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Journal articles on the topic 'Fitness and swimming'
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Baum, Glenda. "Swimming for Fitness." Physiotherapy 81, no. 8 (1995): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)66748-x.
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Dolejšová, Miroslava, Zdeněk Melichárek, and Marcela Kubalčíková. "Plavecká úroveň studentů Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně v letech 2002–2013." Studia sportiva 8, no. 2 (2014): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2014-2-4.
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The aim of this paper is to compare the swimming fitness of students at our university. We wanted to know whether the non-swimmers could improve their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We wanted to know whether the students of our university improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We wondered whether the swimming fitness of our university students has changed in 10 years. The first part of the analysis covered the years 2007 to 2013. We examined whether the non-swimmers were able to improve the swimming fitness. At the same time we examined whether the students improved the swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. We used the tests of proportions to analyse the data. The second part of the analysis covered the years 2002 and 2012. We measured the times of students both at the beginning and at the end of the swimming training in these years. We wondered whether the swimming fitness of university students has changed in 10 years. To compare the swimming fitness in 2002 and 2012 we used the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. To compare the swimming fitness in 10 years we applied the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test.We found that 138 non-swimmers improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. It has been shown that non-swimmers made up less than 10 % of the total number of students who attended the swimming training between the years 2007 and 2013. All non-swimmers improved in academic years 2007/2008, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. 92 non-swimmers swam the limit of 100 meters. We have shown that 60 % of non-swimmers improved their swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. Furthermore, we found that a third of students mismanaged to swim the limit of 100 meters. The required limit of 100 meters swam 1 029 students. 3 432 students improved the swimming fitness at the end of the swimming training. Furthermore, we found that the swimming fitness of students improved both in 2002 and 2012. Finally, we found that the swimming fitness of our students has improved in 10 years. We managed to prove almost all the statistical hypothesis at the significance level of 0.05 and therefore we could consider them to be statistically significant. The procedure that we used to analyse the swimming fitness of students at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín may be beneficial for analysis of the swimming fitness not only at other universities, but in different workplaces that deal with measuring the performance of athletes.
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Gani, Ruslan Abdul, and Irfan Zinat Achmad. "Physical Fitness Swimming Athlete In UNSIKA." Jp.jok (Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan) 3, no. 2 (2020): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/jp.jok.v3i2.784.
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This study aims to determine the level of fitness conditions in the students who become athletes in swimming UNSIKA. This research used was to use a method of extracting information field (survey) quantitative research. Sampling is done using saturated sampling, meaning that the entire population is a member of the sampling. Number of samples research were 20 male students The instrument is used by referring to Norms and guidelines for assessing physical fitness levels standard for16-19 years. Results of this study that the level of physical fitness of UNSIKA swimming athletes must continue to be improved because with the level of fitness that does not match the appearance of swimming athletes will affect the results of swimming when participating in competitions at the college level, the level of physical fitness condition of swimming athletes is influenced by the adaptation of athletes accustomed to in a swimming pool that makes the results of physical fitness is not expectations at a good level of physical fitness. The conclusion of this study is the level of physical fitness conditions on students members of UNSIKA swimming are in the Medium classification.
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Hata, Osamu, and Norio Umezawa. "Use of Fitness Facilities, Equipment, and Programs: A Case Study of a Japanese Fitness Club." Journal of Sport Management 9, no. 1 (1995): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.1.78.
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This study examined the rates and patterns of use of the various facilities, equipment, and programs in a Yokohama fitness club. Analyses of the responses of 208 members (males = 98, females = 110) to a specially constructed questionnaire showed that the showers, sauna, bath, and Jacuzzi were the most often used facilities followed by aerobic exercise machines (e.g., exercise bikes and treadmills), the swimming pool, and machines for training the lower and upper body. In addition, four distinct and representative patterns of use of the facilities and equipment were identified. Swimming activities dominated Pattern A, and accordingly it was named the Swimming Pattern (n=59). Pattern B, the Dance and Communication Pattern (n = 15), was characterized by the use of the communication hall and coffee lounge and participation in aerobic dance. Pattern C, the Fashionable Pattern (n = 4), consisted of participation in aerobic dance for men, 1-km swimming, and the use of the tanning corner and restaurant. Finally, Pattern D, the Machine Training Pattern (n = 130), included the use of weights to train the upper and lower body. These results revealed an inefficient use of some of the facilities and equipment of the club. In addition to these findings, respondents preferred their supervisors to be friendly and expressed a desire for a larger swimming pool.
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Suryono, Suryono, I. Made Sriundy Mahardika, and Abdul Rachman Tuasikal. "Pride Learning Model in Order to Improve the Physical Fitness of Indonesian Naval Academy Cadets." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.784.
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Physical fitness lesson that consists of freestyle swimming material, road and field, physical fitness test are one of the practical subjects, becoming one of the aspects that determine the graduation of cadets in the Indonesian naval academy. In order to improve cadets physical fitness, researchers develop a pride learning model using the following stages; (P) understanding concepts, (R) Reflection, (I) Implementation, (D) Drill, and (E) Evaluation. The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) the product of the pride learning model to improve physical fitness, (2) the effectiveness of the pride learning model to improve freestyle swimming abilities, (3) the effectiveness of the pride learning model to improve physical fitness test abilities, (5 ) the difference in effectiveness of the pride learning model compared to old learning. Research type used is research and development, by developing a product and quantitative compared to the documents of the results of the pre-test and post-test groups that are not treated by the learning model. The design and analysis of this study uses Anova. The data collection process uses a T-test for the 50 meter freestyle swimming test, road and field 3000 meters and physical fitness test during the pre test and post test. The results of the study based on the T-test shows that the calculated value between the pre-test and post-test of the group that is not given treatment and that was given treatment with the pride learning model were, (1) the untreated group 76,89 freestyle, 77, 05 road and field and 162.11 physical fitness tests, (2) groups treated with 80.84 freestyle swimming, 82.74 road and field and 269, 47 physical fitness test. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the pride learning model the results of the development of relevant researchers are used in physical fitness learning because there are more differences in results in the treated group than the untreated group. In addition, it can improve the ability of free style swimming, road and field and physical fitness test seen from the results of the T-test.
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Oliveira, Daniel Vicentini de, Lucas Guilherme Muzolon, Mateus Dias Antunes, and José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior. "Impact of swimming initiation on the physical fitness and mental health of elderly women." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 41, no. 1 (2019): 43221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v41i1.43221.
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This quasi-experimental study aimed to analyze the impact of swimming initiation on the physical fitness and mental health of 10 elderly women. It used the Senior Fitness Test, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD. The program involved 12 weeks of swimming initiation lessons, twice a week. There was significant difference between pre- and post-test in ‘sit-to-stand’ (p = 0.005), ‘elbow flexion’ (p = 0.007), ‘walk 2.44 m and sit’ (p = .005), ‘walk 6 min.’ (p = 0.005), as well as in anxiety (p = 0.005), stress (p = 0.005), self-esteem (p = 0.007) and quality of life (p < 0.05). Swimming was effective in improving the physical fitness and mental health of the elderly women.
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Machado, Elisabeth, Fernanda Jannuzzi, Silvio Telles, et al. "A Recreational Swimming Intervention during the Whole School Year Improves Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (2022): 17093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417093.
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The benefits of swimming as a treatment for overweight children are undefined. We investigated the effects of recreational swimming on cardiometabolic risk in children/adolescents with normal and excess weight. Participants (n = 49, 26 girls, 10.3 ± 1.8 y) were grouped as ‘eutrophic swimming’ (EU-Swim, n = 14); ‘excess weight swimming’ (EW-Swim, n = 20) with an ‘obese swimming’ subgroup (OB-Swim, n = 10); and ‘excess weight sedentary’ (EW-Sed, n = 15) with an ‘obese sedentary’ subgroup (OB-Sed, n = 11). Swimming (50 min, twice/week, moderate-vigorous intensity) was an extra activity during the school year (6 + 3 months with a 3-month school break). Nutritional status, blood pressure (BP), physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemical variables, autonomic modulation, endothelial function, abdominal fat, and carotid thickness were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Greater improvements (p < 0.05) occurred in EW-Swim vs. EW-Sed in body mass index (z-BMI, −16%, d+ 0.52), waist-to-height ratio (W/H, −8%, d+ 0.59–0.79), physical activity (37–53%, d+ 1.8–2.2), cardiorespiratory fitness (30–40%, d+ 0.94–1.41), systolic BP (SBP, −6–8%, d+ 0.88–1.17), diastolic BP (DBP, −9–10%, d+ 0.70–0.85), leptin (−14–18%, d+ 0.29–0.41), forearm blood flow (FBF, 26–41%, d+ 0.53–0.64), subcutaneous fat (SAT, −6%, d+ 0.18), and intra-abdominal fat (VAT, −16%, d+ 0.63). OB-Swim showed improvements vs. OB-Sed in TNFα (−17%, d+ 1.15) and adiponectin (22%, d+ 0.40). Swimming improved fitness and cardiometabolic risk in children/adolescents with overweight/obesity. (TCTR20220216001)
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Wang, Dapeng, and Lan Zhang. "Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-based Chinese Resident Best Fitness Behavior Method Research." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701509010271.
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With explosive development in Chinese economy and science and technology, people’s pursuit of health becomes more and more intense, therefore Chinese resident sports fitness activities have been rapidly developed. However, different fitness events popularity degrees and effects on body energy consumption are different, so bases on this, the paper researches on fitness behaviors and gets Chinese residents sports fitness behaviors exercise guide, which provides guidance for propelling to national fitness plan’s implementation and improving Chinese resident fitness scientization. The paper starts from the perspective of energy consumption, it mainly adopts experience method, determines Chinese resident favorite sports fitness event energy consumption through observing all kinds of fitness behaviors energy consumption, and applies fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to make evaluation on bicycle riding, shadowboxing practicing, swimming, rope skipping, jogging, running, aerobics these seven fitness events. By calculating fuzzy rate model’s membership and comparing their sizes, it gets fitness behaviors that are more helpful for resident health, more effective and popular. Finally, it gets conclusions that swimming is a best exercise mode and its membership is the highest. Besides, the memberships of running, rope skipping and shadowboxing practicing are also relative higher. It should go in for bodybuilding by synthesizing above several kinds of fitness events according to different physical conditions; different living conditions so that can better achieve the purpose of fitness exercises.
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Zhang, Wen Long, Xiao Hui Liu, and De Ming Liu. "The Visual Sense Creation Strategy of Natatorium Arena which Consideration to Leisure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1160.
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The natatorium arena as a regular competitions and a swimming fitness place makes the formation of its users’ visual sensory to correspond with characteristics and regulations. Though the analysis of a design case—the Swimming Natatorium of Yueyang Sports Center , this article puts forward a design strategy of creating the visual senses of the swimming natatorium arena which gives consideration to both competition events and leisure.
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Volkov, Andrey, and Evgeny Romanenko. "Introduction of Complex Automation of Engineering Infrastructure for the Solution of Operational Problems in Public Sports Pools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 2231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.2231.
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This article covers main problems associated with the operation of public sports and fitness swimming pools and consequences, which may result from the improper operation of them. Issues of how to maintain indoor climate conditions in a swimming pool room are brought up. In addition, it describes the necessity of using an indoor climate control smart system, its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
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Yi, Huang. "Research on water environment and water saving management of swimming places." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126701020.
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The swimming gymnasium is a social public water industry with water as the carrier, which integrates fitness, education and entertainment. It is an important part of water saving work to strengthen the water environment and water saving management of swimming places because of its large water consumption, complex water users and relatively concentrated water consumption time. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the demand and construction of swimming venues have rapid development, consuming a lot of water resources.
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Nićiforović, Jovan, and Dalibor Stajić. "Recreational swimming as a physical aspect of wellness and its impact on health tourism." Menadzment u hotelijerstvu i turizmu 9, no. 1 (2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2101135n.
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Changes in Fitness index values, monitored by the Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (UKK) Walking test, were examined in this study due to its practical application in the assessment of aerobic capacity, especially after planned wellness activities of moderate intensity. This research is designed as a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before and after study, and according to it, Fitness index values obtained by the UKK test and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated before and after 8 weeks of planned wellness activities (recreational swimming). After the wellness activity, the average Fitness index value was increased by 1.13% (the difference was statistically significant with p = 0.000) while BMI value was significantly decreased by 1.82% (p = 0.000). Considering our results, the Fitness index could have practical importance for the assessment of endurance performance in man. That means that Fitness index can be used for estimating aerobic capacity and effect of wellness on health improvement and disease prevention.
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Steel, C., and A. Morrice-West. "A survey of trainers on the use of swimming and other water-based exercise for Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 3 (2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190012.
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We aimed to determine the extent of use of water-based exercise and to describe swimming training practices in Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. A convenience sample of 118 trainers were interviewed, information relating to swimming protocols, perceived benefits and contra-indications, and use of other water-based exercise recorded and descriptive data analyses performed. Water-based exercise was used by 85.6% (n=101) trainers: 82.2% (n=97) swimming, 25.4% (n=30) using a water walker, 13.6% (n=16) incorporating ridden trotting (‘surging’) exercise in chest deep water, and 1.7% (n=2) using an underwater treadmill. Common reasons (and trainer %) for swimming were training variety and mental ‘freshness’ (62.9%), part of the exercise regime on ‘slow’ days (61.9%) and fitness benefits (60.8%). These horses swam a median of 50-90 m (ranging from a minimum of 40-180 m to a maximum of 40-450 m), continuously or as intervals, after track work, once or twice daily a median 3 days/week (range 0.5-7). Swimming for 50 (range 40-120 m) to 90 m (range 40-200 m) before track work 7 days/week (range 3-7) was used by 43 of the 97 trainers (44.3%) to manage horses prone to exertional rhabdomyolysis. Swimming was used to replace fast work by three trainers who swam horses with limb injuries up to 270-450 m. Common reasons (and % trainers) for not swimming individual horses were demeanour/distress (73.2%), previous swim colic (35.1%) or exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (35.1%) although only five trainers had ever seen epistaxis after swimming exercise. Swimming is widely used in training Thoroughbred horses in Australia yet trainer opinions particularly on fitness benefits, contra-indications and protocols vary widely and need to be scientifically validated. Diversifying training activities is a common strategy for managing racehorses in training, yet a better understanding of the best use of swimming and other cross-training options is needed so that evidence-based recommendations can be made.
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Zaguzova, Svetlana A., Alexander Yu Keino, and Angelina A. Protopopova. "Impact of wellness swimming technique on women 40–50 years old with cardiovascular pathology." Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, no. 9 (2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-1(9)-61-67.
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Currently, traditional and non-traditional means are widely used in recreational swimming. Traditional means of recreational swimming include all methods of sports and applied swimming. Unconventional forms of swimming classes include hydroaerobics (aquaerobics), hydroshaping, hydroprophylaxis, etc. Functional tasks (general strengthening effect, improvement of respiratory and circulatory function, strengthening of certain muscle groups, posture correction, etc.) determine the choice of swimming style or individual elements from the swimming style for recreational classes. In some cases, it is advisable to depart from the principles of sports swimming and combine different styles, for example, hands work as a breaststroke, and legs work as a front crowl. Combinations of movements from different swimming styles are easier for many people to coordinate, so they absorb them faster and easier in wellness swimming. Occupation of wellness swimming is recommended both for people who have deviations in their state of health, and simply for those who want to strengthen body and increase its functionality. A gradual increase in the load with a reasonable dosage of swimming exercises both on land and in water characterizes occupations of this type of swimming. Groups for classes are formed taking into account the age, gender, form and degree of disease, different levels of swimming fitness of those involved.
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Hlukhov, Ivan. "Substantiation of preparedness control content in the system of students’ teaching swimming in higher education institutions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(127) (November 27, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.7(127).08.
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Focusing on the clear priorities underlying the physical education of student youth, it is mandatory for them to master the system of applied skills. In order to objectify the effectiveness of the swimming teaching system for students of higher education institutions and to study the dynamics of individual indicators of preparedness, we consider it expedient to seek help from experts to find ways to improve this process.
 The purpose of the study: to establish the means and indicators of preparedness control students of higher education institutions in the swimming teaching system.
 Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature data, analysis of documentary materials, expert survey, methods of mathematical statistics.
 Organization. In the expert survey during May-August 2020 took part 18 specialists (average work experience 18.2 years, sports qualification from candidate of master of sport to Honored master of sports of Ukraine).
 Results. It is established that for the final levels of students’ swimming teaching system in control at the first place is the functional support of the relevant modes of muscles work, adaptation to the conditions of overcoming segments different in nature and length, conditions of educational and training process. Experts do not have a single opinion on the objective criteria for the control of novice students (those who are at the first level of swimming skills). They did not need to find out the swimming skills of students at these levels of swimming skills. With the increase of students' mastery of swimming skills, the ratio of general competencies (physical fitness, physical development, etc.) and special (swimming fitness) has shifted towards the former. Conclusions. For the first time was considered the issue of swimming preparedness control of students during their education in a higher education institution and the implementation of a holistic and hierarchical swimming teaching system. There was established a possibility of increasing the number of tests (control exercises) to increase the level of students' swimming skills and the availability of a significant number of tests that can be included in the variable part of the control unit. At the same time, there are differences in the standardized part at different levels.
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Brodkin, Peter, and Maureen R. Weiss. "Developmental Differences in Motivation for Participating in Competitive Swimming." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 12, no. 3 (1990): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.3.248.
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This study examined developmental differences in motives for participating in competitive swimming across the lifespan. Six age groupings were chosen based on underlying cognitive criteria identified in the literature: younger and older children, high school/college age, and young, middle, and older adults. Swimmers from YMCAs (N= 100) completed the Participation Motivation Questionnaire modified by D. Gould, Feltz, and Weiss (1985). An exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors: characteristics of competitive swimming, health/fitness, social status, affiliation, energy release, significant others, and fan. A MANOVA on the factor scores revealed a significant age group main effect. Follow-up analyses indicated that characteristics of competitive swimming was rated significantly lower by the older adults while social status was rated significantly higher by older children and high school/college-age swimmers. Significant others was rated significantly higher by children, and fen was rated most important by younger children and older adults. Finally, health/fitness motives were rated highest by young and middle adults and lowest by older children and older adults. Implications of the findings for a cognitive-developmental approach to participation motivation are discussed.
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Olivier, Nicolas, and Frédéric N. Daussin. "Relationships Between Isokinetic Shoulder Evaluation and Fitness Characteristics of Elite French Female Water-Polo Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 64, no. 1 (2018): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0181.
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Abstract Swimming and throwing are involved in water-polo player performance. These movements have a common biomechanical basis in the use of the internal shoulder rotation and adductor muscles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between shoulder isokinetic evaluation and throwing velocity as well as swimming performance in female water-polo players. Fifteen high level water-polo players completed two isokinetic shoulder evaluations to determine peak torque of shoulder rotators of the dominant shoulder (concentric and eccentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and concentric movements at an angular velocity of 240°·s-1) and shoulder extensors of both arms (concentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1). Throwing velocity was measured using a radar gun placed 5 m behind the goal post. Front crawl swimming velocity was determined at 25 m, 100 m and 400 m distances. Concentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1 of internal rotators and eccentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 of external rotators were predictors of throwing velocity. The best model to explain the relationship between isokinetic evaluations and throwing velocity was obtained with concentric IR peak torque at 60°·s-1 and eccentric ER peak torque at 60°·s-1 (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.012). Relative total work done and peak torque of shoulder extensors were predictors of 25 m swimming velocity. Shoulder isokinetic evaluations correlate significantly with swimming performance and throwing velocity of female water-polo players. The results may help coaches to develop new strategies such as eccentric dry land training programs to increase both shoulder external rotators strength and throwing velocity.
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Cardon, Greet, Stefanie Verstraete, Dirk De Clercq, and Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij. "RESEARCH NOTE: Physical Activity Levels in Elementary-School Physical Education: A Comparison of Swimming and Nonswimming Classes." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 23, no. 3 (2004): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.23.3.252.
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The main goal of the current study was to compare physical activity levels during swimming and nonswimming elementary physical education classes. We conducted a preliminary study and found that the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) could be used to register physical activity engagement levels in swimming classes. Thirty-nine classes, involving 8- to 12-year olds, participated in one swimming and one nonswimming physical education class. Classes were videotaped and physical activity levels for 234 students were quantified using SOFIT. Students engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during swimming classes than during nonswimming classes. As a consequence, we advocate the inclusion of swimming lessons in physical education. Because the average engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was lower than the recommended 50% in 41% of swimming classes and in 77% of the nonswimming classes, however, comprehensive efforts are needed to increase physical activity levels during both types of elementary physical education classes.
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Hill, Lee, Pantelis Nikolaidis, and Beat Knechtle. "Swimming during COVID-19: Operational recommendations and considerations for South African swimming venues." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8993.
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 Swimming is one of the most popular recreational activities in South Africa. Since the emergence of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), South Africa imposed one of the strictest lockdown measures to contain and control the spread of the virus. These measures included the closure of gyms, fitness centres and swimming pools across the country. However, as the restrictions begin to ease, it is important to consider how swimming facilities can reopen whilst simultaneously ensuring appropriate measures are in place to reduce COVID-19 infections. Outlined are recommendations and considerations for swimming facilities in South Africa. Currently there is no evidence to suggest that COVID-19 transmission to humans is possible through water, making swimming one of the safer options for physical activity indoors. However, participation is still not without risk and compliance with government mandates and public health officials take precedent over the recommendations outlined in this article.
 
 
 
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Glukhov, I. G., K. V. Drobot, G. G. Glukhova, A. S. Edelev, and K. V. Abramov. "Formation of the Complex of Indicators for Controling Students in the Process of Training Swimming." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (2020): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.406.
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The reliability of the scientific research results is largely determined by the level of adequate selection and complexity of methods, obtaining objective data. It is also a determinant of the scientific information structure and content quality, its processing and generalization. The purpose of the study was to select and characterize a methodic complex for obtaining objective data of monitoring the students’ performance in the process of swimming training. Material and methods. We used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical data, sources of the Internet, documentary sources, system analysis, historical and logical, comparative analysis and extrapolation, synthesis and modeling. Results and discussion. The implementation of the system of training students swimming cannot take place without correct control over this process. Due to the need of objective evaluation the effectiveness of different methodical content of training swimming programs, there is a need to find the complex of indicators (based on available diagnosis methods and techniques). For in-depth and extensive study of student youth’ indicators in the process of swimming training and implementation of basic control tasks in pedagogical research proposed 22 methods for determining the physical development and functional condition, 15 tests and exercises for determining the physical fitness of students, 5 indicators for determine psychophysiological characteristics and more than 20 indicators for monitoring the swimming preparedness of students. Conclusion. The theoretical part of any research involves in-depth study and characterization of physical education external and internal factors at different educational levels. For substantiating, developing, and implementing the main research results we used scientific and methodological data, significant number of basic research in the field of physical culture and sports, regulations and management protocols of physical education in higher education institutions etc. Tests complexes for evaluation of physical fitness, findings of physical development, psychophysiological indicators, data of swimming fitness, and objective indicators of the functioning the basic systems of the students’ body are formed with taking into account the recommendations of special literature. The research provides appropriate metrological requirements, which allow selecting tests that are easy to reproduce and provide simple but reliable ways to results fixation
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NELSON, JAY A. "Critical Swimming Speeds of Yellow Perch Perca Flavescens: Comparison of Populations from a Naturally Acidic Lake and a Circumneutral Lake in Acid and Neutral Water." Journal of Experimental Biology 145, no. 1 (1989): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.145.1.239.
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The objectives of this study were to determine if environmental acidity reduces swimming performance in the acid-tolerant yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and to use swimming performance as an indicator of fitness in testing whether fish from naturally acidic environments perform better in acidic water. Perch from a naturally acidic lake (pH4.4) or a nearby circumneutral lake were swum after either 5–7 months of laboratory acclimation to simulated soft, natural waters or after more than 2 years of acclimation to hard, circumneutral water. The performance test was a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) determination, with 5 cms−1 velocity increments at 30min intervals. Low environmental pH (4.0) produced significant decreases in average swimming performance in each of three experimental series. Acid decreased performance in most but not all fish. The two perch populations had similar mean Ucrit values when swimming in acid water. Pre-acclimation to hard water significantly increased swimming performance. Gravid females acclimated to acid water had very low critical swimming speeds in acid water, whereas Ucrit, changed little in acid water when oogenesis occurred in neutral water.
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F.L, Silva, Prado I.S., Fraga R.E., Rocha M.A., Juncá F.A., and Silva M.B. "Swimming ability in tadpoles of Physalaemus cf. cuvieri, Scinax x-signatus and Leptodactylus latrans (amphibia: anura) exposed to the insecticide chlorpyrifos." ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION 16, no. 1 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2021.01.02.
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We examined the swimming abilities of tadpoles exposed to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos for 24 h (at concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 µg L-1). Scinax x - signatus, Physalaemus cf cuvieri, and Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles were used as biological models. Our findings evidenced decreased swimming speeds in all tadpole species exposed to chlorpyrifos as compared to the control group, although with significant statistical differences only with P. cuvieri and L. latrans. Changes in swimming ability may indirectly lead to death or alter important growth and development parameters, as the reduced ability to swim can result in increased vulnerability to predators and impacts on feeding, thus altering their fitness.
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Farrell, Anthony P., William Bennett, and Robert H. Devlin. "Growth-enhanced transgenic salmon can be inferior swimmers." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 2 (1997): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-043.
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We examined the consequence of remarkably fast growth rates in transgenic fish, using swimming performance as a physiological fitness variable. Substantially faster growth rates were achieved by the insertion of an "all-salmon" growth hormone gene construct in transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). On an absolute speed basis, transgenic fish swam no faster at their critical swimming speed than smaller non-transgenic controls, and much slower than older non-transgenic controls of the same size. Thus, we find a marked trade-off between growth rate and swimming performance, and these results suggest that transgenic fish may be an excellent model to evaluate existing ideas regarding physiological design.
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Pearcy, Morgan, Noémie Delescaille, Pascale Lybaert, and Serge Aron. "Team swimming in ant spermatozoa." Biology Letters 10, no. 6 (2014): 20140308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0308.
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In species where females mate promiscuously, competition between ejaculates from different males to fertilize the ova is an important selective force shaping many aspects of male reproductive traits, such as sperm number, sperm length and sperm–sperm interactions. In eusocial Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants), males die shortly after mating and their reproductive success is ultimately limited by the amount of sperm stored in the queen's spermatheca. Multiple mating by queens is expected to impose intense selective pressure on males to optimize the transfer of sperm to the storage organ. Here, we report a remarkable case of cooperation between spermatozoa in the desert ant Cataglyphis savignyi . Males ejaculate bundles of 50–100 spermatozoa. Sperm bundles swim on average 51% faster than solitary sperm cells. Team swimming is expected to increase the amount of sperm stored in the queen spermatheca and, ultimately, enhance male posthumous fitness.
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Gatto, Christopher R., and Richard D. Reina. "The ontogeny of sea turtle hatchling swimming performance." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 1 (2020): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa113.
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Abstract Sea turtle hatchlings experience high mortality rates during dispersal. To minimize time spent in predator-dense waters, hatchlings typically undergo a period of hyperactivity termed the ‘frenzy’, characterized by almost continuous swimming for ~24 h. Research has focused on swimming performance during the frenzy, but our understanding of changes in swimming performance post-frenzy is limited. Thus, we measured green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchling swimming performance during the frenzy and post-frenzy when the turtles were 4, 12 and 24 weeks old. Using load cells, we recorded thrust production, stroke rates and the time turtles spent performing various swimming gaits. We found that the proportion of time spent powerstroking and the thrust generation per powerstroke were the main determinants of overall swimming performance. Older, larger turtles generated more thrust per stroke, but the proportion of time spent powerstroking throughout the entire swimming trial did not differ among age groups. Hatchlings have been thought mainly to use currents to reach nursery foraging grounds, and our findings suggest that hatchling swimming might also play an important role in directing hatchlings to optimal nursery habitats, supporting recent studies. Additionally, turtle size is positively related to swimming performance in post-frenzy turtles, suggesting that faster-growing turtles might have fitness advantages over slower-growing turtles.
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Nosko, Mykola, Olexander Arkhypov, Oleg Khudolii, Zoya Filatova, and Maryna Yevtushok. "Pedagogical Conditions for Swimming Skills Development in Students of Pedagogical Educational Institutions." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 11, no. 2 (2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/127.
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The purpose of this study was to determine pedagogical conditions for effective swimming training of students of pedagogical educational institutions.Materials and methods. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 45 first-year female students of the schools of foreign philology, physics and mathematics education, natural geography and ecology (special medical group) who had a sufficient physical fitness level and could not swim. The control group (CG) was composed of 40 first-year female students of the schools of foreign philology, physics and mathematics education, natural geography and ecology (special medical group) who had a sufficient physical fitness level, could float, swim short distances (3-5 meters).Results.After the experiment, there was a significant improvement in the test results. Specifically, the experimental group students showed increasein all parameters of the cardiorespiratory system functional state – an increase in breath-holding time in the Stange’s test and the Genci’s test (р= 0.001) and, accordingly, in the Harvard step test (р = 0.001). The results of the experimental group students improved in the Harvard step test by 13.56%; in the Stange’s test – by 9.26%; in the Genci’s test – by 13.15% (р= 0.001).The experimental group students showed a statistically significant improvement in the test results of physical fitness. Specifically, in the tests: “Standing long jump”, the result increased by 4.70%; “Sit-ups in 30 seconds” – by 10.59%; “Jumping rope” – by 6.91%; “Push-ups” – by 17.62% (p= 0.001).Conclusions.The study revealed a statistically significant effectiveness of the suggested methods of teaching swimming to special medical group students. On the basis of discriminant analysis, the researchers ascertained a statistically significant influence of the experimental methods on the dynamics of the students’ physical and functional fitness. Positive dynamics of change was found in the indicators of high level of anxiety during swimming training.
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Ishmukhametova, Nailya, Sergey Ilin, and Ruslan Garifullin. "IMPLEMENTATION OF SWIMMING CLASSES IN THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM OF NON-PROFILED UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON STUDENT BODIES." SCIENCE AND SPORT: current trends 8, no. 1 (2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36028/2308-8826-2020-8-1-122-127.
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Purpose: to study the impact of swimming classes in a non-profiled university on the health potential and physical fitness of students. Methods and organization of research: standard methods of research of student health indicators, educational testing, questionnaire, expert assessment, observation, mathematical processing of research outcomes. The study involved 40 male students aged 18±1 years of the 1st and 2nd years of study of Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, without health restrictions. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups with 20 people in each group. Research results and discussion. At the beginning of the first semester, we identified the indicators of cardiovascular, respiratory system and physical fitness of students. During next four semesters, students of the control group participated in practical classes on the traditional program of physical education for a major group of university students (twice a week for two hours). Students in the experimental group had one traditional class and one swimming class per week. At the end of the fourth semester, we reassessed previously studied indicators for the students in experimental and control groups and compared the outcomes. Conclusion. The research revealed that the implementation of swimming classes in physical education programs of non-profiled universities even in small volumes (once a week for 2 hours) result in the improvement of indicators of student health potential and physical fitness. In particular, the suggested training strategy provided the improvement of the following indicators: cardiovascular indicators according to the Ruthier test and orthostatic test by 18.4% and 21.3% respectively, respiratory indicators according to the Shtange and Genchi test – by 9.1% and 12.5%, physical fitness indicators for the sit-up exercise – by 22.8%, for the push-up exercise – by 15.6%.
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Răsădean, Marcel. "Masters swimming competitions – A study on applying a registration fee." Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 7, no. 13 (2014): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tperj-2015-0019.
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Abstract At the conceptual level, masters swimming is systematically practiced in an organized environment, by adults as amateurs. According to the level of personal motivation, practicing swimming by adults can be conducted as: a recreational activity (leisure swimming); an activity for maintaining physical capacity (fitness); a therapeutic activity; a socializing activity; an initiation activity for adults; a competitive activity. The competitive activity values the sportive dimension of masters swimming. At a worldwide level, there are many masters swimming competitions, and the vast majority of them are organized by the masters swimming clubs. Taking into account that the financing of masters swimming events is mainly based on income from the participation fees, the choice of the participation fee is an important factor in the financial success of such an event. The purpose of this study is to analyse the financial impact determined by applying the two most common types of participation fees both on the organizing club and on the participants themselves. Furthermore, we aim to find a way of taxing participation so that one may take part in as many competitions as possible, but also to ensure the budgetary balance of the event.
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Hobden, Tanya, Mary Swallow, Charlotte Beer, and Tom Dening. "Swimming for dementia: An exploratory qualitative study: Innovative practice." Dementia 18, no. 2 (2018): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301218768372.
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Swimming is a non-weight bearing form of exercise that can be enjoyable and promote physical fitness. This qualitative study investigated a local group established as part of a national dementia swimming initiative. Semi-structured interviews with people with dementia (N = 4), carers or companions (N = 4) and the organisers and facilitators of the group (N = 6) were analysed using thematic analysis. This revealed four main themes: (1) the pleasure of swimming and its benefits as a form of exercise and for building confidence and empowering participants, (2) the importance of insight and empathy in creating a safe and secure experience, (3) the impact of dementia and (4) how participants valued being part of a group ‘all in the same boat’. ‘Dementia friendly swimming’ appears to be a valuable form of exercise, but it requires considerable preparation and support to make it happen.
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A, Sabaritha. "A Survey on Swimming as a Fitness Practice Among Dental Students." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 13, no. 8 (2020): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.8/161.
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Petrunina, Svetlana V., Irina A. Kiryuhina, and Svetlana M. Khabarova. "The initial stage of sports training of children with the musculoskeletal system disorders in adaptive swimming." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 186 (2020): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-186-154-161.
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We present the analysis of sports motor skills development in children with musculoskeletal disorders by means of adaptive swimming. The developed methods of sports training for children with musculoskeletal disorders in adaptive swimming at the initial stage were designed for three years. All participants were students of the adaptive swimming school. The significance of the presented study lies in the fact that the knowledge about the content of private adaptive swimming techniques in the system of sports training for children with musculoskeletal disorders is analyzed, presented and supplemented. We expand the concept of the effectiveness of adaptive swimming use in increasing the level of physical activity and sports preparedness of children with musculoskeletal disorders to solve the problems of their social integration. The provisions reflecting the structure and content of the educational process of adaptive swimming at the initial stage of sports training are disclosed. Features of the training process depend on the degree of motor and functional capabilities of children with musculoskeletal disorders. An analysis of the pedagogical experiment results is presented, which reflects a change in indicators of physical development, physical and functional fitness of children with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Hasler, Caleb T., Cory D. Suski, Kyle C. Hanson, Steven J. Cooke, David P. Philipp, and Bruce L. Tufts. "Effect of water temperature on laboratory swimming performance and natural activity levels of adult largemouth bass." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 7 (2009): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-044.
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Although locomotory performance in vertebrates is related to fitness, most performance tests are conducted in a laboratory setting, or in a manner that forces the organism to move not of their own volition. Biotelemetry offers the possibility to measure voluntary activity in a natural setting and provides the opportunity to combine laboratory-derived data with field studies on wild fish. In this study, it was found that laboratory- and field-based measurements of swimming performance and voluntary activity resulted in similar general seasonal trends, though each measurement assessed a different swimming type. In the field, all swimming metrics were lower at cooler water temperatures and were lowest during early winter (mean daily activity = 0.016 BL/s; mean voluntary swimming activity = 0.04319 BL/s; maximum swimming speed = 0.17 BL/s). In the laboratory, fish acclimatized to 25.0, 14.0, and 7.5 °C decreased swimming performance (Ucrit) with water temperature (25.0 °C (2.17 BL/s); 14.0 °C (1.69 BL/s); 7.5 °C (1.17 BL/s). Although some species and tissues have been shown to exhibit different degrees of thermal adaptation, these results show that swimming, one of the most important functions in fish, is largely dependent on environmental temperature, at least in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)).
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Hadiansyah, Muhammad Chanifuddin, Ameilia Sawitri Hartono, Bagas Wahyu Prakoso, Farid Nur Ardiansyah, and Bhayu Billiandri. "The Benefits of Swimming on the Lungs Vital Capacity." Sports Medicine Curiosity Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/smcj.v1i1.58519.
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Sport is an activity that is useful to nourish the individual body physically and spiritually. Health is an important need and has a major role in survival. Physical health or also called physical fitness has a vital contribution in indicators of a person's overall health status. Through descriptive-qualitative research method by collecting secondary and primary data from several journals. Swimming is a sport that is a form of water sports. Swimming is also a water aerobics sport, where this sport requires a lot of oxygen input. The benefits of this swimming sport are on the respiratory system. The respiratory system is one of the systems found in the individual's body that plays an important role in the process of life. In swimming, which is an aerobic exercise that requires a lot of oxygen, this affects the vital capacity of the lungs. The vital capacity of the lungs is the maximum amount of oxygen that enters the lungs. So that by doing swimming regularly, the vital capacity of the lungs will be better.
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Raspopova, Evgeniya, Julia Postolnik, and Dmitry Maltsev. "The use of synchronized swimming exercises in the process of students physical education." BIO Web of Conferences 26 (2020): 00071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600071.
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The article presents an analysis of the motives, needs, interests, beliefs and students valuable orientations to the physical culture and sport. The study showed that it is necessary to modernize the process of physical education and improve some educational programs in high school. The ability to swim is a professional and applied skill in the structure of pedagogical specialties professional competencies. In order to improve applied swimming skills, as well as to maintain the interest of University students in physical education, a technology for training and improving swimming skills was developed. A set of available synchronized swimming exercises was selected and included in the program of the elective discipline “Physical culture and sports, in the course “Swimming”. Two groups were selected: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group trains with use available means of synchronized swimming. The control group exercise by the generally accepted method. The experiment lasted for one academic year (2017-2018). The classes were held once a week, for 2 academic hours: 45 minutes – a lesson in the hall and 45 minutes – on the water. The experimental group’s students showed results significantly superior to the results of control group’s students in all indicators of swimming fitness. The study shows the possibility of using a large arsenal of synchronized swimming tools to improve the swimming skills of University students.
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Botonis, Petros G., Argyris G. Toubekis, Gerasimos D. Terzis, Nickos D. Geladas, and Theodoros I. Platanou. "Effects of Concurrent Strength and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fitness and Match Performance in Water-Polo Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 67, no. 1 (2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0001.
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AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine changes in performance and match-induced fatigue over a 27-week training period. Eight national-level water-polo players performed a 5 x 200 m swimming test to calculate velocities corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol.l-1 at three testing periods: i) baseline, ii) end of the pre-season (8 weeks of 4 x 4 min swimming bouts), iii) end of the in-season (8 weeks of 8 x 20 m swimming sprints). During each testing period, four competitive matches were played and repeated sprints (8 x 20 m), 400 m swimming, and shooting accuracy were evaluated at the pre- and post-match. Repeated sprint tests were also conducted at mid-game. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to detect changes among training periods and within games. Swimming velocities corresponding to 4.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol.l-1 were increased after the pre-season by 9%, 7.7%, and 6.7% (p < 0.01) and decreased following the in-season compared to the pre-season by 8.9%, 7.0% and 3.3% (p < 0.01), respectively. Pre-match repeated sprints and 400 m performance were improved after the pre-season by 4.3% and 3.8% (p < 0.01) and decreased by ~3% after the in-season compared to the pre-season (p < 0.01). Mid- and post-match repeated sprint performance was improved after the pre-season by 4.8 ± 1.4% and 4.4 ± 1.1% and remained unchanged after the in-season compared to the pre-season. Post-match 400 m speed was improved by 3.2% after the pre-season (p < 0.01) and decreased by 2.8% after the in-season (p = 0.04).Pre-season training improved players’ aerobic endurance and performance. Intensified in-season training decreased aerobic power, endurance, and pre-match performance while maintaining match repeated sprint performance.
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Monakhova, E. G. "Water Aerobics as a Means of Increasing Motivation of Students to Swimming." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 2, 2020 (2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-2-183-191.
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The article reveals the problems of motivating students to do swimming in the framework of the academic discipline “Elective disciplines in physical education and sports”. Swimming training according to the generally accepted methodology does not correspond to the interests of most female students. At a student age, girls pay significant attention to the beauty of their body, so they choose the systems of physical exercises that contribute to the harmonious development of the body. They have an increased interest in various areas of health-improving aerobics both on land and in water, for example, water aerobics. The main advantage of water aerobics is the possibility of including students of various levels of physical fitness in the classes. In addition, physical exercises in water effectively relieve psycho emotional stress and form swimming skills. The introduction of water aerobics into the practice of the process of teaching swimming girls will improve the effectiveness of the learning process in this discipline.
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Tripani, Wenni Juniarni, Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan, and Willy Handoko. "THE EFFECT OF SINGLE- AND REPEATED- EXCESSIVE SWIMMING EXERCISE ON KIDNEY HISTOPATHOLOGY OF MALE RATS WISTAR STRAIN (Rattus norvegicus)." Muhammadiyah Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/mmj.1.1.33-42.
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Background: Physical exercise aims to improve or maintain physical fitness. However, excessive physical exercise may cause increase of oxidative stress which leads to cellular injury, including in the proximal tubules of kidney. This research aims to find out the effect of single- and repeated- excessive swimming exercise to the kidney histopathology of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was an experimental study with complete random and post test only control group design. Twenty seven male wistar rats were divided into three treatment groups: control group, single- excessive swimming exercise group (45 minutes for one day), and repeated- excessive swimming exercise group (45 minutes/day for seven days). In the end of the treatment, the kidney of the rats were taken to be analyzed by using hematoxylin-eosin stain. The mean of proximal tubules injury of kidneys were counted by two observers using blinded method. Data were analyzed by using one way anova test. Result: The analysis showed there was a significant difference in the mean percentage of proximal tubules injury between control group and single swimming group as well as the repeated swimming group (Anova p=0,000), also there was significant difference between the treatment groups (p=0,020). The highest average of proximal tubules injury was in the single swimming group. Conclusion: Single- and repeated- excessive swimming exercise causes the proximal tubules injury of kidney.
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Hinch, Scott G., and Peter S. Rand. "Optimal swimming speeds and forward-assisted propulsion: energy-conserving behaviours of upriver-migrating adult salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 12 (2000): 2470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-238.
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Anadromous salmon migrations are energetically expensive. Long-distance migrants should be efficient in their use of energy and minimize swimming costs wherever possible. We explore swimming strategies and energy-saving tactics employed by three long-distance-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks in the Fraser River watershed, British Columbia. We used stereovideography and bank-side observations to estimate swimming speeds (from tailbeat frequency) and ground speeds (using distance traveled and duration) for individuals at several sites. Salmon were highly efficient at migration (i.e., ground speeds equaled or exceeded swimming speeds) through reaches with relatively low encountered currents (<0.25 m·s-1). We speculate that salmon exploit small reverse-flow vortices to achieve this feat. With low encountered currents, most salmon migrated according to an optimal swimming speed model: migrants minimized transport costs per unit distance traveled. Generally, salmon were less efficient at migration with fast currents, although the Chilko stock were superoptimal migrants, possibly owing to unique morphology and (or) behaviours. The risk of significant delays is enhanced when fast currents are encountered. Under these conditions, relatively fast swimming speeds could minimize travel time, despite high costs. Migrants may be balancing energetic costs of migration against the fitness costs of spawning delays.
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Abou-Dest, Amira, Cédric T. Albinet, Geoffroy Boucard, and Michel Audiffren. "Swimming as a Positive Moderator of Cognitive Aging: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Multitask Approach." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/273185.
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This study examined whether regular swimming in older adults was related to better cognitive functioning and whether there were any global or selective positive effects of this physical activity (PA) on cognition. The cognitive performances of three groups of sixteen volunteer participants (young adults, sedentary older adults, and older adults who regularly practice swimming) were evaluated using a multitask approach. All participants performed a battery of ten tasks: two reaction time tasks assessing information processing speed and eight experimental tasks assessing three executive functions (EFs), (behavioral inhibition, working memory updating, and cognitive flexibility). The results showed that young adults performed significantly better than older adults on all examined cognitive functions. However, in older adults, regular swimming was related to better performance on the three EFs, but not on information processing speed. More precisely, five experimental tasks out of the eight tapping EFs were shown to be sensitive to positive effects from swimming practice. Finally, the demonstrated benefits of swimming on EFs were not necessarily linked to better cardiorespiratory fitness. The present findings illustrate the validity of using a multitask approach in examining the potential benefits of regular PA on cognitive aging.
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Binning, Sandra A., Dominique G. Roche, and Cayne Layton. "Ectoparasites increase swimming costs in a coral reef fish." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (2013): 20120927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0927.
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Ectoparasites can reduce individual fitness by negatively affecting behavioural, morphological and physiological traits. In fishes, there are potential costs if ectoparasites decrease streamlining, thereby directly compromising swimming performance. Few studies have examined the effects of ectoparasites on fish swimming performance and none distinguish between energetic costs imposed by changes in streamlining and effects on host physiology. The bridled monocle bream ( Scolopsis bilineatus ) is parasitized by an isopod ( Anilocra nemipteri), which attaches above the eye. We show that parasitized fish have higher standard metabolic rates (SMRs), poorer aerobic capacities and lower maximum swimming speeds than non-parasitized fish. Adding a model parasite did not affect SMR, but reduced maximum swimming speed and elevated oxygen consumption rates at high speeds to levels observed in naturally parasitized fish. This demonstrates that ectoparasites create drag effects that are important at high speeds. The higher SMR of naturally parasitized fish does, however, reveal an effect of parasitism on host physiology. This effect was easily reversed: fish whose parasite was removed 24 h earlier did not differ from unparasitized fish in any performance metrics. In sum, the main cost of this ectoparasite is probably its direct effect on streamlining, reducing swimming performance at high speeds.
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León-Quismondo, Jairo, José Bonal, Pablo Burillo, and Álvaro Fernández-Luna. "Walkability and Fitness Center Prices, Opening Hours, and Extra Services: The Case of Madrid, Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (2020): 5622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155622.
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Walkability has been associated with urban development and political plans, contributing to more connected cities with improvements in communication, shopping, and pedestrian base. Among these services, fitness centers are becoming important elements for communities due to their impact on the health and welfare of citizens. The present study aims to examine how an area’s Walk Score® affects fitness center services, specifically membership costs, opening hours, and aquatic services. Data from 193 fitness centers were retrieved, representing all the areas of the municipality of Madrid, Spain, including fitness centers in the 21 city districts. A nonlinear relationship between an area’s Walk Score® and fitness centers’ monthly fees is observed. Only in premium fitness centers, a weak curvilinear model is observed, following a quadratic equation, showing that fitness centers with higher prices are in less walkable areas. Additionally, the association between Walk Score® and a fitness center’s opening hours reveals that fitness centers with wider hours of operation tend to be in moderately to highly walkable locations. Lastly, the existence of a swimming pool is related to a lower Walk Score®. Thus, fitness centers in less walkable areas try to offer additional services as differentiation from competitors, whereas centers in walkable locations use this advantage as a strength.
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Demura, Shinich. "Sexual differences in physique, physical fitness and swimming skill in college swimmers." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 31, no. 2 (1986): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003392258.
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Reis, Joana F., Francisco B. Alves, Paula M. Bruno, Veronica Vleck, and Gregoire P. Millet. "Effects of aerobic fitness on oxygen uptake kinetics in heavy intensity swimming." European Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 5 (2011): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2126-6.
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Yilmaz, Ilker, Mehmet Yanardag, Bunyamin Birkan, and Gonca Bumin. "Effects of swimming training on physical fitness and water orientation in autism." Pediatrics International 46, no. 5 (2004): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01938.x.
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Kuppers, Petra, VK Preston, Pamela Block, and Kirsty Johnston. "Public Intimacies: Water Work in Play." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i1.470.
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This essay emerges out of water. It follows the thoughts of four disability culture scholars and artists who went swimming together and reflected on artful methods of public somatic presence. The writing developed from Petra Kuppers’ initial queercrip aqua-fitness research, and from a series of communal post-swim free-writes in which the group meditated on boundaries and contiguity, on contagious laughter and demonstrative peace. The team conceptualized their self-care in a range of different ways: as political, as queered women’s labour, as deeply personal, and as forcefully communal. Through shared swimming, conversation, and writing, they became conscious of the flows and undertows of somatic practice.
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Clark, Christopher W., George J. Gagnon, and Adam S. Frankel. "Fin whale singing decreases with increased swimming speed." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 6 (2019): 180525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180525.
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The attributes of male acoustic advertisement displays are often related to a performer's age, breeding condition and motivation, but these relationships are particularly difficult to study in free-ranging marine mammals. For fin whale singers, we examined the relationships between a singer's swimming speed, song duration and amount of singing. We used a unique set of fin whale singing and swimming data collected in support of the US Navy's marine mammal monitoring programme associated with the Navy's Integrated Undersea Surveillance System. A goal of the programme is to improve understanding of the potential effects of anthropogenic sound sources on baleen whale behaviours and populations. We found that as whales swam faster, some continued to sing, while others did not. If swimming speed is an indication of male stamina, then singing while swimming faster could be a display by which females and/or other males assess a singer's physical fitness and potential reproductive quality. Results have implications for interpreting fin whale singing behaviour and the possible influences of anthropogenic sounds on fin whale mating strategies and breeding success.
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Liu, Xinlu, Genevieve Sew, Hans Henrik Jakobsen, and Peter A. Todd. "The effects of suspended sediments on the swimming behavior of the calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa." Journal of Plankton Research 42, no. 1 (2020): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz071.
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Abstract Copepod swimming behavior is governed by chemical and hydro-mechanical cues. The environment of copepods, however, is frequently impacted by anthropogenic activities, in particular increased levels of suspended sediment due to coastal development. To better understand the effects of sediments on copepod behavior, we used video recordings to document free-swimming in Acartia tonsa under five sediment regimes, both with and without food. Results of the video analysis indicate that as sediment concentration increased, jumping increased and swimming paths became more convoluted. In the presence of prey, swimming trajectories became circular, as opposed to without prey, where paths were more erratic and slower. There was a reverse trend at higher sediment concentrations (120 and 200 mg l−1) for net velocity, turning rate and “spread of participation” index, which could indicate a behavioral threshold. Overall, greater motility with increasing sediment concentration suggests that the copepods were trying to transport themselves out of the sediment-affected area. In the absence of food, the energy cost of this behavior may affect the fitness of Acartia tonsa and, consequently, its predators.
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Parakhonko, V., and I. Khimich. "The influence of swimming lessons on the level of motor fitness and psycho-emotional state of students." (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(130) (February 22, 2021): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).22.
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The article reveals the influence of swimming lessons on the level of motor fitness and psychoemotional state of student youth. A survey was carried out among student youth in order to determine their psycho-emotional state. It was revealed that one of the most popular sports among both boys and girls is swimming. It was found that regular swimming lessons not only increase the level of physical activity, but also have a positive effect on mental activity and psycho-emotional state of young people.
 The educational, upbringing, developmental and health-improving value of physical education in higher education institutions, its contribution to the professional training of future specialists is emphasized by many author. Physical education classes contribute to the overall harmonious development of man.
 However, experts note a sharp decline in interest in physical education among schoolchildren and students, as well as the insignificant effectiveness of these classes, which affects the physical development and health of modern youth.
 Yesterday's student, becoming a student, gets into new conditions, characterized by the intensity of the study load, active social contacts and stressful situations. That is why the search for the most effective forms and methods of strengthening the health of students by means of physical culture remains relevant.
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Tokić, Grgur, and Dick K. P. Yue. "Optimal shape and motion of undulatory swimming organisms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1740 (2012): 3065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0057.
Full textAbstract:
Undulatory swimming animals exhibit diverse ranges of body shapes and motion patterns and are often considered as having superior locomotory performance. The extent to which morphological traits of swimming animals have evolved owing to primarily locomotion considerations is, however, not clear. To shed some light on that question, we present here the optimal shape and motion of undulatory swimming organisms obtained by optimizing locomotive performance measures within the framework of a combined hydrodynamical, structural and novel muscular model. We develop a muscular model for periodic muscle contraction which provides relevant kinematic and energetic quantities required to describe swimming. Using an evolutionary algorithm, we performed a multi-objective optimization for achieving maximum sustained swimming speed U and minimum cost of transport (COT)—two conflicting locomotive performance measures that have been conjectured as likely to increase fitness for survival. Starting from an initial population of random characteristics, our results show that, for a range of size scales, fish-like body shapes and motion indeed emerge when U and COT are optimized. Inherent boundary-layer-dependent allometric scaling between body mass and kinematic and energetic quantities of the optimal populations is observed. The trade-off between U and COT affects the geometry, kinematics and energetics of swimming organisms. Our results are corroborated by empirical data from swimming animals over nine orders of magnitude in size, supporting the notion that optimizing U and COT could be the driving force of evolution in many species.
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Miroshnichenko, V. N., V. Yu Bohuslavskaya, S. V. Salnykova, and Yu I. Dovhii. "FEATURES OF ADAPTATION OF WOMEN 25-35 YEARS OLD TO HEALTH-IMPROVING SWIMMING TRAINING." (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(130) (February 22, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).16.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the program of training sessions on health swimming and reveals its impact on the functional readiness of women 25-35 years.
 The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of the health swimming program on the functional fitness of women aged 25-35.
 The study involved females aged 25 to 35 years. The total number is 45 people. Classes were held three times a week in an indoor swimming pool.
 As part of the observational experiment, studies were conducted to determine the level of functional fitness, body composition, body weight, body mass index, basal metabolism.
 To identify the features of the reaction of the body of women to physical activity provided by the experimental program, a formative experiment was conducted. As part of the formative experiment, the survey was conducted in two stages - 12 and 24 weeks after the start of classes on the program. The content of the main part, in which the main tasks of the lesson were solved, consisted of an aerobic and anaerobic block of exercises. In the aerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the subjects covered the distance at a comfortable pace using different styles: crawl swimming, backstroke, breaststroke.
 In the anaerobic block of the main part of the lesson, the women swam several segments of 25 m in different styles at a pace that increased heart rate to 160-170 beats per minute (anaerobic lactate energy supply).
 Classes in the health swimming program helped to reduce body weight and body mass index in women (25-35 years). Such classes contributed most to the growth of their functional capabilities of the aerobic energy supply system, as indicated by the probable increase in the absolute and relative indicators of the threshold of anaerobic metabolism and maximum oxygen consumption. In addition, the functionality of the anaerobic lactate energy supply system has increased.