Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flame behavior

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Flame behavior'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flame behavior"

1

Sugawa, Osami. "Flame Behavior." Japanese journal of science and technology for identification 4, no. 2 (2000): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jasti.4.43.

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Al-Mosawi, Ali I., Mustafa Ahmed Rijab, Ali J. Salaman, Naser A. Alwash, and Naglaa S. Aziz. "Flammability Behavior of Composite Mixed with Retardant Agents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 186 (June 2012): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.186.129.

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The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of zinc borate with antimony trioxide in araldite resin composite have been studied by thermal erosion test . Zinc borate was added first to araldite resin reinforced by hybrid carbon-Kevlar fibers as a surface layer(5mm) thickness .Then, the result composite material was exposed to a direct flame generated from Oxyacetylene torch (3000°C) with different flame exposure intervals (10,20mm), and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate .After that , antimony trioxide was added to zinc borate with various amount(10%,20%,30%) to forming a hybrid flame retardant for enhance the action of this material to react flame . Hybrid retardant exposure to same flame temperature and exposure distances. Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determined the heat transferred to composite material . the best results was obtained with large exposed distance and large percentage from protective layer which is zinc borate with (30%) antimony trioxide .
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Jiang, Xiaozhen, Jingxuan Li, and Lijun Yang. "Nonlinear response of laminar premixed flames to dual-input harmonic disturbances." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 4 (February 1, 2023): 3408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0484.

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In gas turbines, aero-engines and rocket engines, flames are always disturbed by perturbations of dual or multiple harmonic frequencies, resulting in corresponding combustion instability. This paper analyses the nonlinear response of laminar premixed flames to dual-input harmonic disturbances to further understand those associated combustion instability. Nonlinear results of flame dynamics were derived from analytical and numerical solutions of the G-equation. The spatial front-tracking of premixed flames was obtained, where types of nonlinear behaviors were classified and related mechanisms of that were elucidated. A dual-input flame description function (DIFDF) was proposed to separately determine global nonlinearities of flame responses of fundamental and higher harmonics frequencies under dual-input disturbances. The fundamental frequency response consists of linear and nonlinear components, and the higher harmonic frequency one is purely nonlinear. The DIFDF properties of conical and "V" flames were compared, with particular emphasis on their differences in nonlinear behavior. The spatial and global effects of the second input frequency on the flame kinematics perturbed by the first frequency were also clarified. Furthermore, the roles of perturbation amplitude and flame height in spatial flame dynamics and DIFDF were quantified.
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Baker, John, Mark E. Calvert, and David W. Murphy. "Structure and Dynamics of Laminar Jet Micro-Slot Diffusion Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 4 (July 16, 2002): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1482083.

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Results of an experimental investigation into the behavior of laminar jet diffusion flames, produced using micro-slot burner ports, are presented. Under certain conditions, the cross-sectional shape of micro-slot flames is qualitatively similar to the cross-sectional shape of circular burner port flames produced in an environment where molecular diffusion is the primary transport mechanism. An order of magnitude analysis reveals that, over the range of experimental conditions examined, the behavior of the experimentally observed micro-slot flames is not necessarily diffusion-controlled. A comparison of the experimental data with an accepted theoretical model shows that current theoretical models do not accurately predict the experimentally observed flame heights. A theoretical expression for purely diffusion-controlled micro-slot flame height is developed and compared with experimental micro-slot flame data. The region where this theoretical expression is valid is identified through an examination of the diffusion to buoyancy parameter. A qualitative discussion of micro-slot flame structure is also presented.
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Gupta, A. K., M. J. Lewis, and M. Daurer. "Swirl Effects on Combustion Characteristics of Premixed Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (November 15, 2000): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1339987.

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The effect of radial distribution of swirl has been examined on the thermal behavior of two different premixed flames using a double concentric premixed swirl burner. The double concentric swirl burner allowed systematic variation in the radial distribution of swirl (both co- and counter-) between the inner and outer annulus of the burner. The burner had two annular jets and a central nozzle. Information on the thermal field in two flames formed by co- or counter-swirl in the outer annulus and co-swirl in the inner annulus has been examined. Specifically mean and fluctuating temperatures, integral and micro thermal time scales, and probability density distribution of temperatures have been determined at various spatial positions in the flames. The micro-thermocouple output was compensated to provide high-frequency (about 1 kHz) response of the thermocouple. Direct flame photographs were taken to provide information about the global features of flames and flame stability. The global and thermal characteristic data presented here provided a complete insight on the thermal behavior of co- and counter-swirl flames. The results show that the direction of swirl (co- or counter-) used to stabilize a flame from annular jets provides a great influence on flame symmetry. The simultaneous combination of co- and counter-swirl in the burner showed a very nonsymmetrical behavior of the flame. The global and thermal data presented here confirmed these findings. The results suggest significant effect of co- and counter-swirl distribution in flames on the NOx emission levels.
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Gupta, A. K., S. Bolz, and T. Hasegawa. "Effect of Air Preheat Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on Flame Structure and Emission." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795984.

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The structure of turbulent diffusion flames with highly preheated combustion air (air preheat temperature in excess of 1150°C) has been obtained using a specially designed regenerative combustion furnace. Propane gas was used as the fuel. Data have been obtained on the global flame features, spectral emission characteristics, spatial distribution of OH, CH, and C2 species, and pollutant emission from the flames. The results have been obtained for various degrees of air preheat temperatures and O2 concentration in the air. The color of the flame was found to change from yellow to blue to bluish-green to green over the range of conditions examined. In some cases a hybrid color flame was also observed. The recorded images of the flame photographs were analyzed using color-analyzing software. The results show that thermal and chemical flame behavior strongly depends on the air preheat temperature and oxygen content in the air. The flame color was observed to be bluish-green or green at very high air preheat temperatures and low-oxygen concentration. However, at high-oxygen concentration, the flame color was yellow. The flame volume was found to increase with increase in air-preheat temperature and decrease in oxygen concentration. The flame length showed a similar behavior. The concentrations of OH, CH, and C2 increased with an increase in air preheat temperatures. These species exhibited a two-stage combustion behavior at low-oxygen concentration and single-stage combustion behavior at high-oxygen concentration in the air. Stable flames were obtained for remarkably low equivalence ratios, which would not be possible with normal combustion air. Pollutant emission, including CO2 and NOx, was much lower with highly preheated combustion air at low O2 concentration than with normal air. The results also suggest uniform flow and flame thermal characteristics with conditioned, highly preheated air. Highly preheated air combustion provides much higher heat flux than normal air, which suggests direct energy savings and a reduction of CO2 to the environment. Colorless oxidation of fuel has been observed under certain conditions.
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Martin, Jan, Michael Börner, Justin Hardi, Dmitry Suslov, and Michael Oschwald. "Experimental Investigation of Flame Anchoring Behavior in a LOX/LNG Rocket Combustor." Aerospace 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060542.

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Hot fire tests of a multi-injector research combustor were performed with liquid-oxygen and liquefied-natural-gas (LOX/LNG) propellants at chamber pressures from 30 up to 67 bar, hence at conditions similar to an upper stage rocket engine. Within these tests shear coaxial injectors were tested with and without a recessed LOX post. In both configurations, operating conditions with flames anchored at the LOX post tip and thus, if available, pre-combustion in the recess volume as well as lifted flames were observed. Flame anchoring was indirectly detected via acoustic measurements, using mean speed of sound to indicate the presence of flame in the head end of the combustion chamber. While the injector without recess showed only stable combustion irrespective of the flame anchoring behavior, the recessed injector featured short-lived bursts of oscillatory combustion and sustained combustion instabilities. Analysis of the test data showed that stable flame anchoring could not be ensured at momentum flux ratios below 20 for a non-recessed and below 45 for a recessed injector.
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Bohn, D., G. Deutsch, and U. Kru¨ger. "Numerical Predication of the Dynamic Behavior of Turbulent Diffusion Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818458.

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Environmental compatibility requires low-emission burners for gas turbine power plants as well as for jet engines. In the Past, significant progress has been made developing low NOx and CO burners. Unfortunately, these burners often have a more pronounced tendency than conventional burner designs to produce combustion driven oscillations. The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that pronounced pulsation may possibly occur; this is associated with a risk of engine failure. The stability of a burner system can be investigated by means of a stability analysis under the assumption of acoustical behavior. The problem with all these algorithms is the transfer function of the flame. A new method is presented here to predict the dynamic flame behavior by means of a full Navier-Stokes simulation of the complex combustion process. The first step is to get a steady-state solution of a flame configuration. After that a transient simulation follows with a sudden change in the mass flow rate at the flame inlet. The time-dependent answer of the flame to this disturbance is then transformed into the frequency space by a Laplace Transformation. This leads, in turn, to the frequency response representing the dynamic behavior of the flame. In principle, this method can be adapted for both diffusion as well as premixed flame systems. However, due to the fact that diffusion flames are more controlled by the mixing process than by the chemical kinetic, the method has first been used for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of turbulent diffusion flames. The combustion has been modelled by a mixed-is-burnt model. The influence of the turbulence has been taken into account by a modified k-ε model and the turbulence influences the combustion rate by presumed probability density functions (pdf). The steady state as well as the transient results have been compared with experimental data for two different diffusion flame configurations. Although the burner configuration is relatively complex, the steady-state results collaborate very well with the experiments for velocity, temperature, and species distribution. The most important result is that the heat release that drives the oscillations can be modeled sufficiently accurately. The effect of using different pdf models has been discussed and the best model has been used for the transient calculations of the dynamic flame behavior. The results for the frequency response of the flame are very encouraging. The principal behavior of the flame—higher order time element with a delay time—can be predicted with sufficient precision. In addition, the qualitative results collaborate fairly well with the experiments.
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Yakush, Sergey, Oleg Semenov, and Maxim Alexeev. "Premixed Propane–Air Flame Propagation in a Narrow Channel with Obstacles." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031516.

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Flame interaction with obstacles can affect significantly its behavior due to flame front wrinkling, changes in the flame front surface area, and momentum and heat losses. Experimental and theoretical studies in this area are primarily connected with flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition. This work is devoted to studying laminar flames propagating in narrow gaps between closely spaced parallel plates (Hele–Shaw cell) in the presence of internal obstacles separating the rectangular channel in two parts (closed and open to the atmosphere) connected by a small hole. The focus of the research is on the penetration of flames through the hole to the adjacent channel part. Experiments are performed for fuel-rich propane–air mixtures; combustion is initiated by spark ignition near the far end of the closed volume. Additionally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the details of flame behavior prior to and after penetration into the adjacent space. The results obtained may be applicable to various microcombustors; they are also relevant to fire and explosion safety where flame propagation through leakages may promote fast fire spread.
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Lipatnikov, Andrei, Shinnosuke Nishiki, and Tatsuya Hasegawa. "Closure Relations for Fluxes of Flame Surface Density and Scalar Dissipation Rate in Turbulent Premixed Flames." Fluids 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010043.

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In this study, closure relations for total and turbulent convection fluxes of flame surface density and scalar dissipation rate were developed (i) by placing the focus of consideration on the flow velocity conditioned to the instantaneous flame within the mean flame brush and (ii) by considering the limiting behavior of this velocity at the leading and trailing edges of the flame brush. The model was tested against direct numerical simulation (DNS) data obtained from three statistically stationary, one-dimensional, planar, premixed turbulent flames associated with the flamelet regime of turbulent burning. While turbulent fluxes of flame surface density and scalar dissipation rate, obtained in the DNSs, showed the countergradient behavior, the model predicted the total fluxes reasonably well without using any tuning parameter. The model predictions were also compared with results computed using an alternative closure relation for the flame-conditioned velocity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flame behavior"

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Moore, Nancy Jennings. "Effects of Leading-Edge Flame Behavior on Flame Stabilization and Blowout." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10012009-135737/.

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The goal of this work was to identify the mechanisms that effect stabilization of hydrocarbon jet flames. Methane, nitrogen, and co-flowing air were regulated and directed through a burner that created fully-developed fuel flow with concurrent air. The behavior of the reaction zone at the leading-edge was analyzed from digital images obtained from a camera optimally positioned to capture the movements of the entire flame front. Low Reynolds number flows allowed for the investigation of hysteretic behavior. The hysteresis regime refers to the situation where the jet flame has dual positions favorable to flame stabilization: attached and lifted. Results indicate that flame height in hysteresis is significantly impacted by high velocities of co-flow and that past a critical value a local minimum will be created. Fully turbulent lifted flames were also studied to determine the fluctuations in the height of lifted methane flames in the presence of air co-flow. The partially-premixed flame front of the lifted flame fluctuates in the axial direction, with the fluctuations becoming greater in flames stabilized further downstream. These fluctuations are also observed in flames where blowout is imminent. The height and rate of these fluctuations are studied with respect to average height, flow velocities, and Reynolds number. Additionally, the mechanisms that cause jet-flame blowout, particularly in the presence of air co-flow, are not completely understood. Two types of experiments are described, and the data report that a predictor of blowout is the prior disappearance of the axially-oriented flame branch which is consistently witnessed despite a turbulent flameâs inherent variable behavior. The conclusions are supported by experiments with nitrogen-diluted flames. A blowout parameter is also calculated for methane flames in co-flow and diluted methane flames that can be used to predict at what flow velocities blowout will occur. This work analyzes flames near the burner, in the far field, and approaching blowout. The comprehensive study allows for the realization that the mechanisms of flame stabilization differ throughout the combustible field.
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Li, Qian. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF FIRE BEHAVIOR BETWEEN TWO INCLINED PANELS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560241654377726.

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Howard, Randall E. "Acoustical behavior of a turbulent, ducted, premixed, hydrogen- flame burner." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91121.

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The acoustic source structure, acoustic farfield, and duct terminating impedances fully describe the acoustics of a source within a duct. A main goal in the study of noise generated by turbulent combustion is to characterize the structure of the flame as an acoustic source. Data describing the farfield and duct terminating conditions allow for the testing of combustion noise models. The acoustic farfield of a premixed flame burner is documented for various power levels and air-to-fuel ratios. The terminating impedance of the burner exhaust is determined by a method using the transfer function between two microphones that communicate with the acoustic field inside the duct. High temperature probes isolate the microphones from extreme temperatures within the duct while only slightly distorting the results. The real part of the terminating impedance agrees with a correlation in the literature for hot flow leaving a duct.
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加藤, 敏宏, Toshihiro KATOH, 直樹 林, Naoki HAYASHI, 博史 山下, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, 祐二 中村, Yuji NAKAMURA, 和弘 山本, and Kazuhiro YAMAMOTO. "二次元非定常予混合火炎に関する素反応機構による数値解析 (予混合火炎構造を支配する物質量としての反応進行度とその勾配の妥当性)." 日本機械学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9362.

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Adam, Brittany A. "INCORPORATING DYNAMIC FLAME BEHAVIOR INTO THE SCALING LAWS OF WILDLAND FIRE SPREAD." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/54.

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A challenge for fire researchers is obtaining data from those fires that are most dangerous and costly. While it is feasible to instrument test beds, test plots, and small prescribed burns for research, it is uncommon to successfully instrument an active wildland fire. With a focus on very specific facets of wildland fire, researchers have created many unique models utilizing matchsticks, cardboard, liquid fuel, excelsior, plywood, live fuels, dead fuels, and wood cribs of different packing densities. Such scale models, however, only serve as valid substitutes for the full-scale system when all functional relations of the scale model are made similar to corresponding relations of the original phenomena. The field of study of large wildland fires therefore was in need of a framework that researchers could use to relate the results from many previous experiments to full-scale wildland fires; this framework was developed during the research for this dissertation. This further work developing laws for instability scaling in wildland settings was founded on the established work in dynamic similitude of G.I. Taylor, H. C. Hottel, F. A. Williams, R. I. Emori, K. Saito and Y. Iguchi. Additionally, in this work, a new dynamic flame parameter was incorporated into the scaling laws for fires that had not previously been assessed and proved to provide additional, important insight into flame spread. The new dynamic parameter enabled improved St-Fr correlations and was established for a wide range of fire sizes and fuel types.
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Kim, Dong-Hyun. "A Study for Surface Fire Behavior and Flame Spread Model in Forest Fire." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120907.

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YAMASHITA, Hiroshi. "Numerical Study on NOx Production of Transitional Fuel Jet Diffusion Flame." The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8999.

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YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro, Naoki HAYASHI, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, Kazuki NONOMURA, 和弘 山本, 直樹 林, 博史 山下, and 一樹 野々村. "非定常対向流予混合火炎の火炎構造に与える流入速度変動の影響に関する数値解析." 一般社団法人 日本機械学会, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19801.

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Lee, Yong-Joon. "Structure-property behavior of novel high performance thermoplastic and thermoset structural adhesives and composite matrix resins." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-162715/.

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林, 直樹, Naoki HAYASHI, 博史 山下, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, 祐二 中村, Yuji NAKAMURA, 和弘 山本, and Kazuhiro YAMAMOTO. "反応進行度とその勾配による非定常対向流予混合火炎の火炎構造の整理." 日本機械学会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9363.

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Books on the topic "Flame behavior"

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A, Strehlow Roger, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. The behavior of fuel-lean premixed flames in a standard flammability limit tube under controlled gravity conditions. Urbana, Ill: Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, 1986.

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A, Strehlow Roger, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. The behavior of fuel-lean premixed flames in a standard flammability limit tube under controlled gravity conditions. Urbana, Ill: Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, 1986.

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A, Strehlow Roger, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The behavior of fuel-lean premixed flames in a standard flammability limit tube under controlled gravity conditions. Urbana, Ill: Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Dept., University of Illinois, 1986.

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Wilson, Ralph A. A theoretical basis for modeling probability distributions of fire behavior. Ogden, UT (324 25th St., Ogden 84401): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Principles of fire behavior. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1998.

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Scott, Joe H. Nomographs for estimating surface fire behavior characteristics. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2007.

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J, Ghosn Louis, Miller Robert A. 1947-, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Effect of layer-graded bond coats on edge stress concentration and oxidation behavior of thermal barrier coatings. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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J, Ghosn Louis, Miller Robert A. 1947-, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Effect of layer-graded bond coats on edge stress concentration and oxidation behavior of thermal barrier coatings. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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J, Ghosn Louis, Miller Robert A. 1947-, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Effect of layer-graded bond coats on edge stress concentration and oxidation behavior of thermal barrier coatings. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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F, Clarke J. Dynamic behaviour of combustible gases between a shock wave and a following flame. Cranfield, U.K: College of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flame behavior"

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Aseeva, Roza, Boris Serkov, and Andrey Sivenkov. "Flame Propagation on Timber Surface." In Fire Behavior and Fire Protection in Timber Buildings, 139–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7460-5_6.

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Chemnitz, Alexander, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "Calculation of the Thermoacoustic Stability of a Main Stage Thrust Chamber Demonstrator." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 235–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_15.

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Abstract The stability behavior of a virtual thrust chamber demonstrator with low injection pressure loss is studied numerically. The approach relies on an eigenvalue analysis of the Linearized Euler Equations. An updated form of the stability prediction procedure is outlined, addressing mean flow and flame response calculations. The acoustics of the isolated oxidizer dome are discussed as well as the complete system incorporating dome and combustion chamber. The coupling between both components is realized via a scattering matrix representing the injectors. A flame transfer function is applied to determine the damping rates. Thereby it is found that the procedure for the extraction of the flame transfer function from the CFD solution has a significant impact on the stability predictions.
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Wang, Mingfu, Facheng Liu, Qin Wang, and Xuesong Ma. "Ablation Behavior of ZrB2 /SiC Composite by Oxyacetylene Flame." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 535–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118932995.ch61.

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Takeno, T., S. Ishizuka, M. Nishioka, and J. D. Buckmaster. "Extinction Behavior of a Tubular Flame for Small Lewis Numbers." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 302–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83224-6_24.

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Kandola, B. K., D. Price, G. J. Milnes, A. Da Silva, F. Gao, and R. Nigmatullin. "Characterization of Melt Dripping Behavior of Flame Retarded Polypropylene Nanocomposites." In ACS Symposium Series, 311–25. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1118.ch021.

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Gairola, Sandeep, Shishir Sinha, and Inderdeep Singh. "Thermal and Flame Retardancy Behavior of Eggshell Filler Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 201–6. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1971-0_30.

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Eljarrat, E., and D. Barceló. "Occurrence and Behavior of Brominated Flame Retardants in the Llobregat River Basin." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 135–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_139.

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Sun, Jinhua, and Lin Jiang. "Thermal Analysis and Flame Spread Behavior of Building-Used Thermal Insulation Materials." In Fire Science and Technology 2015, 45–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_5.

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Eljarrat, E., D. Raldúa, and D. Barceló. "Origin, Occurrence, and Behavior of Brominated Flame Retardants in the Ebro River Basin." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 167–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2010_70.

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Razali, Mohd Azahari, Azwan Sapit, Akmal Nizam Mohammed, Mohd Faisal Hushim, Azmahani Sadikin, Md Norrizam Mohmad Ja’at, Hazahir Peraman, and Mirnah Suardi. "Flame Spread Behavior over Kenaf Fabric, Polyester Fabric, and Kenaf/Polyester Combined Fabric." In Engineering Applications for New Materials and Technologies, 67–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72697-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flame behavior"

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Sriwardani, Nyenyep, and Basori. "Flame behavior, emission and mitigation." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION CONFERENCES (IMEEEC 2016). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965735.

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Mukaiyama, Kenji, and Kazunori Kuwana. "Influence of Flame Front Instability on Flame Propagation Behavior." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44223.

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This paper discusses flame acceleration due to flame instability mechanisms. In particular, the diffusive-thermal instability and hydrodynamic instability mechanisms are considered. The Sivashinsky equation is used to compute two-dimensional flame propagation behaviors, and the influence of each instability mechanism is separately considered. The effect of flame size on flame speed (accelerated due to the instability mechanisms) is particularly investigated. It is found that the flame propagation velocity (Vf) is independent of flame size under the influence of diffusive-thermal instability, whereas Vf increases with flame size under the influence of hydrodynamic instability. The fractal nature of the flame under the influence of hydrodynamic instability is confirmed based on the dependence of Vf on flame size. Fractal dimension is then calculated as a function of volume expansion ratio, the parameter that controls the hydrodynamic instability mechanism. An FFT analysis is conducted to further understand the flame’s fractal structure.
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Wason, Amit, William Carnell, Meghan Quinn, and Michael Renfro. "Lift-off Behavior and Flame Structure of Interacting Edge Flames." In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-141.

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Han, Suh Joon. "Flame Retardant Behavior of Cable Compound with Graphene." In 2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic.2018.8481096.

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Park, Jeong, Sun Ho Park, Min Suk Cha, and Suk Ho Chung. "Effect of DC Electric Fields on Flame Spread Over Twin Electrical Wires." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4693.

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Abstract The effect of DC electric field on the behaviors of spreading flame over polyethylene (PE)-insulated twin electrical wires was investigated by varying the wire gap (S) and voltage (VDC). The twin flame spreads with the same flame spread rate (FSR) independently when no electric field is applied. With an applied DC electric field, the twin flame interacts such that FSR, flame width, and the leaning direction of interacting twin flames vary appreciably. The spread rate for wire flame with negative voltage (SF–) was larger than that with positive voltage (SF+) during transient period and then the two became the same in a developed region (a quasi-steady spread). Such a flame behavior could be grouped into two: twin flame spread (regime I) and single flame spread (regime II) after the extinction of SF+. Each regime could be categorized into three sub-regimes depending on S and VDC. For small VDC, the flame leaned toward the burnt wire, reducing FSR. With further increasing VDC, FSR increased due to the ionic wind effect and then decreased via the mass loss of molten PE. These non-monotonic behavior of FSR with DC voltage can be attributed the behaviors of molten PE, exhibiting dripping, electrospray, and di-electrophoresis phenomena. For further increased voltage, the flames were extinguished by streamer generation and an electrical short occurred at excessive voltages.
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Kusakai, Takafumi, and Satoshi Kadowaki. "Numerical Simulation on the Instability of Cylindrically Expanding Premixed Flames With Radiative Heat Loss at Low Lewis Numbers." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44181.

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The instability of cylindrically expanding premixed flames with radiative heat loss was studied by two-dimensional unsteady calculations of reactive gases, based on the diffusive-thermal model equation. When the Lewis number was unity, instability phenomena were not observed. When the Lewis number was sufficiently low, on the other hand, cellular-shaped fronts on adiabatic and non-adiabatic cylindrical flames were observed, which was due to diffusive-thermal instability. As radiative heat loss increased, the behavior of cellular fronts became more unstable. This indicated that the radiation promoted the unstable behavior of flame fronts at low Lewis numbers. When radiative heat loss was much large compared with the quenching condition of a planar flame, cylindrical flames were broken up and several small flames appeared. This was in qualitative agreement with the experimental results on the dynamic behavior of lean hydrogen-air premixed flames with radiative heat loss under the low gravity condition. Several small flames appeared on the grounds that large curvature of flame fronts was necessary to keep high temperature against radiative heat loss.
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Gentemann, A., C. Hirsch, K. Kunze, F. Kiesewetter, T. Sattelmayer, and W. Polifke. "Validation of Flame Transfer Function Reconstruction for Perfectly Premixed Swirl Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53776.

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The introduction of lean premix combustion increases the susceptibility of the combustor to thermoacoustic instabilities. To control these instabilities, information about the dynamic behavior of the combustion process is necessary. The flame transfer function offers one possibility to describe the dynamic behavior of the combustion process. It relates velocity fluctuations through the burner to an overall heat release fluctuation caused by the flame. As the transfer function for turbulent premix swirl flames can not be derived accurately from first principles, an alternative approach is needed. This paper introduces and validates a method, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to reconstruct flame transfer functions. A transient simulation of the turbulent reacting flow is performed with broad band excitation of the flow variables on the boundaries. On the basis of the resulting time series for velocity and heat release, the transfer function of the flame is reconstructed by application of a system identification procedure based on the Wiener-Hopf equation. This method is applied to a lean perfectly premixed swirl burner. The resulting transfer function is validated with experimental data up to frequencies of f = 400 Hz. Good qualitative agreement is observed between the two approaches. Remarkably, the absolute value of the flame transfer function (the ‘gain’ of the flame) is found to be larger than unity over a range of frequencies, even though fluctuations of heat release and velocity are normalized with their mean flow values. To gain insight into this phenomenon, the dynamic behavior of the flame is investigated in detail. This concerns in particular the interaction of velocity, heat release fluctuations, the swirl number, and fluctuations of flame position and shape. Instead of broad band excitation, single frequency excitation is applied on the boundary for these investigations. It is found that swirl number fluctuations are convected into the flame. At the frequency where the wavelength of those fluctuations agrees with the length scale of the flame, unburned gases accumulate in the combustor. The excess heat is released periodically, which causes the overshoot in the absolute value of the flame transfer function.
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Dineff, Peter, Ivaylo Ivanov, Dilyana Gospodinova, and Lucien Veleva Muleshkova. "Thermal behavior criteria of flame retarded wood obtained by simultaneous thermal analysis: III. Thermal behavior criteria of plasma-aided flame retardancy." In 2014 18th International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus and Technologies (SIELA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siela.2014.6871850.

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Ax, Holger, Ulrich Stopper, Wolfgang Meier, Manfred Aigner, and Felix Gu¨the. "Experimental Analysis of the Combustion Behavior of a Gas Turbine Burner by Laser Measurement Techniques." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59171.

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Experimental results from optical and laser spectroscopic measurements on a scaled industrial gas turbine (GT) burner at elevated pressure are presented. Planar laser induced fluorescence on the OH radical and OH* chemiluminescence imaging were applied to natural gas/air flames for a qualitative analysis of the position and shape of the flame brush, the flame front and the stabilization mechanism. The results exhibit two different ways of flame stabilization, a conical more stable flame and a pulsating opened flame. For quantitative results, 1D-laser Raman scattering was applied to these flames and evaluated on an average and single shot basis in order to simultaneously determine the major species concentrations, the mixture fraction and the temperature. The mixing of fuel and air as well as the reaction progress could thus be spatially and temporally resolved, showing differently strong variations depending on the flame stabilization mode and the location in the flame.
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Jiang, Guo, Kai Liao, Juan-Juan Han, De-Xian Feng, and Han-Xiong Huang. "Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38052.

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Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.
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Reports on the topic "Flame behavior"

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Enomoto, Hiroshi, Shogo Kunioka, and Noboru Hieda. Behavior of Small Fuel Droplet near Butane Diffusion Flame. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9123.

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Krasny, John F., and Dingyi Huang. Small flame ignitability and flammability behavior of upholstered furniture materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3771.

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Kuo, Kenneth K., and Pete Ferrara. Flame Spreading and Combustion Behavior of Gun Propellants Packed in High Loading Densities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426407.

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Zhao, Jing-yi, Zi-xiang Zhan, Meng-juan Lu, Fang-biao Tao, De Wu, and Hui Gao. A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0083.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to collect published or unpublished related studies systematically and comprehensively, and screen out the articles that meets the quality standards for qualitative combination, so as to draw a relatively reliable comprehensive conclusion on the relationship of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.
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Linker, Taylor, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-18204-R02 Variable Fuel Effects on Legacy Compressor Engines Phase V Engine Control Enhancement. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011729.

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Variations in natural gas composition not only change bulk properties like heating value and adiabatic flame temperature, but also affect the reactivity of the gas during combustion in legacy compressor engines. Gas blends with high amounts of non-methane hydrocarbons are more reactive and alter combustion phasing in ways which can negatively affect engine operation and NOx emissions. These issues have and will continue to become more prevalent as natural gas production continually shifts towards shale resources. This work investigates the impacts of changing fuel composition on engine operation and emissions, as well as on fundamental fuel properties. Several fuel sweep datasets from different legacy engines are used to help draw broad conclusions about the impact of fuel speciation depending on engine type and operating condition. Further, the relationship between this engine behavior and fundamental fuel properties is explored. The response of engine operation and emissions to changing fuel reactivity is also observed in the context of the trapped equivalence ratio control method. A correction to the method which accounts for fuel reactivity effects on NOx is proposed and assessed with available data.
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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.

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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.
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