Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fixed route transit systems

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fixed route transit systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Denson, Carol R. "Transitioning to Fixed-Route Services." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (January 1998): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-06.

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By 2002, it is expected that all fixed-route transportation systems in the United States will be accessible to people with disabilities. This is heralded as good news for riders who have been limited to traveling via special services (i.e., paratransit) and transit providers concerned with the cost of such services. Such optimism assumes—perhaps erroneously—that many riders will shift from paratransit to the newly accessible fixed-route systems. A survey was conducted that reveals that riders are generally satisfied with the service they receive and—despite imminent accessibility—are not eager to switch. The paratransit service, which the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) regards as a “safety net” for those unable to use fixed-route transit, has become the primary mode of public transport for significant portions of its ridership. However, a core group of riders appears to be interested in changing, which, coupled with the finding that almost none of the survey respondents had received any form of travel training, suggests that there is cause for measured optimism. In addition to training, accessibility must be considered in systemic terms, built on the requirements that riders know how to use the fixed-route system and can get to and from buses, they believe they are welcome in the system, and they understand the costs and consequences of using paratransit. These results are achievable by educating riders, transit staff, and the general public. In addition, there needs to be informed manipulation of fixed routes.
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Shih, Mao-Chang, Hani S. Mahmassani, and M. Hadi Baaj. "Planning and Design Model for Transit Route Networks with Coordinated Operations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (January 1998): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-03.

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A heuristic model is presented for the design of bus transit networks with coordinated operations. Different from past solution methodologies focusing on conventional uncoordinated transit systems, this model addresses the design of transit networks with coordinated operations, using a transit center concept and incorporating a trip assignment model explicitly developed for coordinated (timed-transfer) systems. In addition, this model determines the appropriate vehicle size for each bus route and incorporates demand-responsive capabilities to meet demand that cannot be served effectely by fixed-route, fixed-schedule services. This model is composed of four major procedures: ( a) a route generation procedure (RGP), which constructs the transit network around the transit center concept; ( b) a network analysis procedure, which incorporates a trip assignment model (for both coordinated and uncoordinated operations) and a frequency-setting and vehicle-sizing procedure; ( c) a transit center selection procedure, which identifies the suitable transit centers for route coordination; and ( d) a network improvement procedure, which improves on the set of routes generated by the RGP. The model is demonstrated via a case-study application to data generated from the existing transit system in Austin, Texas.
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Koushki, P. A., G. A. Ali, and Y. A. Al-Nuaim. "Calibration of Transit Operations Planning (TOP) Model and Evaluation of Bus Transit Route Performance in Riyadh." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 2 (December 1, 1997): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol2iss0pp5-16.

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Public transit systems provide mobility for a large percentage of urban residents very cost-effectively and with minimum negative impact on the environment. ln spite of their vital and indispensable services; however , The majority of transit systems worldwide suffer from financial neglect and are forced to rely heavily on government subsidies for survival. In response to the rapidly shrinking funds and subsidy levels transit managements have to focus attention on ways to improve service operations. The management of public transit systems in Saudi Arabia is no exception to this trend. This study is aimed at evaluating the service performance of a sample of regular (fixed-route, fixed schedule) bus transit routes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Utilizing a microcomputer-based program, the bus transit service operational measures of fare, headway, vehicle size and routing were analyzed. To account for the socio-economic and cultural differences of transit ridership in Riyadh, time/cost elasticities of demand as well as walk time and bus travel time parameters of the model were calibrated. Evaluation of the impact of changes in service operational measures suggested that no change in operational variables could improve the very low productivity of one of the sample study routes. A cost-reduction strategy which includes the use of smaller vehicles and less-frequent service runs should improve the low productivity of this route. Findings also indicated that a small increase in fare would pay for the total operation and maintenance costs of the other routes. The authors, however, do not recommend an increase in fare for a variety of reasons; the low income level of the captive riderships, the enormous financial resources of the country , and the multi-dimentional role of transit systems in providing urban mobility with minimum negative impacts on the environment.
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Chavis, Celeste, and Vikash V. Gayah. "Development of a Mode Choice Model for General Purpose Flexible-Route Transit Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2650, no. 1 (January 2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2650-16.

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This study developed a mode choice model that can be used to describe how transit users select emerging competitive transit options. Specifically, the mode choice model considers the selection of traditional fixed-route transit systems, flexible-route systems in which vehicles are shared but routes are flexible to prevailing demands, and individual transit systems that provide door-to-door and demand-responsive service (e.g., taxis, Uber, or Lyft). A stated preference survey was performed: survey participants were provided a specific scenario and were asked to select the most attractive transit option. Each scenario was presented with the following attributes: walking time required, waiting time (including variability), in-vehicle travel time (including variability), monetary cost, and availability of GPS tracking services. Various statistical modeling frameworks were considered and applied to these survey data to describe the mode choice decision-making process. The results revealed that some individuals always selected the same mode, regardless of the parameters, perhaps because of familiarity or personal preference. However, the models also revealed that monetary cost, expected in-vehicle waiting time, expected waiting time, and walking time were statistically significant predictors of the type of flexible transit option selected.
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Sueyoshi, Chinasa, Hideya Takagi, Yoshihiro Yasutake, and Kentaro Inenaga. "Building and Publishing Fundamental Transit Data for Regional Public Transportation Provided by Municipalities." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030801005.

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Public transportation is becoming increasingly important in regions where the residential population is decreasing. In Japan, many regional transportation systems are experiencing financial challenges. It is difficult for fixed-route transportation systems to operate at a surplus when serving only local resident users. We consider one of the problems of these regional public transport systems to be the lack of information on the Internet about regional public transportation routes. For people who are unfamiliar with the region, such as inbound tourists, there is no easy way to conduct a route search. In this paper, we describe our efforts to build a fundamental database of the regional public transportation provided by municipalities and to publish this data for those conducting route searches on the Internet. Specifically, we converted fundamental data regarding regional public transportation to the feed of the General Transit Feed Specification-Japan (GTFS-JP), which is based on the Google GTFS, as formulated by the Ministry of Land in Japan. Then we encouraged municipalities to publish these transit data to enable route searches on Google Maps and other domestic-content providers.
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Zhang, Jin, Wenquan Li, Guoqing Wang, and Jingcai Yu. "Feasibility Study of Transferring Shared Bicycle Users with Commuting Demand to Flex-Route Transit—A Case Study of Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116067.

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Shared bicycle users with commuting purposes generally need to take a traditional public transit and then use the shared bicycle to complete the first/last mile transport. While shared bicycle provides convenient travel for travelers, it also brings a series of problems such as disorderly parking and road occupancy. Therefore, exploring the problem of travel mode shift between shared bicycle and public transit is of significance for improving the traffic environment and increasing the sharing rate of public transit. This paper introduces the flex-route transit system and quantitatively analyzes the rationality and feasibility of using flex-route transit to pick up and drop off shared bicycle users with commuting demand from the temporal perspectives. A flex-route transit route design model is established with the objective of minimizing the sum of vehicle driving time cost and passenger time cost, and the time cost models of the shared bicycle commuting system and the flex-route transit system are constructed, compared, and analyzed to explore the feasibility of flex-route transit picking up or dropping off shared bicycle users under different conditions. Through the subsequent sensitivity analysis, the influence of passenger demand density, fixed station spacing, and travel preference attributed to the two systems are analyzed separately. The results demonstrate that the flex-route transit can efficiently complete the picking up or dropping off for shared bicycle users under certain conditions.
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Edwards, Derek, and Kari Watkins. "Comparing Fixed-Route and Demand-Responsive Feeder Transit Systems in Real-World Settings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2352, no. 1 (January 2013): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2352-15.

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Hoonsiri, Chinnawat, Siriluk Chiarakorn, and Vasin Kiattikomol. "Using Combined Bus Rapid Transit and Buses in a Dedicated Bus Lane to Enhance Urban Transportation Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063052.

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Combined bus rapid transit and buses in a dedicated bus lane (CBBD) is a measure that bus rapid transit (BRT) operators implement to reduce overlapping routes between BRT and fixed-route buses. The CBBD measure can combine the passengers of both systems on the same route, which helps increase passenger demand for the BRT, and reduce fuel consumption and emissions from utilizing the exclusive lanes for the combined route. However, the CBBD could affect some bus and BRT passengers in terms of either losing or gaining travel time-saving benefits depending on their travel pattern. This research proposed a methodology to determine the travel distance initiating disadvantage for BRT passengers (DDB) to justify the potential success of the CBBD operations. The number of passengers gaining a benefit from the CBBD was sensitive to the distance between the CBBD stops and the operational period of the CBBD. The CBBD reform would be beneficial to transit agencies to improve the travel time of passengers and be able to promote environmental sustainability for the public transportation system in urban cities.
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Zheng, Yue, Wenquan Li, and Feng Qiu. "A Methodology for Choosing between Route Deviation and Point Deviation Policies for Flexible Transit Services." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 12, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6292410.

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Flexible transit services, which bring together the characteristics of fixed-route transit and demand-responsive transit, have been proven to be cost-efficient in low-density residential areas. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to assist planners in making better decisions when choosing between route deviation policy and point deviation policy, which are two promising types of flexible transit services. A user cost function is developed to measure the service quality of the transit systems, and analytical models are constructed to compare the system performance under both expected and unexpected demand levels. Based on the experiments for various scenarios over a real-life transit example, the critical demands, which represent the switching point between the two competing service policies, have been derived. Our findings show that point deviation policy is more efficient at low-demand levels, while route deviation policy is a better choice at low-to-moderate demand levels. At unexpectedly high demand levels, route deviation policy is better able to accommodate rejected passengers than point deviation policy.
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Rouhieh, Behzad, and Ciprian Alecsandru. "Adaptive route choice model for public transit systems: an application of Markov decision processes." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-080.

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Over the past couple of decades the advancements in the areas of information and computational technology allowed for a variety of intelligent transportation systems developments and deployments. This study investigates an advanced traveler information system (ATIS) and (or) an advanced public transit system (APTS) adaptive and real-time transit routing component. The proposed methodology is applied to bus routes with fixed, predefined bus line alignments. It is shown that routing buses on such systems can be modeled in real-time by employing an associated Markov chain with reward model to minimize the impact of congested traffic conditions on the travelers and the overall operation cost of the transit system. A case study using a traffic and transit data from a real-world bus line was used to apply the proposed bus routing approach. It was found that under certain traffic congestion conditions buses should be re-routed to minimize their travel time and the associated system costs. The hypothetical congestion scenarios investigated show that individual bus travel time delays range between 50 and 740 s when the proposed adaptive routing is employed. The proposed methodology is also suitable for application to transit systems that run on a demand-adaptive basis (the bus line alignment changes with the travelers demand). Additional calibration and future integration of the system into specific ATIS and (or) APTS user services will be investigated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Lindén, Philip. "Improving accessibility to the bus service : Building an accessibility measurement tool in QGIS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185145.

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Satisfactory public transportation (PT) should enable people to reach attractive destinations and desired activities fast, comfortably, safely, and affordably. When PT fails to do so it will have negative effects on the overall accessibility in a society. Evaluating a PT system essentially means measuring to what extent the demand from the users is met, and for such an analysis understanding the concept of accessibility is paramount. Whether an individual will experience a high or a low level of accessibility will likely depend on their personal capabilities, as well as on the surrounding environment. Barriers obstructing an individual from using PT could for example be of physical of phycological nature or come in the shape of public space management disproportionally favoring certain groups of society. Low accessibility can thus be linked to social exclusion, since when a person cannot reach important destinations, their chances to participate in society will be subdued. To measure the accessibility of a PT system, and how a PT system affects the overall accessibility of a destination, it is common practice to use indicators that can represent different categories of social exclusion. This approach was the basis for constructing the performance measurement tool called Bus Stop Ranking Algorithm (BSRA) which was created in the QGIS application Graphical Modeler. BSRA calculates the usefulness of bus stops by counting the number of vulnerable groups, the number of workplaces, and the total population within comfortable walking distance from bus stops, as well as comparing travel times by car and bicycle from residential areas to important locations. The tool was ordered by a private PT company which will use it to make decisions regarding e.g., creating new bus stops, or for relocating, removing, or redesigning existing bus stops or bus routes. The Swedish municipality Lidingö was used as the study area to demonstrate how to use BSRA and how to interpret its output. Using equal weights for all indicators, it was discovered that 9 bus stops in the southern part of Lidingö could be regarded as particularly useful compared to the other 207 bus stops in the municipality. Variables such as the space-temporal component, i.e., changes during the day were not used. Socio economic factors such as segregation were also not highlighted, since all indicators had the same effect on the total scores. Adjusting the weights for some indicators could expose underlying dynamics affecting the total scores for the bus stops and help the PT company make design changes where they will be needed the most.
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Edwards, Derek L. "Designing optimal demand-responsive transportation feeder systems and comparing performance in heterogeneous environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52230.

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The goal of this research is to develop a method of objectively comparing and optimizing the performance of demand-responsive transportation systems in heterogeneous environments. Demand-responsive transportation refers to modes of transportation that do not follow fixed routes or schedules, including taxis, paratransit, deviated-route services, ride sharing as well as other modes. Heterogeneous environments are transportation environments in which streets do not follow regular patterns, passenger behavior is difficult to model, and transit schedules and layouts are non-uniform. An example of a typical heterogeneous environment is a modern suburb with non-linear streets, low pedestrian activity, and infrequent or sparse transit service. The motivation for this research is to determine if demand-responsive transportation can be used to improve customer satisfaction and reduce operating costs in suburban and low-density urban areas where fixed-route transportation may be inefficient. This research extends existing comparison and optimization techniques that are designed to work in homogeneous environments. Homogeneous environments refer to transportation systems where the streets follow regular and repeating patterns, passengers are evenly distributed throughout the system, and the transit system is easily modeled. The performance of systems with these characteristics can be approximated with closed-form analytical expressions representing passenger travel times, vehicle distances traveled, and other performance indicators. However, in the low-density urban areas studied in this research, the street patterns and transit schedules are irregular and passenger behavior is difficult to model. In these areas, analytical solutions cannot be found. Instead, this research develops a simulation-based approach to compare and optimize performance in these heterogeneous environments. Using widely-available route-planning tools, open-source transit schedules, and detailed passenger data, it is possible to simulate the behavior of transit vehicles and passengers to such an exacting degree that analytical solutions are not needed. A major technical contribution of this research is the development of a demand-responsive transportation simulator to analyze performance of demand-responsive systems in heterogeneous environments. The simulator combines several open-source tools for route planning with a custom-built demand-responsive vehicle and passenger-itinerary optimizer to simulate individual vehicles and passengers within a large system. With knowledge of the street network, the transit schedule, passenger locations, and trip request times, the simulator will output exact passenger transit times, passenger travel distances, vehicle travel distance, and other performance indicators for a particular transportation setup in a given area. The simulator is used to develop a method of comparing various demand-responsive and fixed-route systems. By predefining a set of performance indicators, such as passenger travel time and operating cost, the simulator can be used to ascertain the performance of a wide array of transportation systems. Comparing the weighted cost of each type of system permits a transportation engineer or planner to determine what type of system will provide the best results in a given area. The simulator is extended to assist in optimization of the demand-responsive transportation system layout. A key problem that needs to be solved when implementing a demand-responsive system is to determine the size, shape, and location of the demand-responsive coverage areas, i.e., the areas in which passengers are eligible for demand-responsive transportation. Using a particle swarm optimization algorithm and the simulation-based comparison technique, the optimal size and shape for a demand-responsive coverage area can be determined. The efficacy of the comparison and optimization techniques is demonstrated within the city of Atlanta, GA. It is shown that for certain areas of the city of Atlanta, demand-responsive transportation is more efficient than the currently implemented fixed-route system. Depending on the objective of the transportation planner, passenger satisfaction as well as operating costs can be improved by implementing a demand-responsive system in certain low-density areas. The techniques introduced in this research, and the simulation tool developed to implement those techniques, provide a repeatable, accurate, and objective method with which to optimize and compare demand-responsive transportation systems in heterogeneous environments.
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Lee, Jennifer Ann. "Evaluating ITS Investments in Public Transportation: A Proposed Framework and Plan for the OmniLink Route Deviation Service." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34416.

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When implementing an intelligent transportation system (ITS), stakeholders often overlook the importance of evaluating the system once it is in place. Determining the extent to which the objectives of an investment have been met is important to not only the agency involved, but also to other agencies, so that lessons are learned and mistakes are not repeated in future projects. An effective evaluation allows a transit provider to identify and address areas that could use improvement. Agencies implementing ITS investments often have different goals, needs, and concerns that they hope their project will address and consequently the development of a generic evaluation plan is difficult to develop. While it is recognized that the U.S. Department of Transportation has developed guidelines to aid agencies in evaluating such investments, this research is intended to complement these guidelines by assisting in the evaluation of a site specific ITS investment. It presents an evaluation framework and plan that provides a systematic method for assessing the potential impacts associated with the project by defining objectives, measures, analysis recommendations, and data requirements. The framework developed specifically addresses the ITS investment on the OmniLink local route deviation bus service in Prince William County, Virginia, but could be used as a basis for the evaluation of similar ITS investments. The OmniLink ITS investment includes an automatic vehicle location (AVL) system, mobile data terminals (MDTs), and computer-aided dispatch (CAD) technology.
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Simard, Stephanie. "The Development and Deployment of a GIS tool for Transit Network Design." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5182.

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Public transportation contributes to sustainable transportation in urban areas. Unfortunately, in some cases public transit systems have been underperforming. Over the years, factors such as urban sprawl and the increase in private vehicle ownership have led to challenges for public transportation providers. The lack of investment in transit infrastructure has resulted in transit agencies being under resourced which further limit the agencies’ ability to respond. Realizing the need to change and move towards a more sustainable and balanced transportation system, governments have begun to invest more and more in transportation infrastructure projects. In order to encourage public transportation, focus has shifted to improving the quality of transit service being provided. There are many ways in which transit improvements can be made. The problem that describes the design of a public transportation network is referred to as the transit network design problem (TNDP). Much of the existing literature that addresses the TNDP describes methods that are rigorous and complex and have limited application in practice. Given the emergence of geographic information systems (GIS), there exists new opportunities to address the TNDP. This thesis presents a customized GIS tool that assists transit network design. The approach utilizes GIS to identify desire lines or major travel demand corridors from which trunk transit routes are proposed and evaluated. The GIS tool is built using VBA scripting in ArcMap 9.3 part of ESRI’s general ArcGIS suite but the underlying GIS functionality needed by the tool is not limited to ESRI software. The tool offers a proven methodology for use within transit network design and evaluation at a level of resource requirement that is consistent with most transit agencies. The tool has been customized to minimize the need for GIS training and to maximize its adaptability for application in multiple cities. The analyst applying the tools must have substantial knowledge of local conditions. The tool is applied to the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, at the TAZ (traffic analysis zone) level using population and employment data. A street network with corresponding posted speeds on each link and the location of signalized intersections were also used in the analysis. The results of the analysis depicted major flows throughout Kitchener, Waterloo and Cambridge. Unique flows from students, major employers and an analysis of average income levels also provide input into the major demand corridors. From these results seven high order transit routes were designed to accommodate the major demand corridors. From the results it was found that GIS can be used to depict major demand corridors and inform transit network design. GIS is an excellent tool that can display complex information and visually identify spatial patterns. Further research includes the development of a model that evaluates network alternatives or the development of quantitative methods by which limits on aggregation can be automated.
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"Data organization for routing on the multi-modal public transportation system: a GIS-T prototype of Hong Kong Island." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890808.

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Yu Hongbo.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-138).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH --- p.i-ii
ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv-v
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi-viii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x-xi
Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Purpose --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Significance --- p.7
Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.8
Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.9
Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- Origin of GIS --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Development of GIS-T --- p.15
Chapter 2.4 --- Capabilities of GIS-T --- p.18
Chapter 2.5 --- Structure of a GIS-T --- p.19
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Data Models for GIS-T --- p.19
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Relational DBMS and Dueker-Butler's Data Model for Transportation --- p.22
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Objected-oriented Approach --- p.25
Chapter 2.6 --- Main Techniques of GIS-T --- p.26
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Linear Location Reference System --- p.26
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Dynamic Segmentation --- p.27
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Planar and Non-planar Networks --- p.28
Chapter 2.6.4 --- Turn-table --- p.28
Chapter 2.7 --- Algorithms for Finding Shortest Paths on a Network --- p.29
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Overview of Routing Algorithms --- p.29
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Dijkstra's Algorithm --- p.31
Chapter 2.7.3 --- Routing Models for the Multi-modal Network --- p.32
Chapter 2.8 --- Recent Researches on GIS Data Models for the Multi-modal Transportation System --- p.33
Chapter 2.9 --- Main Software Packages for GIS-T --- p.36
Chapter 2.10 --- Summary --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER III --- MODELING THE MULTI-MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- Elaborated Stages and Methods for GIS Modeling --- p.40
Chapter 3.3 --- Application Domain: The Multi-modal Public Transportation System --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Definition of a Multi-modal Public Transportation System --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Descriptions of the Multi-modal Public transportation System --- p.44
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Objective of the Modeling Work --- p.46
Chapter 3.4 --- A Layer-cake Based Application Domain Model for the Multi- modal Public Transportation System --- p.46
Chapter 3.5 --- A Conceptual Model for the Multi-modal Public Transportation System --- p.49
Chapter 3.6 --- Logical and Physical Implementation of the Data Model for the Multi-modal Public Transportation System --- p.54
Chapter 3.7 --- Criteria for Routing on the Multi-modal Public Transportation System --- p.57
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Least-time Routing --- p.58
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Least-fare Routing --- p.60
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Least-transfer Routing --- p.60
Chapter 3.8 --- Summary --- p.61
Chapter CHAPTER IV --- DATA PREPARATION FOR THE STUDY AREA
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.53
Chapter 4.2 --- The Study Area: Hong Kong Island --- p.63
Chapter 4.2.1 --- General Information of the Transportation System on Hong Kong Island --- p.63
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Reasons for Choosing Hong Kong Island as the Study Area --- p.66
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Mass Transit Routes Selected for the Prototype --- p.67
Chapter 4.3 --- Data Source and Data Collection --- p.67
Chapter 4.4 --- Geographical Data Preparation --- p.71
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Data Conversion --- p.73
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Geographical Data Input --- p.79
Chapter 4.5 --- Attribute Data Input --- p.86
Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.88
Chapter CHAPTER V --- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTOTYPE
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.89
Chapter 5.2 --- Construction of the Route Service Network --- p.89
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Generation of the Geographical Network --- p.90
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Setting Attribute Data for the Route Service Network --- p.95
Chapter 5.3 --- A GIS-T Prototype for the Study Area --- p.102
Chapter 5.4 --- General GIS Functions of the Prototype --- p.104
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Information Retrieve --- p.104
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Display --- p.105
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Data Query --- p.105
Chapter 5.5 --- Routing in the Prototype --- p.105
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Routing Procedure --- p.108
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Examples and Results --- p.110
Chapter 5.5.3 --- Comparison and Analysis --- p.113
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.118
Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSION
Chapter 6.1 --- Research Findings --- p.123
Chapter 6.2 --- Research Limitations --- p.126
Chapter 6.3 --- Direction of Further Studies --- p.128
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.130
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Books on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Anderson, Lance, Candace Blair Cronin, Daniel Fien-Helfman, Michelle Pohl, Brian Cronin, Ream Lazaro, Valerie Lazaro, and Anne Singleton. Guidebook for Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Transit Managers for Fixed-Route Bus and Paratransit Systems. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/14417.

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Boyle, Daniel. Contracting Fixed-Route Bus Transit Service. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25102.

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Weiner, Richard. Integration of paratransit and fixed-route transit services. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2008.

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Weiner, Richard. Integration of paratransit and fixed-route transit services. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2008.

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Boyle, Daniel K. Fixed-route transit ridership forecasting and service planning methods. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2006.

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United States. Federal Transit Administration., Transit Development Corporation, and National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., eds. Guidebook for attracting paratransit patrons to fixed-route services. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1997.

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7

Dynatrend, EG &. G. Review and assessment of en-route transit information systems. Washington, D.C: Federal Transit Administration, 1995.

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Thatcher, Russell, and Caroline Ferris. Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use of Fixed-Route Transit by People with Disabilities. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22397.

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Ziliaskopoulos, Athanasios K. Development of a prototype computerized transit information system to assist transit users with route planning decisions. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Graphics, 1996.

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Schachenmayr, Martin P. Application guidelines for the egress element of the fire protection standard for fixed guideway transit systems. New York: Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Li, Yihua, Jean-Marc Rousseau, and Fujun Wu. "Real-Time Scheduling on a Transit Bus Route." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 213–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85968-7_15.

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Shen, Jin-xing, Yu-han Zhou, Ya-nan Liu, and Feng Qiu. "A Service-Based Fare Policy for Flex-Route Transit Services." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems, 87–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0302-9_9.

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Israeli, Yechezkel, and Avishai Ceder. "Transit Route Design Using Scheduling and Multiobjective Programming Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 56–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57762-8_5.

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Khanzad, Iran, Seyedehsan Seyedabrishami, Mohsen Nazemi, and Amirali Zarrinmehr. "Transit Network Design Problem: An Expansion of the Route Generation Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 183–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57105-8_8.

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Kozłowski, Edward. "Problem of Optimal Route Determining for Linear Systems with Fixed Horizon." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 643–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01857-7_62.

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Gummadi, Reshma, and Sreenivasa Reddy Edara. "Analysis of Passenger Flow Prediction of Transit Buses Along a Route Based on Time Series." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 31–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7563-6_4.

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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Visualization of 14C-labeled Gas Fixation in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 169–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_5.

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AbstractWe targeted not only the elements we can supply to the nutrient solution but also carbon dioxide gas to visualize the fixation process and the movement of assimilated carbon in a plant. This is another highlight of our study using real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS). The interesting result was that the route of assimilated carbon was different depending on where the fixation took place. In Arabidopsis, most of the metabolites after photosynthesis were transferred to the tip of the main internode and roots when 14CO2 gas was fixed and photosynthates were produced at rosette leaves, whereas most of the metabolites moved to the tip of the branch internode and hardly moved down to the roots when 14CO2 gas was supplied to the aboveground parts of the plant other than rosette leaves. Interestingly, it was possible to visualize and trace which tissue performed the fixation of 14CO2 gas, i.e., carbon could be traced from the fixation site in tissue to tissue formation. However, especially in the case of 14C imaging, image analysis should be carefully performed because of the self-absorption of the β-rays in tissue. To image 14CO2 gas fixation in larger samples, approximately 50 cm in height, a plastic scintillator was introduced, and the assimilation process of the gas was visualized for rice and maize.
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Leurent, Fabien. "Towards Shared Mobility Services in Ring Shape." In Transportation Systems for Smart, Sustainable, Inclusive and Secure Cities [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94410.

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A shared mobility service (SMS) under ring shape would combine the principle of service cycle along a fixed route (as in a transit line) and a fairly important territorial coverage, assuming that every user would accept to walk on some length to and from the service. Thus, service availability can be optimised, detours are avoided, vehicles achieve higher productivity. The synergy between the ring-shaped infrastructure and the vehicle fleet enables to optimise the quality of service in terms of access time and ride time, and also to reduce production costs - and therefore the tariff fares, under suitable regulation. The chapter aims to reveal these ‘systemic qualities’ of ring-shaped SMSs by providing a mathematical model called ‘Orbicity’. It has a four-fold architecture: (i) traffic operations, (ii) supply-demand equilibrium under elastic demand, (iii) service management with endogenous fleet size and fare rate, (iv) service policy in terms of technology (vehicle type, number of places, energy vector, driving technology) and also the regulation regime. After outlining the model for ring-shaped shuttle services, we explore a set of scenarios along two axes of technological generation and regulation regime. It appears that ring-shaped shuttle services could be supplied at very affordable prices, while achieving profitability and requiring no public subsidies.
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Oliker, N., and S. Bekhor. "A demand based route generation model for transit network design." In Transport Infrastructure and Systems, 927–30. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315281896-119.

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Kashyap, Ramgopal. "Artificial Intelligence Systems in Aviation." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1–26. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7588-7.ch001.

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The aim of this chapter is to research and fundamentally evaluate counterfeit shrewd frameworks to recognize for outperforming human insight in the flights and its conceivable ramifications. How artificial intelligence (AI) makes current airship framework incorporates an assortment of programmed control framework that guides the flight team in route, flight administration and enlarging the security qualities of the plane, and how building aircraft engine diagnostics ontology, air traffic management, and constraint programming (CP) is useful in ATM setting. How flight security can be enhanced through the advancement and usage of mining, utilizing its outcomes and knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approach in an all-encompassing methodology for use in airship reasonable outline, is discussed. The early recognizable proof and finding of mistakes, the study of huge information and its effect on the transportation business and enhanced transit system, the agent-based mobile airline search, and booking framework using AI are shown.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Li, Hanlin, Xiaowei Wu, Leong Hou U, and Kun Pang Kou. "Near-Optimal Fixed-Route Scheduling for Crowdsourced Transit System." In 2021 IEEE 37th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde51399.2021.00236.

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Forde, S. "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - the route to compliance for railway fixed power supplies from a contractor's view point." In International Conference on Developments in Mass Transit Systems. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980116.

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Banerjee, Subharthi, Michael Hempel, Pejman Ghasemzadeh, Naji Albakay, and Hamid Sharif. "High Speed Train Wireless Communication: Handover Performance Analysis for Different Radio Access Technologies." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1247.

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High Speed Trains (HST) face some of the most stringent requirements for ensuring passenger safety and comfort while operating at very high velocities. HST wireless communication systems therefore similarly require special considerations for network design, technology selection and system implementation. For infrastructure-based wireless communications, a handover occurs whenever a radio transitions from the coverage of the current base station to the next base station. The faster the train moves the shorter the time that it spends under coverage area before a handover is required. For HST this can be as short as 10–20 seconds. Furthermore, a HST moving at 220 mph experiences significant fast and small-scale wireless signal fading due to this velocity, but similarly may incur frequent connectivity losses due to the rapid transit across coverage areas. A route consisting of viaducts, bridges, tunnels or hilly regions drastically increases the need for rapid handovers since a large number of base stations are required to provide coverage and achieve acceptable Quality-of-Service (QoS) in such environments. Due to the relatively fixed amount of time needed to complete a handover, and the possibility of failed handovers, this reduces the usable time under coverage, and thus ensuring an optimal handover strategy selection is vital. Most of the routes span rural and suburban areas, which reinforces the need for a comprehensive network planning strategy, as these areas tend to be underdeveloped for cellular coverage. Given the complexity in available radio spectrum resources, detailed studies are required to aid in this technology selection process. However, with the predicted increase in the demand of railroad network data traffic generated by onboard sensors, onboard control and operation devices, passenger Internet services, etc., it becomes apparent that more resources are needed than are provided by current technologies such as LTE. Thus, including 5G New Radio for Railways (5G-NR2) in the consideration does not only provide railways a more cost-effective licensing option for frequencies, but also an opportunity to select the best possible radio access method for a given HST corridor. In this paper, we focus on the metrics related to handover and how they correlate with different radio access technologies for HST. Our results integrate the uncertainty of environmental factors to provide answers on technology selection driven by specific route, inter-site distances, and available bandwidth. Our wireless communication simulation results are driven by well recognized mathematical models that consider a variety of key parameters. The analysis of the handover performance will offer insights vital to future railroad network planning for multivariate radio access technologies, and to answer crucial questions about the potential for using frequency bands above 6 GHz in HST.
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Cichy, G. R. "ITS application to fixed rail transit (ITS metro)." In Vehicle Navigation and Information Systems Conference, 1996. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vnis.1996.1623751.

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Kuhn, M. "Automatic route setting integrated in a modern traffic management system." In International Conference on Developments in Mass Transit Systems. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980110.

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Zhai, Huawei, Weishi Zhang, Licheng Cui, Hongbo Liu, and Ajith Abraham. "A Bigraph Model for Multi-route Choice in Urban Rail Transit." In 2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt.2011.166.

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Ni, Peng, Hoang Tam Vo, Daniel Dahlmeier, Wentong Cai, Jordan Ivanchev, and Heiko Aydt. "DEPART: Dynamic Route Planning in Stochastic Time-Dependent Public Transit Networks." In 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2015.271.

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Castaneda, Steven M., and J. David Mori. "Sustainable "Green" Transportation Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Technologies into Automated Fixed Guideway Systems." In 13th International Conference on Automated People Movers and Transit Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41193(424)27.

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Chen, Xumei, Shuxia Guo, Lei Yu, and Bruce Hellinga. "Short-term forecasting of transit route OD matrix with smart card data." In 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2011.6082929.

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Fan, Wei, Zegeye Gurmu, and Elias Haile. "A bi-level metaheuristic approach to designing Optimal Bus Transit Route Network." In 2013 IEEE 3rd Annual International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2013.6705464.

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Reports on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Mistretta, Mark. Fixed Route Transit Scheduling in Florida: The State of the Industry. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2003-12.

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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.

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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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DeRobertis, Michelle, Christopher E. Ferrell, Richard W. Lee, and David Moore. City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1951.

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Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affect public transport providers’ ability to deliver transit services. They were found from a comprehensive literature review, interviews and discussions with five local transit agencies in the U.S., five public transportation experts and staff from five California cities. The city policies and practices identified fall into the following five categories: Infrastructure for buses, including bus lanes, signal treatments, curbside access; Infrastructure for pedestrians walking and bicycling to, and waiting at, transit stops and stations; Internal transportation planning policies and practices; Land development review policies; Regional and metropolitan planning organization (MPO) issues. The understanding, acknowledgment, and implementation of policies and practices identified in this report can help municipalities proactively work with local transit providers to more efficiently and effectively operate transit service and improve passenger comfort and safety on city streets.
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Rodier, Caroline, Andrea Broaddus, Miguel Jaller, Jeffery Song, Joschka Bischoff, and Yunwan Zhang. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Novel Access Modes: A Case Study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1816.

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The first-mile, last-mile problem is a significant deterrent for potential transit riders, especially in suburban neighborhoods with low density. Transit agencies have typically sought to solve this problem by adding parking spaces near transit stations and adding stops to connect riders to fixed-route transit. However, these measures are often only short-term solutions. In the last few years, transit agencies have tested whether new mobility services, such as ridehailing, ridesharing, and microtransit, can offer fast, reliable connections to and from transit stations. However, there is limited research that evaluates the potential impacts of these projects. Concurrently, there is growing interest in the future of automated vehicles (AVs) and the potential of AVs to solve this first-mile problem by reducing the cost of providing these new mobility services to promote access to transit. This paper expands upon existing research to model the simulate the travel and revenue impacts of a fleet of automated vehicles that provide transit access services in the San Francisco Bay Area offered over a range of fares. The model simulates a fleet of AVs for first-mile transit access at different price points for three different service models (door-to-door ridehailing and ridesharing and meeting point ridesharing services). These service models include home-based drop-off and pick-up for single passenger service (e.g., Uber and Lyft), home-based drop-off and pick-up for multi-passenger service (e.g., microtransit), and meeting point multi-passenger service (e.g., Via).
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