Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fixed beam moving stage

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fixed beam moving stage'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fixed beam moving stage"

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Khodadad, Iman, Nathan Nelson-Fitzpatrick, Kevin Burcham, Arsen Hajian, and Simarjeet S. Saini. "Electron beam lithography using fixed beam moving stage." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 35, no. 5 (September 2017): 051601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4997018.

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Mere, Viphretuo, and Shankar Kumar Selvaraja. "Method to fabricate taper waveguide using fixed-beam moving stage electron-beam lithography." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 18, no. 04 (October 17, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.18.4.043503.

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Demessie Yallew, Henock, Jana Jágerská, and Martin M. Greve. "Long, stitch-free slot waveguide with s-bend tapered couplers for IR-sensing applications using electron beam lithography." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 1 (January 2023): 012601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002187.

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We use the fixed beam moving stage (FBMS) electron beam lithography technique to pattern a 10 mm long slot waveguide with s-bend tapered double-tip couplers. The fabrication method solves two major limitations of the FBMS mode, namely, the requirement for fixed-width structures and the incidence of stage placement drift for patterns involving elements of different widths. This has been achieved by fracturing the outline of the structure into fixed-width elements of gradually increasing width and creating intermediate overlap areas between the elements to mitigate the stage placement drifts.
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Roselli, Luca, Valeria Palazzari, Federico Alimenti, Paolo Mezzanotte, Matteo Comez, and Nicola Porzi. "Robust road-to-car communications by means of an active Ku-band RF Self-IDentification (RFSID) system." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078710000243.

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This paper deals with a robust RFSID (Radio Frequency Self IDentification) system for road-to-car communications. The RFSID-based system operates in Ku-band and consists of a fixed transmitter, located at the road side, and of a receiver unit placed on the moving target, i.e. a car in its first proposed application. A slotted waveguide antenna array is used to illuminate the moving object at the desired position, whereas a four-patch array antenna is adopted at the receiver side. Both the antennas have been designed using numerical simulations based on a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm. When the moving object crosses the antenna beam a triggering pulse is generated by the receiver; such a pulse can be used to reset or update the electronics aboard the vehicle and to log specific information coming from location-based systems (LBSs), into the car equipments. A digital transmission of gold sequences and a post-processing unit have been exploited so far to increase the robustness and the accuracy of the system. At this stage of the development the system benefit of extensive field tests, being adopted for some years by many top Formula 1 racing teams as a lap trigger system, used to reset the on-board electronics when the car crosses either the finishing line and peculiar path reference points. The temporal accuracy exhibited is better than 1 ms with a coverage of about 90 m.
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Yang, Jing, Xuhui He, Haiquan Jing, Hanfeng Wang, and Sévérin Tinmitonde. "Dynamics of Double-Beam System with Various Symmetric Boundary Conditions Traversed by a Moving Force: Analytical Analyses." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061218.

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Dynamics of the double-beam system under moving loads have been paid much attention due to its wide applications in reality from the analytical point of view but the previous studies are limited to the simply supported boundary condition. In this study, to understand the vibration mechanism of the system with various boundary conditions, the double-beam system consisted of two general beams with a variety of symmetric boundary conditions (fixed-fixed, pinned-pinned, fixed-pinned, pinned-fixed and fixed-free) under the action of a moving force is studied analytically. The closed-form frequencies and mode shapes of the system with various symmetric boundary conditions are presented by the Bernoulli-Fourier method and validated with Finite Element results. The analytical explicit solutions are derived by the Modal Superposition method, which are verified with numerical results and previous results in the literature. As found, each wavenumber of the double-beam system is corresponding to two sub-modes of the system and the two sub-modes associated with the first wavenumber of the system both contribute significantly to the vibration of the system under a moving force. The analytical solutions indicate that the mass ratio, the bending stiffness ratio, the stiffness ratio of contact springs and the speed ratio of the moving force are the factors influencing the vibrations of the system under a moving force. The relationships between these dimensionless parameters and the displacement ratio of the system are investigated and presented in the form of plots, which could be referred in the design of the double-beam system.
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Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Vibration of an axially moving beam wrapping on fixed pulleys." Journal of Sound and Vibration 280, no. 3-5 (February 2005): 1066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.02.037.

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Chawda, Denil, and Senthil Murugan. "Dynamic Response of a Cantilevered Beam Under Combined Moving Moment, Torque and Force." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 05 (May 2020): 2050065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500650.

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This paper studies the dynamic response of a cantilevered beam subjected to a moving moment and torque, and combination of them with a moving force. The moving loads are considered to traverse along the length of the beam either from fixed-to-free end or free-to-fixed end. The beam is considered to have constant material and geometric properties. The beam is modeled using the Rayleigh beam theory considering the rotary inertia effects. The Dirac-delta function used to model the moving loads in the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) has complicated the solution of the problem. The Eigenfunction expansions coupled with the Laplace transformation method is used to find the semi-analytical solution for the resulting governing PDEs. The effects of moving loads on the dynamic response are studied. The dynamic effects are quantified based on the number of oscillations per unit travel time of the moving load and the Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) of the beam’s tip response. Numerical results are also analyzed for the two-speed regimes, namely high-speed and low-speed regimes, defined with respect to the critical speed of the moving loads. The accuracy of the analytical solutions are verified by the finite element analysis. The numerical results show that the loads moving with low speeds have significant impact on the dynamic response compared to high speeds. Also, the moving moment has significant impact on the amplitude of dynamic response compared with the moving force case.
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Berkani, Amirouche, and Nasser-eddine Tatar. "Stabilization of a viscoelastic Timoshenko beam fixed into a moving base." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 14, no. 5 (2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2018057.

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In this paper, we are concerned with a cantilevered Timoshenko beam. The beam is viscoelastic and subject to a translational displacement. Consequently, the Timoshenko system is complemented by an ordinary differential equation describing the dynamic of the base to which the beam is attached to. We establish a control force capable of driving the system to the equilibrium state with a certain speed depending on the decay rate of the relaxation function.
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Jun, Zhang, Ming Kang Gou, and Chuan Liang. "Experimental Simulation of Bridges Subjected by Moving Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.208.

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The effect of bridge vibrationinduced bylive loads such as vehicles and pedestrians is an important factor of bridge fatigue damage. It takes much labor and material resource to perform vibration experiments on bridges subjected by real moving loads in field. In order to carry out laboratory experiments on bridges subjected by moving loads, a fixed load with harmonic vibration simulates a moving load on bridge in the beam theory. A simply supported bridge is considered in the present study. The dynamic responses of bridge under different loads are established by the analytic method. Amplitude and frequency of the simulated load are generated on the principle of equal displacements due to both a moving load and a fixed harmonic load impacting on a simply supported beam. Comparisons of numerical results of two types of load on the same beam indicate that the harmonic load can simulate a moving load effectively. It is possible that the field test on bridge can be carried out indoors.
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Lu, Lei, Xiao-Dong Yang, Wei Zhang, and Siu-Kai Lai. "On Travelling Wave Modes of Axially Moving String and Beam." Shock and Vibration 2019 (December 12, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9496180.

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The traditional vibrational standing-wave modes of beams and strings show static overall contour with finite number of fixed nodes. The travelling wave modes are investigated in this study of axially moving string and beam although the solutions have been obtained in the literature. The travelling wave modes show time-varying contour instead of static contour. In the model of an axially moving string, only backward travelling wave modes are found and verified by experiments. Although there are n − 1 fixed nodes in the nth order mode, similar to the vibration of traditional static strings, the presence of travelling wave phenomenon is still spotted between any two adjacent nodes. In contrast to the stationary nodes of string modes, the occurrence of galloping nodes of axially moving beams is discovered: the nodes oscillate periodically during modal motions. Both forward and backward travelling wave phenomena are detected for the axially moving beam case. It is found that the ranges of forward travelling wave modes increase with the axially moving speed. It is also concluded that backward travelling wave modes can transform to the forward travelling wave modes as the transport speed surpasses the buckling critical speed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fixed beam moving stage"

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Meszaros, Johan. "Large area zone plate exposure by fixed beam moving stage lithography." Thesis, KTH, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-44548.

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In this diploma project the so-called fixed beam moving stage (FBMS) module in the Raith 150 electron beam lithography system has been evaluated for making large area zone plate exposures. The project goal, besides the evaluation of the module, has been to find an exposure recipe for exposing zone plates with diameter up to 500 μm. The zone plates fabricated with this method will be used for synchrotron and x-ray free electron laser applications. The thesis starts with a short introduction to zone plate properties and fabrication procedures. Then the work where FBMS exposed zone plates are compared with normal write field exposures of 75 μm diameter zone plates is described. The conclusion is that for these small diameters, major problems with wobbly zones occur for the FBMS patterns. However, for larger diameters the pattern typically looks better. The final result with large area exposures are excellent zone plate patterns with 500 μm diameter and 100 nm outermost zone width. The total exposure time was 2 h 15 min. This relatively short time indicate that it will be practically possible to use the Raith system for these large area exposures.
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Chao, Wei-Shih, and 趙尉世. "Dynamics and Control for a Bernoulli-Euler Beam Fixed on a Moving Cart." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43403079227053331433.

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碩士
清雲科技大學
機械工程研究所
95
This thesis deals with active damping control problems of elastic beam fixed on a moving cart. Therefore, the motion and control of Bernoulli-Euler beam fixed on a moving cart will be analysis in this study. The moving cart is mounted on the linear motion stage system. This research develops an innovative approach for achieving a high performance adaptive piezoelectric absorber. The controller has two separate feedback loops for positioning and damping, and the damping controller is independent of liner motion stage positioning control. Due to the adaptive capability of fuzzy inference systems, its applications to adaptive control and learning control are immediate. For this purpose, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system has been used to optimize the fuzzy IF-THEN rules and the membership functions to derive a more efficient fuzzy control. Simulation and experimental validation of the ball-screw mechanism demonstrate the effectiveness of the PD and fuzzy controller. Consequently, the propose control methodologies demonstrate the structural vibration reduction using collocated piezoelectric actuator/sensor pairs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fixed beam moving stage"

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Mohanty, Anwesa, Rabindra Kumar Behera, and S. K. Pradhan. "Nonlinear Behaviour of Fixed-Fixed Beam with a Moving Mass." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 753–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2696-1_72.

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Vlaškovic, Veljko. "Parenthood and Parental Responsibility of the Underage Parents in the Era of Childrenʹs Rights." In Law in the process of globalisation, 473–93. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lawpg.473v.

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Legal status of the underage parent comprises conflicting roles of a parent and a child in the same person. It triggers many legal issues primarily revolved around underage parents’ capability to exercise parental responsibility. Using their natural ability to bear the child, the underage parents actually step out of the boundaries of childhood moving into to world of adulthood despite of the fixed age limits accepted by the law in order to separate, somehow artificially, those two domains. Since life usually precedes the law, giving birth to a child by the underage parents creates a legal mess where the rights and interests of the various participants are at stake. However, the lawmakers are torn between two basic ideas to protect the rights of the newborn and to enable natural parents to acquire parental responsibility so they can perform their duties as parents. This has been shown to be quite complicated task involving the consideration of different concepts such as reproductive liberty, legal parenthood, active legal capacity and child’s rights. Those issues have been considered by the author having in mind the complex picture of child’s rights, comparative law and national substantive family law rules. The attention is also paid to the solutions proposed by the draftmakers of Serbian Civil Code which could be adopted in the near future.
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Koplowitz, Stephan. "Designing the Event and Staging the Audience." In On Site, 34–44. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515235.003.0004.

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This chapter distinguishes the audience’s role and perspective when attending a conventional concert/proscenium stage event and a site-specific performance. The primary difference is that, with site creation, both the experience and meaning of the piece are influenced by how the audience physically encounters the art, so you must decide early in your creative and production timeline how the audience will experience the physical site and where they will be situated in relation to the performers. Audience design is a key part of the performance concept. The chapter explains how staging the audience can support the work’s intention, emphasize the site’s physical properties, and create the best viewing sightlines for the performance and emphasizes that the physical selected site is the subject matter of the work. Therefore, the design of how an audience sees the site must be integrated into the fabric of the performance experience. A brief overview of different audience design models are described in detail: frontal or proscenium design; fixed place, pivoting audience; fixed audience, multiple views; mobile audience/promenade performance; self-directed promenade with unified conclusion; mobile audience in moving vehicles; extended promenade performances; and simultaneous performances. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ticketing and its impact on audience size and design.
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Yoo, Youngjun, Janghee Choi, Hohyun Keum, Hyunchul Tae, Hoon Jeong, and Jonghyun Kim. "Topology Optimization Design Parameter Enhanced by Univariate Dynamic Encoding Algorithm for Searches." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230052.

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This paper proposes a methodology to find the hyperparameter that minimizes the compliance of the topology using a univariate dynamic encoding algorithm for searches. The difficulty in topology optimization is that there are various parameters that affects the topology of the modeling design such as the size of the elements to be designed, skip level, Poissions’ ratio, volume fraction limit, penalization power, and filter size. In most studies, these parameters were fixed and topology optimization was performed until the compliance value (cost value) converged. However, the result of the final topology optimization changes according to the change of the value of the hyperparameter in the design stage, it is necessary to study the optimization according to the change of the hyperparameters. To solve this difficulty, this paper pro- poses the methodology for hyperparameter optimization using a univariate dynamic encoding algorithm for searches. The hyperparameters were optimized using the proposed method with three topology optimization problems (both 2D and 3D cantilever beam, and 3D wheel) to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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Tait, Roger, and Gerald Schaefer. "Distributed Medical Image and Volume Registration." In Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems, 465–71. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch059.

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The ability to visualise hidden structures in detail using 3-D volume data has become a valuable resource in medical imaging applications (Maintz & Viergever, 1998). Importantly, the alignment of volumes enables the combination of different structural and functional information for diagnosis and planning purposes (Pluim, Maintz, & Viergever, 2003). Transform optimisation, resampling, and similarity calculation form the basic stages of a registration process (Zitova & Flusser, 2003): During transform optimisation, translation and rotation parameters which geometrically map points in the reference (fixed) image/volume to points in the sensed (moving) image/volume are estimated. Once estimated, pixel/voxel intensities which are mapped into nondiscrete coordinates are interpolated during the resampling stage. After resampling, a metric is used for similarity calculation in which the degree of likeness between corresponding volumes is evaluated (Tait & Schaefer, 2008). Optimisation of the similarity measure is the goal of the registration process and is achieved by seeking the best transform. All possible transform parameters therefore define the search space. Due to the iterative nature of registration algorithms, similarity calculation represents a considerable performance bottleneck which limits the speed of time critical clinical applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fixed beam moving stage"

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Sanabia, Jason E., Kevin E. Burcham, Joseph Klingfus, Guido Piaszenski, Michael Kahl, and Ralf Jede. "Fixed Beam Moving Stage Electron Beam Lithography of Waveguide Coupling Device Structures." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cm4l.3.

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Mere, Viphretuo, and Shankar Kumar Selvaraja. "Silicon Slot Waveguide Mach-Zehnder Using Fixed Electron Beam Moving Stage Patterning Technique." In 2018 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Electronics (ICEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee44586.2018.8937940.

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Mere, Viphretuo, and Shankar Kumar Selvaraja. "Demonstration of alignment-error-free pattering of tapered waveguide using fixed beam moving stage e-beam lithography." In Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics XII, edited by Georg von Freymann, Winston V. Schoenfeld, and Raymond C. Rumpf. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509150.

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Sridharan, Gayathri M., B. Maharaja, and Shanti Bhattacharya. "Nanofabrication of large-area gratings using electron beam lithography in normal and fixed beam moving stage modes." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2016.w3a.13.

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Marrakchi, Abdellatif, R. V. Johnson, and Armand R. Tanguay. "Polarization properties of two-beam coupling with running gratings in BSO." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fg3.

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Self-diffraction in bismuth silicon oxide (Bi12-SiO20 or BSO) crystals exhibits pronounced optical polarization effects due to concomitant natural optical activity and electric field-induced linear birefringence. Foote and Hall have recently studied the case wherein BSO is used in the diffusion limit (i.e., with small linear birefringence) and with a fixed grating.1 The model described herein extends these results to the case of an optically active material in which either fixed or running gratings can be present, in both the diffusion and/or drift limits. Detailed computer studies of this polarization behavior have clarified the optimum configurations for maximizing energy transfer in two-wave mixing experiments, both with and without running gratings. Experimental parameters that can be manipulated for such an optimization include the crystallographic orientation, the polarization state of the incident beams, and the externally applied electric field. When both optical activity and absorption are included in the analysis, the effective electrooptic coefficient of BSO is closer to the value measured by electrooptic techniques2 compared to previously reported photorefractive measurements.3 In addition, the large enhancement of the space–charge field by the moving grating technique gives rise to peculiar polarization properties that are commonly used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in photorefractive devices utilizing BSO crystals.
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Scheppegrell, James, Adriane G. Moura, Jacob Dodson, and Austin Downey. "Optimization of Rapid State Estimation in Structures Subjected to High-Rate Boundary Change." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2306.

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Abstract Many structures are subjected to varying forces, moving boundaries, and other dynamic conditions. Whether part of a vehicle, building, or active energy mitigation device, data on such changes can represent useful knowledge, but also presents challenges in its collection and analysis. In systems where changes occur rapidly, assessment of the system’s state within a useful time span is required to enable an appropriate response before the system’s state changes further. Rapid state estimation is especially important but poses unique difficulties. In determining the state of a structural system subjected to high-rate dynamic changes, measuring the frequency response is one method that can be used to draw inferences, provided the system is adequately understood and defined. The work presented here is the result of an investigation into methods to determine the frequency response, and thus state, of a structure subjected to high-rate boundary changes in real-time. In order to facilitate development, the Air Force Research Laboratory created the DROPBEAR, a testbed with an oscillating beam subjected to a continuously variable boundary condition. One end of the beam is held by a stationary fixed support, while a pinned support is able to move along the beam’s length. The free end of the beam structure is instrumented with acceleration, velocity, and position sensors measuring the beam’s vertical axis. Direct position measurement of the pin location is also taken to provide a reference for comparison with numerical models. This work presents a numerical investigation into methods for extracting the frequency response of a structure in real-time. An FFT based method with a rolling window is used to track the frequency of a data set generated to represent the range of the DROPBEAR, and is run with multiple window lengths. The frequency precision and latency of the FFT method is analyzed in each configuration. A specialized frequency extraction technique, Delayed Comparison Error Minimization, is implemented with parameters optimized for the frequency range of interest. The performance metrics of latency and precision are analyzed and compared to the baseline rolling FFT method results, and applicability is discussed.
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Song, Yihao, and Yanfeng Shen. "Shape Memory Metamaterials With Adaptive Bandgaps for Ultra-Wide Frequency Spectrum Vibration Control." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10902.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel shape memory metamaterial, which can achieve adaptively tunable bandgaps for ultra-wide frequency spectrum vibration control. The microstructure is composed of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire and a metallic spring combined together with bakelite blocks, loaded by a lumped mass made of lead. The adaptive bandgap mechanism is achieved via the large deformation of the metamaterial unit cell structure during the heating and cooling cycle. By applying different heating temperature on the SMA wire, morphing microstructural shapes can be achieved. Parametric design is conducted by adjusting the lead block mass. Finally, an optimized microstructural design rendering a large deformation is chosen. Finite element models (FEMs) are constructed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the metamaterial system. Effective mass density of the unit cell is calculated to investigate and demonstrate the bandgap tuning phenomenon. In the simulation, two extreme shapes are simulated adhering to the experimental observations. The effective negative mass density and the moving trends are obtained, representing the development and shifting of the bandgaps. The width of the bandgap region covers about 50 Hz from the room-temperature state to the heating state. This enables the vibration suppression within this wide frequency region. Subsequently, a metamaterial chain containing ten unit cells is modeled, aligned on an aluminum cantilever beam. An external normal force with a sweeping frequency is applied on the beam near the fixed end. Harmonic analysis is performed to further explore the frequency response of the mechanical system. The modeling results from modal analysis, effective mass density extraction, and harmonic analysis agree well with each other, demonstrating the prowess of the proposed shape memory metamaterial for ultra-wide frequency spectrum control.
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Yang, Zhigang, Wanzhen Li, Zhenxing Yang, and Jiguang Zhang. "Natural Frequency Numerical Solution to an Axially Moving Timoshenko Beam on Fixed Supports." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icadme-15.2015.172.

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Ohiwa, T., M. Goto, R. Yoshikawa, H. wada, T. Tojo, and Y. Muraguchi. "A New Registration Method for Continuously Moving Stage Variably Shaped Electron Beam Systems." In 1985 Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1985.a-5-2.

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Rhushi Prasad, P., P. B. Gangavati, H. V. Byregowda, and K. S. Badarinarayan. "Design and Analysis of Solar Tracking System for Multipurpose Domestic Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62102.

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Now-a-days the field of applied mechanical systems opens new horizons for the use of orientation mechanisms. The opportunity to use mechanisms with a “sustainable purpose” leads to new approaches in the development of renewable energy systems design. The evaluation of the existing products shows that the tracking mechanisms for solar energy conversion systems may improve the efficiency of the solar energy conversion systems up to 30% to 50%. Applications of solar energy for domestic and industrial heating purposes have been becoming very popular. However the effectiveness of presently used fixed flat plate collectors, PV panels and parabolic collector are low due to the moving nature of the energy source. The presents research was carried out in the field of increasing the efficiency of the solar energy received by the solar collectors like PV panels, Flat plate collectors, Cylindrical Parabolic collectors using tracking systems by changing the position of the solar collectors correlated to the sun position for getting maximum radiation use of beam radiation falling on the solar collector. Two main aspects are taken into consideration, one optimizing the interaction between the mechatronic system components by integrating the analog electronic system by using a 555 timer in the mechanical model, and secondly by reducing the cost & time for the design process. The research work was carried out for location in chickballapur district at BGS R&D centre in Karnataka State, India. The results obtained in work is 24% increase in tracking efficiency of experimental model of flat plate collector, 30% increase in tracking efficiency in working model flat plate collector, 39 % increase in tracking efficiency of cylindrical parabolic collector and 36% increases in tracking efficiency of the Photovoltaic panel is found when compared to the non-tracking systems respectively. This paper presents the results of PV panel collector in detail for increasing the efficiency of the PV panel collector by tracking system with comparison of non-tracking system.
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