Relevant bibliographies by topics / Flagellar motility

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Academic literature on the topic 'Flagellar motility'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Flagellar motility"

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Nakamura, Shuichi, and Tohru Minamino. "Flagella-Driven Motility of Bacteria." Biomolecules 9, no. 7 (July 14, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9070279.

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The bacterial flagellum is a helical filamentous organelle responsible for motility. In bacterial species possessing flagella at the cell exterior, the long helical flagellar filament acts as a molecular screw to generate thrust. Meanwhile, the flagella of spirochetes reside within the periplasmic space and not only act as a cytoskeleton to determine the helicity of the cell body, but also rotate or undulate the helical cell body for propulsion. Despite structural diversity of the flagella among bacterial species, flagellated bacteria share a common rotary nanomachine, namely the flagellar motor, which is located at the base of the filament. The flagellar motor is composed of a rotor ring complex and multiple transmembrane stator units and converts the ion flux through an ion channel of each stator unit into the mechanical work required for motor rotation. Intracellular chemotactic signaling pathways regulate the direction of flagella-driven motility in response to changes in the environments, allowing bacteria to migrate towards more desirable environments for their survival. Recent experimental and theoretical studies have been deepening our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the flagellar motor. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the bacterial flagellum.
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Yen, Jiun Y., Katherine M. Broadway, and Birgit E. Scharf. "Minimum Requirements of Flagellation and Motility for Infection of Agrobacterium sp. Strain H13-3 by Flagellotropic Bacteriophage 7-7-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 20 (August 3, 2012): 7216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01082-12.

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ABSTRACTThe flagellotropic phage 7-7-1 specifically adsorbs toAgrobacteriumsp. strain H13-3 (formerlyRhizobium lupiniH13-3) flagella for efficient host infection. TheAgrobacteriumsp. H13-3 flagellum is complex and consists of three flagellin proteins: the primary flagellin FlaA, which is essential for motility, and the secondary flagellins FlaB and FlaD, which have minor functions in motility. Using quantitative infectivity assays, we showed that absence of FlaD had no effect on phage infection, while absence of FlaB resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in infectivity. AflaAdeletion strain, which produces straight and severely truncated flagella, experienced a significantly reduced infectivity, similar to that of aflaB flaDstrain, which produces a low number of straight flagella. A strain lacking all three flagellin genes is phage resistant. In addition to flagellation, flagellar rotation is required for infection. A strain that is nonmotile due to an in-frame deletion in the gene encoding the motor component MotA is resistant to phage infection. We also generated two strains with point mutations in themotAgene resulting in replacement of the conserved charged residue Glu98, which is important for modulation of rotary speed. A change to the neutral Gln caused the flagellar motor to rotate at a constant high speed, allowing a 2.2-fold-enhanced infectivity. A change to the positively charged Lys caused a jiggly motility phenotype with very slow flagellar rotation, which significantly reduced the efficiency of infection. In conclusion, flagellar number and length, as well as speed of flagellar rotation, are important determinants for infection by phage 7-7-1.
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Rabaan, Ali A., Ioannis Gryllos, Juan M. Tomás, and Jonathan G. Shaw. "Motility and the Polar Flagellum Are Required for Aeromonas caviae Adherence to HEp-2 Cells." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 4257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.7.4257-4267.2001.

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ABSTRACT Aeromonas caviae is increasingly being recognized as a cause of gastroenteritis, especially among the young. The adherence of aeromonads to human epithelial cells in vitro has been correlated with enteropathogenicity, but the mechanism is far from well understood. Initial investigations demonstrated that adherence of A. caviae to HEp-2 cells was significantly reduced by either pretreating bacterial cells with an antipolar flagellin antibody or by pretreating HEp-2 cells with partially purified flagella. To precisely define the role of the polar flagellum in aeromonad adherence, we isolated the A. caviae polar flagellin locus and identified five polar flagellar genes, in the order flaA, flaB, flaG, flaH, and flaJ. Each gene was inactivated using a kanamycin resistance cartridge that ensures the transcription of downstream genes, and the resulting mutants were tested for motility, flagellin expression, and adherence to HEp-2 cells. N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mutant analysis, and Western blotting demonstrated that A. caviae has a complex flagellum filament composed of two flagellin subunits encoded by flaAand flaB. The predicted molecular mass of both flagellins was ∼31,700 Da; however, their molecular mass estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was ∼35,500 Da. This aberrant migration was thought to be due to their glycosylation, since the proteins were reactive in glycosyl group detection assays. Single mutations in either flaA orflaB did not result in loss of flagella but did result in decreased motility and adherence by approximately 50%. Mutation offlaH, flaJ, or both flagellin genes resulted in the complete loss of motility, flagellin expression, and adherence. However, mutation of flaG did not affect motility but did significantly reduce the level of adherence. Centrifugation of the flagellate mutants (flaA, flaB, and flaG) onto the cell monolayers did not increase adherence, whereas centrifugation of the aflagellate mutants (flaH, flaJ, and flaA flaB) increased adherence slightly. We conclude that maximum adherence of A. caviae to human epithelial cells in vitro requires motility and optimal flagellar function.
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Campodónico, Victoria L., Nicolás J. Llosa, Martha Grout, Gerd Döring, Tomás Maira-Litrán, and Gerald B. Pier. "Evaluation of Flagella and Flagellin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Vaccines." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 2 (December 7, 2009): 746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00806-09.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious pathogen in hospitalized, immunocompromised, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa is motile via a single polar flagellum made of polymerized flagellin proteins differentiated into two major serotypes: a and b. Antibodies to flagella delay onset of infection in CF patients, but whether immunity to polymeric flagella and that to monomeric flagellin are comparable has not been addressed, nor has the question of whether such antibodies might negatively impact Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) activation, an important component of innate immunity to P. aeruginosa. We compared immunization with flagella and that with flagellin for in vitro effects on motility, opsonic killing, and protective efficacy using a mouse pneumonia model. Antibodies to flagella were superior to antibodies to flagellin at inhibiting motility, promoting opsonic killing, and mediating protection against P. aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. Protection against the flagellar type strains PAK and PA01 was maximal, but it was only marginal against motile clinical isolates from flagellum-immunized CF patients who nonetheless became colonized with P. aeruginosa. Purified flagellin was a more potent activator of TLR5 than were flagella and also elicited higher TLR5-neutralizing antibodies than did immunization with flagella. Antibody to type a but not type b flagella or flagellin inhibited TLR5 activation by whole bacterial cells. Overall, intact flagella appear to be superior for generating immunity to P. aeruginosa, and flagellin monomers might induce antibodies capable of neutralizing innate immunity due to TLR5 activation, but solid immunity to P. aeruginosa based on flagellar antigens may require additional components beyond type a and type b proteins from prototype strains.
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Arora, Shiwani K., Alice N. Neely, Barbara Blair, Stephen Lory, and Reuben Ramphal. "Role of Motility and Flagellin Glycosylation in the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burn Wound Infections." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 7 (July 2005): 4395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.7.4395-4398.2005.

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ABSTRACT In this study, we tested the contribution of flagellar motility, flagellin structure, and its glycosylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa using genetically defined flagellar mutants. All mutants and their parent strains were tested in a burned-mouse model of infection. Motility and glycosylation of the flagellum appear to be important determinants of flagellar-mediated virulence in this model. This is the first report where genetically defined flagellar variants of P. aeruginosa were tested in the burned-mouse model of infection.
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Kim, Yun-Kyeong, and Linda L. McCarter. "Analysis of the Polar Flagellar Gene System ofVibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 3693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.13.3693-3704.2000.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus has dual flagellar systems adapted for locomotion under different circumstances. A single, sheathed polar flagellum propels the swimmer cell in liquid environments. Numerous unsheathed lateral flagella move the swarmer cell over surfaces. The polar flagellum is produced continuously, whereas the synthesis of lateral flagella is induced under conditions that impede the function of the polar flagellum, e.g., in viscous environments or on surfaces. Thus, the organism possesses two large gene networks that orchestrate polar and lateral flagellar gene expression and assembly. In addition, the polar flagellum functions as a mechanosensor controlling lateral gene expression. In order to gain insight into the genetic circuitry controlling motility and surface sensing, we have sought to define the polar flagellar gene system. The hierarchy of regulation appears to be different from the polar system of Caulobacter crescentus or the peritrichous system of enteric bacteria but is pertinent to many Vibrio andPseudomonas species. The gene identity and organization of 60 potential flagellar and chemotaxis genes are described. Conserved sequences are defined for two classes of polar flagellar promoters. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of mutant strains with defects in swimming motility coupled with primer extension analysis of flagellar and chemotaxis transcription provides insight into the polar flagellar organelle, its assembly, and regulation of gene expression.
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Shelswell, Kristopher J., Terumi A. Taylor, and J. Thomas Beatty. "Photoresponsive Flagellum-Independent Motility of the Purple Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 14 (July 2005): 5040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.14.5040-5043.2005.

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ABSTRACT We report the discovery of photoresponsive, flagellum-independent motility of the α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, a nonsulfur purple phototrophic bacterium. This motility takes place in the 1.5% agar-glass interface of petri plates but not in soft agar, and cells move toward a light source. The appearances of motility assay plates inoculated with wild-type or flagellum-deficient mutants indicate differential contributions from flagellar and flagellum-independent mechanisms. Electron microscopy confirmed the absence of flagella in flagellar mutants and revealed the presence of pilus-like structures at one pole of wild-type and mutant cells. We suggest that R. capsulatus utilizes a flagellum-independent, photoresponsive mechanism that resembles twitching motility to move in a line away from the point of inoculation toward a light source.
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Marathe, Sandhya Amol, Arjun Balakrishnan, Vidya Devi Negi, Deepika Sakorey, Nagasuma Chandra, and Dipshikha Chakravortty. "Curcumin Reduces the Motility of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Binding to the Flagella, Thereby Leading to Flagellar Fragility and Shedding." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 13 (April 18, 2016): 1798–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00092-16.

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ABSTRACTOne of the important virulence properties of the pathogen is its ability to travel to a favorable environment, cross the viscous mucus barrier (intestinal barrier for enteric pathogens), and reach the epithelia to initiate pathogenesis with the help of an appendage, like flagella. Nonetheless, flagella can act as an “Achilles heel,” revealing the pathogen's presence to the host through the stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We assessed whether curcumin, a dietary polyphenol, could alter the motility ofSalmonella, a foodborne pathogen. It reduced the motility ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium by shortening the length of the flagellar filament (from ∼8 μm to ∼5 μm) and decreasing its density (4 or 5 flagella/bacterium instead of 8 or 9 flagella/bacterium). Upon curcumin treatment, the percentage of flagellated bacteria declined from ∼84% to 59%. However, no change was detected in the expression of the flagellin gene and protein. A fluorescence binding assay demonstrated binding of curcumin to the flagellar filament. This might make the filament fragile, breaking it into smaller fragments. Computational analysis predicted the binding of curcumin, its analogues, and its degraded products to a flagellin molecule at an interface between domains D1 and D2. Site-directed mutagenesis and a fluorescence binding assay confirmed the binding of curcumin to flagellin at residues ASN120, ASP123, ASN163, SER164, ASN173, and GLN175.IMPORTANCEThis work, to our knowledge the first report of its kind, examines how curcumin targets flagellar density and affects the pathogenesis of bacteria. We found that curcumin does not affect any of the flagellar synthesis genes. Instead, it binds to the flagellum and makes it fragile. It increases the torsional stress on the flagellar filament that then breaks, leaving fewer flagella around the bacteria. Flagella, which are crucial ligands for Toll-like receptor 5, are some of the most important appendages ofSalmonella. Curcumin is an important component of turmeric, which is a major spice used in Asian cooking. The loss of flagella can, in turn, change the pathogenesis of bacteria, making them more robust and fit in the host.
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Zheng, Xin, Hongjuan Bai, Ye Tao, Mounia Achak, Yannick Rossez, and Edvina Lamy. "Flagellar Phenotypes Impact on Bacterial Transport and Deposition Behavior in Porous Media: Case of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 14460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214460.

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Bacterial contamination of groundwater has always been an ecological problem worthy of attention. In this study, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with different flagellar phenotypes mainly characterized during host-pathogen interaction were analyzed for their transport and deposition behavior in porous media. Column transport experiments and a modified mobile-immobile model were applicated on different strains with flagellar motility (wild-type) or without motility (ΔmotAB), without flagella (ΔflgKL), methylated and unmethylated flagellin (ΔfliB), and different flagella phases (fliCON, fljBON). Results showed that flagella motility could promote bacterial transport and deposition due to their biological advantages of moving and attaching to surfaces. We also found that the presence of non-motile flagella improved bacterial adhesion according to a higher retention rate of the ΔmotAB strain compared to the ΔflgKL strain. This indicated that bacteria flagella and motility both had promoting effects on bacterial deposition in sandy porous media. Flagella phases influenced the bacterial movement; the fliCON strain went faster through the column than the fljBON strain. Moreover, flagella methylation was found to favor bacterial transport and deposition. Overall, flagellar modifications affect Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium transport and deposition behavior in different ways in environmental conditions.
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Martinez, Raquel M., Madushini N. Dharmasena, Thomas J. Kirn, and Ronald K. Taylor. "Characterization of Two Outer Membrane Proteins, FlgO and FlgP, That Influence Vibrio cholerae Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 18 (July 10, 2009): 5669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00632-09.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is highly motile by the action of a single polar flagellum. The loss of motility reduces the infectivity of V. cholerae, demonstrating that motility is an important virulence factor. FlrC is the sigma-54-dependent positive regulator of flagellar genes. Recently, the genes VC2206 (flgP) and VC2207 (flgO) were identified as being regulated by FlrC via a microarray analysis of an flrC mutant (D. C. Morris, F. Peng, J. R. Barker, and K. E. Klose, J. Bacteriol. 190:231-239, 2008). FlgP is reported to be an outer membrane lipoprotein required for motility that functions as a colonization factor. The study reported here focuses on the characterization of flgO, the first gene in the flgOP operon. We show that FlgO and FlgP are important for motility, as strains with mutations in the flgOP genes have reduced motility phenotypes. The flgO and flgP mutant populations display fewer motile cells as well as reduced numbers of flagellated cells. The flagella produced by the flgO and flgP mutant strains are shorter in length than the wild-type flagella, which can be restored by inhibiting rotation of the flagellum. FlgO is an outer membrane protein that localizes throughout the membrane and not at the flagellar pole. Although FlgO and FlgP do not specifically localize to the flagellum, they are required for flagellar stability. Due to the nature of these motility defects, we established that the flagellum is not sufficient for adherence; rather, motility is the essential factor required for attachment and thus colonization by V. cholerae O1 of the classical biotype. This study reveals a novel mechanism for which the outer membrane proteins FlgO and FlgP function in motility to mediate flagellar stability and influence attachment and colonization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Flagellar motility"

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Ralston, Katherine Sampson. "Parasites in motion novel roles for the flagellum and flagellar motility /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835602901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Deakin, William James. "Molecular characterisation of flagellar genes from agrobacterium tumefaciens." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5858/.

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Three behavioural mutants of A. tumefaciens C58C1 (mot-l, mot-12 and fla-15) generated by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis were studied. Analysis was initially at the molecular level, as a cosmid, pDUB1900, from a representative genomic library of C58C1 had been isolated that complemented the mutants. A region of 8624 nucleotides to which the Tn5 insertion sites of the three mutants had been mapped was sequenced completely in both directions. The comparison of this sequence with sequence databases and other computer analyses revealed six flagellar gene homologues (flgI,flgH,fliP,flaA,flaB,flaC), three open reading frames (ORFA, B and C) with no significant sequence identity to any open reading frames in the databases and the partial sequence of the flagellar gene homologue flgG. Computer analysis also showed that theflgH,flgI andfliP homologues, and ORFs A, B and C, could form the downstream region of a larger operon involved in chemotactic and motility functions. However putative transcription signals were also found within the operon. A new mutant (MANl) was created in the last gene (fliP) of the putative operon to investigate the function of possible transcription signals in the open reading frame immediately upstream of it (ORFC). The mot-12 mutant phenotype of fully synthesised but paralysed flagella is brought about by the insertion of Tn5 in ORFC. ORFC contains a possible promoter for fliP. The Tn5 insertion in ORFC should have polar effects upon the expression of fliP, unless the putative promoter can cause expression of fliP. The MANl mutant had a flagella-less phenotype. FliP in other bacteria is required early in the synthesis of flagella and the null phenotype is/7a-. Thus for flagella to be present in mot-12 suggests fliP must have a promoter. The ORFC sequence is highly conserved in R. meliloti and the overall regulation of these flagellar gene homologues may be as an operon with other regulatory signals. Evidence from other operons (including motility operons) with multiple transcription signals is discussed. The flaABC homologues were multiple copies of the gene encoding the flagellin protein of the flagellum. The mot-l phenotype of severely truncated filaments was caused by a Tn5 insertion in flaA. Analysis of the sequence showed flaABC to each have transcription signals that could lead to separate transcription. Transcription analysis by Northern blotting showed flaA to be transcribed monocistronically. Flagella were isolated from A. twnefaciens and the flagellins separated by SDS-PAGE. The migrated distances (relative to those of markers) was not as predicted from the nucleotide sequence. This anomaly could be caused by unequivalent binding of SDS or post-translational modification of FlaA. The A. tumefaciens flagellar genes were most similar to those of R. meliloti. However A. tumefaciens flagella do not exhibit the characteristic cross-hatching of the complex flagella of R. meliloti. This study also showed A. tumefaciens flagella not to be dependent on divalent cations for subunit associations unlike R. meliloti. These properties of A. tumefaciens flagella were similar to those of R. leguminosarum.The open reading frames found were isolated, radiolabelled and used as probesagainst Southern blots containing chromosomal DNA from a variety of soil bacteria, and cosmids known to contain motility genes in R. meliloti. Hybridisation revealed homologous DNA sequences in a number of these bacteria. All the A. tumefaciens open reading frames hybridised to homologous DNA in R. meliloti and are found in the same order in both species. This suggests that there are similarities at the molecular level in motility and chemotaxis functions between R. meliloti and A. tumefaciens as well as in the patterns of chemotaxis and motility observed previously.
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Edge, Matthew James. "Analysis of flagellar switch proteins in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342030.

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Magder, Ilana. "The importance of a radial spoke protein in flagellar motility /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31266.

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The aim of our investigation was to gain insight on the regulation of flagellar movement, at the axonemal level. In our laboratory a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) has been produced against the axoneme of the biflagellated algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-characterized model for the study of flagellar movement. Of these MoAbs, L2H12 has been selected, because it has a potent inhibitory effect on the motility of de membranated-reactivated flagella of Chlamydomonas cells. Using video micrography, we demonstrated that low concentrations of L2H12 cause a progressive decrease in the wave amplitude and beat frequency of the flagella. Results of Western blotting of the axonemal proteins indicates that L2H12 recognizes a 105 kDa protein. Analysis of Chlamydomonas radial spoke mutants deficient in one or more radial spoke proteins (RSPs) suggests that this protein is RSP2. Immunoprecipitation of this protein was performed to further characterize it.
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Albanna, Ayman Mohamed Jaber. "Regulation of flagellar mediated motility in the species Samonella enterica." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3964.

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Salmonella enterica is considered zoonotic pathogen with capability to colonies on range of plants and animals allowing transmission between them. Whole genome sequence analysis of S. enterica generates a phylogenetic tree comprising of three clades: A1, A2 and B. These 3 clades encompass the known 2,600 serovars used to type S. enterica during clinical outbreaks of salmonellosis. S. enterica exploits the bacterial flagellum to be motile in liquid environments and over surfaces. The genetic regulation of flagellar assembly is an elegant and harmonious system driving assembly of the flagellum from the base upwards. We surveyed the response and changes to flagellar regulation in a cohort of S. enterica serovars. Our analysis encompassed examining phenotypic motility, flagellar gene expression and flagellar abundance depending on nutrient composition. We demonstrated that the timing of flagellar gene expression is consistent across the species but the magnitude of flagellar gene expression varies significantly. The S. enterica flagellar system is bistable, producing a heterogeneous population of motile cells. Our data suggested that population heterogeneity plays a role in the adaptation of S. enterica serovars with respect to motility. The great similarity of the flagellum systems between S.enterica and E.coli gave us a reason to study why flagellar regulation in S.enterica differed from E. coli. Indeed, we replaced the master flagellar regulators, flhDC from E.coli into the S. enterica. We found a significant variation in FlhD4C2 activity through mixing flhD and flhC between both organisms. In conclusion, the diversity and changes we observe in just a small subset of S. enterica serovars and by introducing flhDC homologues has made us reconsider a number of assumptions we make about the regulation of the flagellar system based on model-domesticated strains of S. enterica.
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Staudinger, Wilfried. "Investigations on Flagellar Biogenesis, Motility and Signal Transduction of Halobacterium salinarum." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-92769.

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Staudinger, Wilfried. "Investigations on flagellar biogenesis, motility and signal transduction of Halobacterium salinarum." kostenfrei, 2007. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9276/.

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Cicconofri, Giancarlo. "Mathematical Models of Locomotion: Legged Crawling, Snake-like Motility, and Flagellar Swimming." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4858.

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Three different models of motile systems are studied: a vibrating legged robot, a snake-like locomotor, and two kinds of agellar microswimmers. The vibrating robot crawls by modulating the friction with the substrate. This also leads to the ability to switch direction of motion by varying the vibration frequency. A detailed account of this phenomenon is given through a fully analytical treatment of the model. The analysis delivers formulas for the average velocity of the robot and for the frequency at which the direction switch takes place. A quantitative description of the mechanism for the friction modulation underlying the motility of the robot is also provided. Snake-like locomotion is studied through a system consisting of a planar, internally actuated, elastic rod. The rod is constrained to slide longitudinally without slipping laterally. This setting is inspired by undulatory locomotion of snakes, where frictional resistance is typically larger in the lateral direction than in the longitudinal one. The presence of constraints leads to non-standard boundary conditions, that lead to the possibility to close and solve uniquely the equations of motion. Explicit formulas are derived, which highlight the connection between observed trajectories, internal actuation, and forces exchanged with the environment. The two swimmer models (one actuated externally and the other internally) provide an example of propulsion at low Reynolds number resulting from the periodical beating of a passive elastic filament. Motions produced by generic periodic actuations are studied within the regime of small compliance of the filament. The analysis shows that variations in the velocity of beating can generate different swimming trajectories. Motion control through modulations of the actuation velocity is discussed
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McCarren, Jay William. "Microscopic, genetic, and biochemical characterization of non-flagellar swimming motility in marine cyanobacteria." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3199668.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.
Title from PDF title page (viewed October 21, 2005) Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Wand, Matthew Edmund. "The roles of HP0770 and HP1575 in Helicobacter pylori flagellar assembly and motility." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433977.

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Books on the topic "Flagellar motility"

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Murase, Masatoshi. Dynamics of cellular motility. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 1992.

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Murase, Mosatoshi. Dynamics of cellular motility. Chichester [England]: Wiley, 1992.

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Aizawa, Shin-Ichi. Flagellar World: Electron Microscopic Images of Bacterial Flagella and Related Surface Structures. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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Flagellar World: Electron Microscopic Images of Bacterial Flagella and Related Surface Structures. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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King, Stephen M., and Gregory J. Pazour. Cilia: Structure and Motility. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Flagellar motility"

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Goldstein, Stuart F. "Flagellar Beat Patterns in Algae." In Algal Cell Motility, 99–153. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9683-7_4.

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Kamiya, Ritsu. "Molecular Mechanism of Flagellar Movement." In Algal Cell Motility, 155–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9683-7_5.

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Bloodgood, Robert A. "Gliding Motility and Flagellar Glycoprotein Dynamics in Chlamydomonas." In Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes, 91–128. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0515-6_4.

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Jacques, Marie-Agnès, Jean-François Guimbaud, Martial Briand, Arnaud Indiana, and Armelle Darrasse. "Flagellar Motility and Fitness in Xanthomonads." In Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria, 1265–73. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119004813.ch122.

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Preston, Robin R., and Yoshiro Saimi. "Calcium Ions and the Regulation of Motility in Paramecium." In Ciliary and Flagellar Membranes, 173–200. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0515-6_7.

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Kamiya, R. "Molecular Mechanism of Ciliary and Flagellar Movement." In Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility, 206–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76927-6_7.

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Koch, Arthur L. "Gliding Motility, Protonmotive Force, and Flagellar Rotation." In Bacterial Growth and Form, 361–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1779-5_14.

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Brokaw, Charles J. "Descriptive and Mechanistic Models of Flagellar Motility." In Biological Motion, 128–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51664-1_9.

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Koch, Arthur L. "Gliding Motility, Protonmotive Force Motor, and Flagellar Rotation." In Bacterial Growth and Form, 391–408. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0827-2_15.

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Hayashi, Hiroshi, and Masaaki Morisawa. "Phosphorylation of a Protein and the Initiation of Flagellar Motility in Rainbow Trout Spermatozoa." In Advances in Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins and Aging, 459–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9042-8_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Flagellar motility"

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Mitchell, David R. "Regulation of Eukaryotic Flagellar Motility." In ISIS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1900399.

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Westergard, Anna M. "Divalent Cation Control of Flagellar Motility in African Trypanosomes." In ISIS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1900402.

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Yang, H. F., X. Descombes, S. Prigent, G. Malandain, X. Druart, and F. Plouraboue. "Head tracking and flagellum tracing for sperm motility analysis." In 2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2014.6867871.

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Park, Eun-Jung, Myoung-Ock Cho, and Jung Kyung Kim. "Growth Responses of Swarming and Gliding Bacteria on Substrates With Different Levels of Stiffness." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13154.

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We conducted experiments to decipher the interplays among bacterial motility, surface stiffness of culture medium, and growth of colony when bacteria grow on semi-solid substrate. We observed the growth kinetics of two kinds of bacteria, swarming Escherichia coli (E.coli) and gliding Myxococcus Xanthus (M.xanthus), grown on semi-solid agar substrates with different stiffness. The colony of M.xanthus moved by traction force on the surface shows a tendency to grow larger on soft substrate. The colony of E.coli using flagella shows a similar tendency in the early phase but later grows smaller on substrate with lower stiffness. We found that the growth of bacterial colony is affected by the mechanical properties of the substrate and the type of bacterial motility as well.
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Scherr, Thomas F., Chunliang Wu, W. Todd Monroe, and Krishnaswamy Nandakumar. "Numerical Simulation of Cell Motility at Low Reynolds Number." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80280.

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As length scales decrease to microns, the mechanism for swimming becomes unfortunately counter-intuitive. In the macro-world, where human intuition has developed, we swim by accelerating the liquid around us. For microorganisms, which swim at Reynolds numbers much less than unity, Stokes law does not permit accelerations. As such, the fluid movement is governed entirely by the local boundaries of the microorganism and the fluid viscosity dampens velocity fluctuations rapidly as distance away from the swimmer increases. A well known byproduct of this, Purcell’s “Scallop Theorem”, forbids reciprocal motions to generate net forward movement [1]. To overcome this, flagella propagate waves down their length and cilia have asymmetric beats. This type of motility has been described as zero-thrust swimming since the net force on the organism-fluid system must be zero [2].
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Guilford, William H., Laura E. Aust, and Karen K. Bernd. "Whole-cell flagellum-based motility studied using back focal plane interferometry in a laser trap transducer." In 2006 Fortieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acssc.2006.356610.

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Fatehiboroujeni, Soheil, Arvind Gopinath, and Sachin Goyal. "Follower Forces in Pre-Stressed Fixed-Fixed Rods to Mimic Oscillatory Beating of Active Filaments." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85449.

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Flagella and cilia are examples of actively oscillating, whiplike biological filaments that are crucial to processes as diverse as locomotion, mucus clearance, embryogenesis and cell motility. Elastic driven rod-like filaments subjected to compressive follower forces provide a way to mimic oscillatory beating in synthetic settings. In the continuum limit, this spatiotemporal response is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the interplay between the structural elastic instability of the slender rods subjected to the non-conservative follower forces, geometric constraints that control the onset of this instability, and viscous dissipation due to fluid drag by ambient media. In this paper, we use an elastic rod model to characterize beating frequencies, the critical follower forces and the non-linear rod shapes, for pre-stressed, clamped rods subject to two types of fluid drag forces, namely, linear Stokes drag and non-linear Morrison drag. We find that the critical follower force depends strongly on the initial slack and weakly on the nature of the drag force. The emergent frequencies however, depend strongly on both the extent of pre-stress as well as the nature of the fluid drag.
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Zheng, B., C. M. Pleass, and C. S. Ih. "Motion characterization and identification of microbes using a hybrid LDV technique." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.thnn3.

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A hybrid three-axis laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) system has been set up in our laboratory. The system can monitor the motion of microbes in a larger volume and in a nearly natural environment. A computer is used to collect and process the data only when one microbe swims within the measuring volume. We can then obtain a FFT spectrum that represents exactly the motion signature of this particular microbe. The ambiguity caused by multiscattering among two or more microbes can be avoided. By using this new system and FFT spectrum analysis, a feature vector related to the size of a microbe, its average translational velocity, its rotation or wobbling, and its flagellum motility is obtained. Such a vector is a good criterion for distinguishing different species based on a weighted average maximum likelihood algorithm. We have successfully identified several species under a controlled environment. It thus becomes possible to automatically identify known microbes. In addition, this system can be used to discover or search for unexpected microbes in a situation where the concentration is low.
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