Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flange

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flange'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flange"

1

Gjengedal, Ragnar, Ørjan Fyllingen, and Henrik Sture. "Integrity Evaluation of Steel Flanges Joined with Metallic Gaskets." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 2187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.2187.

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System integrity of a flanged connection requires that no leakages occur. Metallic flanges and their joining is of great importance when it comes to avoiding leakages from hydrocarbon lines. The American standard ASTM A182 demands that flanges must be forged to shape, thereby excluding other manufacturing methods. Mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel bars have been examined by doing tensile and charpy tests. A finite element model of a typical ASME-flange assembly was made and was used to calculate stress levels in the flange. The measured mechanical properties of the bar, showed that it is suitable for flange use.
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Whatham, J. F. "Pipe Bend Analysis by Thin Shell Theory." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171707.

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Thin shell theory is applied to pipe bends terminated by flanges or flange-ended tangent pipes and subjected to any end loading, either in-plane or out-of-plane. Graphs of flexibility factor versus pipe bend characteristic are presented for in-plane bending of a wide range of pipe elbows terminated by flanges or short flange-ended tangents. Experimental results verify the thin shell solutions for in-plane and out-of-plane bending of a flanged pipe elbow. The capabilities of a computer program BENDPAC are also described.
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Sinke, J. "Spring Back of Curved Flanges of Rubber Formed Aluminum Parts." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1851.

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Rubber forming is a common process for the fabrication of flanged metallic parts in the aerospace industry. The process enables cheap tooling, which is important since the product series are limited. In the process a rigid and a soft tool are combined to form a metal blank into the required shape. Most components made in this way are “flanged parts”, i.e. parts with a rather flat web plate and curved flanges at the periphery of the web plate. For flanged parts the determination of spring back of the flanges, straight or curved, is important, since the forming dies compensated with the spring back, will result in accurate products. Like all metal forming processes elastic and plastic deformations are combined in the same process cycle. The elastic deformations result in spring back and residual stresses, the ratio between these two depends on the shape of the product and the distribution of the plastic and elastic deformations. In this research aluminum alloys were used. The low Young’s modulus of these alloys results in rather high elastic responses upon deformation. Other aspects that have been evaluated are the effect of processing parameters like friction and distribution of strains. For stretch flanges the strain is distributed evenly along the flange, but not for shrink flanges, where buckling plays a role. Experimental research shows that the spring back of the flanges depend on a number of variables like the thickness, flange geometry, and material parameters. The spring back of a flange is also a mixture of different contributions: spring back due to the bending over the bend line, spring back due to the curvature of the flange, and spring back due to in-plane deformations. The research performed focused on the different components of the spring back and their interaction. Analysis of the data resulted in a new parameter by which a number of variables could be captured. This improves the understanding of the spring back phenomena and is a generalization of the results.
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Abbas, Rafaa M., and Wesal A. Fadala. "Behavioral Investigation of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams with Distributed Reinforcement in the Tension Flange." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803010.

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Current design codes and specifications allow for part of the bonded flexure tension reinforcement to be distributed over an effective flange width when the T-beams' flanges are in tension. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the reinforced concrete flanged section's flexural behavior when reinforcement in the tension flange is laterally distributed. To achieve the goals of the study, numerical analysis using the finite element method was conducted on discretized flanged beam models validated via experimentally tested T-beam specimen. Parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of different parameters on the T-beams flexural behavior. The study revealed that a significant reduction in the beam flexural strength with increasing deflection is encountered as a sizable percentage of reinforcement is distributed over the wider flange width. The study recommended that not more than 33% of the tension reinforcement may be distributed over an effective flange width not wider than ℓn/10. This result confirms and agrees well the ACI 318 limit on the effective width to be less than ℓn/10.
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Bondarenko, Oleg, and Anatoliy Dziuba. "Sealing of Pipelines Flange Connections in Conditions of Fasteners Tightening Torque Reducing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 630 (September 2014): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.630.283.

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Flanged connections are widely used in pipelines of various technical systems. Task of reducing the consumption of materials pipelines , ensuring their long-term tightness is highly relevant for shipbuilding , aviation and space technology and other mashinebuilding. In this paper, the task of deliberately reducing torque fasteners flange connection at build pipelines to ensure the initial tightness of the connection , reducing the weight of the pipeline , the alignment of the stress- strain state of the compound and determining the residual torque fasteners, providing connections for leaks. With decreasing torque fasteners ( intentional or natural ) will be sealed flanged if the remaining torque is sufficient to compensate for the pressure in the pipeline and prevent shear movement of the flange and gasket relative to each other . Found that the flange connection remains sealed with natural and deliberate reduction torque fasteners to 75-80 % compared to the initial .Sealing flange connections using technology and standard fastenings to reduce their weight by 10-50 %, and the replacement of flanges and pipe material - a whole lot of pipelines at 30-65 %.
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Steau, Edward, Poologanathan Keerthan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Web crippling study of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 7 (October 20, 2016): 1059–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216670172.

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Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. A new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. This flexible fastening process allows rectangular hollow flange channel beams to have greater section optimisation, by configuring web and flange widths and thicknesses. In the industrial applications of rectangular hollow flange channel beams as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports under two-flange load cases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams based on the new American Iron and Steel Institute S909 standard test method. The web crippling capacities were compared with the predictions from the design equations in Australia/New Zealand Standard 4600 and American Iron and Steel Institute S100 to determine their accuracy in predicting the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams. Test results showed that these design equations are considerably conservative for the end two-flange load case while being unconservative for the interior two-flange load case. New equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rectangular hollow flange channel beams with flanges fastened to supports. Test results showed that web crippling capacities increased by 78% and 65% on average for the end two-flange and interior two-flange load cases when flanges were fastened to supports. This article presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rectangular hollow flange channel beam sections and the results.
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Yao, Na Na, Wen Fang Zhang, and Jian Wei Wei. "The Flange Effect of Brick Masonry Wall Subjected to Seismic Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1444.

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This paper researces the effect of flange width on anti-seismic performance of flanged brick masonry walls. Four T-shaped cross section unreinforced brick masonry walls with different flange width and one rectangular shaped cross section brick masonry wall are studied and analyzed by ABAQUS finite element method.Analyze and compare the force-displacement curves of flanged brick masonry wall under the composed of vertical and lateral load.The results indicate that the flange width has a significant effect on the shear bearing capacity and ductility. The shear bearing capacity and ductility factor of T-shaped cross section brick masonry walls with 1.6m flange width are respectively 20% and 50% higher than the no flange wall .The flange effect is obvious when the flange width is not more than 1.6m, the value of shear bearing capacity and ductility are higher when the flange width become longer.
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He, Chang, Qiang Xie, and Yong Zhou. "Influence of Flange on Seismic Performance of 1,100-kV Ultra-High Voltage Transformer Bushing." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 1 (February 2019): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/122517eqs266m.

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Failures of the metal flange were observed in transformer bushings in previous earthquakes. In order to evaluate the influence of the flange on the seismic responses of 1,100-kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) bushing, two types of flanges were selected, which used different materials and layouts. The finite element (FE) and theoretical analyses were first carried out. The results indicate that there is an out-of-plane rocking effect at the flange bottom plate, and the flange will be damaged if the stiffeners are improperly designed. Then two identical bushings using different flanges were tested on the shaking table. The bottom plate of the cast aluminum flange cracked along the stiffeners accompanied by oil leakage. However, the UHV bushing with stainless steel flange survived in the test. It is concluded that the properly designed flange could improve seismic performance of UHV transformer bushings.
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Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "An Analytical Solution for Evaluating Gasket Stress Change in Bolted Flange Connections Subjected to High Temperature Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042480.

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The tightness of bolted flanged joints subjected to elevated temperature is not properly addressed by flange design codes. The development of an analytical method based on the flexibility of the different joint components and their elastic interaction could serve as a powerful tool for elevated temperature flange designs. This paper addresses the effect of the internal fluid operating temperature on the variation of the bolt load and consequently on the gasket stress in bolted joints. The theoretical analysis used to predict the gasket load variation as a result of unequal radial and axial thermal expansion of the joint elements is outlined. It details the analytical basis of the elastic interaction model and the thermally induced deflections that are used to evaluate the load changes. Two flange joint type configurations are treated: a joint with identical pair of flanges and a joint with a cover plate. The analytical models are validated and verified by comparison to finite element results.
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Ellison, Kevin, Spencer G. Sealy, and Hope R. McGaha. "Color Variation Among Nestling Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater) Does Not Reflect Differential Success With Hosts in Texas." Auk 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.526.

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Abstract As brood parasites, nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) may exhibit characters that improve their fledging success when reared alongside host young. The coloration of mouthparts of nestlings can influence adult care and, thus, the polymorphism of yellow or white rictal flanges among nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds may reflect differential success with different hosts on the basis of flange color. Moreover, because Brown-headed Cowbirds in the southern United States co-occur with Bronzed Cowbirds (M. aeneus), whose young have white flanges, cowbird nestlings' flange colors may reflect a means for reducing interspecific competition through partitioning of host species on the basis of nestling flange color. To determine whether flange color influences cowbird fledging success with hosts of either color, we recorded the flange colors of cowbirds and their hosts at a site in Texas. We also tested whether flange color was influenced by nestling sex. Most hosts of Brown-headed Cowbirds had young with yellow flanges (81%, n = 16 spp.), yet Brown-headed Cowbirds with white flanges were more common (61%, n = 107). Bronzed Cowbirds parasitized primarily species whose young had white flanges (86%, n = 348 eggs). Despite the differential use of hosts with regard to flange color, the frequencies of each were similar among nestling and juvenile Brown-headed Cowbirds. Likewise, the frequencies of each color did not differ significantly between the sexes. Therefore, we suggest that a flange color matching that of nestmates is not strongly selected for by hosts. La Variación del Color entre Polluelos de Molothrus ater no Refleja Éxito Diferencial al Ser Criados por Especies Hospederas en Texas
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flange"

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Vakiener, Adam R. "Preliminary investigation of flange local buckling in pultruded wide flange structural shapes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19562.

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Sufran, Mansor. "COMPARISON OF STRENGTH, DUCTILITY AND STIFFNESS OF FREE FLANGE AND WELDED FLANGE PLATE CONNECTION." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2632.

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Steel structures have been in use in high-rise structures since its more economical as compared to the use of concrete. The steel frames constructed fall under ordinary moment-resisting structures or special moment-resisting structures. Since the occurrence of Northridge earthquake in 1994 and Kobe earthquake in 1995, a lot of research has been done on causes of structural failure as well as remedies to the faults previously present in the building before the occurrence of the earthquake.
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Steau, Edward. "Web bearing behaviour and design of hollow flange beams." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120162/1/Edward_Steau_Thesis.pdf.

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Thin-walled steel hollow flange channel beams are commonly used as joists and bearers in various flooring systems in buildings. They are mono-symmetric sections with two closed rectangular hollow flanges, which make them highly structurally efficient when compared with conventional cold-formed steel sections. The LiteSteel beam (LSB) section is a welded hollow flange channel beam with two rectangular hollow flanges. It is made from a single steel strip using a combined dual electric resistance welding and automated continuous rollforming process. Recent research studies made improvements to the LSB section, by eliminating the expensive welding and replacing them with a riveting process. This innovative hollow flange channel beams known as the rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam (RHFCB) section. The rivet fastened RHFCB is made by intermittently rivet fastening two torsionally rigid rectangular hollow flanges to a web plate element, which allows section optimisation by selecting appropriate combinations of web and flange widths and thicknesses. The LSB and rivet fastened RHFCB sections are thin-walled flexural members, hence becoming vulnerable to web bearing failures including web crippling, flange crushing and their combinations. However, no investigation has been conducted on the web crippling behaviour and capacity of LSB and the newly introduced rivet fastened RHFCB sections. To address this issue, an experimental study was conducted consisting of over 170 web crippling tests to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of LSBs and rivet fastened RHFCBs, based on the new AISI S909 standard test method. This study included LSBs and rivet fastened RHFCBs with their flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under all the four standard load cases used in web crippling studies - End-Two-Flange (ETF) Loading, Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) Loading, End-One-Flange (EOF) Loading and Interior- One-Flange (IOF) Loading. It provided significantly improved knowledge and understanding of the web bearing failures including web crippling, flange crushing and their combinations, and associated web bearing capacities. Comparisons of experimental web crippling capacity results with predictions using the current AS/NZS 4600 and AISI S100 design standards showed that web crippling design equations are unconservative in some cases while being conservative in other cases for both LSB and rivet fastened RHFCB sections with flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under ETF, ITF, EOF and IOF load cases. Hence this research study has proposed new equations to determine the web crippling capacities of LSBs and rivet fastened RHFCBs based on experimental results. Flange crushing led to higher web crippling capacities and thus the same capacity equations are recommended as a conservative design approach. The web crippling tests with flanges fastened to support conditions showed that web crippling capacities increased by 10 to 90 % on average for both LSBs and rivet fastened RHFCBs under all four load cases. This has thus demonstrated the need to include the benefits of fastening to supports in the web crippling design. Experimental results from this study showed that both hollow flange channel beams (LSB and rivet fastened RHFCB) perform structurally better due to their unique geometric characteristics (effective flanges), when compared to conventional open cold-formed channel sections. The two additional flange lips in the rivet fastened RHFCBs effectively stiffen the web plate and thus provide higher resistance against web crippling than the welded hollow flange channel beams (LSBs) without flange lips. Tests showed that intermittent rivet fastening can be used to produce similar outcomes as welded LSBs as there was no excessive separation between the web and flange plates during the tests. Based on the results from this study, a 100 mm rivet spacing is recommended for RHFCBs. In summary, this thesis has presented the details of an extensive experimental study into the web crippling behaviour and capacities of an innovative group of welded and rivet fastened hollow flange beams known as LSBs and RHFCBs with their flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under ETF, ITF, EOF and IOF load cases, the results and the improved web crippling design equations developed within the guidelines of AS/NZS 4600 and AISI S100. Such enhanced knowledge, understanding and design rules are expected to advance the use of those innovative sections as joists and bearers in floor systems.
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Waara, Patric. "Wear reduction performance of rail flange lubrication." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26422.

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Rail and rail wheel flange wear on the rail track has been a problem of attention for the last 30 years. The problems arise in curves and depend on increased traffic volume, heavier axle load and also higher speed. Axle loads of 22,5-25 ton is common nowadays and the trend is towards heavier axle loads where the next step is 30-35 ton. Flange wear includes both wheel and rail flanges and is therefore a problem for the operating company as well as the infrastructure owner. The flange wear depend mainly on the number of passed axles, type of traffic, speed and curve radius but also the axle load contributes. Flange lubrication on high rail is a well known way to reduce wear since the middle of 70th and a number of techniques to lubricate the rail flange are developed as grease, aerosol of oil and dry stick with solid lubricants. The trackside lubricator can not apply the grease on the rail flange when the climate is during the winter. The infrastructure owner in Sweden was interested to evaluate the effectiveness of the track side lubricator. The investment in trackside lubricators over 20 years was about 75 Mkr (7,6 USD) and also an additional yearly costs to operate 3000 apparatuses. The work to evaluate effectiveness of the lubrication started 1997 there one of the important matter concern the possibility to use environmentally adapted lubricants without hazard the rail. This licentiate thesis concern effectiveness of trackside lubricators to reduce wear in sharp railroad curves. Also the environmentally aspects have been considered and therefore natural esters synthetic esters and additives suited for those kind of lubricants have been evaluated. The research proved that environmentally adapted lubricants could lubricate as good as earlier used greases. Some amount of metal removal is probably healthy for this kind of application. Lubricants as synthetic esters can be designed get those qualities. It was also found significant difference between the seasons concerning flange wear. This difference depends on the problem to apply grease on the rail flange during the winter.
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Bishop, Cliff Douglas. "Flange bracing requirements for metal building systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47665.

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The analysis and design of bracing systems for complex frame geometries typically found in metal buildings can prove to be an arduous task given current methods. The American Institute of Steel Construction's Appendix 6 from the 2010 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings affords engineers a means for determining brace strength and stiffness requirements, but only for the most basic cases. Specifically, there are a number of aspects of metal building systems that place their designs outside the scope of AISC's Appendix 6 (Stability Bracing for Columns and Beams). Some of the aspects not considered by Appendix 6 include: the use of web-tapered members, the potential for unequally spaced or unequal stiffness bracing, combination of bracing types including panel and flange diagonal bracing, and the effects of continuity across brace points. In this research, an inelastic eigenvalue buckling procedure is developed for calculation of the ideal bracing stiffness demands in general framing systems. Additionally, the software provides a method of calculating the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load of members with generally stepped and tapered cross-sections, which satisfies an important need for rigorous design assessment. Extensive benchmarking to load-deflection simulations of geometrically imperfect systems is performed and recommendations are developed for determining the required design stiffness and strength of the bracing components based on the use of this type of computational tool.
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Cao, J. J. "Tension circular flange joints in tubular structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527696.

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Berrington, R. E. "Rig design to provide flange methodology validation data." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636083.

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Over the years many researchers have investigated various aspects of bolted flanged joints. Much of this has been in the areas of flange sealing and fatigue characterisation of the joint components. Roll-Royce plc is researching new methods of analysing the flanged joints on its aero-engine casings, with the aim of reducing weight by up to thirty percent without compromising reliability or efficiency. In modern civil aero-engines, the need to withstand the excessive stresses induced by the loss of a fan blade is the design case for many of the structural casing flanges. These flanged joints tend to be thinner, and much more flexible, than their industrial counterparts due to the use of high strength alloys. Under high load conditions these joints experience a significant amount of plasticity, both in the bolts and in the flange areas between the bolt holes. This makes the basic strength of the joint difficult to predict accurately. To validate the prediction methods experimental data at high loads is required. This thesis presents the design and commissioning of a rig capable of testing to failure, in a controlled manner, an assembly of actual engine casings from the main structural load path of two large modern civil aero-engines. The casings are fully strain-gauged to provide as much validation data as possible. The rig will provide data under combinations of axial load, bending moment and pressure, extending from normal operating loads, through the ultimate design loads, and up to eventual failure. To ensure failure the rig can apply axial loads up to 400 tons and bending moments up to 12 million pound-inches.
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Berninghaus, Garth B. "Stress distribution in welded flange-bolted web connections." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26269.

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Wappler, Gilberto Paulo. "Otimização paramétrica de um flange de motor elétrico." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2065.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto Paulo Wappler.pdf: 3228907 bytes, checksum: b89445d7a190e66455c34f9382fb8d2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16
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This work has the objective of implementing a structural optimization procedure in order to adjust the natural frequency of electric motors. This is accomplished by modifying some flange dimensions, which is the part connecting the motor to the system being driven. The implemented optimization algorithm is the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), which proved to be appropriate for the type of problem considered (non convex and with few design variables). The optimization formulation aims to get a motor/flange whose first natural frequency is equal to a specified value while observing the criterion of Rankine for brittle materials. Both the modal analysis and evaluation of the principal stresses are performed by a commercial finite element code. Due to the large computational cost associated to the combined use of PSO with an external finite element program, it is studied an approximation by least squares of the natural frequency and of the principal stresses. This procedure is effective and extremely efficient. Examples of flange designs obtained using the proposed formulation are presented and discussed, showing the validity of the procedure adopted.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo implementar um procedimento de otimização estrutural aplicado ao ajuste da frequência natural de motores elétricos. Isto é realizado pela modificação de algumas dimensões do flange, elemento de ligação entre o motor e o sistema que está sendo acionado. O algoritmo de otimização implementado é o PSO (Otimização por enxame de partículas), que se mostrou adequado ao tipo de problema considerado (não convexo e com poucas variáveis de projeto). A formulação de otimização tem como objetivo obter um conjunto motor/flange cuja primeira frequência natural seja igual a um valor estipulado, respeitando o critério de Rankine para materiais frágeis. A análise modal e de tensões é realizada por um programa comercial de elementos finitos. Devido ao grande custo computacional associado ao uso conjunto do PSO com um programa externo de elementos finitos, é estudada uma aproximação por mínimos quadrados da frequência natural e das tensões principais. Este procedimento se mostrou eficaz e extremamente eficiente. Exemplos de projetos de flange obtidos com o uso da formulação proposta são apresentados e discutidos, mostrando a validade do procedimento adotado.
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Assenso, Antwi Akwasi Manu. "Behavior of wide flange beams with web openings." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/978.

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Behavior of wide flanged beams is of much importance to civil engineers as this one of the main materials used in steel structures. Openings are made in the web of beams to pass services pipes from one side of the building to another, when these openings are made in the beams, the shear and moment capacity at this section will be reduced. This will increase stresses at this section of the beam and will subsequently affect the stress distribution in the beam with web opening. Longitudinal stiffeners are placed at the top and bottom edges of the web opening to increase both moment and shear capacity at the section with web opening. Four samples were used in this study; a solid wide flange beam, a wide flange beam with web opening and two beams with reinforced web openings. The von Mises stress and the first principal stresses were obtained from the nonlinear static analysis. The results from a nonlinear finite element analysis of the four simply supported beams are discussed. The AISC steel design guide series 2 provide equations for the design of reinforced web opening. The reinforced web opening beam using the AISC guidelines is evaluated by comparing it to the finite element analysis.
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Books on the topic "Flange"

1

Sokolov, V. F. Na pravom flange fronta. Moskva: Voen. izd-vo, 1985.

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Shashin, B. S. Ataka na ferzevom flange. Moskva: "Fizkulʹtura i sport", 1988.

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Institute, American National Standards. Metric 12-point flange screws. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009.

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Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas., Jackson Tull & Graham., and Chicago Transit Authority, eds. Evaluation of CTA's flange angle replacement methodology. [Chicago, Ill: Parsons Brinckerhoff?, 1989.

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Na flange linii Mannergejma: Bitva za Tajpale. Moskva: Vece, 2010.

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Cao, J. Tension circular flange joints in tubular structures. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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7

Green, Deborah L. Design of web-flange beam or girder splices. Edmonton, Alta: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, 1987.

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Berninghaus, Garth B. Stress distribution in welded flange-bolted web connections. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995.

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9

Chernenko, Diana E. An analysis of the performance of welded wide flange columns. Edmonton, Alta: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, 1988.

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I, Popov A. Borodinskoe srazhenie: Boevye deĭstvii͡a︡ na severnom flange : uchebnoe posobie k spet͡s︡kursu. Samara: Izd-vo Samarskogo gos. pedagog. universiteta, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flange"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Flange Crimping." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 309–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5024.

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Dujmović, Darko, Boris Androić, and Ivan Lukačević. "Effective width of Concrete Flange." In Composite Structures According to Eurocode 4, 45–52. D-69451 Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783433604908.ch4.

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Houpert, L. "Roller End–Flange Sliding Contact." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 2802–6. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_366.

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Yates, John T. "Flange-Mounted UHV Variable Aperture." In Experimental Innovations in Surface Science, 56–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2304-7_18.

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Skejic, Davor, Darko Dujmovic, and Boris Androic. "Finite Element Modelling of the Flange Cleats." In Design, Fabrication and Economy of Metal Structures, 345–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36691-8_52.

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Hanson, M. T., and L. M. Keer. "Analytical and Numerical Treatment of Flange Contact." In Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, 203–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8151-6_16.

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Gaca, Hans, Jan Ruiter, Götz Mehr, and Theo Mang. "Wheel-Flange Lubrication Systems for Railway Vehicles." In Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 2376–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_133.

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Kang, B. S. J., Jacky Prucz, and F. K. Hsieh. "Interactive Optimum Parametric Design of Laminated Composite Flange." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future ’90, 506–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84338-9_68.

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Feng, Ruilin, Changtao Pang, Jingliang Liu, and Zhenyu Yu. "Study on Measuring Flange Hole of Aviation Conduit." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2596–604. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3305-7_209.

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Kang, B. S. J., Jacky Prucz, and F. K. Hsieh. "Interactive Optimum Parametric Design of Laminated Composite Flange." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future ’90, 506–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85838-3_68.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flange"

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Kirkemo, Finn, and Przemyslaw Lutkiewicz. "Limit Loads of Bolted Flange Connections." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62712.

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Abstract High-pressure applications such as process piping, pressure vessels, risers, pipelines, and subsea production systems use bolted flange connections. Design of flanged joints may be done by design by rules and design by analysis. This paper presents a design by rules method applicable for flanges designed for face-to-face make-up. Limit loads are used to calculate the structural capacity (resistance) of the flanges, bolts, and metallic seal rings. Designers can use the calculation method to size bolted flange connections and calculate the structural capacity of existing bolted flange connections. Finite element analyses have been performed to verify the analytically based calculation method. The intention is to prepare for an ASME code case based on the calculation method presented in this paper.
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Nadarajah, C. "A Parametric Study of ASME B16.5 Flanges Which Has Experienced Flange Face Corrosion." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2685.

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Weld neck flanges on piping systems are susceptible to flange face corrosion when they are exposed to corrosive environments. This paper examines the maximum amount of corrosion a weld neck flange face could tolerate without loosing structural integrity and hence the flange is fit for service. A parametric study using finite element method was used to examine the entire range of weld neck flanges listed in ASME B16.5 Code, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. From the study, a number of tables were developed limiting the amount of corrosion for the various classes and sizes of flanges.
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Seipp, Trevor G., Christopher Reichert, and Barry Messer. "Bolted Flange Joints Under External Moments: An Analysis Using the Compound Gasket Approach for Spiral Wound Gaskets." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26841.

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It is common to rate a piping system to its weakest component to maximize flexibility for future operations. In many situations, the bolted flange joint is the lowest rated component. Rating a system for its full flange rating reduces the flange’s capacity to carry external bending moments. In the past, moments on flanged joints have been evaluated by using the concept of equivalent pressure, first presented in the Kellogg Design of Piping Systems. Operating moments are converted to an equivalent pressure. This equivalent pressure is added to the design pressure and compared against a limit. According to conventional practices, the design pressure plus the equivalent pressure must not exceed the rating pressure. Consequently, designing up to the flange rating pressure presents an issue, since no margin is left for the effects of external moments on flange joints. Depending on the circumstances, many designers have compensated by permitting the combined design pressure and equivalent pressure to be as high as twice the flange rating. In this paper, the authors demonstrate a robust methodology to define an appropriate limit for operating moments on bolted flange joints. Using the calculation methodologies of EN-1591-1, the authors calculate the maximum external moment that various classes of standard ASME B16.5 flanges (for Group 1.1 materials) can tolerate over a range of temperatures and present a representative sample. Conclusions are drawn about appropriate limits for moments on flanges and are compared to results using the equivalent pressure method.
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Lutkiewicz, Przemyslaw, David Robertson, and Sam (Kwok Lun) Lee. "Subsea Flanges, Comparison Between Conventional API 6A Type 6BX Flange and SPO Compact Flange Designs." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21372.

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Abstract The API flange design is a well-known commonly used solution. The flange concept was developed in late 1920s and 1930s by Waters and Taylor. The design methodology of the flange was published in 1937[1], well known as the “Taylor Forge method”. This is still the basis of the present ASME flange calculation. The design is based on the simple elastic principles and linear stress analysis/calculations. The conventional flange type dimensions are described in API 6A [2] and analyzed in API 6AF [3] and 6AF2 [4]. On the other hand, the Compact Flange concept was presented first by Webjørn in 1989 VCF joint [5]. It is based on plastic theory equations and plastic collapse capacity. In 1989 the initial concept was adopted by the Steel Product Offshore (SPO) company for oil industry by equipping flange with HX seal ring for raiser and subsea use. After that a topside budget version (with simpler IX seal ring) was prepared by SPO and presented on PVP 2002 conference [6][7][8]. The Compact Standardized and simplified flange design with IX seal ring is defined and described in ISO-27509 [9]. As for today, along ASME B.16.5 [10] pressure classes range, SPO CF 5K, 10K, 15K and 20K rating flange classes were designed and are in use. The main advantages for CF design are reliability, low weight/compact dimensions and static behavior compared to the conventional design. The design is already well known and commonly uses for European region (mostly Norway). Despite its benefits, CF is still rare outside Europe region. A comparison between those two different concepts will be presented in this paper followed by the examples and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In case of FEA the Compact Flange design is more suited to the plastic collapse analysis than to elastic stress evaluation as it is for API, therefore comparison between different FEA approaches will be studied in addition.
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Mori, Masako, Akira Nebu, and Takashi Kanno. "Flange Tightening Evaluation Method for Flat Face Flange With Full Face Gasket." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97581.

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Appropriate flange tightening methods for flat face flanges with full face gaskets are discussed to improve the sealing performance of the bolted flange joints and the workability of flange tightening work. In general, relatively larger tightening torque is required for a flat face flange with a full face gasket compared to the flange with a ring gasket when we calculate the required tightening torque based on the latest Non-mandatory Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) evaluation method, “JIS B 2205-1991, Basis for calculation of pipe flanges”[1]. Especially, for the flat face flanges with large diameter and with fewer tightening bolts, this tendency becomes stronger. This problem sometimes causes a conflict when the flange torque calculation of the minimum required torque value to resist hydrostatic end force at the maximum design pressure of the flange is larger than the maximum allowable torque derived from flange or bolt strength. So, in this paper, surface stress of several diameter flange faces were measured to clarify whether or not the required stress is applied on the surface of the flat face flanges with full face gaskets. In addition, pressure tests were carried out to clarify the sealing performance under the condition of circumferentially non-uniform tightening load in each diameter flat face flange with full face gasket. Based on these test results, minimum flange-tightening bolt axial loads have been summarized to ensure the sealing performance of the flat face bolted flanges with full face gaskets.
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Lassesen, Sjur, and Frank Woll. "Compact Flanged Connections for High Temperature Applications." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1088.

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The Steelproducts Offshore Compact Flange System (SPO CFS) has proven to be an exceptionally good flange design for the oil and gas industry with service temperatures normally ranging from −100°C to +250°C. High reliability, small size and low weight are properties the offshore industry has appreciated. The design relies on a high bolt pre-tension in order to obtain the double sealing capability and the static behavior. For limited temperatures, the high pre-tension can be applied without any risk of loosing the pre-tension when the operating temperature is reached. For high temperatures, the temperature dependent material properties in flange and bolt need to be carefully evaluated and taken into account when designing the connection. Finite element analysis simulating all relevant phases from flange make-up to process start up and shut down have been performed in order to study flange behavior such as bolt tension, flange stresses, and seal contact. Relatively simple analytical equations have been used in order to predict the flange behavior and hence been basis for choosing bolting material, prestress and flange face angle. For process industry dealing with temperatures up to 720°C, it is now possible to use compact flanges. The use of compact flanged connection will first of all increase the reliability of the flanged connection, reducing the need for maintenance.
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Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "Creep Modeling in Bolted Flange Joints." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2621.

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Bolted flanged connections are used extensively in the petrochemical and nuclear industries. Under high temperatures, their leakage tightness behavior is compromised due to the loss of load as a result of creep of not only the gasket material but also the bolt and the flange materials. The relaxation of the bolt load and the corresponding loss of the gasket contact stress are not easy to assess analytically and consequently there is no established design calculation procedure. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical method that is part of the SuperFlange program [1] and is capable of predicting the load relaxation in a bolted joint when subjected to flange, bolt and gasket creep. The proposed method is validated by comparison with 3D FE models of different size flanges. In some cases, the relaxation caused by the flange and bolt materials is shown to be significant.
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Batra, Bharat. "Design of a Large Rectangular Flange." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93020.

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A large rectangular flange (5’ wide × 12.5’ Long) was designed using finite element analysis for a horizontal mixer vessel. The mixer vessel contained a large horizontal agitator with the shaft protruding through the two flat ends of the vessel. The horizontal vessel was split in the middle horizontal plane creating a large rectangular opening to be sealed by the two large rectangular flanges. The size of the flange, the type of gasket, the bolt preload required to obtain a reasonable seal made it a design challenge to design this bolted flange assembly. To start with, an estimate was made based on the calculation of the thickness of the flange using an equivalent circular flange. The finite element analysis of the whole assembly was preformed using the FEA software ANSYS. After several iterations, an acceptable solution was found with acceptable flange and bolt stresses. The seating stress in the gasket was also above the recommended gasket seating stress. Thus, the flanged joint was designed to be in compliance with ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Div-1. The vessel and the bolted flange assembly was successfully fabricated and hydrotested based on this design and it is successfully operating in the field.
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Schaaf, Manfred, and Rainer Zeuss. "Friction Factor Between Gasket and Flange Surface." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85104.

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In December 2013, a new version of EN 1591-1 (1) was issued. Apart from several other modifications, the treatment of external loads was included in this calculation standard for circular bolted flanged joints. In the former standard, only axial forces and bending moments resulting from the piping system were considered; in the new issue lateral forces and shear moments can also be treated. There are two possibilities to counterbalance the lateral forces and the shear moments: firstly by metallic contact of the flanges and secondly by friction between the gasket and the flange surfaces. While the first option cannot occur in the type of flange connection (with a floating gasket between the flanges) covered by EN 1591-1, the lateral displacement of the flanges can only be prevented by friction between the gasket and flange surfaces. Therefore, the friction factor μG was introduced in the calculation procedure. In an informative annex of EN 1591-1 (Annex E), some friction factors are published exemplarily. These factors are based on values published in the German nuclear codes KTA 3201.2 (2) and KTA 3211.2 (3). The origin of these values can’t be retraced anymore. For this reason, it is stated in Annex E that these values are probably very conservative, and that an experimental determination of the factors should be preferentially used. Incidentally, overly conservative friction factors lead to higher required bolt forces to counterbalance the external loads, which may result in an overstressing of the components of the bolted flanged joint. Therefore, the European Sealing Association (ESA) decided to determine generic data for different types of gaskets which could be published in the next revision of EN 1591-1. In this paper the results of this project are presented.
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Kirkemo, Finn. "Structural Capacities of Flanged Joints." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-85088.

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Flanged joints are used in high pressure applications such as process piping, pressure vessels, risers, pipelines and subsea production systems. These flanges are subjected to external loads in addition to pressure. A brief description of high pressure flanges standards is given. Design of high pressure flanged joints are covered in many design codes. A review of allowable stresses, load factors for bolting, flanges and bolt preload requirements has been made for the following codes: ASME VIII-2, ASME VIII-3, ASME B31.3 Chapter IX, API 6A, API 6X, API 17D, API 17TR7, API 17TR8, API 17G, EN 1591-1 and NORSOK U-001. This paper also presents analytically based structural load-capacity (ultimate strength) design equations for flanged joints. The design equations are used to calculate rated working pressure and flange-face separation load-capacity of API 6A type 6BX flanges. Future code recommendations for flange design are provided.
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Reports on the topic "Flange"

1

Kane, S., A. Farland, R. Sabatini, and K. Warburton. RHIC Beam Tube-to-Flange Weld Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119221.

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Ferrante, César A. O., Sebastião A. L. de Andrade, Luciano R. O. de Lima, and Pedro C. G. da S. Vellasco. BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE BEAMS WITH EMBEDDED COMPRESSION FLANGE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.116.

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Precechtel, D. R., and B. K. Schroeder. Multiport riser and flange assemblies acceptance test report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185065.

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Kane, S., J. Koehler, R. Alforque, A. Farland, K. Warburton, and S. Mulhall. RHIC Dipole Beam Tube-to-End Flange Weld Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119194.

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Steele, Susan. Point Load Tests and Flange Reinforcement in Double Tees. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.comp-013.

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Cannell, G. R. Closure Welding Design and Justification for Canister S00645 (Bent Flange). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4838.

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Yeremian, A. Dian. Choke Flange for High Power RF Components Excited by TE01 Mode. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969245.

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Ma, H. W., Y. Zhao, Z. Q. Wan, and J. Hu. PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTIONS WITH EXPANDED FLANGE IN STEEL FRAMES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.067.

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Daumeyer, G. J. Investigation of arc length versus flange thickness while using an arc voltage controller. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104494.

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Wands, R. Finite Element Analysis of G-10 Flange/Board for the CC Feedthrough Box. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1031847.

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