Academic literature on the topic 'Five Domains Model'

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) are two prominent personality accounts that have emerged from different backgrounds. Although the two accounts are applied to similar research topics, there is limited empirical work examining the correspondence between them. The current study explored the relationship between RST‐based personality traits and the FFM domains and facets in an undergraduate sample (n = 668). Regression analyses indicated that Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) was positively associated with Neuroticism and Agreeableness, and negatively associated with Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness. In contrast, Sensitivity to Reward (SR) was positively associated with Extraversion and Neuroticism, and negatively associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Exploratory analyses at the facet level specified the relationship between SP, SR, and each domain. A factor analysis was also conducted to explore the higher‐order factor structure of RST and the FFM domains. Three factors emerged, which we labelled SP, Stability‐Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is substantial overlap between these two accounts of personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. The first four domains focus attention on factors that give rise to specific negative or positive subjective experiences (affects), which contribute to the animal’s mental state, as evaluated in Domain 5. More specifically, the first three domains focus mainly on factors that disturb or disrupt particular features of the body’s internal stability. Each disturbed or disrupted feature generates sensory inputs which are processed by the brain to form specific negative affects, and these affects are associated with behaviours that act to restore the body’s internal stability. As each such behaviour is essential for the survival of the animal, the affects associated with them are collectively referred to as “survival-critical affects”. In contrast, Domain 4, now named Behavioural Interactions, focusses on evidence of animals consciously seeking specific goals when interacting behaviourally with (1) the environment, (2) other non-human animals and (3) as a new feature of the Model outlined here, humans. The associated affects, evaluated via Domain 5, are mainly generated by brain processing of sensory inputs elicited by external stimuli. The success of the animals’ behavioural attempts to achieve their chosen goals is reflected in whether the associated affects are negative or positive. Collectively referred to as “situation-related affects”, these outcomes are understood to contribute to animals’ perceptions of their external circumstances. These observations reveal a key distinction between the way survival-critical and situation-related affects influence animals’ aligned behaviours. The former mainly reflect compelling motivations to engage in genetically embedded behavioural responses, whereas the latter mainly involve conscious behavioural choices which are the hallmarks of agency. Finally, numerous examples of human–animal interactions and their attendant affects are described, and the qualitative grading of interactions that generate negative or positive affect is also illustrated.

Spoken language understanding (SLU) has been addressed as a supervised learning problem, where a set of training data is available for each domain. However, annotating data for a new domain can be both financially costly and non-scalable. One existing approach solves the problem by conducting multi-domain learning where parameters are shared for joint training across domains, which is domain-agnostic and task-agnostic . In the article, we propose to improve the parameterization of this method by using domain-specific and task-specific model parameters for fine-grained knowledge representation and transfer. Experiments on five domains show that our model is more effective for multi-domain SLU and obtain the best results. In addition, we show its transferability when adapting to a new domain with little data, outperforming the prior best model by 12.4%. Finally, we explore the strong pre-trained model in our framework and find that the contributions from our framework do not fully overlap with contextualized word representations (RoBERTa).

This paper reviews the present status of the VSEPR model of molecular geometry in relation to electron densities. The discussion is based on the electron pair domain version of this model. The fundamental postulates of the model are summarized and illustrated by a discussion of the structures of some molecules with five and seven electron pair domains in the valence shell, including the recently discovered ions XeF5− and XeOF6−. The total electron density does not provide any obvious support for the model and although electron density deformation maps do provide some support they are not always reliable. The Laplacian of the electron density, however, shows the presence of valence shell charge concentrations that correspond closely in number and properties to the electron pair domains of the VSEPR model. This correspondence between electron pair domains and valence shell charge concentrations provides a physical basis for a better understanding of the VSEPR model. Keywords: VSEPR model, electron densities, molecular geometry, Laplacian of the electron density, electron pair domain.

The consideration of future consequences (CFC) is a cognitive-motivational construct describing the extent to which individuals consider the future outcomes of behavior during decision-making. The current research examined the extent to which CFC may be a domain-specific, as opposed to global, temporal construct. Across three surveys, adults ( n = 498; 66.9% female; 41.2% students) completed the 14-item general CFC scale, five newly adapted domain-specific CFC scales, and self-report measures of behavior in five substantive domains (work, health, the environment, money, and college). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor model in the CFC-14, supporting the distinction between CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate in domain-specific CFC-14 scales. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that domain-specific, and not the general, CFC subscales were most strongly associated with the relevant domain-specific behavior and revealed differential patterns of association between domain-specific CFC subscales and behaviors in particular domains. The applied implications for behavioral interventions are discussed.

SummaryA complete molecular model of blood coagulation factor Va (FVa) bound to anticoagulant activated protein C (APC) and to a phospholipid membrane was constructed. The three homologous A domains and the two homologous C domains of FVA were modeled based on the X-ray crystallographic structures of ceruloplasmin and C2 domain of factor V, respectively. The final arrangement of the five domains in the complete FVa model bound to a membrane incorporated extensive published experimental data. FVa binds the phospholipid membrane through its C2 domain while the A-domain trimer is located from 40 through 100 Å above the membrane plane. From our model we infer a probable role for metal ions at the interface between FVa light and heavy chains, provide an explanation for the slower APC cleavage at Arg306 relative to Arg506, and predict specific interactions between positively and negatively charged exosites in APC and FVa, respectively.

Abstract Objective: Recently, factor analysis has supported a five-factor model of negative symptoms in schizophrenia (anhedonia, avolition, alogia, asociality, and blunted affect). Associations between these unique negative symptom domains and neurocognition are yet to be examined. The following study investigates relationships between the five distinct negative symptoms and cognitive functioning. Methods: Outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=245) were assessed during periods of clinical stability for negative symptom severity using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess seven domains of neurocognition, including processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning, problem solving, and social cognition. To evaluate external correlates, the five-domain negative symptoms were correlated with measures of neurocognition. Results: Greater negative associations were found between the five negative symptom domains with processing speed, attention, working memory, social cognition, and overall MCCB scores. Correlational analyses demonstrated the strongest negative relationships between the domain of attention with alogia and blunted affect. Conclusions: The present study examined unique associations between cognitive abilities and the five negative symptom domains. Strong negative associations were found between negative symptoms and distinct measures of neurocognition, indicating a unique variance in cognitive performance correlates with severity of negative symptoms. Results suggest greater severity of negative symptoms is associated with greater impairments in select neurocognitive domains. Further research using analytic approaches would offer additional support for this hypothesis. Findings have implications for developing differential treatments targeting the five negative symptom domains separately, as they may have distinct underlying pathophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms.

The mental experiences of animals are what characterises their welfare status. The Five Domains Model for assessing welfare aligns with the understanding that physical and mental states are linked. Following measurement of indicators within each of the four physical/functional Domains (1. Nutrition; 2. Physical environment; 3. Health; and 4. Behavioural interactions), the anticipated negative or positive affective consequences (mental experiences) are cautiously inferred and assigned to Domain 5. Those inferences derive credibility from validated knowledge of the underlying systems of physiology, neurophysiology, neuroethology and affective neuroscience. Any indicators used for assessing welfare need to be scientifically validated. This requires, firstly, evidence of the links between a measurable/observable indicator and the physical/functional impact (in Domains 1 to 4), and secondly, a demonstrable relationship between the physical/functional impact and the mental experience it is inferred the indicators reflect (in Domain five). This review refers to indicators of physical/functional states in Domains 1 to 4, which have been shown to be measurable in free-roaming wild horses, and then evaluates the scientific evidence linking them to inferred mental experiences in Domain 5. This is the first time that the scientific evidence validating a comprehensive range of welfare indicators has been synthesised in this way. Inserting these indicators into the Five Domains Model enables transparently justifiable assessment and grading of welfare status in free-roaming horses.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengembangkan model evaluasi diri dan teman sejawat (EDTS) dalam supervisi pembelajaran IPA berbasis lima domain sains (5 DS); 2) mengevaluasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis 5 DS dalam supervisi melalui model EDTS; 3) menguji keefektifan model.Objek penelitian ini adalah SMP Negeri 7, 11, 14, 15, 19, 29, dan 32. Model EDTS dikembangkan melalui penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Subjeknya adalah guru sendiri, gurusejawat, dan kepala sekolah. Alur pelaksanaan evaluasinya adalah: guru sendiri dan guru sejawat mengobservasi kegiatan pra pembelajaran dan proses pembelajaran. Data observasi divalidasi oleh kepala sekolah, ditindaklanjuti dengan diskusi, dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan feedback dan evaluasi diri. Penelitian ini menghasilkan: 1) model EDTS melalui pendekatan ANTRANINPRO (Antacedent, Transaction, Interim Product), dikembangkan dengan metode R&D; 2) Model EDTS disusun untuk memperkuat pelaksanaan supervisi di sekolah, melalui dukungan informasi yang diberikan guru kepada kepala sekolah; 3) berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diperoleh penilaian kurang baik pada item yang terkait dengan 5DS, terutama domain kreativitas dan aplikasi sains; 4) model EDTS efektif untuk digunakan, berdasarkan data: validitas model (sangat baik), validitas konten (96% relevan), reliabilitas (kriteria baik), model memberi kemudahan user untuk menggunakan, serta memberi dampak positif terhadap perbaikan pembelajaran.Kata kunci: model evaluasi, supervisi pembelajaran, lima domain sains______________________________________________________________EVALUATION MODEL IN THE TEACHING SUPERVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES BASED ON FIVE DOMAINS OF SCIENCE Abstract The purposes of this study are: 1. deeveloping a self and peer evaluation model (EDTS model) in the teaching supervision of natural sciences based on five domains of science (DS 5); 2. evaluating the teaching in supervision of natural sciences based on five domains of science (DS 5) through EDTS model; 3. measuring the effectiveness of this model. The objects of this research are SMPN 7, 11, 14, 15, 19, 29, and 32. The EDTS model was developed through research and development (R&D). The subjects are teachers, teacher’s peers and headmasters. The steps of the evaluation were: teachers and teacher’s peers observed pre learning activities and learning processes. Observation data were validated by the headmasters, followed by discussion and feedback and self-evaluation. The results of this research are: 1) EDTS models through ANTRANINPRO approach (Antecedent, Transaction, Interim Product) is developed by the R & D method; 2) EDTS model is designed to strengthen the implementation of supervision in schools, through the support of information provided by the teacher to the headmaster; 3) Based on the evaluation, items associated with 5DS are considered not so good, especially the domain of creativity and scientific applications; 4) EDTS model is effective to be used, based on the data: the validity of the model (very good), content validity (96% relevant), reliability (good criteria), the model gives the user easiness to use, and gives a positive impact on learning improvement.Keywords: models of evaluation, teaching supervision, five domains of science.