissipation, and behavior of RC structural walls in flexure. One specimen without flange walls and one with flange walls are tested. The strength and response of each specimen are described, and the prediction accuracy of the design flexural strengths given by design codes ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ are examined. Experimental strain data are used to describe the behavior of the flange wall in order to understand the mechanism and to confirm the accuracy of the effective width prescribed by the design codes in terms of tension and compression. The result of the experimental study reveals that design prescriptions given by ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ guidelines can conservatively estimate the flexural strength for RC walls without flanges, but they underestimate the flexural strength for flanged walls. This underestimation is due to a lack of knowledge of the mechanism that develops at the flange. It is not possible to determine a specific value for flexural effective width. However, according to the results of calculations, a portion larger than the width proposed by the aforementioned design codes serves to resist the stresses imposed by lateral loads. Therefore, it is confirmed that the flange width is underestimated by the design codes, and it increases with the imposed drift level. The stress distribution at the flange in the out-of-plane direction is found not to be uniform, a fact that is at odds with design assumptions.
19
Noda, Nao-Aki, Masato Nagawa, Fumitaka Shiraishi, and Akifumi Inoue. "Sealing Performance of New Gasketless Flange." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1464876.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with a new seal system between two flanges without using gaskets. The system includes a groove and an annular lip that is held by one of the flange with its highest point in contact with the other flange to form a seal line when the flanges are assembled. The condition whether the system leaks or not depends on the shape and dimension of the annular lip and its deformation during the contact. In this study, several gasketless flanges are prepared with different lip dimensions to investigate the contact and sealing condition through an experimental and FEM analyses. The analyses indicate that the conditions can be expressed in terms of the maximum contact stress and the plastic zone size when the flanges are assembled. The helium leak testing reveals that the gasketless flange has better sealing performance compared to conventional gaskets.
20
Alghamdi, Abdulmalik A., and Muhsen S. Al-Sannaa. "Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for Large Diameter Steel Flanges." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767174.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents numerical results obtained using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in studying large diameter welded neck steel flanges under different loading conditions. Obtained FEA results show the effect of the clamping pressure, internal pressure, axial end load, temperature effect, gasket elasticity modulus on the contact pressure between the gasket and the steel flange. As expected clamping pressure is a determinate factor for the sealing condition. Gasket material is another primary factor in designing flanged joints.
21
Hyde, T. H., and B. J. Marsden. "Stresses in swivel ring flanges due to pressure loading." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v214225.
Full textAbstract:
Finite element and photoelastic methods of stress analysis have been used to study the effects of pressure loading on the behaviour of swivel ring flanges. The use of recesses on the back faces of flanges, to control the load position, were investigated. The effect of the friction conditions between the flange and ring were also considered. It was found that the inclusion of a recess can significantly reduce the highest stresses, which occur in the flange/hub fillet radius. The friction conditions between the flange and ring were also found to have a significant effect on the stresses.
22
Aljuboury, Muhsin, Md Jahir Rizvi, Stephen Grove, and Richard Cullen. "Bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints for pipelines: A review of current practice and future challenges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 8 (April 4, 2018): 1698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718766563.
Full textAbstract:
Metallic bolted flanges and pipes have both been increasingly replaced by fibre-reinforced polymer materials in many applications which deal with extreme harsh environments such as oil, chemical, marine, etc. This is not only due to the fibre-reinforced polymer material’s resistance to the chemical reaction but also due to their inherent mechanical properties of high strength to weight ratio. However, very little research has been published regarding bolted flange joints made of fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Also, the availability of standards and relevant design codes are very limited for bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. Hence, the design guidelines, dimensional considerations and selection of fabrication methods for the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints have yet to be optimized fully. For instance, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section X and ASME PCC-1-2013 appendix O or other similar standards do not include specific rules for the design of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. As a result, it is difficult to understand the consequences on the reliability of fibre-reinforced polymer flanges made with parametric variations and dimensional alterations. This has led the authors to carry out research to maximise the performance of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints through a series of experimenters and numerical simulations. The present article will focus on the available techniques to manufacture the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flanges along with the associated issues and possible challenges compared to metallic flanges.
23
Moga, Cătălin, Crina Fenesan, and Mircea Suciu. "Shear Lag and Local Buckling Interaction in Orthotropic Deck of Steel Bridges." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2021-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The term of shear lag is related to the discrepancies between the approximate theory of the bending of beams and their real behaviour, and it refers to the increases of the bending stresses near the flange-to-web junctions, and the corresponding decreases in the flange stresses away from these junctions. In the case of wide flanges of plated structures, shear lag caused by shear strains, which are neglected in the conventional theory, may be taken into account by a reduced flange width concentrated along the webs of the steel girders. The effects of the shear lag, plate buckling and interaction of both effects should be taken into account at the ultimate, serviceability or fatigue limit states in the design of structures with wide flanges. In EN 1993-1-5, the concept of taking shear lag into account is based on the effectives width of the flange which is defined in order to have the same total normal force in the gross flange subjected to the real transverse stress distribution as the effective flange subjected to a uniform stress. Some aspects concerning the shear lag phenomenon and a design example of effectives width calculation and the shear lag effects for a steel pedestrian bridge deck are presented in this paper.
24
Joo, B. D., M. K. Choi, C. J. Van Tyne, and Y. H. Moon. "Process design and experimental verification of hydroforming for flanged tubular part." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 225, no. 11 (September 12, 2011): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405411403841.
Full textAbstract:
Tube hydroforming is a technology that utilizes hydraulic pressure to form a tube into desired shapes inside die cavities. It is widely used in the automotive industry because of its various advantages, such as weight reduction, increased strength, improved quality, and reduced tooling cost. Hydroformed automotive parts used as structural components in the vehicle body frame or the subframe must often be structurally joined at certain locations, and it is useful if these parts can be manufactured with a localized attachment flange. This study proposes a flange hydroforming process, which consists of pre-bulging, flange forming, and conform shaping. The numerical process design by finite element (FE) analysis was performed with Dynaform 5.5. To accomplish a successful flange hydroforming process design, investigations on the proper combination of process parameters such as tool geometry, tube diameter, and internal hydraulic pressure were performed. To fabricate a flange of a specific target length on hydroformed tubular parts, an analytical model that predicts the flange length for a given set of process conditions is proposed. Hydroforming experiments to fabricate a flanged tubular part were performed, and the forming characteristics at various pressure conditions were analysed. The results show that the proposed hydroforming process can successfully produce flanged parts of a specific target length.
25
Jinescu, Valeriu V., Georgeta Urse, and Angela Chelu. "Evaluation and Completion the Design Methods of Pressure Vessels Flange Joints." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 8 (September 15, 2018): 1954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.8.6453.
Full textAbstract:
We have provided a comparative analysis of the current international computing standards (European Standard EN 13445-3; ASME-Code, Section VIII, Division 2; British Standard (PD 5500: 2009)) that take into consideration only the static loading of flanges and bolts, if the temperatures of the flanges, bolts and sealing gasket are equal to each other and lower than creep temperature. The paper has put forth relations for completion the calculation method for flange joints in situations not taken into consideration by standards, namely: � static loading if flange temperature and bolt temperature are different; -thermal transient loading; � creep stress; � fatigue loading in the general case of a sequence of blocks of normal stresses. Furthermore, relationships have been proposed for the calculation of the maximum allowable difference between a flange and a bolt so as to ensure both the tightness and the mechanical strength of the flange joint.
26
Matviychuk, Viktor, and Mykola Kolisnyk. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBINED TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF BLANK STACKS FLANGES FORMATION BY THE METHOD OF STAMPING BY ROLLING AND ROTARY DRAWING." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 1(100) (March 23, 2021): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-1-11.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of the development and research of the combined technological process of forming the outer and inner flanges of the lids of fractional and distillation columns on sheet blanks by the method of stamping by rolling and rotary drawing. For this purpose, equipment has been developed that allows to form both outer and inner flanges of the blank in one run of the conical roll. Studies have shown that technological capabilities of the process are limited by the risk of destruction of the top layers of the outer flange bending center and its corrugation, as well as by the neck formation or destruction of the peripheral areas of the inner flange. To assess the deformability of the outer flange, the stress-strain state of its bending center was investigated. According to the set stress values, the stress state of the material is determined, the maximum value of which on the surface of the bending zone is Formula for determining the minimum radius of the mandrel, which when using the values of the critical ductility of the material allows to prevent destruction. As well, an expression for determining the maximum width of the flange, provided that the destruction of peripheral areas is prevented, is obtained. As corrugations formation is the main danger in forming the external flanges by the stamping by rolling method (SR), the expression for determining the maximum width of the flange under the condition of a stable process is obtained. If it is necessary to get more developed flanges, it is proposed to provide thinning of their walls by rotary extraction at the second stage. When forming the inner flanges of the blank stacks radial compressive stresses and tangential tensile stresses in the material are brought about. The action of tangential stresses causes loss of stability of the flange by way of neck formation. The value of the critical strains increases with the approach to the state of plain-strain deformation. Therefore, it is recommended to develop process parameters based on construction of the critical strains diagrams.
27
Zahariea, Danut. "Structural Analysis of a Flange Coupling without Clearance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.652.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper the flange coupling without clearance will be analyzed using CATIA Generative Structural Analysis workbench. The structural analysis procedure will be presented: creating the 3D model, configuring the mesh, applying the restraints, applying the loads (torque), applying the interaction conditions (driving flange-bolts and nuts, bolts and nuts-driven flange), running the numerical analysis and results visualization. Two different systems will be analyzed: the first is a six bolts flange coupling working in nominal conditions, the second is a five bolts flange coupling working in some failure conditions with only five bolts distributed in a six holes flange coupling. In certain conditions the flange coupling design allows the same torque to be transmitted by six, but also by only five bolts. However, the non-uniformity of the five bolts distribution around the six holes flanges will generate some other unwanted phenomena. In this case all the stress and deformations will be non-symmetrically and for the flange coupling that is a rotating coupling this can be one reason for beats phenomenon.
28
Yin, Xiao Wei, Wen Xue Qian, and Li Yang Xie. "3D Visual Parametric Reliability Design System Development of Flange Based on ProEngineer." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.116.
Full textAbstract:
Flange is a common part in engineering, and it is tedious to build the 3D models of flanges repeatedly. Nowadays 3D modeling softwares are widely used in many engineering fields such as mining machinery, transportation and petrochemical. In practical engineering, it is necessary to compute the reliability of a flange. For these reasons a reliability design system of flange was developed with VC and Protoolkit. In this system, we only need to input several parameters to build a flange model and to compute its reliability. Also it is easy to determine the key sizes of a flange with an appointed reliability. The application of the software shown that using the software can improve the work efficiency and decrease the labor intensity of designers.
29
Nelson, N. Rino. "Behaviour of flange joints in Steam Generator under thermal loads." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901082.
Full textAbstract:
Pressure vessels such as steam generators are subjected to high temperature, in addition to high pressure during the operating condition. Flanges and bolts are made up of different materials whose coefficient of thermal expansion varies. Usually, thermal expansion in bolts is greater than that of flanges. At elevated temperatures bolts expand more than that of flanges, resulting in decrease of compression in connected members achieved during assembly stage, which in turn decreases the contact stress in gasket. This can lead to leakage of internal fluid. The loss in gasket contact stress due to differential thermal expansion can be nullified by using sleeves of higher thermal expansion between the flange-nut and flange-bolt head interfaces. At higher temperatures sleeves expand more than bolts and flanges, pushing the flanges closer towards each other, thus decreasing gap created due to differential thermal expansion. The behaviour of gasketed blind flange joint with and without sleeves is analysed and the performances are compared under thermal loads. The non-linear behaviour of gaskets is included by specifying the loading and unloading characteristics with hysteresis.
30
Oh, Sang-Hoon, Young-Ju Kim, and Tae-Sup Moon. "Cyclic performance of existing moment connections in steel retrofitted with a reduced beam section and bottom flange reinforcements." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-125.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the effectiveness of retrofit methods in improving the deformation capacity of existing moment connections in composite beams. Nonlinear finite element analysis was also performed to identify the cause of the connection failure prior to testing. Tests included one conventional specimen and four retrofit specimens. Three retrofit methods were introduced: a reduced beam section (RBS) only, an RBS with bottom flange reinforcement (RBR), and an RBS-shaped bottom flange reinforcement (RSR). A composite beam performs differently than a bare steel shape because the concrete compression flange greatly increases the tensile demands on an unreinforced bottom flange. Therefore, these retrofit methods were applied only to the bottom flanges of the beam. Quasi-static loading tests were performed. The main conclusions were as follows: (i) the deformation capacity of the existing moment connections in composite beams is not sufficiently improved by RBS alone; and (ii) both the RBR and RSR details move the plastic hinge away from the face of the column and reduce stress levels in the vicinity of the beam bottom flanges, sufficiently improving the deformation capacity.Key words: composite construction, seismic performance, reduced beam section (RBS), flange reinforcement, ductility, deformation capacity.
31
Moga, Cătălin, Claudia Pondichi-Alb, and Mircea Suciu. "Effect of Design Parameters on Shear Lag in Orthotropic Deck of Steel Road Bridges." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2021-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The phenomenon of shear lag refers to the increases of the bending stresses near the flange-to-web junctions, and the corresponding decreases in the flange stresses away from these junctions. In the plated structures with wide flanges, such as in the orthotropic deck of the steel road bridges, shear lag caused by shear strains, may be taken into account by a reduced flange width concentrated along the webs of the steel plate girders. In the norm EN 1993-1-5, the concept of taking shear lag into account is based on effectives width of the flange which is defined in order to have the same total normal force in the gross flange subjected to the real transverse stress distribution as the effective flange subjected to a uniform stress equal to the maximum stress of the real transverse distribution. This paper presents some aspects concerning the shear lag phenomenon and a design analysis taking into account the geometrical parameters such as the stiffeners thickness, flange width and the girder span for a steel deck of a road bridge.
32
Yang, Xiao Hui, Jian Xin Tai, Rui Dian Lv, and Lai Min San. "A Design of Online Leak Sealing Clamp for the Flange with Defects." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.836.
Full textAbstract:
The injecting online leak sealing technology is an emergency repair technique widely applied in process industry, which can remove the leakages of the devices, flanges, pipes and valves, with safe, reliable, economic and efficient. In a variety of online leak sealing operations, the work to handle flange leakages accounts for about 90% of the entire workload. This is because most of flanges in actual production have the installing and machining defects, such as uneven clearance, eccentric, reducing, etc. Aimed at those flanges with defects, to ensure the seal effect, the online leak sealing clamp must be machined and installed precisely, which will increase the difficulty of operation. Thus, on the basis of comparing advantages and disadvantages of the existing enhanced seal clamps, a new design has proposed to solve the problem of flange leakage, especially for the flange with defects, which can reduce the difficulties of operation while ensuring the sealing effect.
33
Wang, Feng, Chun Shi, Yu Ran Fan, and Ai Qing Ma. "Fracture Analysis on Cracking of 16Mn Flange." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.623.
Full textAbstract:
16Mn flanges cracked during producing.Physical and chemical analysis of the cracking 16Mn flange were performed,it was found that the chemical composite of 16Mn flange agreed well with standard NB/T 47008-2011,but the physical properties of it were abnormal,the sharpy values of which were far below standard requriemet.furthermore,the metallographic of the cracking 16Mn flange were bulky network polygonal ferrite and pearlite.And this was the main reason that caused the failure.And on the end some control motheds were suggested to this accident.
34
Koroliov, O., V. Iniushev, T. Pyrohov, V. Posokh, and A. Koliadiuk. "Influence of Tightening Torque of Emergency Cooling Heat Exchanger Flange Studs on Strength." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(88) (December 11, 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2020.4(88).07.
Full textAbstract:
Previous efforts on assessing static strength of the flange joint components of the emergency cooling heat exchanger 08.8111.335 SB (ECHE) performed using the finite element method (FEM) revealed that there is an excess of permissible stress values for flange joint components of heat exchanger Dn2130 and Dn2080. These static strength calculations considered the design values for tightening of flange studs.
Failure to meet the strength conditions flange joint components is due to the fact that the effect of «protrusion» under pressure of the bottom and shell attached to the flanges, as well as depending on the tightening force of the studs, the system of equilibrium applied force changes. This, in turn, leads to deformation of flange joint components.
The paper presents an approach to reducing stress in flange joint components of ECHE first used at ZNPP-4. As a result of additional iterative calculations, the boundary conditions under which the strength conditions in all flange joint components of the heat exchanger are met are determined. In addition, the compliance with tightness condition for flange connections is considered.
Thus, the analysis of the calculations established that when the tightening value of flange connection Dn2080 studs equal to 6800 kgf (corresponding to the torque on the key of 65 kg ∙m), the strength conditions for all groups of reduced stresses in all elements of the flange unite. In addition, at this value of stud tightening, the tightness of the flange connection Dn2080 is maintained.
Analysis of similar iterative calculations of flange connection Dn2130 shows that for this flange connection it is recommended to reduce the tightening of the flange connection studs to the value of 14600 kgf, which is equal to the torque on the key of 145 kg ∙ m.
35
Du, Zhi Ming, Jun Liu, Jia Hong Niu, Wang Qi Zhao, and Sen Cong. "Investigation of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Flange Semi-Solid Thixoforging by Changing Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.425.
Full textAbstract:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy flange semi-solid thixoforging by changing cavity was investigated. Theoretical calculation and forming test were adopted to study the preparation of flange. It is concluded that the influence factors of forming limit of flanges are radical load P, friction τ and thickness t by theoretical calculation. The results show that it is uniform in the process of forming. Microstructure and mechanical properties of flange have been improved significantly with the increase of the radical load. Way of variable cavity realized the real plastic deformation, which results in high mechanical properties of flange. The flange could obtain fine microstructure with grain sizes of 20~30μm, tensile strength of 433MPa and elongation of 10.1%, with changing amount of 30MPa. The results indicate that the microstructure and mechanical properties could achieve forging requirement and be controlled using changing cavity.
36
Jinescu, Valeriu V., Angela Chelu, and Georgeta Roman (Urse). "A Method Based on the Principle of Critical Energy for Calculating Flange Joints." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7914.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis has been made of the behavior of flange joint components under initial stress loading (pre-clamping) and in service. There have been highlighted the drawbacks in calculating flange joints to be found in currently acknowledged methods that do not take into account: - the influence of the bending moment produced by the total hydrostatic end force on bolt strength and flange rotation; - the presence of cracks in the welding or in its thermal influence zone; - the residual stresses; � the relaxation of the sealing gasket over time. The calculation method proposed in the paper takes into account all these particularities of loading. Furthermore, alongside the strength calculation of bolts and flanges, a proposal has been put forth for the calculation of the flange joint leak-tightness.
37
Winiarski, G., and A. Gontarz. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Producing Two-Step Flanges by Extrusion with a Movable Sleeve." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0071.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents a new metal forming process for producing two-step external flanges on hollow parts. With this method, the flange is extruded by a movable sleeve, which moves in the opposite direction to the punch. This reduces the phenomenon of buckling of the tube wall, which allows extruding flanges with relatively large volumes. The new method was applied to produce a two-step flange on the end of a tubular billet made of 6060 aluminum alloy. This cold metal forming process was designed based on numerical simulations and experimental tests. The effect of the basic technological parameters on metal flow was investigated and limitations of the process were identified. The experimental results confirmed the possibility of forming a two-step flange with a diameter that is approximately twice as big as the external diameter of the tubular billet.
38
Zhang, Rong. "Finite Element Analysis of Top Flanged Joint System of High Power Level Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.728.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses non-linear finite element method to structurally analyze top flanged joint system of a MW wind turbine, sets up a finite element model of top flanged joint system by applying finite element analysis software MSC.Marc/Mentat, makes an analysis on the stress distribution of key components of top flanged joint system under ultimate operating mode based on applying appropriate boundary condition and loads, and carries out security examination on top flange and joint bolt. Result shows that key components of the top flanged joint system can satisfy design requirements, and it has a guiding role for rational design and performance improvement of large scale wind turbine flange, which can be used in structural analysis of other flanged joint systems, and has certain practical value in the aspect of engineering.
39
J. Kent Hsiao, Santosh Shrestha, Venkat Ramana Reddy Vootukuri, and Frederick Mensah. "The Effect of Plastic Hinge Location on the Flexural Strength Demand of Welded Flange Plate Connections." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 19 (December 1, 2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.19237.
Full textAbstract:
A Welded Flange Plate (WFP) connection consists of top and bottom flange plates that are fillet welded to the flanges of a beam and are complete joint penetration groove welded to a column flange. Four WFP design examples including various beam sizes, beam lengths, and/or assumed plastic hinge locations are presented in this paper. In these design examples, the relationships among the following three factors are in-vestigated: the assumed location of the plastic hinge, the probable peak flexural demand at the end of the beam, and the required length of the flange plates for the WFP connections. Nonlinear static finite element analyses considering both the material and geometric nonlinearities are also carried out for these examples to verify the actual location of the plastic hinge as well as the relationship between the actual location of the plastic hinge and the length of the flange plates used for the WFP connections.
40
Tao, Guo Quan, Zhen Guo Liu, Ming Yun Lv, and Si Si Chen. "The Manufacture and Test of Advanced Composite Material Flange." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2606.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the problems of potential corrosion and thermal expansion differences between traditional metal connecting pieces and carbon fiber poles, it is difficult for them to meet the operating requirements of truss structures in the environment of stratosphere. Based on the large scale composite space truss structure of stratosphere aerostats, the carbon fiber flange connection joints were studied in the present paper. Adopting the three-dimensional full five-directional braiding technology, Toray T700S – 12K carbon fiber is used as the raw material to manufacture flange joint preform, and to manufacture flange forming by RTM(resin transfer molding) process. As demonstrated by tension tests, the composite flange joints have equivalent mechanical properties with flanges manufactured by common aviation aluminum alloy, and meet requirements of stratosphere truss structure connecting pieces.
41
Imrhan, Sheik N., and Maria Jose Munoz-Vasa. "Finger Pinch Loosening and Tightening Torques on Small Cylindrical Handles Among Industrial Workers." Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2013v1i2.pp144-152.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was conducted with 23 assembly line workers in a manufacturing plant to study to the variation in finger torque strengths on small handles. Subjects exerted MVC torques on small cylindrical handles with different finger contact surface finishes (smooth and knurled) and different diameters (3.3, 5.0, 6.4, 9.5, and 19.0 mm). Three similar handles with flanged finger contact were also tested to simulate torqueing on a specific medical device. The flange widths were 6.4, 9.5, and 19.0 cm. Both loosening and tightening peak torques were measured. Ten males and 13 females between the ages of 22 and 55 years were tested. Each performed 26 different torque exertions while standing (20 on cylinders and 6 on flanges). The results indicated that finger torque strength decreased steadily as diameter of the cylindrical handle, or length of the flange, decreased. It was also stronger for tightening compared to loosening, and for knurled cylinders compared with smooth cylinders. Of greater interest was the 2-factor interaction effects on torque – surface*direction, surface*diameter and diameter*direction for the cylinders; and direction*width for the flanges. These interactions indicate that the change in torque over one torqueing factor is not independent of other factors. These results have implications for the design of small device parts, as in some types of medical products.
42
Moga, Cătălin, Delia Drăgan, and Raluca Nerișanu. "Effects of Shear Lag in Steel Box Girders of a Crane Runway." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2020-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The term of shear lag is related to the discrepancies between the approximate theory of the bending of beams and their real behaviour. It refers to the increases of the bending stresses near the flange-to-web junctions and the corresponding decreases in the flange stresses away from these junctions. In the case of wide flanges of plated structures, shear lag caused by shear strains, which are neglected in the conventional theory, may be taken into account by a reduced flange width concentrated along the webs of the steel girders. In EN 1993-1-5, the concept of taking shear lag into account is based on effective width of the flange which is defined in order to have the same total normal force in the gross flange subjected to the real transverse stress distribution as the effective flange subjected to a uniform stress equal to the maximum stress of the real transverse distribution. Some aspects concerning the shear lag phenomenon and a working example for a box girder of a heavy crane runway to illustrate the determination of the shear lag effect are also presented.
43
Velten, A. M., and R. L. U. de F. Pinto. "Flanged Connections of Steel Tubular Sections under High Bending Stresses: A Comparison between Two Thickness Design Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.25.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents a comparison of different possibilities of flange design of an aeolian tower structure, focusing the thickness determination, the critical connection parameter. The dimensioned structure is a fifteen-meter length tubular arm under bend stresses caused by wind loads and by gravitational loads, since the tubular arm might be horizontal or vertically positioned. The tubular sections connected by the flanges are all circular with external diameter varying from 270 to 360 mm and the flange modules are also circular shaped. Since the tubular diameters are relatively large, the lever effect plays a definitive role in the design. Most of the fluid conduits flange design criteria are not applicable for such diameters sizes and have a load case different from those of an aeolian tower. Two different approaches are presented and their flange thickness results compared.
44
Zhang, Yan, and He Hui Wang. "Emergency Stop and Drive Analysis of Bolted Flange Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.585.
Full textAbstract:
The strength and tightness of flange joints will be weaker due to the temperature fluctuations. There exists no mature calculation procedure that can accounts for the temperature fluctuations’ effect on the performance of flanged joint. Based on the finite element simulation of a flanged joint under emergency stop and drive condition using ANSYS, the strength integrity and sealing performance of it are evaluated according to code JB4732-2005. The results show that stress of every component increases after experiencing an emergency stop and drive, flange deflection is more serious, resulting in integrity and tightness failure and can’t meet the sealing requirements. Repeatedly stop and drive will lead to discontinuity and alternating loads for the flanged joints, which will increase the leakage trend.
45
Abbas, Rafaa M., and Wesal A. Fadala. "Numerical Investigation of the Flexure Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Spandrel Beams with Distributed Tension Reinforcement." Journal of Engineering 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2022.03.02.
Full textAbstract:
When the flange of a reinforced concrete spandrel beam is in tension, current design codes and specifications enable a portion of the bonded flexure tension reinforcement to be distributed over an effective flange width. The flexural behavior of the RC L-shaped spandrel beam when reinforcement is laterally displaced in the tension flange is investigated experimentally and numerically in this work. Numerical analysis utilizing the finite element method is performed on discretized flanged beam models validated using experimentally verified L-shaped beam specimens to achieve study objectives. A parametric study was carried out to evaluate the influence of various factors on the beam’s flexure behavior. Results showed that as the percentage of the reinforcement distributed has increased over a greater width of the flange, a considerable drop in beam flexure strength was observed with excessive deflection. According to the study, not more than 33% of the web tension reinforcement might be distributed over an effective flange width less than ln/10, including the web region, as recommended by the ACI318-14.
46
Elamary, Ahmed S., Yasir Alharthi, Osama Abdalla, Muwaffaq Alqurashi, and Ibrahim A. Sharaky. "Failure Mechanism of Hybrid Steel Beams with Trapezoidal Corrugated-Web Non-Welded Inclined Folds." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061424.
Full textAbstract:
Literature of Steel Beams with a thin-walled trapezoidal Corrugated Web (SBCWs) shows that the capacity of SBCWs is affected by both the fatigue cracks initiated along the inclined folds (IFs) and the maximal additional stress located in the middle of the IFs. An experimental investigation on the behaviour of hybrid SBCWs under flexure is presented in this paper. This study focuses on the effect of the welding IF between the web and flanges (IFs welded or non-welded), the horizontal-fold length (200, 260, and 350 mm), and transversal flange stiffeners on the failure mechanism of the SBCW under three line load. Accordingly, six hybrid specimens were fabricated, instrumented, and tested (five SBCW specimens and one specimen with a flat web). The test setup was designed to generate shear and a moment in the testing zone via three-point bending. The results indicated that non-welded IFs specimens with or without flange stiffeners failed owing to web tearing after web and flange local buckling. The failure mode of the specimen with continuous welding between the web and flanges was local flange buckling. Finally, the paper presents a comparison between the experimental results and the European Code to predict the capacity of the flange towards local buckling. It was concluded that the non-welding the IFs affected the inelastic behaviour and the capacity of the SBCWs. In addition, the bending resistance equations presented by EN 1993-1-5 can safely predict the test results of the non-welded inclined fold and yield a high safe variation.
47
Sidorenko, M. I. "KINEMATICAL FEATURES OF FORMATION OF A FLANGE WITH MINIMUM TENSION OF A TRANSIENT TOROIDAL SURFACE." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-132-136.
Full textAbstract:
The technology of plastic forming of wide flanges in tube billets with the predicted length of the transitional toroidal section between the outer plane of the flange and the internal cavity of the pipe is proposed. The procedure for calculating the length of this section is given. In order to eliminate the toroidal portion in the flange formed during the flanging of the pipe, it is proposed to perform its plastic shaping by depositing the cylindrical part of the workpiece. Equations for calculating the extent of the free surface on the toroidal part of the workpiece when it is shaped, depending on the coefficient of contact friction and the presence of a radial support of the flange are obtained. The variant of forming in the flange the toroidal section in the stamp with the compensation cavity is proposed. Equations for calculating the deformation force and the extent of the free surface are given.
48
BESONG, Lemopi Isidore, Johannes BUHL, and Markus BAMBACH. "PADDLE SHAPE OPTIMIZATION FOR HOLE-FLANGING BY PADDLE FORMING THROUGH THE USE OF A PREDEFINED STRAIN PATH IN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." Journal of Machine Engineering 19, no. 2 (June 9, 2019): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2226.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates a novel hole-flanging process by paddle forming through the use of finite element (FE) simulations. Paddles of different shapes rotating at high speeds were used to deform clamped sheets with pre-drilled holes at their centers. The results of the simulations show that the paddle shape determines the geometry and principal strains of the formed flanges. A convex-shaped paddle forms flanges with predominant strains in the left quadrant of the forming limit diagram (FLD). However, the convex paddle promotes unwanted bulge formation at the clamped end of the flange. A concave paddle forms flanges with no bulge but the principal strains of elements in the middle section of the flange are in the right quadrant of the FLD which indicates an increased probability for crack occurrence. An optimization of the paddle shape was conducted to prevent bulging at the clamped end while avoiding crack occurrence. The paddle shape was optimized by mapping the deformation of some elements along the flange length to a pre-defined strain path on the FLD while maintaining the bulge height within the desired geometric tolerance. The radii and lengths of the paddle edge were varied to obtain an optimum paddle shape.
49
Haghollahi, Abbas, and Hassan Ahmadi. "Cyclic Behavior of Steel Beam-to-Column Moment Connections Using Different Sizes of Flange Plates and Reinforced by a Single Rib Plate." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030975.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a numerical study on the behavior of connection between steel I-beam and H-column when are affected by cyclic loading. The connection used the flange plates to connect the beam flanges to the column flange. They were welded to the top and bottom flange plates and created a welded flange plate (WFP) connection. Specimens were six models of WFP connections with different beam geometry and flange plate sizes which were modeled and their cyclic behavior were investigated using finite element analysis in ABAQUS program. Three of them were reinforced by a vertical triangular top and bottom rib plates, and others remained unreinforced. The results showed that reinforcement with a vertical triangular rib plate attached to the top and bottom flange plates can improve cyclic behavior of WFP connections. By using a rib plate, the equivalent plastic strain was increased and showed better plastic hinge formation compared to those with no vertical rib plate. Those models with IPB beam sections had the best cyclic behavior compared to those with IPE beam sections and satisfied the acceptance criteria of AISC seismic provisions for intermediate and special moment frames. We concluded that those WFP connections which did not satisfy the criteria of AISC seismic provisions for special moment frames, can be upgraded by a vertical triangular rib plate in order to be used in special moment frames.
50
Weikle, Robert M., H. Li, A. Arsenovic, S. Nadri, L. Xie, M. F. Bauwens, N. Alijabbari, N. Scott Barker, and A. W. Lichtenberger. "Micromachined Interfaces for Metrology and Packaging Applications in the Submillimeter-Wave Band." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2017, DPC (January 1, 2017): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2017dpc-tha3_presentation2.
Full textAbstract:
The continued emergence of new terahertz devices has created a need for improved approaches to packaging, integration, and measurement tools for diagnostics and characterization in this portion of the spectrum. Rectangular waveguide has for many years been the primary transmission medium for terahertz and submillimeter-wave systems operating from 300 GHz to 1 THz, with the UG-387 flange the most common interface for mating waveguide components over this frequency range. Alignment of UG-387 flanges is accomplished with pins and alignment holes that are placed around the flange perimeter and, under the standard MIL SPECS tolerances, misalignments of up to 6 mils (150 microns) are possible as a result of practical milling tolerances. With the emergence of vector network analyzers operating beyond 1 THz, such misalignment of waveguide mating flanges is not negligible and is recognized as a fundamental issue limiting calibration and measurement precision at frequencies greater than 300 GHz. In response to this issue, a number of new waveguide flange concepts have been investigated to reduce flange misalignment and the P1785 IEEE Standard was recently issued to recommend designs for waveguide interfaces at frequencies above 110 GHz. Among the new flange concepts being proposed is a modified UG-387 that utilizes tighter machining tolerances and the ring-centered flange where alignment is accomplished using a precision coupling ring that fits over raised bosses that are centered on each waveguide. This paper discusses the new interface concepts that are being developed to address waveguide flange misalignment as well as emerging micromachined interconnects, calibration standards and heterogeneous integration methods that are being applied to implement low-loss and high-performance circuit architectures for the terahertz frequency range. Among the technologies that will be described are (1) design and characterization methods for the new ring-centered waveguide standard, (2) micromachined waveguide components and calibration standards for the terahertz band, (3) silicon-based micromachined probe structures for direct-contact interfacing and metrology, and (4) epitaxial transfer of III-V semiconductor material onto high-resistivity silicon to realize a low-loss platform for integration of terahertz components. Details of the processing methods used to realize these components as well as measurement techniques for assessing their performance will be described.