Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flame filament

Academic literature on the topic 'Flame filament'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flame filament"

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Li, Xiang Hong, Jun Ying Zhang, and Jun Ma. "Development of Flame Retardant and Antistatic Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.106.

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Polysulfonamide Aramid 1313 blended siro-spun yarns and silver-coated filament are used to weave flame retardant and antistatic fabrics. The effect of fabric weave and silver-coated filament content on flame retardant property and antistatic property was discussed. Two-factor analysis of variance shows that fabric weave and filament content have little effect on fabric flame retardant property, while they affect fabric antistatic property considerably. Fitting curve of antistatic property and filament content relationship was also established.
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Hwang, Jeo, Dongin Park, Subin Kim, and Dongho Rie. "A Study on the Flame-Retardant Performance of Recycled Paper Building Materials Manufactured by 3D Printer." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2022): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084798.

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The increase in non-face-to-face lifestyles due to COVID-19 worldwide have shown an increase in delivery services. The number of parcels in 2020 was 3.373 billion, an increase of 20.9% from 2.788 billion in 2019. This phenomenon increased delivery box waste. Against this background, this study attempted to develop building materials from the recycling of delivery boxes. In this study, the self-developed WC (wet cellulose) 3D printer confirmed the standardization and uniform performance of the sample by filling the material supply cylinder with cellulose filaments and spraying the composite material through a 10 mm nozzle. The cellulose filament for a WC 3D printer is based on cellulose extracted from wastepaper, and a cellulose filament composite material is used by mixing additives. After manufacturing a specimen using the WC 3D printer, a reliability test for the flame-retardant performance of the material was conducted according to the ISO 11925-2 test method. As a result of the experiment, flame-retardant performance was confirmed at a 40 wt% or greater ceramic binder content. In addition, the WC 3D printer achieved accurate test results by producing specimens with uniform physical properties. In addition, we confirmed that 3D-printed WC can be used to develop customized building materials that can prevent fire spread.
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Goss, L. P., V. Vilimpoc, B. Sarka, and W. F. Lynn. "Thin-Filament Pyrometry: A Novel Thermometry Technique for Combusting Flows." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240226.

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A novel technique is described for making temperature measurements in a combusting flow. The technique, Thin-Filament Pyrometry, is based on the blackbody emission of a small ceramic filament (15 μm), which is introduced into the flow field under study. Because the emission along the entire length of the filament is recorded, the complete spatial temperature distribution is measured. The temporal response of the filament is ∼ 700 Hz under ambient conditions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the technique in a combusting flow, a H2-N2 jet diffusion flame was studied. The evolution of the large-scale buoyancy-driven structures at low Reynolds numbers was followed by this technique.
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GÜNAYDIN, Gizem Karakan, Mine AKGÜN, Ayça GÜRARDA, Erhan Kenan ÇEVEN, and Bülent ASLAN. "INVESTIGATIONOF FRICTION COEFFICIENTOF DRAPERY FABRICS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT RATIO OF FLAME RETARDANT." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.12.

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As the security precautions with respect to new standards for the furnishing textiles in big platforms such as concert, theatre halls have increased, flame retardancy has become one of the vital required property for drapery fabrics. However, those kind of additional treatment processes may lead to some differences in fabric properties such as friction which should be considered for the consumers. This study aims to evaluate the influence of using different ratio of flame retardant chemicals (g/l) on friction coefficient of drapery fabrics. For this purpose, nine types of fabrics composed of three different weft density (9, 11, 13 threads/cm) were selected. The warp yarns were selected as 400/200 denier/filament while the weft yarns were selected as 800 /200 denier/filament textured micro polyester yarns. Three levels for flame retardant (0, 60 and 90 g/l) were determined as the finishing processes. After the dobby fabrics were woven and exposed to finishing treatments; Friction coefficient values were recorded with Labthink Param MXD-02. ANOVA tests were performed in order to evaluate the significant effect of weft density and flame retardant chemical ratio on friction properties of drapery fabrics. Additionally, SNK tests were conducted for the comparison of means of friction values of drapery fabrics produced at different weft density also of the samples treated with different flame retardant chemical ratio. Experimental results revealed that structural parameters and the finishing processes were influential factors on the surface frictional characteristics of the fabrics. It was clearly observed that surface friction coefficients of drapery fabrics decreased due to the flame retardant process.
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Kolibaba, Thomas J., Aman Nigam, Bruce L. Tai, and Jaime C. Grunlan. "Environmentally Benign Flame Retardant Polyamide‐6 Filament for Additive Manufacturing." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 306, no. 9 (July 2, 2021): 2100245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100245.

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Kong, Chengdong, Zhongshan Li, Marcus Aldén, and Andreas Ehn. "Stabilization of a turbulent premixed flame by a plasma filament." Combustion and Flame 208 (October 2019): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.07.002.

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Eskiyapar, E., H. K. Kaynak, H. İ. Çelik, and E. Sarıoğlu. "A STUDY ON ENHANCING THE FLAME RETARDANCY OF POLYPROPYLENE YARN WITH BORON COMPOUNDS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (September 22, 2021): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.22.

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Functional properties such as; water resistance, flame retardancy, antibacterial efficiency etc. are required from textile products. One of the most commonly demanded products among functional textile products is the flame-retardant textiles. In this study, it is aimed to produce polypropylene filament yarn with permanent flame retardancy functionality by adding boron compound, which is Anhydrous disodium tetraborate powder (particle size < 38 micron), to the fiber structure during melt spinning process. In this study two different yarn samples are produced with anhydrous disodium tetraborate content by mass ratios of 2% and 5%. A control polypropylene filament yarn sample is also produced with no additive. By this way, three samples are produced by a conventional BCF polypropylene melt spinning machine with the same production parameters. Then, three knitted fabric samples were produced flat knitting machine. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and vertical flammability tests were applied to the samples. According to results an important level of increase for LOI value is obtained with the sample which has 2% boron compound additive. Nevertheless, there is not a consistent effect of increasing boron content in yarn structure for LOI value. The reason of this situation may be resulted due to the uneven distribution of the boron compound in the yarn structure because of the particle size.
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Li, Helong, Wei Chu, Hongwei Zang, Huailiang Xu, Ya Cheng, and See Leang Chin. "Critical power and clamping intensity inside a filament in a flame." Optics Express 24, no. 4 (February 9, 2016): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.003424.

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Vasiljević, Jelena, Marija Čolović, Ivan Jerman, and Barbara Simončič. "Recent Advances in Production of Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Filament Yarns." TEKSTILEC 61, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2018.61.136-148.

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Patil, Arun Y., N. R. Banapurmath, Sumukh E. P., Manojkumar V. Chitawadagi, T. M. Yunus Khan, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, and Sarfaraz Kamangar. "Multi-Scale Study on Mechanical Property and Strength of New Green Sand (Poly Lactic Acid) as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111823.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) has made inroads in the commercial market segment with many unique characteristics. To list a few, such as tenacity, low flame rate, moisture regain percentage, loss of ignition percentage, combustion heat, UV resistance, elastic recovery, and higher melting point, make PLA a predominant material in the commercial market. This study is an attempt to test the feasibility of PLA’s mechanical property and strength aspects with cement mix. An article published on biodegradability aspects backed up by the essential preliminary strength and physical test results is discussed in detail in this manuscript. The work focuses on the multi-scale study along with mechanical properties and strengths to evaluate the elemental characteristics. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that PLA would hold inclusion into construction applications either in granular form or filament. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) found that PLA in filament form is the best inclusion material for construction applications. However, fiber’s tenacity has to be checked, as currently available filaments in the market do not have high tenacity value. From EDX(Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) reports, 30% inclusion of PLA as a replacement for fine aggregate has constituent members as Calcium carbonate(CaCO3), Silica(SiO2), and Wollastonite (CaK) resulted in the best composition among the rest. FESEM images revealed that proper gradation in size, PLA granular form’s rough surface, or filament form would enhance the mechanical/physical behavior or even PLA’s chemical behavior.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flame filament"

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Menon, Shakti Narayana. "Bifurcation problems in chaotically stirred reaction-diffusion systems." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3685.

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A detailed theoretical and numerical investigation of the behaviour of reactive systems under the influence of chaotic stirring is presented. These systems exhibit stationary solutions arising from the balance between chaotic advection and diffusion. Excessive stirring of such systems results in the termination of the reaction via a saddle-node bifurcation. The solution behaviour of these systems is analytically described using a recently developed nonperturbative, non-asymptotic variational method. This method involves fitting appropriate parameterised test functions to the solution, and also allows us to describe the bifurcations of these systems. This method is tested against numerical results obtained using a reduced one-dimensional reaction-advection-diffusion model. Four one- and two-component reactive systems with multiple homogeneous steady-states are analysed, namely autocatalytic, bistable, excitable and combustion systems. In addition to the generic stirring-induced saddle-node bifurcation, a rich and complex bifurcation scenario is observed in the excitable system. This includes a previously unreported region of bistability characterised by a hysteresis loop, a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and a saddle-node bifurcation arising from propagation failure. Results obtained with the nonperturbative method provide a good description of the bifurcations and solution behaviour in the various regimes of these chaotically stirred reaction-diffusion systems.
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Menon, Shakti Narayana. "Bifurcation problems in chaotically stirred reaction-diffusion systems." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3685.

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Doctor of Philosophy
A detailed theoretical and numerical investigation of the behaviour of reactive systems under the influence of chaotic stirring is presented. These systems exhibit stationary solutions arising from the balance between chaotic advection and diffusion. Excessive stirring of such systems results in the termination of the reaction via a saddle-node bifurcation. The solution behaviour of these systems is analytically described using a recently developed nonperturbative, non-asymptotic variational method. This method involves fitting appropriate parameterised test functions to the solution, and also allows us to describe the bifurcations of these systems. This method is tested against numerical results obtained using a reduced one-dimensional reaction-advection-diffusion model. Four one- and two-component reactive systems with multiple homogeneous steady-states are analysed, namely autocatalytic, bistable, excitable and combustion systems. In addition to the generic stirring-induced saddle-node bifurcation, a rich and complex bifurcation scenario is observed in the excitable system. This includes a previously unreported region of bistability characterised by a hysteresis loop, a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and a saddle-node bifurcation arising from propagation failure. Results obtained with the nonperturbative method provide a good description of the bifurcations and solution behaviour in the various regimes of these chaotically stirred reaction-diffusion systems.
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Oliveira, Marcel Nogueira de. "Sinais ao nível do solo de partículas relativísticas associadas a erupção de um filamento solar no dia 1 de Novembro de 2014." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4019.

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Submitted by Biblioteca do Instituto de Física (bif@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-14T19:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcel N Oliveira_Mestrado_UFF.pdf: 4519413 bytes, checksum: c433d3349c9b78949e508a919bf89ad8 (MD5)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Um filamento solar entrou em erupção no dia 1 de Novembro de 2014, com início às 04:44 UT e uma duração de cerca de três horas, resultando em uma explosão solar (flare) do de classe C2.7. O flare foi associado com o desaparecimento súbito de um grande filamento. O filamento foi ejetado para o espaço, formando um núcleo de uma emissão de massa coronal (CME). A localização da explosão foi na região sudeste do sol (perto da borda oriental do sol), isto significa que a região não é geoefetiva. Uma tempestade de radiação, isto é, partículas energéticas solares (SEP) começaram a chegar à Terra em torno de 14:00 UT, atingindo a condição do nível S1 (menor) na escala NOAA de tempestades de radiação, em 2 de Novembro. Em coincidência com o início da tempestade de radiação S1 (SEP acima de 5 MeV), os telescópios Tupi localizados no IF-UFF, em Niterói – RJ, região que está localizada dentro da Anomalia do Atlântico Sul (SAA) detectou um excesso de múons, originados por partículas (prótons) relativísticas emitidas na explosão solar. Além disso, também foi encontrado em um aumento na intensidade de partículas observado no monitor de nêutrons localizado no Polo Sul. Isto significa que houve uma propagação transversal ao campo magnético interplanetário de partículas energéticas solares. No entanto, mostra-se que a difusão perpendicular sozinha não pode explicar estas observações, é necessária uma combinação com outros processos como uma velocidade muito alta, pelo menos de uma fração dos choques CME, perto do plano da eclíptica.
A solar filament erupted on November the 1st, 2014, started at 04:44 UT with a duration of about 3 hours, resulting in a solar flare of the type C2-7. The flare was associated with the sudden disappearance of a big filament. The filament was ejected to the space, forming the nucleus of a coronal mass ejection (CME). The explosion was localized in the southeast region of the sun (near sun’s oriental border), this means that the region is not geoeffective. A radiation storm i.e solar energetic particles (SEP) started to arrive on Earth around 14:00 UT, reaching the level S1 (minor) condition on the NOAA scale of radiation storms, on November the 2nd. Coinciding with the start of the S1 radiation storm (SEP above 5 MeV), the Tupi telescopes localized in IF-UFF, Niterói – RJ, region that is localized within the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) detected an excess of muons, originated from relativistic particles (protons) emitted on the solar explosion. Furthermore, an increase of the intensity of particles observed on the neutron monitor localized on the south pole. This means that a transversal, to the interplanetary magnetic field, propagation of solar energetic particles occurred. Nonetheless, is shown that the perpendicular diffusion alone can not explain this observations, a combination with other processes is necessary like a very high speed, of at least a fraction of the CME shocks, around the ecliptic plane.
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Yousef, Mohammed A. "Astrostatistics: Statistical Analysis of Solar Activity from 1939 to 2008." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395405508.

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Books on the topic "Flame filament"

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Peter, Struk, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Comparisons of gas-phase temperature measurements in a flame using thin-filament pyrometry and thermocouples. [Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Comparisons of gas-phase temperature measurements in a flame using thin-filament pyrometry and thermocouples. [Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Peter, Struk, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Comparisons of gas-phase temperature measurements in a flame using thin-filament pyrometry and thermocouples. [Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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Peter, Struk, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Comparisons of gas-phase temperature measurements in a flame using thin-filament pyrometry and thermocouples. [Cleveland, Ohio: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Comparisons Of Gas-Phase Temperature Measurements In A Flame Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry And Thermocouples... NASA/TM-2003-212096... National Aeronautics And Space Administration... Feb. 2003. [S.l: s.n., 2003.

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Yust, Jason. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0016.

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I offer the final word on time to György Ligeti:As a small child I once had a dream that I could not get to my cot, to my safe haven, because the whole room was filled with a dense confused tangle of fine filaments. It looked like the web I had seen silkworms fill their box with as they change into pupas. I was caught up in the immense web together with both living things and objects of various kinds—huge moths, a variety of beetles—which tried to get to the flickering flame of the candle in the room; enormous dirty pillows were suspended in this substance, their rotten stuffing hanging out through the slits in the torn covers. There were blobs of fresh mucus, balls of dry mucus, remnants of food all gone cold and other such revolting rubbish. Every time a beetle or a moth moved, the entire web started shaking so that the big, heavy pillows were swinging about, which, in turn, made the web rock harder. Sometimes the different kinds of movements reinforced one another and the shaking became so hard that the web tore in places and a few insects suddenly found themselves free. But their freedom was short-lived, they were soon caught up again in the rocking tangle of filaments, and their buzzing, loud at first, grew weaker and weaker. The succession of these sudden, unexpected events gradually brought about a change in the internal structure, in the texture of the web. In places knots formed, thickening into an almost solid mass, caverns opened up where shreds of the original web were floating about like gossamer. All these changes seemed like an irreversible process, never returning to earlier states again. An indescribable sadness hung over these shifting forms and structure, the hopelessness of passing time and the melancholy of unalterable past events. (Ligeti, from program notes to ...
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Book chapters on the topic "Flame filament"

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Pevtsov, Alexei A., Olga Panasenco, and Sara F. Martin. "Coronal Mass Ejections from Magnetic Systems Encompassing Filament Channels Without Filaments." In Solar Flare Magnetic Fields and Plasmas, 185–201. New York, NY: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3761-1_13.

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Van Hoven, Gerard. "A Unified Treatment of the Filament and Flare Instabilities." In Unstable Current Systems and Plasma Instabilities in Astrophysics, 263–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6520-1_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flame filament"

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Xu, Huailiang, Wei Chu, Helong Li, Jielei Ni, Bin Zeng, Jinping Yao, Haisu Zhang, et al. "Lasing actions in a flame filament." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2015.sm2n.4.

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Sun, Haoliang, Xiaojian Hao, Jia Wang, Bin Tai, and Yangcan Zhao. "Thin filament pyrometry to measurement the butane air flame combustion flame." In Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology VIII, edited by Qionghai Dai, Tsutomu Shimura, and Zhenrong Zheng. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2599688.

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Sauter, M., A. Killinger, A. Grebhardt, and C. Bonten. "High Velocity Flame Spraying (HVOF) of Ceramic – Polymer Composite Filaments." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0432.

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Abstract Thermal spraying of fine and ultrafine powders is realised by a novel method based on highly filled filaments as feedstock material for high velocity oxy fuel flame spraying (HVOF). Hereby, the desired coating material is supplied as finely dispersed powder within a polymer filament. Thus, the polymer works only as a transport medium and is fully decomposed when entering the combustion zone instantly releasing the solid dispersion, similar to the liquid dispersion medium in a suspension. It can work as an appropriate method to process fine and ultrafine powders. The solid nature of the dispersion medium poses several benefits compared to liquids, especially from the manufacturing point of view, since the process is geared to a wire flame spraying method. This work focusses on the challenges and benefits of this novel approach. First experimental results of spraying different filaments are presented.
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Yozgatligil, A., S. H. Park, and M. Y. Choi. "Thin Filament Pyrometry Temperature Measurements in Microgravity Droplet Combustion." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43390.

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Thin filament pyrometry (TFP) temperature measurement technique was implemented for the first time in microgravity ethanol droplet combustion experiments at NASA 2.2s drop tower. This technique was first developed by Vilimpoc and Goss [1] and later used by several researchers in both diffusion and premixed flames [2–4]. The advantages of this technique are related to rapid temporal response and spatially-resolved temperature distribution rather than single point measurements (as in the case with thermocouples). The SiC filament is an ideal material as a temperature probe in a flame due to its low thermal conductivity, high resistance to oxidation and its small size. TFP was implemented in microgravity droplet combustion experiments at NASA 2.2s drop tower. An 8 bit CCD camera was used to record the emission from the SiC fiber that was positioned through the center of the droplet (the fiber is also used to suspend the droplet and keep it in the field view of the camera). The camera is equipped with a lens and a 700 nm interference filter, with a FWHM of 25 nm was placed in front of the camera. Neutral density filters were used in order to obtain unsaturated filament images for the various experimental conditions (oxygen concentration, inert, pressure). A 300 nm plano convex lens was placed in front of the droplet flame in order to improve spatial resolution by magnifying the image. The emission measured by the camera along the location of the filament results from the emission from the filament and the flame in the intervening region between the filament and the camera. Figure 1 displays a schematic from the top of the flame and shows the rays from filament towards the camera and the rays from the medium (gas/soot) in front of the filament towards the camera).
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Sood, Bhanu, and Michael Pecht. "Conductive Filament Formation in Printed Circuit Boards – Effects of Reflow Conditions and Flame Retardants." In ISTFA 2009. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2009p0301.

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Abstract Failures in printed circuit boards account for a significant percentage of field returns in electronic products and systems. Conductive filament formation is an electrochemical process that requires the transport of a metal through or across a nonmetallic medium under the influence of an applied electric field. With the advent of lead-free initiatives, boards are being exposed to higher temperatures during lead-free solder processing. This can weaken the glass-fiber bonding, thus enhancing conductive filament formation. The effect of the inclusion of halogen-free flame retardants on conductive filament formation in printed circuit boards is also not completely understood. Previous studies, along with analysis and examinations conducted on printed circuit boards with failure sites that were due to conductive filament formation, have shown that the conductive path is typically formed along the delaminated fiber glass and epoxy resin interfaces. This paper is a result of a year-long study on the effects of reflow temperatures, halogen-free flame retardants, glass reinforcement weave style, and conductor spacing on times to failure due to conductive filament formation.
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Wu, Hao, Abdullah Kafi, Haewon Kim, Rishabh Shah, Stuart Bateman, and Joseph Koo. "Additive Manufacturing of Flame-retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites Via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)." In SAMPE 2019 - Charlotte, NC. SAMPE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.19.1573.

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Naha, Sayangdev, and Ishwar K. Puri. "Modeling of Structure and Growth Rate of Carbon Nanotubes in Flame Synthesis." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13770.

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Existing literature has focused on experimental investigations of CNT/CNF flame synthesis. However, there are as yet no comprehensive models regarding their formation, growth or structure. Herein, a CNT/CNF growth rate model is proposed that is applicable for any method of CNT/CNF production (although our particular interest lies in flame synthesis in ethylene/air flames). While it is usual for most existing models to consider only a single carbon-carrying gas that contributes towards carbon deposition, our extended model can consider a complex hydrocarbon mixture that can mimic a flame environment. The model shows steady carbon deposition and filament growth occurs once there is a stable carbon cluster size due to nucleation. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the toroidal zone near which most of the CNT growth is observed, is negligible compared to CO concentration.
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Struk, Peter, Daniel Dietrich, Russell Valentine, and Ioan Feier. "Comparisons of Gas-Phase Temperature Measurements in a Flame Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry and Thermocouples." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-853.

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Sturgess, G. J., P. O. Hedman, D. G. Sloan, and D. Shouse. "Aspects of Flame Stability in a Research Dump Combustor." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-496.

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The lean blowout process is studied in a simplified, nominally diffusion flame research combustor that incorporates the essential features of the combustor primary zone for an aircraft gas turbine engine. The research combustor is provided with extensive optical access. To investigate the blowout, a variety of diagnostic techniques are employed, including direct flame observation, laser-Doppler anemometry, spontaneous OH-imaging, thin-filament pyrometry, laser-induced fluorescence OH-imaging, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, and computational fluid dynamics. Lean blowouts in the research combustor are related to well-stirred reactor blowout. A blowout sequence is found to initiated by the loss of a key flame structure in the form of an attached pilot flame. The behavior of this attached flame is investigated. It is concluded that a major contribution to the existence of the attached flame is near-field, non-stationary radial transport of reactants directly into the recirculation zone, rather than by mean flow recirculation of hot products. “Lift” of the attached flame is the reason that lean blowout in the research combustor is related to well-stirred reactor blowout since it allows at least partial premixing of reactants to take place.
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Wang, Guanghua, Carlos Bonilla, and Danielle Kalitan. "Gas Temperature Field Measurement Using Thin-Filament Pyrometry." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25909.

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Thin Filament Pyrometry (TFP) has been proven to be a useful approach to measure hot gas temperature. The TFP technique involves suspending a thin filament (typically a SiC fiber) in hot gas flow path and calculating the gas temperature from the measured thermal radiance of the filament. Comparing to most optical and laser based non-intrusive techniques, the TFP approach offers significant simplicity, reduced cost and relative ease of applicability, especially at high-pressure gas-turbine type conditions. In this study, TFP was employed to measure combustor exit gas temperature distributions in an atmospheric combustion rig simulating a model aero-engine combustor burning Jet-A fuel. Hot gas from the combustor was accelerated through a converging nozzle to achieve high exit velocities. The thermal radiation signal from the glowing fiber was collected by a Near Infrared (NIR) camera outfitted with a band pass filter. The gas temperature profile was calculated by an intensity ratio technique. Two-Dimensional temperature maps were obtained via spatially and temporally scanning the TFP system. Temperature measurements at the combustor exit are reported for various fuel-air ratios at Mach numbers around 0.38. A type-B thermocouple stationed at the centerline of the combustor exit was corrected for radiation effects and used to infer the flame temperature for TFP measurement. The major contributions of the current study to the advancement of the TFP technique for measuring hot gas temperatures are: (1) To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the TFP technique has been used in a liquid fueled combustion system, and (2) The data presented herein were obtained at greater Mach numbers than all previous studies (Ma = 0.38).
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