Journal articles: 'Fixation CO2'

1

SAIKI, Hiroshi. "Biological CO2 Fixation." Shigen-to-Sozai 110, no. 14 (1994): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.110.1075.

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Javor, Barbara J. "CO2 fixation in halobacteria." Archives of Microbiology 149, no. 5 (March 1988): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00425584.

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Yang, Qi Peng, Xiu Lin Wang, Xiao Yong Shi, Ke Qiang Li, and Li Hong Yue. "Study on Biological Fixation of High-Concentration CO₂ Using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.361.

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CO2 emissions have serious impact on the world economy, especially at high-concentration. Green algae are known to have a tolerance to high CO2 level. In this paper, the rate of CO2 fixation using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa was analyzed in different environments. 1) Chlorella Pyrenoidosa fixed CO2 slowly in air, while this alga could rapidly grow in high-concentration CO2 until CO2 level was beyond 10%. At 25% CO2, the rate of CO2 fixation was lower than that at 10% CO2, but still 1.18 times as higher as in air. 2) At lower initial inoculation density of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, its growth rate was relatively high but the rate of CO2 fixation was low. When initial inoculation density beyond 0.187×108cells/ml, the average rate of CO2 fixation was ranged from 2.786 gCO2/L·d to 2.847 gCO2/L·d. 3) During the five days, the average rate of CO2 fixation was 3.044 gCO2/L·d in NaNO3 resource. When NH4Cl or NaNO2 is regarded as N resource, the rate of CO2 fixation was almost neglectable.

4

Hungate, B. A., B. D. Duval, P. Dijkstra, D. W. Johnson, M. E. Ketterer, P. Stiling, W. Cheng, J. Millman, A. Hartley, and D. B. Stover. "Nitrogen inputs and losses in response to chronic CO2 exposure in a subtropical oak woodland." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (June 23, 2014): 3323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3323-2014.

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Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may alter the nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems by changing N inputs and N losses, but responses vary in field experiments, possibly because multiple mechanisms are at play. We measured N fixation and N losses in a subtropical oak woodland exposed to 11 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We also explored the role of herbivory, carbon limitation, and competition for light or nutrients in shaping the response of N fixation to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 did not significantly alter gaseous N losses, but lower recovery and deeper distribution in the soil of a long-term 15N tracer indicated that elevated CO2 increased leaching losses. Elevated CO2 had no effect on nonsymbiotic N fixation, and had a transient effect on symbiotic N fixation by the dominant legume. Elevated CO2 tended to reduce soil and plant concentrations of iron, molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium, nutrients essential for N fixation. Competition for nutrients and herbivory likely contributed to the declining response of N fixation to elevated CO2. These results indicate that positive responses of N fixation to elevated CO2 may be transient and that chronic exposure to elevated CO2 can increase N leaching. Models that assume increased fixation or reduced N losses with elevated CO2 may overestimate future N accumulation in the biosphere.

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Hungate, B. A., B. D. Duval, P. Dijkstra, D. W. Johnson, M. E. Ketterer, P. Stiling, W. Cheng, J. Millman, A. Hartley, and D. B. Stover. "Nitrogen inputs and losses in response to chronic CO2 exposure in a sub-tropical oak woodland." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 61–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-61-2014.

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Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations could alter the nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems by changing N inputs and N losses, but responses vary in field experiments, possibly because multiple mechanisms are at play. We measured N fixation and N losses in a subtropical oak woodland exposed to 11 yr of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We also explored the role of herbivory, carbon limitation, and competition for light and nutrients in shaping response of N fixation to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 did not significantly alter gaseous N losses, but lower recovery and deeper distribution in the soil of a long-term 15N tracer indicated that elevated CO2 increased leaching losses. Elevated CO2 had no effect on asymbiotic N fixation, and had a transient effect on symbiotic N fixation by the dominant legume. Elevated CO2 tended to reduce soil and plant concentrations of iron, molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium, nutrients essential for N fixation. Competition for nutrients and herbivory likely contributed to the declining response N fixation to elevated CO2. These results indicate that positive responses of N fixation to elevated CO2 may be transient, and that chronic exposure to elevated CO2 can increase N leaching. Models that assume increased fixation or reduced N losses with elevated CO2 may overestimate future N accumulation in the biosphere.

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Braun, Alexander, Marina Spona-Friedl, Maria Avramov, Martin Elsner, Federico Baltar, Thomas Reinthaler, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Christian Griebler. "Reviews and syntheses: Heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon – significant but invisible flux in environmental carbon cycling." Biogeosciences 18, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021.

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Abstract. Heterotrophic CO2 fixation is a significant yet underappreciated CO2 flux in environmental carbon cycling. In contrast to photosynthesis and chemolithoautotrophy – the main recognized autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways – the importance of heterotrophic CO2 fixation remains enigmatic. All heterotrophs – from microorganisms to humans – take up CO2 and incorporate it into their biomass. Depending on the availability and quality of growth substrates, and drivers such as the CO2 partial pressure, heterotrophic CO2 fixation contributes at least 1 %–5 % and in the case of methanotrophs up to 50 % of the carbon biomass. Assuming a standing stock of global heterotrophic biomass of 47–85 Pg C, we roughly estimate that up to 5 Pg C might be derived from heterotrophic CO2 fixation, and up to 12 Pg C yr−1 originating from heterotrophic CO2 fixation is funneled into the global annual heterotrophic production of 34–245 Pg C yr−1. These first estimates on the importance of heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon indicate that this pathway should be incorporated in present and future carbon cycling budgets.

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Pu, Xin, and Yejun Han. "Promotion of Carbon Dioxide Biofixation through Metabolic and Enzyme Engineering." Catalysts 12, no. 4 (April 3, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12040399.

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Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas, and its fixation and transformation are receiving increasing attention. Biofixation of CO2 is an eco–friendly and efficient way to reduce CO2, and six natural CO2 fixation pathways have been identified in microorganisms and plants. In this review, the six pathways along with the most recent identified variant pathway were firstly comparatively characterized. The key metabolic process and enzymes of the CO2 fixation pathways were also summarized. Next, the enzymes of Rubiscos, biotin-dependent carboxylases, CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, and 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases, for transforming inorganic carbon (CO2, CO, and bicarbonate) to organic chemicals, were specially analyzed. Then, the factors including enzyme properties, CO2 concentrating, energy, and reducing power requirements that affect the efficiency of CO2 fixation were discussed. Recent progress in improving CO2 fixation through enzyme and metabolic engineering was then summarized. The artificial CO2 fixation pathways with thermodynamical and/or energetical advantages or benefits and their applications in biosynthesis were included as well. The challenges and prospects of CO2 biofixation and conversion are discussed.

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Luo, Shanshan, Paul P. Lin, Liang-Yu Nieh, Guan-Bo Liao, Po-Wen Tang, Chi Chen, and James C. Liao. "A cell-free self-replenishing CO2-fixing system." Nature Catalysis 5, no. 2 (February 2022): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00746-x.

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AbstractBiological CO2 fixation is so far the most effective means for CO2 reduction at scale and accounts for most of the CO2 fixed on Earth. Through this process, carbon is fixed in cellular components and biomass during organismal growth. To uncouple CO2 fixation from growth and cellular regulation, cell-free CO2 fixation systems represent an alternative approach since the rate can be independently manipulated. Here we designed an oxygen-insensitive, self-replenishing CO2 fixation system with opto-sensing. The system comprises a synthetic reductive glyoxylate and pyruvate synthesis (rGPS) cycle and the malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to produce acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), pyruvate and malate from CO2, which are also intermediates in the cycle. We solved various problems associated with the in vitro system, and implemented opto-sensing modules to control the regeneration of cofactors. We accomplished sustained operation for 6 hours with a CO2-fixing rate comparable to or greater than typical CO2 fixation rates of photosynthetic or lithoautotrophic organisms.

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Gong, Fuyu, Zhen Cai, and Yin Li. "Synthetic biology for CO2 fixation." Science China Life Sciences 59, no. 11 (October 26, 2016): 1106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-016-0304-2.

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10

TANAKA, KOJI. "CO2 fixation by enzyme model." Kagaku To Seibutsu 30, no. 8 (1992): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.30.530.

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11

Chen, Hao, Yuye Jiang, Kai Zhu, Jingwen Yang, Yanxia Fu, and Shuang Wang. "A Review on Industrial CO2 Capture through Microalgae Regulated by Phytohormones and Cultivation Processes." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020897.

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Microalgae is a promising metabolism microorganism for the fixation of CO2 from industrial gas while accumulating microalgae biomass. The process of CO2 fixation by microalgae is able to be significantly improved by the regulation of phytohormones. However, the complex metabolic mechanism of microalgae regulated by phytohormones and abiotic stress on CO2 fixation deserves to be explored. To systematically understand the existing status and establish a foundation for promoting the technology, this paper reviews investigations on the metabolic mechanism of microalgae regulated by phytohormones. The influences of nitrogen stress, light intensity stress, heavy metal stress, and salinity stress on CO2 fixation and lipid production are summarized. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the multistage regulation of phytohormones and abiotic stress on CO2 fixation and lipid production through microalgae is presented. The recent advances in CO2 transfer reinforcement and light transmission reinforcement in photobioreactors are discussed. This review provides an insight into the enhancement of CO2 fixation by microalgae regulated by phytohormones, abiotic stress, and mass transfer in multistage photobioreactors.

12

McGinn, Patrick J., David T. Canvin, and John R. Coleman. "Influx and efflux of inorganic carbon during steady-state photosynthesis of air-grown Anabaena variabilis." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-903.

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The inward and outward fluxes of inorganic carbon in illuminated cell suspensions of air-grown Anabaena variabilis were measured by mass spectrometry under conditions of inorganic carbon disequilibrium. The inclusion of 25 mM NaCl significantly enhanced both inward inorganic carbon influx during CO2 fixation and outward CO2 efflux when CO2 fixation was blocked by the Calvin cycle inhibitor, iodoacetamide. At low, steady-state concentrations of inorganic carbon (< 100μM), CO2 fixation was nearly entirely supported by HCO3− transport in the presence of 25 mM NaCl. At approximately 150 μM inorganic carbon, the contributions of CO2 and HCO3− transport to CO2 fixation were about equal. Above this, CO2 transport provided most of the substrate for CO2 fixation. The affinity (K0.5) of photosynthesizing cells for CO2, HCO3− and total inorganic carbon was determined and mean values of 1.7, 9.5, and 8.2 μM, respectively, were determined. Maximum rates of inward CO2 and HCO3− transport and CO2 fixation during steady state were 255.7, 307.3, and 329.1 μmol∙mg−1 Chl∙h−1, respectively. Permeability coefficients for CO2 of 9.8 × 10−8 m∙s−1 and 2.8 × 10−7 m∙s−1 were calculated for the plasma membrane and carboxysomal surface areas, respectively, from the dark efflux rates assuming an internal pH of 7.2. A permeability coefficient for HCO3− across the plasma membrane of 7.6 × 10−9 m∙s−1 was calculated from the dark inorganic carbon efflux corrected for the corresponding dark CO2 efflux. Sodium sulphide (Na2S, 200 μM) blocked CO2 transport. In the presence of 25 mM NaCl, net CO2 efflux was approximately seven times greater than in its absence, when CO2 transport and fixation were both blocked, indicating greater CO2 leakage as a result of larger internal inorganic carbon pools in the presence of NaCl. The rapidity and amount of C16O2 generated from the exchange of 18O from 18O-enriched HCO3− with water in cell suspensions suggested that the internal inorganic carbon pool may be rapidly equilibrated. Key words: Anabaena variabilis, CO2-concentrating mechanism, CO2 transport, HCO3− transport, CO2 efflux, permeability coefficient.

13

Verburg, P. SJ, W. Cheng, D. W. Johnson, and D. E. Schorran. "Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation in 3-year-old Jeffrey pines and the role of elevated [CO2]." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-077.

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Increased belowground labile C inputs under elevated [CO2] could stimulate nonsymbiotic N2 fixation, thereby enhancing growth responses of vegetation to elevated [CO2] on nutrient-poor sites. To test this hypothesis, nonsymbiotic N2 fixation rates in soils planted with 3-year-old Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) trees grown under 365 and 700 µL·L1 atmospheric [CO2] were measured by exposing the soil to 15N2-enriched air for 78 d. Nitrogen fixation rates were estimated by measuring 15N content of trees and soil. Compared with the ambient CO2 treatment, the elevated CO2 treatment did not affect biomass, N content, or δ15N of individual plant parts and soils, indicating that elevated [CO2] did not stimulate nonsymbiotic N2 fixation. Because belowground C inputs did not increase under elevated [CO2], the initial hypothesis could not be accepted or rejected. The results from the 15N2 labeling study agree with other studies showing that nonsymbiotic N2 fixation is not likely to provide a large input of N in forest ecosystems. The 15N2 labeling technique was promising for studying N2 fixation in plantsoil systems, but the preliminary nature of this study did not allow for firm conclusions with regard to the effects of elevated [CO2].

14

Chen, Xin, Hao Wu, Ying Chen, Jingwen Liao, Wenming Zhang, and Min Jiang. "Recent Advancements and Strategies of Improving CO2 Utilization Efficiency in Bio-Succinic Acid Production." Fermentation 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2023): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110967.

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The production of bio-based succinic acid through microbial CO2 fixation and conversion has gained significant attention as a promising approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, the low CO2 utilization efficiency limits the efficient biosynthesis of succinic acid. Therefore, it is crucial from environmental and economic perspectives to enhance the efficiency of CO2 utilization in bio-succinic acid production. This review comprehensively covers the introduction of biosynthetic pathways for microbial CO2 fixation and the conversion of CO2 to succinic acid, as well as the challenges associated with CO2 supply and utilization effectiveness. Moreover, strategies including genetic and metabolic engineering for CO2 fixation, extracellular supply methods of CO2 and some potential technical approaches for CO2 capture (such as micro-nano bubbles, CO2 adsorption material and biofilm) are summarized and presented.

15

Li, Jiawei, Xinqing Zhao, Jo-Shu Chang, and Xiaoling Miao. "A Two-Stage Culture Strategy for Scenedesmus sp. FSP3 for CO2 Fixation and the Simultaneous Production of Lutein under Light and Salt Stress." Molecules 27, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 7497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217497.

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In this study, Scenedesmus sp. FSP3 was cultured using a two-stage culture strategy for CO2 fixation and lutein production. During the first stage, propylene carbonate was added to the medium, with 5% CO2 introduced to promote the rapid growth and CO2 fixation of the microalgae. During the second stage of cultivation, a NaCl concentration of 156 mmol L−1 and a light intensity of 160 μmol m−2 s−1 were used to stimulate the accumulation of lutein in the microalgal cells. By using this culture method, high lutein production and CO2 fixation were simultaneously achieved. The biomass productivity and carbon fixation rate of Scenedesmus sp. FSP3 reached 0.58 g L−1 d−1 and 1.09 g L−1 d−1, with a lutein content and yield as high as 6.45 mg g−1 and 2.30 mg L−1 d−1, respectively. The results reveal a commercially feasible way to integrate microalgal lutein production with CO2 fixation processes.

16

Ge-Ge, Wang, Zhang Yuan, Wang Xiao-Yan, and Zhang Gen-Lin. "Microbial Conversion and Utilization of CO2." Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering 7, no. 1 (September 4, 2023): 045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001055.

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Rising greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to unprecedented levels of climate change, while microbial conversion and utilization of CO2 is a practical way to reduce emissions and promote green manufacturing. This article mainly summarizes several natural CO2 pathways that have been discovered, including the Calvin cycle, the reduced tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (HP/HB) cycle, the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate (DC/HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) cycle, the reductive glycine (rGly) pathway, and artificially designed carbon fixation pathways includes the CETCH cycle, the MOG pathway, the acetyl-CoA bicycle, and the POAP cycle. We also discussed applications of different carbon fixation enzymes, notably ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, pyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, as well as formate dehydrogenase. This paper further addressed the development of photosynthetic autotrophs, chemergic autotrophs and model bacteria Escherichia coli or yeast produced main products for CO2 fixation through metabolic engineering, such as alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids and lipids, bioplastics, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, and biomass. Future studies on CO2 microbial conversion should focus on improving the efficiency of carbon fixation enzymes, metabolic modules of the carbon sequestration pathway, and intracellular energy utilization. Coupled microbial and electrochemical methods for CO2 fixation, in addition to biological fixation, show considerable promise.

17

Fan, Yan, Jianqiang Feng, Miao Yang, Xin Tan, Hongjun Fan, Meijin Guo, Binju Wang, and Song Xue. "CO2(aq) concentration–dependent CO2 fixation via carboxylation by decarboxylase." Green Chemistry 23, no. 12 (2021): 4403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00825k.

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Akinyede, Rachael, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel. "Temperature sensitivity of dark CO₂ fixation in temperate forest soils." Biogeosciences 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 4011–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022.

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Abstract. Globally, soil temperature to 1 m depth is predicted to be up to 4 ∘C warmer by the end of this century, with pronounced effects expected in temperate forest regions. Increased soil temperatures will potentially increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from temperate forest soils, resulting in important positive feedback on climate change. Dark CO2 fixation by microbes can recycle some of the released soil CO2, and CO2 fixation rates are reported to increase under higher temperatures. However, research on the influence of temperature on dark CO2 fixation rates, particularly in comparison to the temperature sensitivity of respiration in soils of temperate forest regions, is missing. To determine the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of dark CO2 fixation and respiration rates, we investigated soil profiles to 1 m depth from beech (deciduous) and spruce (coniferous) forest plots of the Hummelshain forest, Germany. We used 13C-CO2 labelling and incubations of soils at 4 and 14 ∘C to determine CO2 fixation and net soil respiration rates and derived the Q10 values for both processes with depth. The average Q10 for dark CO2 fixation rates normalized to soil dry weight was 2.07 for beech and spruce profiles, and this was lower than the measured average Q10 of net soil respiration rates with ∼2.98. Assuming these Q10 values, we extrapolated that net soil respiration might increase 1.16 times more than CO2 fixation under a projected 4 ∘C warming. In the beech soil, a proportionally larger fraction of the label CO2 was fixed into soil organic carbon than into microbial biomass compared to the spruce soil. This suggests a primarily higher rate of microbial residue formation (i.e. turnover as necromass or release of extracellular products). Despite a similar abundance of the total bacterial community in the beech and spruce soils, the beech soil also had a lower abundance of autotrophs, implying a higher proportion of heterotrophs when compared to the spruce soil; hence this might partly explain the higher rate of microbial residue formation in the beech soil. Furthermore, higher temperatures in general lead to higher microbial residues formed in both soils. Our findings suggest that in temperate forest soils, CO2 fixation might be less responsive to future warming than net soil respiration and could likely recycle less CO2 respired from temperate forest soils in the future than it does now.

19

Li, Gang, Wenbo Xiao, Tenglun Yang, and Tao Lyu. "Optimization and Process Effect for Microalgae Carbon Dioxide Fixation Technology Applications Based on Carbon Capture: A Comprehensive Review." C 9, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9010035.

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Microalgae carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation technology is among the effective ways of environmental protection and resource utilization, which can be combined with treatment of wastewater and flue gas, preparation of biofuels and other technologies, with high economic benefits. However, in industrial application, microalgae still have problems such as poor photosynthetic efficiency, high input cost and large capital investment. The technology of microalgae energy development and resource utilization needs to be further studied. Therefore, this work reviewed the mechanism of CO2 fixation in microalgae. Improving the carbon sequestration capacity of microalgae by adjusting the parameters of their growth conditions (e.g., light, temperature, pH, nutrient elements, and CO2 concentration) was briefly discussed. The strategies of random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution and genetic engineering were evaluated to screen microalgae with a high growth rate, strong tolerance, high CO2 fixation efficiency and biomass. In addition, in order to better realize the industrialization of microalgae CO2 fixation technology, the feasibility of combining flue gas and wastewater treatment and utilizing high-value-added products was analyzed. Considering the current challenges of microalgae CO2 fixation technology, the application of microalgae CO2 fixation technology in the above aspects is expected to establish a more optimized mechanism of microalgae carbon sequestration in the future. At the same time, it provides a solid foundation and a favorable basis for fully implementing sustainable development, steadily promoting the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and realizing clean, green, low-carbon and efficient utilization of energy.

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Janasch, Markus, and Elton P. Hudson. "CO2 fixation gets a second chance." Nature Catalysis 4, no. 2 (February 2021): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00581-6.

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21

Giersch, Christoph, Dirk Lämmel, and Graham Farquhar. "Control analysis of photosynthetic CO2 fixation." Photosynthesis Research 24, no. 2 (May 1990): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00032595.

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22

Masuda, Shigeo. "Chemical CO2 fixation technology - RITE project -." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (June 1995): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00069-p.

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Michiki, Hideyuki. "Biological CO2 fixation and utilization project." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (June 1995): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00102-j.

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Šantrůčková, H., M. I. Bird, D. Elhottová, J. Novák, T. Picek, M. Šimek, and R. Tykva. "Heterotrophic Fixation of CO2 in Soil." Microbial Ecology 49, no. 2 (February 2005): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0164-x.

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Michiki, H. "Biological CO2 fixation and utilization project." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89043-6.

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Bartual, Ana, and J. Angel Gálvez. "Short- and long-term effects of irradiance and CO2 availability on carbon fixation by two marine diatoms." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-013.

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Unbuffered and nutrient-replete dilute batch cultures of Skeletonema costatum Cleve and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin were grown at high and low CO2 availability conditions and two incident irradiances, 150 and 30 µmol photons·m2·s1. Long-term combined effects of such light and CO2 availability conditions on carbon fixation rates of both diatoms were compared. At saturating light, P. tricornutum showed higher photosynthetic rates than S. costatum at both CO2 conditions. However, under subsaturating light, carbon fixation rates of P. tricornutum were higher than observed for S. costatum only at low CO2. Skeletonema costatum showed a strong reduction in photosynthetic rates only when both resources, irradiance and CO2, were low. Short-term alterations of light and CO2 availability on carbon fixation showed that the response of S. costatum differed considerably from long-term trends: the short-term reduction in CO2 availability at both light levels resulted in a considerable decrease in the maximum photosynthetic rates. This effect was much less noticeable in P. tricornutum. The results show that, at saturating light, both diatoms maintain maximum photosynthetic rates under low CO2 levels, but only P. tricornutum is well adapted to rapid changes in this resource. This capacity of adaptation seems to be light dependent, since light limitation altered the responses of both diatoms to low CO2 availability conditions.Key words: CO2, 14C fixation, irradiance, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum.

27

Do, Kiet Thuong, Triet Tran, Viet Trang Bui, and Thomas J. Givnish. "Effect of high light, heat and carbon dioxide deficiency on photoinhibition of Mimosa pigra L. leaves." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1397.

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High light (2000 μmol/m²/s), heat (40 oC), and CO2 deficiency were used to investigate photoinhibition of Mimosa pigra L. leaves. The results showed that high light caused the increase of stomatal conductance, CO2 fixation, O2 emission, non-photochemical (qN) and electron transport rate (ETR) of Mimosa pigra L. leaves. Leaves Fv/Fm ratio (Demonstrates the ability of PSII to perform photochemistry) slightly decreased under high light and recovered in the dark condition. Heat did not affect on stomatal conductance, CO2 fixation, qN, ETR and Fv/Fm but reduced O2 emission. CO2 deficiency stimulated the increase of stomatal conductance and qN but inhibited CO2 fixation, ETR and decreased Fv/Fm. High light (từ 1600 μmol/m²/s) and heat (từ 39 oC) in nature together caused strong O2 emission from Mimosa pigra L. leaves.

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Sobotta, Jessica, Thomas Geisberger, Carolin Moosmann, Christopher M. Scheidler, Wolfgang Eisenreich, Günter Wächtershäuser, and Claudia Huber. "A Possible Primordial Acetyleno/Carboxydotrophic Core Metabolism." Life 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10040035.

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Carbon fixation, in addition to the evolution of metabolism, is a main requirement for the evolution of life. Here, we report a one-pot carbon fixation of acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) by aqueous nickel sulfide (NiS) under hydrothermal (>100 °C) conditions. A slurry of precipitated NiS converts acetylene and carbon monoxide into a set of C2–4-products that are surprisingly representative for C2–4-segments of all four central CO2-fixation cycles of the domains Bacteria and Archaea, whereby some of the products engage in the same interconversions, as seen in the central CO2-fixation cycles. The results suggest a primordial, chemically predetermined, non-cyclic acetyleno/carboxydotrophic core metabolism. This metabolism is based on aqueous organo–metal chemistry, from which the extant central CO2-fixation cycles based on thioester chemistry would have evolved by piecemeal modifications.

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Chudatemiya, Vorakit, Mio Tsukada, Hiroki Nagakari, Soichi Kikkawa, Jun Hirayama, Naoki Nakatani, Takafumi Yamamoto, and Seiji Yamazoe. "Selective CO2 Fixation to Styrene Oxide by Ta-Substitution of Lindqvist-Type [(Ta,Nb)6O19]8− Clusters." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2023): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020442.

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Metal oxide clusters composed of group 5 metal ions, such as Nb and Ta, exhibit catalytic activities for CO2 fixation to styrene oxide (SO) due to the highly negative natural bonding charge of the terminal O atoms that could work as CO2 activation sites. In this study, tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts of [TaxNb6−xO19]8− (TBA-TaxNb6−x, x = 0–6) were prepared and Ta-substitution effect on the catalytic properties of TBA-TaxNb6−x for CO2 fixation to SO was investigated. We found that TBA-Ta1Nb5 shows the highest styrene carbonate (SC) selectivity (95%) among TBA-TaxNb6−x, although the SO conversion monotonously increases with the incremental Ta substitution amount. The CO2 fixation to SO under various conditions and in situ X-ray absorption fine structure measurements reveal that CO2 is activated on both terminal O sites coordinated to the Ta (terminal OTa) and Nb (terminal ONb) sites, whereas the activation of SO proceeds on the terminal OTa and/or bridge O sites that are connected to Ta. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the terminal OTa of TBA-Ta1Nb5 preferentially adsorbs CO2 compared with other ONb base sites. We conclude that the selective CO2 activation at terminal OTa of TBA-Ta1Nb5 without SO activation is a crucial factor for high SC selectivity in the CO2 fixation to SO.

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Irion, Solène, Urania Christaki, Hugo Berthelot, Stéphane L’Helguen, and Ludwig Jardillier. "Small phytoplankton contribute greatly to CO2-fixation after the diatom bloom in the Southern Ocean." ISME Journal 15, no. 9 (March 12, 2021): 2509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00915-z.

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AbstractPhytoplankton is composed of a broad-sized spectrum of phylogenetically diverse microorganisms. Assessing CO2-fixation intra- and inter-group variability is crucial in understanding how the carbon pump functions, as each group of phytoplankton may be characterized by diverse efficiencies in carbon fixation and export to the deep ocean. We measured the CO2-fixation of different groups of phytoplankton at the single-cell level around the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen plateau (Southern Ocean), known for intense diatoms blooms suspected to enhance CO2 sequestration. After the bloom, small cells (<20 µm) composed of phylogenetically distant taxa (prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes, and small diatoms) were growing faster (0.37 ± 0.13 and 0.22 ± 0.09 division d−1 on- and off-plateau, respectively) than larger diatoms (0.11 ± 0.14 and 0.09 ± 0.11 division d−1 on- and off-plateau, respectively), which showed heterogeneous growth and a large proportion of inactive cells (19 ± 13%). As a result, small phytoplankton contributed to a large proportion of the CO2 fixation (41–70%). The analysis of pigment vertical distribution indicated that grazing may be an important pathway of small phytoplankton export. Overall, this study highlights the need to further explore the role of small cells in CO2-fixation and export in the Southern Ocean.

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Marín, Sabrina, Mauricio Acosta, Pedro Galleguillos, Clement Chibwana, Hannes Strauss, and Cecilia Demergasso. "Insights into the Active Carbon Fixation Pathways of a Microbial Community in a Chalcopyrite Bioleaching Column." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.367.

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Recently, a preliminary model has been proposed for relating the microbial succession of bioleaching heaps with the activity of different CO2 fixation pathways. In order to confirm this hypothesis and to understand the impact of the carbon metabolism in the metallurgical performance, the expression levels of carbon fixation pathways were investigated in a chalcopyrite bioleaching column test by transcriptomic analysis. The community structure, the physicochemical conditions and the metallurgical parameters were also analyzed. Gene expression profiles obtained by microarrays confirmed the temporal distribution of microorganisms as a function of the temperature and the different pathways for CO2 fixation. These results revealed the impact of the different CO2 fixation pathways in the composition of the microbial assemblage as the bioleaching proceeds.

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Nugroho, Astri, Edwan Kardena, Dea Indriani Astuti, and Kania Dewi. "Preliminary Study on Climate Change Biomitigation by Improving CO₂Removal and CO₂Utilization Efficiency Using Microalgae Culture in Photobioreactor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.261.

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Culture conditions are very important to CO2 bio-fixation related with the CO2 removal efficiency through biological process by microalgae photosynthesis activities. The aim of the research was to study how high CO2 utilization efficiency could reach in mix culture that supplied high CO2 concentration (2%, 5%, and 7%) continuously from the bottom of photobioreactor. The mix microalgae culture containing of Chlorella sp, Scenedesmusobliquus and Ankistrodemus sp. were cultivated in photobioreactor with various environmental treatments i.e light intensities, light periodism and temperatures whereas the fixed CO2 gas flow rate of 8 L.min-1. The results showed that microalgae growth was best at light intensity of 4000 lux for 16/8 hours light/darkness cycling, 30°C and 5% CO2 supplied, indicated by the highest dried biomass (g.L-1), the highest Carbon content was g.d-1 and highest CO2 removal efficiency (%) that were 2.7, 11.9, 49, respectively. However the highest CO2 utilization efficiency for bio-fixation phenomenon was obtained from culture that supplied by 2% CO2 concentration, the value was almost 2 fold than 5% CO2 supplied and 4 fold than 7% CO2 concentration supplied, respectively. Biological fixation of CO2 are greatly affected by the characteristics of the microalgae strains and their tolerance to environmental conditions.

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Alothman, Afrah, Daffne López-Sandoval, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí. "Bacterioplankton dark CO₂ fixation in oligotrophic waters." Biogeosciences 20, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 3613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023.

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Abstract. Dark CO2 fixation by bacteria is believed to be particularly important in oligotrophic ecosystems. However, only a few studies have characterized the role of bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in global carbon dynamics. Therefore, this study quantified the primary production (PP), total bacteria dark CO2 fixation (TBDIC fixation), and heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) in the warm and oligotrophic Red Sea using stable-isotope labeling and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (13C–CRDS). Additionally, we assessed the contribution of bacterial DIC fixation (TBDIC %) relative to the total DIC fixation (totalDIC fixation). Our study demonstrated that TBDIC fixation increased the totalDIC fixation from 2.03 to 60.45 µg C L−1 d−1 within the photic zone, contributing 13.18 % to 71.68 % with an average value of 33.95 ± 0.02 % of the photic layer totalDIC fixation. The highest TBDIC fixation values were measured at the surface and deep (400 m) water with an average value of 5.23 ± 0.45 and 4.95 ± 1.33 µg C L−1 d−1, respectively. These findings suggest that the non-photosynthetic processes such as anaplerotic DIC reactions and chemoautotrophic CO2 fixation extended to the entire oxygenated water column. On the other hand, the percent of TBDIC contribution to totalDIC fixation increased as primary production decreased (R2=0.45, p<0.0001), suggesting the relevance of increased dark DIC fixation when photosynthetic production was low or absent, as observed in other systems. Therefore, when estimating the total carbon dioxide production in the ocean, dark DIC fixation must also be accounted for as a crucial component of the carbon dioxide flux in addition to photosynthesis.

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Liu, J. F., S. M. Mbadinga, X. B. Sun, G. C. Yang, S. Z. Yang, J. D. Gu, and B. Z. Mu. "Microbial communities responsible for fixation of CO2 revealed by using mcrA, cbbM, cbbL, fthfs, fefe-hydrogenase genes as molecular biomarkers in petroleum reservoirs of different temperatures." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2015): 1875–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-1875-2015.

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Abstract. Sequestration of CO2 in oil reservoir is one of the feasible options for mitigating atmospheric CO2 building up. The in situ bioconversion of sequestrated CO2 to methane by microorganisms inhabiting oil reservoirs is feasible. To evaluate the potential of in situ microbial fixation and conversion of CO2 into CH4 in oil reservoirs, a comprehensive molecular survey was performed to reveal microbial communities inhabiting four oil reservoirs with different temperatures by analysis of functional genes involved in the biochemical pathways of CO2 fixation and CH4 synthesis (cbbM, cbbL, fthfs, [FeFe]-hydrogenase encoding gene, and mcrA). A rich diversity of these functional genes was found in all the samples with both high and low temperatures and they were affiliated to members of the Proteobacteria (cbbL and cbbM, fthfs), Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (fthfs), uncultured bacteria ([FeFe]-hydrogenase), and Methanomirobiales, Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales (mcrA). The predominant methanogens were all identified to be hydrogenotrophic CO2-reducing physiological types. These results showed that functional microbial communities capable of microbial fixation and bioconversion of CO2 into methane inhabit widely in oil reservoirs, which is helpful to microbial recycling of sequestrated CO2 to further new energy in oil reservoirs.

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Drew, Malcolm C., Pamela S. Hold, and Geno A. Picchioni. "Inhibition by NaCl of Net CO2 Fixation and Yield of Cucumber." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 3 (May 1990): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.3.472.

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Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Fidelio) grown in sand culture in the greenhouse was trickle-irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0, 10, or 50 mm NaCl. Gas exchange of Individual leaves was measured by a portable infrared gas analyzer et saturating photosynthetic photon flux. Salt at 10 mm had no detectable effect on plant performance, but exposure to 50 mm NaCl caused net CO2 fixation to decline by 33% and 48% in the eighth and ninth oldest leaves, respectively. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also reduced (≈ 50%) In these leaves. These differences, as well as lower leaf water potentials, were associated with a 60% reduction in fruit fresh weight. The relationship between net CO2 fixation and intercellular (substomatal) CO2 concentrations was determined for individual, attached leaves of plants with roots exposed to various concentrations of NaCl in hydroponics. With 50 and 100 mm NaCl, a nonstomatal contribution to the inhibition of photosynthesis at the chloroplast level was Indicated by strong inhibition of CO, fixation at a saturating CO2 concentration. Salt-induced inhibition of CO2 fixation was associated with accumulation of Na+ and Cl-, and lower K+ in the individual leaves examined.

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He, Xing, Li-Qi Qiu, Wei-Jia Wang, Kai-Hong Chen, and Liang-Nian He. "Photocarboxylation with CO2: an appealing and sustainable strategy for CO2 fixation." Green Chemistry 22, no. 21 (2020): 7301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc02743j.

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This review discusses recent advances in the photocatalytic carboxylation of C(sp³)–X (X = H, N) bonds, C(sp²)–X (X = H, N, (pseudo)halide) bonds and C(sp)–H bonds with CO₂.

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Miller, Anthony G., George S. Espie, and David T. Canvin. "The effects of inorganic carbon and oxygen on fluorescence in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-148.

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The active transport of inorganic carbon and the accumulation of the internal pool caused quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence both when CO2 fixation was allowed or when CO2 fixation was inhibited. Upon the addition of inorganic carbon in the presence of 240 μM oxygen the rate of change in fluorescence (or quenching) was correlated (r = 0.98) with the rate of active CO2 uptake, and the extent of quenching was correlated (r = 0.99) with the size of the internal inorganic carbon pool. Fluorescence was quenched by the fixation of inorganic carbon in the absence of oxygen but the reoxidation of QA following a flash of light was slow. In the presence of inorganic carbon, with or without the inhibition of CO2 fixation, oxygen quenched fluorescence. If CO2 fixation was inhibited, the degree of quenching depended upon the oxygen concentration with a K1/2 (O2) of about 42 μM. Below 60 μM oxygen there was a further reduction of QA following a flash of light and the reoxidation of QA was slow. Rapid reoxidation of QA following a flash of light required about 240 μM oxygen. From the response to added 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea, the quenching by oxygen was photochemical quenching and nonphotochemical quenching did not seem to be present. For reasons that are unknown, however, only about 80% of the quenching could be reversed with high intensity flashes of light. The photoreduction of oxygen was regulated by the presence of inorganic carbon, although fixation of CO2 was not required. The mechanism of this regulation is not known but it may be due to bicarbonate relief of electron transfer between QA and QB. Some results on measuring Fo, F′o, Fm, and F′m, in Synechococcus UTEX 625 are presented. Key words: cyanobacteria, fluorescence, oxygen photoreduction, active inorganic carbon transport.

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Amaya, Toru, Izumi Kurata, and Toshikazu Hirao. "Synthesis of oxindoles via reductive CO2 fixation." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 8 (2016): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00107f.

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The synthesis of 3-aryl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, which are a structural motif found in various natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds, was conducted via reductive coupling of (2-aminophenyl)(aryl)methanone derivatives and CO₂ as a key step. The conditions employing Mg with chlorotrimethylsilane in DMA are the best for the reductive coupling. The reductive coupling and acid-catalyzed lactam formation can be performed in a one-pot reaction to give the oxindoles.

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Park, Hyun, Ju Lee, JunYoung Han, Sangwon Park, Jinwon Park, and Byoung Min. "CO2 Fixation by Membrane Separated NaCl Electrolysis." Energies 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2015): 8704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8088704.

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Sawayama, Shigeki, Seiichi Inoue, Yutaka Dote, and Shin-Ya Yokoyama. "CO2 fixation and oil production through microalga." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (June 1995): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00108-p.

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KIYOHARA, Masataka. "Flue-Gas CO2 Recovery and Fixation Technologies." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 47, no. 3 (1991): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.47.183.

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Altekar, Wijaya, and R. Rajagopalan. "CO2 fixation in halophilic archaebacterium,halobacterium mediterranei." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 19, no. 3-5 (May 1989): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02388911.

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Sawayama, S. "CO2 fixation and oil production through microalga." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)89052-7.

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Hügler, Michael, Harald Huber, Karl Otto Stetter, and Georg Fuchs. "Autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways in archaea (Crenarchaeota)." Archives of Microbiology 179, no. 3 (February 12, 2003): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-002-0512-5.

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Chen, Pei-Ru, and Peng-Fei Xia. "Carbon recycling with synthetic CO2 fixation pathways." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 85 (February 2024): 103023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103023.

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Kojčinović, Aleksa, Blaž Likozar, and Miha Grilc. "Sustainable CO2 Fixation onto Bio-Based Aromatics." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 26, 2023): 16321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316321.

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Carboxylation reactions using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reactant to produce new C-C bonds represent one of the most promising routes in carbon capture and utilization practices, which yield higher-atom and energy-efficient products. Kolbe–Schmitt-type reactions represent the carboxylation of aromatic compounds to their carboxylic acid derivatives. This study was the first and only to systematically investigate, thoroughly explain preparation procedures, and minutely describe the analytical methods of Kolbe–Schmitt and Marasse carboxylation of phenol. Most importantly, this study provides guidelines for the utilization of state-of-the-art technology in this century-old yet not sufficiently described reaction system. Kolbe–Schmitt carboxylation of phenol was found to be possible using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), while the Marasse method was active only with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a reactant. The formation of metal phenoxide is the rate-determining step, which, however, could be more efficiently prepared under reflux. A new, simple, and repeatable HPLC method was described to identify and quantify all possible products of mono- and dicarboxylated phenols. It was found that all procedures result in the highest selectivity for salicylic acid (SA), followed by minor amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) and 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (4HiPh).

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Hirasawa, Masakazu, Osamu Koguchi-Kamioka, Xin Li, and David B. Knaff. "Ferrodoxin-dependent CO2 fixation in bean sprouts." FEBS Letters 359, no. 1 (February 6, 1995): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)00012-x.

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Ibrahim Mze, S. A., A. S. Azmi, N. I. Mohd Puad, F. Ahmad, F. Abd Wahab, and S. N. F. S. A. Rahman. "Microalgae cultivation: from CO₂ fixation to single-cell protein production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1281, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012049.

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Abstract Bio-sequestration of CO2 using microalgae to recycle CO2 into valuable products such as single-cell proteins (SCP) is one of the most promising fields nowadays. Microalgae are able to use CO2 as their carbon source and subsequently build carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Nevertheless, all microalgae strains do not have the same CO2 tolerance and culture conditions. Moreover, pure CO2 is less soluble in water, which leads to a low carbon capture and fixation rate. Thus, to optimise SCP production in relation to CO2 mitigation, studies of the enhancement of solubilization of CO2 in water as well as the determination of the optimum process parameter for CO2 fixation and SCP production need to be done. Consequently, this study aims to review the cultivation conditions for single-cell protein production.

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Li, Qinglin, and David Thomas Canvin. "Oxygen photoreduction and its effect on CO2 accumulation and assimilation in air-grown cells of Synechococcus UTEX 625." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-029.

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Mass spectrometric measurements of 16O2, 18O2, and 13CO2 were used to measure the rates of gross O2 evolution, O2 uptake, and CO2 assimilation in relation to light intensity, temperature, pH, and O2 concentration by air-grown cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. CO2 fixation and O2 photoreduction increased with increased light intensity and, although CO2 fixation was saturated at 250 μmol ∙ m−2 ∙ s−1, O2 photoreduction was not saturated until about 550 μmol ∙ m−2 ∙ s−1. At high light intensity addition of inorganic carbon to the cells stimulated O2 photoreduction 2-fold when CO2, fixation was allowed and 5-fold when CO2, fixation was inhibited with iodoacetamide. The ability of O2, to act as an acceptor of photosynthetically generated reducing power was dependent upon the O2 concentration, and the substrate concentration required for half maximum rate (K½(O2)) was 53.2 ± 4.2 μM (mean ± SD, n = 3). The Q10 for oxygen photoreduction was about 2. A certain amount (10%) of O2 appeared to be required for maximum photosynthesis, as photosynthesis was inhibited under anaerobic conditions, especially at high light intensity. The point of inhibition is unknown but it seemed unlikely to be on CO2 transport or the concentration of intracellular dissolved inorganic carbon (Ci), as the rate of initial CO2 transport was enhanced and the intracellular Q1 pool increased in size under anaerobic conditions. Key words: cyanobacteria, photosynthesis, Ci concentrating mechanism, inorganic carbon pool, O2 photoreduction, electron transport, temperature.

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Kuo, Chiu-Mei, Yu-Ling Sun, Cheng-Han Lin, Chao-Hsu Lin, Hsi-Tien Wu, and Chih-Sheng Lin. "Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 13480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313480.

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Microalgae-based carbon dioxide (CO2) biofixation and biorefinery are the most efficient methods of biological CO2 reduction and reutilization. The diversification and high-value byproducts of microalgal biomass, known as microalgae-based biorefinery, are considered the most promising platforms for the sustainable development of energy and the environment, in addition to the improvement and integration of microalgal cultivation, scale-up, harvest, and extraction technologies. In this review, the factors influencing CO2 biofixation by microalgae, including microalgal strains, flue gas, wastewater, light, pH, temperature, and microalgae cultivation systems are summarized. Moreover, the biorefinery of Chlorella biomass for producing biofuels and its byproducts, such as fine chemicals, feed additives, and high-value products, are also discussed. The technical and economic assessments (TEAs) and life cycle assessments (LCAs) are introduced to evaluate the sustainability of microalgae CO2 fixation technology. This review provides detailed insights on the adjusted factors of microalgal cultivation to establish sustainable biological CO2 fixation technology, and the diversified applications of microalgal biomass in biorefinery. The economic and environmental sustainability, and the limitations and needs of microalgal CO2 fixation, are discussed. Finally, future research directions are provided for CO2 reduction by microalgae.

Journal articles on the topic 'Fixation CO2'

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