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Journal articles on the topic 'Fisica atomica e nucleare'
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1
Sterbinski, M. J., F. Zappoli, C. Tamburlini, and J. P. Ognon. "Risonanza neutrinica digitale." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 7, no. 4 (August 1994): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099400700409.
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Le indagini ormai tradizionali come la Tomografia Computerizzata (TC), la Tomografia ad Emissione di Positroni (PET) e la Risonanza Magnetica (RM), sono attualmente e drammaticamente superate dall'invenzione della Risonanza Neutrinica Digitale (RND), frutto di innovative ricerche nel campo della Cronoscopia e della Fisica Nucleare. La scoperta del neutrino neuropatico (VAINR), minuscola particella sub-atomica che disubbidisce sistematicamente a qualsiasi legge della Fisica tradizionale, ha rivoluzionato le precedenti conoscenze sull'argomento, rendendo in parte possibile uno dei più antichi desideri dell'uomo: «percorrere il tempo nelle due direzioni» anche se solo alla ricerca di patologia del Sistema Nervoso Centrale. Questo lavoro si propone di divulgare i più recenti sviluppi di questa straordinaria metodica ed ipotizza inoltre la nascita di una nuova disciplina neuroradiologica: oltre alla diagnostica, terapeutica e pediatrica anche la Neuroradiologia Cronobiologica.
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LUCHERINI, VINCENZO. "THE FINUDA EXPERIMENT ON DAΦNE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11051767.
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FINUDA (FIsica NUcleare a DAɸne) is a spectrometer built to study the interactions of stopped K - on nuclei, with emphasis on spectroscopy and decay of Λ-hypernuclei. Due to the nice performances of the apparatus and its ability to reconstruct secondary vertices, it proved suited to study also final states with several particles (including neutron), hence greatly enlarging the physical topics that could be addressed.
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Andrighetto, A., F. Borgna, M. Ballan, S. Corradetti, E. Vettorato, A. Monetti, M. Rossignoli, et al. "The ISOLPHARM project: A New ISOL production method of high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 48 (January 2018): 1860103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518601035.
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The ISOLPHARM project explores the feasibility of exploiting an innovative technology to produce extremely high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. This technique is expected to produce radiopharmaceuticals that are virtually mainly impossible to obtain in standard production facilities, at lower cost and with less environmental impact than traditional techniques. The groundbreaking ISOLPHARM method investigated in this project has been granted an international patent (INFN). As a component of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN–LNL), a new facility will produce radioactive ion beams of neutron-rich nuclei with high purity and a mass range of 80–160 amu. The radioactive isotopes will result from nuclear reactions induced by accelerating 40 MeV protons in a cyclotron to collide on a target of UC[Formula: see text]. The uranium in the target material will be [Formula: see text]U, yielding radioactive isotopes that belong to elements with an atomic number between 28 and 57. Isotope separation on line (ISOL) is adopted in the ISOLPHARM project to obtain pure isobaric beams for radiopharmaceutical applications, with no isotopic contaminations in the beam or subsequent trapping substrate. Isobaric contaminations may potentially affect radiochemical and radionuclide purity, but proper methods to separate chemically different elements can be developed.
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Parsi, Vittorio Emanuele. "La bomba e noi." EDUCAZIONE SENTIMENTALE, no. 14 (September 2010): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/eds2010-014003.
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Durante la Guerra Fredda le armi nucleari hanno segnato il panorama delle Relazioni Internazionali rendendo il conflitto tra le superpotenze di fatto improbabile. Sulla scia di tale esperienza, nella memoria attuale l'effetto stabilizzante della bomba atomica sembra quasi occultare gli aspetti piů nefasti e tuttora incompresi del delicato equilibrio del terrore. Tuttavia, la fine del bipolarismo e la frammentazione del sistema internazionale hanno minato il potenziale di stabilizzazione dell'ordigno nucleare, rendendolo al contrario un pericoloso fattore di disordine. Le recenti ambizioni nucleari (piů o meno coronate da successo) di Stati quali Pakistan, Corea del Nord e Iran impongono quindi un ripensamento non solo della teoria della deterrenza, ma dell'intera architettura istituzionale volta a prevenire la proliferazione nucleare.
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Lucherini, V. "THE FINUDA EXPERIMENT AT DAɸNE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 12 (December 2010): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310017022.
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The FINUDA (FIsica NUcleare a DAɸNE) experiment was built in order to study the interactions of stopped K - on nuclei, with emphasis on Hypernuclear spectroscopy and Hypernuclei decays. Due to the nice performances of the spectrometer, it proved also suited to study, more generally, final states with several particles and able to recostruct secondary vertices, hence greatly enlarging the physical topics that could be addressed.
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Soukeras, V., F. Cappuzzello, M. Cavallaro, D. Carbone, A. Hacisalihoglu, M. Fisichella, C. Agodi, et al. "Study of the 4He(4He,4He)4He* inelastic scattering at the MAGNEX facility." EPJ Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125204007.
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The 4He(4He,4He)4He* inelastic scattering was revisited in a new coincidence measurement at the MAGNEX facility of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. The 4He + 4He → 4He + 4He* → 4He + 3H + 1H and 4He + 4He → 4He + 4He* → 4He + 3He + n reactions were measured simultaneously by detecting the 4He particles at the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with the 3H and 3He at the OSCAR silicon telescope. The main concept of the experiment is described and the data reduction strategy is reported.
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Badalà, A., M. La Cognata, R. Nania, M. Osipenko, S. Piantelli, R. Turrisi, L. Barion, et al. "Trends in particle and nuclei identification techniques in nuclear physics experiments." La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 45, no. 3 (March 2022): 189–277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00028-5.
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AbstractParticle identification techniques are fundamental tools in nuclear physics experiments. Discriminating particles or nuclei produced in nuclear interactions allows to better understand the underlying physics mechanisms. The energy interval of these reactions is very broad, from sub-eV up to TeV. For this reason, many different identification approaches have been developed, often combining two or more observables. This paper reviews several of these techniques with emphasis on the expertise gained within the current nuclear physics scientific program of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN).
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Sgouros, O., V. Soukeras, A. Pakou, F. Cappuzzello, L. Acosta, C. Agodi, N. Alamanos, et al. "Study of continuum excitation by light weakly bound projectiles on proton target." EPJ Web of Conferences 223 (2019): 01058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922301058.
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Elastic scattering and breakup angular distribution measurements for the systems 6,7Li + p were performed at the MAGNEX facility of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) in Catania, in the energy range of (2.3–5.4)AMeV. The breakup channel was identified and quantified adopting the algorithm MULTIP.Within this algorithm which is a Monte Carlo simulation code, the history of the breakup fragments can be tagged from the rest frame of the decay nucleus itself to the laboratory frame. Angular distribution data of both elastic scattering and breakup were analyzed under the same theoretical model and the influence of continuum on the elastic channel was investigated.
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Niccolucci, Franco. "4CH: un progetto per sviluppare le applicazioni e le competenze digitali per la gestione del patrimonio culturale." DigItalia 17, no. 1 (June 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36181/digitalia-00045.
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L’articolo descrive il progetto europeo 4CH – Centro di Competenza per la conservazione del patrimonio culturale. Il progetto, coordinato da INFN – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare attraverso la sua rete di laboratori CHNet, realizzerà un Centro che metterà a disposizione di operatori e istituzioni tecnologie scientifiche e digitali avanzate per la conservazione e il restauro, in particolare l’uso di modelli 3D. Le metodologie e tecnologie saranno documentate e rese disponibili, insieme a standard e buone pratiche, su una base digitale della conoscenza. Saranno inoltre creati strumenti di formazione e di aggiornamento. Il Centro di Competenza europeo si articolerà attraverso una rete di Centri nazionali, e insieme contribuiranno a realizzare la trasformazione digitale del settore dei beni culturali.
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Miliucci, Marco, Massimiliano Bazzi, Damir Bosnar, Mario Bragadireanu, Marco Carminati, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, et al. "Silicon Drift Detectors’ Spectroscopic Response during the SIDDHARTA-2 Kaonic Helium Run at the DAΦNE Collider." Condensed Matter 6, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat6040047.
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A large-area silicon drift detectors (SDDs) system has been developed by the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration for high precision light kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy at the DAΦNE collider of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare—Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. The SDDs’ geometry and electric field configuration, combined with their read-out electronics, make these devices suitable for performing high precision light kaonic atom spectroscopy measurements in the background of the DAΦNE collider. This work presents the spectroscopic response of the SDDs system during the first exotic atoms run of SIDDHARTA-2 with kaonic helium, a preliminary to the kaonic deuterium data taking campaign. The SIDDHARTA-2 spectroscopic system has good energy resolution and a 2 μs timing window which rejects the asynchronous events, scaling the background by a factor of 10−5. The results obtained for the first exotic atoms run of SIDDHARTA-2 prove this system to be ready to perform the challenging kaonic deuterium measurement.
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Curceanu, Catalina, Marco Miliucci, Massimiliano Bazzi, Damir Bosnar, Mario Bragadireanu, Marco Carminati, Michael Cargnelli, et al. "Kaonic atoms measurements at the DAΦNE collider: the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 258 (2022): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225807006.
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The X-ray spectroscopy measurements of light kaonic atoms’ deexcitation towards the fundamental level provide unique information on the low-energy Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) in the strangeness sector, being a direct probe of the kaon/nucleon interaction at threshold, unobtainable through the scattering experiments. In this framework, the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration is going to perform the first kaonic deuterium 2p → 1s transition measurement at the DAΦNE collider of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. Combining this measurement with the kaonic hydrogen one performed by SIDDHARTA in 2009 it will be possible to obtain, in a model-independent way, the isospin-dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths. The paper introduces the SIDDHARTA-2 setup, an upgraded version with respect to the one used for the kaonic hydrogen measurement, dedicated to the ambitious kaonic deuterium measurement, together with the preliminary results obtained during the kaonic helium run, preparatory for the SIDDHARTA-2 data taking campaign.
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Demin, Barbara, Sandra Parlati, Pietro Fedele Spinnato, and Stefano Stalio. "U-LITE, a Private Cloud Approach for Particle Physics Computing." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.2019010101.
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The computing infrastructure of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the primary platform for data storage, analysis, computing and simulation of the LNGS-based experiments, which are part of the research activities of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). Scientific collaborations running such experiments have diverse needs and adopt different approaches in developing the computing frameworks that support their activities. The emergence of resource virtualization and the cloud paradigm has allowed a complete change to the way of operating and managing the LNGS computing infrastructure, and realize U-LITE, a private versatile environment apt at hosting such varied ecosystem and providing LNGS scientific users a familiar computing interface which hides all the complexities of a modern data center management. Since 2011, U-LITE has proven to be a valuable tool for the LNGS experiments, and provides an example of effective use of a private Cloud computing approach in a real scientific context.
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Cavalli, Alessandro, Daniele Cesini, Enrico Fattibene, Andrea Prosperini, and Vladimir Sapunenko. "HSM and backup services at INFN-CNAF." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921404009.
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IBM Spectrum Protect (ISP) software, one of the leader solutions in data protection, contributes to the data management infrastructure operated at CNAF, the central computing and storage facility of INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics). It is used to manage about 55 Petabytes of scientific data produced by LHC (Large Hadron Collider at CERN) and other experiments in which INFN is involved, stored on tape resources as the highest latency storage tier within HSM (Hierarchical Space Management) environment. To accomplish this task, ISP works together with IBM Spectrum Scale (formerly GPFS - General Parallel File System) and GEMSS (Grid Enabled Mass Storage System), an in-house developed software layer that manages migration and recall queues. Moreover, we perform backup/archive operation of main IT services running at CNAF, such as mail servers, configurations, repositories, documents, logs, etc. In this paper we present the current configuration of the HSM infrastructure and the backup and recovery service, with particular attention to issues related to the increasing amount of scientific data to manage, expected for the next years.
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Garattini, M., S. Dell’Agnello, D. Currie, G. O. Delle Monache, M. Tibuzzi, G. Patrizi, S. Berardi, et al. "MOONLIGHT: A NEW LUNAR LASER RANGING RETROREFLECTOR INSTRUMENT." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (December 17, 2013): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0821.
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Since 1969 Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) to the Apollo Cube Corner Reflector (CCR) arrays has supplied several significant tests of gravity: Geodetic Precession, the Strong and Weak Equivalence Principle (SEP, WEP), the Parametrized Post Newtonian (PPN) parameter , the time change of the Gravitational constant (G), 1/r<sup>2</sup> deviations and new gravitational theories beyond General Relativity (GR), like the unified braneworld theory (G. Dvali et al., 2003). Now a new generation of LLR can do better using evolved laser retroreflectors, developed from tight collaboration between my institution, INFN–LNF (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati), and Douglas Currie (University of Maryland, USA), one of the fathers of LLR. The new lunar CCR is developing and characterizing at the “Satellite/Lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility” (SCF), in Frascati, performing our new industry standard space test procedure, the “SCF-Test”; this work contains the experimental results of the SCF-Test applied to the new lunar CCR, and all the new payload developments, including the future SCF tests. The International Lunar Network (ILN) research project considers our new retroreflector as one of the possible “Core Instruments”
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Votano, Lucia. "Origin and status of the Gran Sasso INFN Laboratory." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 36 (November 20, 2014): 1430040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300407.
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The Gran Sasso National Laboratory of INFN (LNGS) is the largest underground laboratory for astroparticle physics in the world. Located in Italy between the cities of L'Aquila and Teramo, 120 km far from Rome, is a research infrastructure mainly dedicated to astroparticle and neutrino physics. It offers the most advanced underground facility in terms of dimensions, complexity and completeness of its infrastructures. LNGS is one of the four national laboratories run by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The scientific program at LNGS is mainly focused on astroparticle, particle and nuclear physics. The laboratory presently hosts many experiments as well as R&D activities, including world-leading research in the fields of solar neutrinos, accelerator neutrinos (CNGS neutrino beam from CERN to Gran Sasso), dark matter (DM), neutrinoless double beta decay (2β0ν) and nuclear cross-section of astrophysical interest. Associate sciences like earth physics, biology and fundamental physics complement the activities. The laboratory is operated as an international science facility and hosts experiments whose scientific merit is assessed by an international advisory Scientific Committee. A review of the main experiments carried out at LNGS will be given, together with the most recent and relevant scientific results achieved.
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Zweifel, Paul F. "A review of: “Problemi di Fisica del Reattore Nucleare, by G. Spiga, P. Vestrucci and A. Magnavacca, (Pitagora Editrice, Bologna, 1985)”." Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 17, no. 4 (January 1988): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00411458808230875.
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Lazzaroni, Massimo, Mauro Citterio, Stefano Latorre, Agostino Lanza, Paolo Cova, Nicola Delmonte, and Francesco Giuliani. "Thermal modeling and characterization for designing reliable power converters for LHC power supplies." ACTA IMEKO 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v3i4.147.
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<p>Power supplies for LHC experiments (ATLAS) require DC-DC power converters able to work in very hostile environments. The APOLLO collaboration, funded by the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), aims to study dedicated topologies and to design, build and test demonstrators, developing the needed technology for the industrialization phase.</p><p>Besides the presence of radiation and magnetic fields, thermal specifications are particularly stringent in the working environment. In order to have the wanted features in terms of reliability and availability during the experimental activity, these power electronics circuits must be cooled by specifically designed water heat sinks, and an accurate thermal design is mandatory in order to guarantee safe and reliable operation. Moreover, an optimized thermal design allows to have a maintenance strategy in compliance with the requirements of the experiments.</p><p>In this paper thermal characterization is used for tuning a coupled thermo-fluid-dynamic 3D numerical model, for both the water heat sink and the whole system. Based on this model an optimized water heat sink was designed and fabricated. Thermal characterization of the power converter demonstrator in different operating conditions shows good agreement with simulation results.</p>
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Agostini, M., A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, et al. "Searching Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Gerda Phase II." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600406.
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An observation of neutrinoless double beta ([Formula: see text]) decay would allow to shed light onto the nature of neutrinos. Gerda (GERmanium Detector Array) aims to discover this process in a background-free search using [Formula: see text]Ge. The experiment is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. Bare, isotopically enriched, high purity germanium detectors are operated in liquid argon. Gerda follows a staged approach. In Phase II 35.6 kg of enriched germanium detectors are operated since December 2015. The application of active background rejection methods, such as a liquid argon scintillation light read-out and pulse shape discrimination of germanium detector signals, allows to reduce the background index to the intended level of [Formula: see text] cts/(keV⋅kg⋅yr). No evidence for the [Formula: see text] decay has been found in 23.2 kg⋅yr of Phase II data, and together with data from Phase I the up-to-date most stringent half-life limit for this process in [Formula: see text]Ge has been established, at a median sensitivity of 5.8⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr the 90[Formula: see text]% C.L. lower limit is 8.0⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr.
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Pathoni, Haerul, Jufrida Jufrida, Ika Saputri, and Wulan Sari. "PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP E-MODUL PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH FISIKA ATOM DAN INTI." JURNAL EKSAKTA PENDIDIKAN (JEP) 1, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jep/vol1-iss1/35.
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Based on observations in atomic physics and nuclear learning, there are some problems see during two semester of the course such as less using of instructional materials and instructional media in the process of learning. In addition, content of book used are books published in the 1990s years and never have been updated. The quantity of books of atomic physics and nuclear in the library is still very little. Therefore developed electronic modul (E-modul). This research used descriptif research. E-module is made using 3D software pageflip professional. E-Module has been validated by experts for media and content of e-module. The result was perception of students on average 83.5% on core structure module and 89 % on radioactivity module with very good category.
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Aldinucci, Marco, Stefano Bagnasco, Matteo Concas, Stefano Lusso, Sergio Rabellino, Danilo Demarchi, and Sara Vallero. "Managing a heterogeneous scientific computing cluster with cloud-like tools: ideas and experience." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 07030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921407030.
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Obtaining CPU cycles on an HPC cluster is nowadays relatively simple and sometimes even cheap for academic institutions. However, in most of the cases providers of HPC services would not allow changes on the configuration, implementation of special features or a lower-level control on the computing infrastructure, for example for testing experimental configurations. The variety of use cases proposed by several departments of the University of Torino, including ones from solid-state chemistry, computational biology, genomics and many others, called for different and sometimes conflicting configurations; furthermore, several R&D activities in the field of scientific computing, with topics ranging from GPU acceleration to Cloud Computing technologies, needed a platform to be carried out on. The Open Computing Cluster for Advanced data Manipulation (OCCAM) is a multi-purpose flexible HPC cluster designed and operated by a collaboration between the University of Torino and the Torino branch of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. It is aimed at providing a flexible and reconfigurable infrastructure to cater to a wide range of different scientific computing needs, as well as a platform for R&D activities on computational technologies themselves. We describe some of the use cases that prompted the design and construction of the system, its architecture and a first characterisation of its performance by some synthetic benchmark tools and a few realistic use-case tests.
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Hemmer, S., C. Aramo, E. Bissaldi, V. Bocci, B. Bottino, L. Caccianiga, S. Canella, et al. "OCRA – an outreach program on cosmic rays for teachers and students." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2429, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2429/1/012042.
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Abstract The Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities (OCRA) project was created in 2018 within the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) to offer a platform for all outreach activities focusing on cosmic rays within the institute. OCRA now counts 22 of the institute’s divisions all over Italy as members. The project offers activities both for students and teachers. The one activity common to all local groups is the participation in the yearly International Cosmic Day, organized by DESY, inviting high school students to carry out hands-on measurements of the cosmic ray flux and learn about the related physics background. Two students from each division are then selected to participate in the annual OCRA science camp, a three-day full immersion into the life of a physicist. For both teachers and students, the OCRA website https://web.infn.it/OCRA/, offers a series of online laboratories designed both to be used by students individually but also to be offered in the classroom by teachers. A section dedicated to teachers provides ample material to help bring these laboratories to the classroom. The online materials were presented in a course for teachers in spring 2021. In addition to the national efforts, there are also local initiatives of the OCRA member groups: workshops and secondments, science competitions and the development of new detectors for outreach activities offer a multitude of possibilities for students to engage with our researchers and to explore the world of cosmic rays. This article provides an overview on all activities offered by OCRA with a particular focus on the 2022 science camp.
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MALTESE, GIULIO. "SIMONE TURCHETTI, Il caso Pontecorvo. Fisica nucleare, politica e servizi di sicurezza nella guerra fredda. Sironi: Milano, 2007. 285 pp., ISBN 978-88-518-0081-9." Nuncius 23, no. 1 (2008): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539108x00508.
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MINIATI, MARA. "MILLA BALDO CEOLIN (ed.), Galileo scientist. His Years at Padua and Venice, s.l., Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Dipartimento di Fisica «Galileo Galilei» dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, [1993], 140 pp., fig." Nuncius 9, no. 1 (1994): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539184x00793.
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Drago, A., E. Pace, S. Bini, M. Cestelli Guidi, F. Cioeta, A. Marcelli, and V. Bocci. "Fast transient infrared detection for time-domain astronomy." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): C02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/c02012.
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Abstract Multi-messenger astronomy requires the use and development of telescopes and detectors for temporal observations across all the electromagnetic spectrum. The interest of our team is towards time-domain (or longitudinal, in the jargon of storage ring diagnostics) detectors able to make observations over the time rather than transversely by making photographs or spectrographs. The FAIRTEL (Fast InfraRed TELescope) experiment wants to build a very fast detector in the Mid InfraRed (MIR) to be used in time-domain astronomy. The experiment is oriented mainly toward the search of fast astronomical transients in the Galaxy, similarly to what has been observed in different electromagnetic ranges with the discovery of the FRBs (Fast Radio Burst) and the GRBs (Gamma-Ray Burst). In the last years, time-domain astronomy is growing in interest and intends to study events on time scales that can go from hundreds of milliseconds to microseconds and even shorter. The detector proposed by the FAIRTEL experiment, is based on HgCdTe semiconductors and on the experience done in the diagnostics for storage ring developed at DAFNE, the Italian e+/e− circular collider. The detection system design is in progress at the LNF (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati) of INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) while the telescope will be a standard reflecting type, like a Newtonian, a Cassegrain or a Ritchey–Chrétien telescope. The detection apparatus is under test at the IR synchrotron beamline SINBAD at DAFNE and it is foreseen to be implemented at the OPC (Osservatorio Polifunzionale del Chianti). It should be able to observe events with transients down to the nanosecond. A further development of the project involves the extension from ground-based observations to those by using balloons for scientific studies.
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Re, Mauro, L. Celona, F. Chines, G. Cuttone, D. Garufi, G. Messina, D. Rifuggiato, and D. Rizzo. "Diffusion Process of 8Li for Radioactive Beam Production." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.200.
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By bombarding a target with stable ion beams it is possible to produce nuclear radioactive species. The EXCYT facility at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS), in Catania, is based on a K-800 superconducting cyclotron injecting high intensity beam (up to 500 W) in a Target Ion Source (TIS) assembly, and on a 15 MV Tandem for post-accelerating the Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB). Radioactive species are produced in a solid porous target where, by diffusion, they will reach the target surface. After effusion through the target container, radioactive atoms are ionized, extracted at low energy, and changed in charge (if needed). Two stages of isobaric mass separators will clean the resulting radioactive beam from contaminants, thus the RIB is injected into the Tandem for the post-acceleration. TIS is operating at high temperature (up to 2700 K) under vacuum (10-4 mbar). The production of 8Li radioactive beam was performed by injecting a 13C4+ primary beam of 45 MeV/u on a porous graphite target. In this work we present a study to optimize the target geometry in order to increase the production of the RIB. Our first RIB was 8Li which mean life time is 1.212 s. The generation density of 8Li inside the solid target is calculated by EPAX II code. A simple diffusion model which takes into account either the nuclei generation and their decay, was computer simulated to estimate the efficacious diffusion coefficient of 8Li in porous graphite which resulted to be in the range of 10-6 - 10-5 cm2/s. Since the porous nature of the target, many diffusion mechanisms are active, our assumption, supported by experimental evidence, is that at such high temperature multi-grain diffusion prevails. Diffusion length inside the target of 8Li, before its decay, resulted to be sensible smaller than the target size, therefore we modified its geometry enhancing the RIB production by a factor of 3-4.
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Kim, Juyoul, Ahmed Abd El-Hameed, Reuben Joseph Soja, Hilali Hussein Ramadhan, Mercy Nandutu, and Joung Hyuk Hyun. "Estimation of the Levelized Cost of Nuclear Hydrogen Production from Light Water Reactors in the United States." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081620.
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In June 2021, the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) hosted the first-ever Hydrogen Shot Summit, which lasted for two days. More than 3000 stockholders around the world were convened at the summit to discuss how low-cost clean hydrogen production would be a huge step towards solving climate change. Hydrogen is a dynamic fuel that can be used across all industrial sectors to lower the carbon intensity. By 2030, the summit hopes to have developed a means to reduce the current cost of clean hydrogen by 80%; i.e., to USD 1 per kilogram. Because of the importance of clean hydrogen towards carbon neutrality, the overall DOE budget for Fiscal Year 2021 is USD 35.4 billion and the total budget for DOE hydrogen activities in Fiscal Year 2021 is USD 285 million, representing 0.81% of the total DOE budget for 2021. The DOE hydrogen budget of 2021 is estimated to increase to USD 400 million in Fiscal Year 2022. The global hydrogen market is growing, and the US is playing an active role in ensuring its growth. Depending on the electricity source used, the electrolysis of hydrogen can have no greenhouse gas emissions. When assessing the advantages and economic viability of hydrogen production by electrolysis, it is important to take into account the source of the necessary electricity as well as emissions resulting from electricity generation. In this study, to evaluate the levelized cost of nuclear hydrogen production, the International Atomic Energy Agency Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Program is used to model four types of LWRs: Exelon’s Nine Mile Point Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in New York; Palo Verde NPP in Arizona; Davis-Besse NPP in Ohio; and Prairie Island NPP in Minnesota. Each of these LWRs has a different method of hydrogen production. The results show that the total cost of hydrogen production for Exelon’s Nine Mile Point NPP, Palo Verde NPP, Davis-Besse NPP, and Prairie Island NPP was 4.85 ± 0.66, 4.77 ± 1.36, 3.09 ± 1.19, and 0.69 ± 0.03 USD/kg, respectively. These findings show that, among the nuclear reactors, the cost of nuclear hydrogen production using Exelon’s Nine Mile Point NPP reactor is the highest, whereas the cost of nuclear hydrogen production using the Prairie Island NPP reactor is the lowest.
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Bigongiari, Gabriele, Oscar Adriani, Sebastiano Albergo, Giovanni Ambrosi, Lucrezia Auditore, Andrea Basti, Eugenio Berti, et al. "A New Approach to Calorimetry in Space-Based Experiments for High-Energy Cosmic Rays." Universe 5, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5030072.
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Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for γ -ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.
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MALTESE, GIULIO. "SIMONE TURCHETTI, Il caso Pontecorvo. Fisica nucleare, politica e servizi di sicurezza nella guerra fredda. Sironi: Milano, 2007. 285 pp., ISBN 978-88-518-0081-9." Nuncius 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058708x00502.
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Renzetti, P., R. C. Parodi, C. Ottonello, F. Zandrino, M. Cossu, M. P. Sormani, and F. Sardanelli. "La gadodiamide come mezzo di contrasto in tomografia computerizzata cranio-encefalica." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, no. 6 (December 2002): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500606.
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L'elevato peso atomico del Gd giustifica l'ipotesi di un utilizzo in tomografia computerizzata (TC) di mezzi di contrasto (MdC) già clinicamente in uso in risonanza magnetica (RM). Il potenziamento TC determinato dalla Gadodiamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA, Omniscan, Nycomed-Amersham), MdC paramagnetico non ionico, è stato valutato e quantificato in vitro e in vivo. Due serie di soluzioni scalari di Gadodiamide e di MdC iodato (Iopamiro 370, Bracco) sono state sottoposte a scansione TC per la quantificazione densitometrica in unità Hounsfield (UH). Sette pazienti affetti da neoplasia intracranica sono stati sottoposti a TC prima e dopo somministrazione endovenosa di 0,3 mmol/Kg di Gadodiamide; sono stati rilevati i valori medi di densità pre- e postcontrasto a livello dell'arteria basilare e della massa tumorale. Nello studio in vitro, a parità di concentrazione molare del MdC, è risultata maggiore la densità media della soluzione di gadodiamide rispetto al MdC iodato, superiorità statisticamente significativa (test F, p < 0,0001), a conferma del fatto che il Gd ha caratteristiche fisiche che lo rendono utilizzabile in MdC per TC. Nello studio in vivo, la gadodiamide ha determinato incrementi densitometrici medi (postcontrasto /precontrasto) del 71,05% per l'arteria basilare e del 45,23% per la lesione tumorale, consentendo una sufficiente apprezzabilità soggettiva dell'enhancement. La Gadodiamide può essere utilizzata come MdC in TC in pazienti con dubbia o asserita diatesi allergica per i MdC iodati allorquando non sia praticamente disponibile la RM (urgenze!) o sussistano importanti controindicazioni (pacemaker, ecc.). L'osmolarità medio-bassa (780 mOsm/Kg) e il profilo tossi-cologico favorevole della Gadodiamide permettono di ipotizzare l'utilizzo di dosi anche più elevate. Tali risultati preliminari rafforzano l'ipotesi della messa a punto di MdC per TC a base di Gd; più atomi di Gd potrebbero ad esempio essere contenuti all'interno della molecola con il duplice effetto di ridurre la tossicità ed elevare il peso atomico del MdC. Gadolinium (Gd) high atomic weight can enable us to use the Gd-chelates as contrast agents (c.a.) in computed tomography (CT). CT contrast enhancement (c.e.) due to Gadodiamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA, Omniscan, Nycomed-Amersham), a non-ionic paramagnetic c.a. used in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, was evaluated and quantified through an in vitro and in vivo study.
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Jolly, Mariette, Spyridon Voikopoulos, Emily Lamour, Alain Méry, Angela Bräuning-Demian, Jean-Yves Chesnel, Alexandre Gumberidze, et al. "Performance of a keV/u Ion Spectrometer for the FISIC Platform." Atoms 10, no. 4 (December 3, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10040146.
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The design and performances of a newly built electrostatic charge state analyzer constructed to act as a spectrometer for keV/u ions are reported. It consists of two 90∘ curved electrodes enclosed by Matsuda electrodes. This setup was recently tested using Ar9+ and Ar12+ ion beams at an energy of 10 keV per charge unit. This spectrometer achieves a good separation of different charge states formed by electron capture processes during collisions between primary ions and the residual gas. Thanks to these first tests, we have identified up to three different background contributions on the detector that need to be reduced or suppressed.
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MASFARATNA, MASFARATNA. "PHET SIMULATION MEDIA HUKUM PERGESERAN WIEN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA." LEARNING : Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 2, no. 4 (January 3, 2023): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51878/learning.v2i4.1815.
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Quantum physics is the science that deals with objects so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Quantum physics studies the behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear and microscopic levels. Therefore, relevant media are needed to convey material about atomic half-lives in the independent curriculum through a scientific approach. This study used the classroom action research (PTK) method which was carried out in class XII IPA2, used in order to solve learning problems in the classroom. The subjects of this study were 27 students of class XII IPA at MAN 1 Bungo Plus Skills for the 2021/2022 academic year. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, tests, and documentation. The results showed that based on the results of data analysis in each cycle, it was seen that the results from cycle I to cycle II experienced a significant increase. In the implementation of learning and the results of data analysis in cycle I, for student learning outcomes an average value of 72.25 was obtained and student activity in cycle II obtained an average class value of 80.12. The percentage of completeness increased from 58.26% in cycle I to 86.25% in cycle II. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the application of the inquiry learning model assisted by Phet simulation media can improve student learning outcomes on the subject of Wien's shift law at MAN 1 Bungo Plus Skills. This increase can be seen from the acquisition of student activity scores, and class average scores and the level of classical completeness in each cycle has increased in both cycle I and cycle II. ABSTRAKFisika kuantum adalah ilmu yang berurusan dengan benda-benda yang sangat kecil sehingga tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Fisika kuantum mempelajari perilaku materi dan energi pada tingkat molekuler, atom, nuklir, dan mikroskopis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan media yang relevan untuk menyampaikan materi tentang waktu paruh atom dalam kurikulum merdeka melalui pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan di kelas XII IPA2, digunakan dalam rangka memecahkan masalah pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA di MAN 1 Bungo Plus Keterampilan tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 27 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada tiap siklus, terlihat bahwa hasil dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil analisis data siklus I, untuk hasil belajar siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 72,25 dan aktivitas siswa pada siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 80,12. Untuk persentase ketuntasan mengalami peningkatan dari 58,26% pada siklus I menjadi 86,25% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan model Pembelajaran inkuiri berbantuan media simulasi Phet dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi hukum pergeseran wien di MAN 1 Bungo Plus Keterampilan. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari perolehan nilai skor aktivitas siswa, dan nilai rata-rata kelas serta tingkat ketuntasan secara klasikal pada tiap siklus mengalami peningkatan baik pada siklus I maupun siklus II.
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MASFARATNA, MASFARATNA. "PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PHET SIMULATION UNTUK MENENTUKAN WAKTU PARUH SUATU ATOM." SCIENCE : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA 2, no. 3 (September 12, 2022): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51878/science.v2i3.1481.
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Physics quantum is a science that discusses object with very size _ small and not could seen with invisible . Physics quantum study that studies about behavior Theory as well as the energy that exists at the level molecular , atomic , nuclear as well as level microscopic . So that Relevant media is needed for teach Theory process decay Radioactive to participant educate in accordance with curriculum independent with approach scientific . Wrong one medium that is relevant to with Theory this that is Phet Simulation . Destination study this is for determine the relationship of the original nucleus and the number of remaining nuclei in the process decay so that could determined level decay in isotopes 14 C to 14 N and the isotope 238 U becomes 238 Pb at time 1st half , time 2nd half and time 3rd half . As well as for knowing level accuracy experiments carried out with use PhET virtual laboratory Simulation . As for method used _ in study this is method experiment that is with To do practice with sub menu “ Level Decay ". Results study show that percentage level decay 14 C to 14 N at time 1st half of the trial 49.2% and 50.0% calculated , at time the second half of the experiment 74.5% calculation 75.0% and at the time the third half of the trial 87.1% by calculation 87.5%. Percentage decay isotope 238 U becomes 238 Pb at time 1st half of the trial 49.5% and 50.0% calculated , at time the second half of the experiment 75.0% calculation 75.0% and at the time the third half of the experiment 87.4% calculated 87.5%. The biggest standard error is only 0.8 things this show the data obtained from results experiments that have been conducted in accordance with results calculation 75.0% calculation and on time 3rd half of trial 87.1% calculatingly 87.5% ABSTRAKFisika kuantum merupakan sebuah ilmu yang membahas benda dengan ukuran yang sangat kecil dan tidak dapat dilihat dengan kasat mata. Fisika kuantum studi yang mempelajari mengenai prilaku materi serta energi yang ada pada tingkatan molekular, atom, nuklir serta tingkat mikroskopis dan juga ditinjau dari tingkat keamanannya. Sehingga diperlukan media yang relevan untuk mengajarkan materi proses peluruhan Radioaktif kepada peserta didik sesuai dengan kurikulum merdeka dengan pendekatan saintifik. Salah satu media yang relevan dengan dengan materi ini yaitu PhET Simulation. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan inti mula-mula dan jumlah inti sisa pada proses peluruhan sehingga dapat ditentukan tingkat peluruhan pada isotop 14C menjadi 14 N dan isotop 238U menjadi 238 Pb pada waktu paruh ke-1, waktu paruh ke-2 dan waktu paruh ke-3. Serta untuk mengetahui tingkat ketelitian percobaan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan labortorium virtual PhET Simulation. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen yakni dengan melakukan praktikum dengan sub menú “ Tingkat Peluruhan”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tingkat peluruhan 14C menjadi 14 N pada waktu paruh ke-1 percobaan 49,2 % dan 50,0% perhitungan, pada waktu paruh ke-2 percobaan 74,5 % perhitungan 75,0% dan pada waktu paruh ke-3 percobaan 87,1 % secara perhitungan 87,5 %. Persentase peluruhan isotop 238U menjadi 238 Pb pada waktu paruh ke-1 percobaan 49,5 % dan 50,0% perhitungan, pada waktu paruh ke-2 percobaan 75,0 % perhitungan 75,0% dan pada waktu paruh ke-3 percobaan 87,4 % secara perhitungan 87,5 %. Besar stándar error paling besar hanya 0,8 hal ini menunjukkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil percobaan yang telah dilakukan sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan.
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Dompè, V., D. Q. Adams, C. Alduino, K. Alfonso, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, G. Bari, et al. "Expected sensitivity to 128Te neutrinoless double beta decay with the CUORE TeO2 cryogenic bolometers." Journal of Low Temperature Physics, June 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02738-4.
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AbstractThe CUORE experiment is a ton-scale array of $$\hbox {TeO}_2$$ TeO 2 cryogenic bolometers located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), in Italy. The CUORE detector consists of 988 crystals operated as source and detector at a base temperature of $$\sim 10$$ ∼ 10 mK. Such cryogenic temperature is reached and maintained by means of a custom built cryogen-free dilution cryostat, designed with the aim of minimizing the vibrational noise and the environmental radioactivity. The primary goal of CUORE is the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ 130 Te , but thanks to its large target mass and ultra-low background it is suitable for the study of other rare processes as well, such as the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{128}\hbox {Te}$$ 128 Te . This tellurium isotope is an attractive candidate for the search of this process, due to its high natural isotopic abundance of 31.75%. The transition energy at (866.7 ± 0.7) keV lies in a highly populated region of the energy spectrum, dominated by the contribution of the two-neutrino double beta decay of $$^{130}\hbox {Te}$$ 130 Te . As the first ton-scale infrastructure operating cryogenic $$\hbox {TeO}_2$$ TeO 2 bolometers in stable conditions, CUORE is able to achieve a factor $$>10$$ > 10 higher sensitivity to the neutrinoless double beta decay of this isotope with respect to past direct experiments.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2242/1/011001.
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Abstract With the successful organizing a series of world-class conferences, and a close cooperation among the University of Messina, Italy; University of Ferrara, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Wuhan University, China, we have been making great efforts to hold the the 2022 First International Conference on Advances in Modern Physics Sciences and Engineering Technology-PSET 2022, which will be happened on March 5-6th 2022, in Beijing, China, organized by Wuhan University, China and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). 3 sessions are included in PSET22: Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Automation, Engineering Technologies and Applications. This volume comprises 47 selected papers from 72 submissions, which introduces latest advancements in the subjects of applied physics, material sciences, modelling, simulation and design, optimization techniques, and their applications in real world for solving real problems. These contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions among specialists. Our vision is to be internationally recognized as one of the Internationally-leading Platform in the world’s physics community, pursuing excellence in research, education and knowledge transfer. We are all working to achieve highly goals. We foster research opportunities that will improve tomorrow’s physics sciences and modern engineering technologies, in cooperation with people from universities and industries all over the world, especially for the young scientists and engineers. PSET appreciates the invited spkeaers from different unviersities: Prof. Dr. Osman Adiguzel, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey; Prof. Alexander G. Ramm, Mathematics Department, Kansas State University, USA; Prof. Dr. Shuifa Shen, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Prof. Dr. Bayram Gündüz, Department of Opticians, Malatya Turgut Ozal University,Turkey, who made great academic presentation for PSET participants. Meawhile, many thanks for authors who contributed their latest researches to PSET, the publishing editors and reviewers who made great effort on PSET22 conference proceedings, as well as the support from IOP Publishing and their publishing team. This volume of proceedings are beneficial for readers from both academia and industry to understand and tackle the challenges in an efficient manner and to adopt appropriate solutions in the mentioned fields above. Building on the success of previous conferences were held, we hope PSET will be one of the mostspectacular events in those areas. The Committee of PSET22 Prof. Roberto Zivieri National Institute of High Mathematics (INdAM), Rome, Italy List of titles Committees Members, General Chairs, Honorary Chairs, Co-Chairs, Editors, International Committee Members are available in this Pdf.
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Andreino Simonelli, Jacopo Belfi, Nicolò Beverini, Giorgio Carelli, Angela Di Virgilio, Enrico Maccioni, Gaetano De Luca, and Gilberto Saccorotti. "First deep underground observation of rotational signals from an earthquake at teleseismic distance using a large ring laser gyroscope." Annals of Geophysics 59 (April 4, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-6970.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Recent advances in large ring laser gyroscopes (RLG) technologies opened the possibility to observe rotations of the ground with sensitivities up to 10−11 rad/sec over the frequency band of seismological interest (0.01-1Hz), thus opening the way to a new geophysical discipline, i.e. rotational seismology. A measure of rotations in seismology is of fundamental interest for (a) the determination of all the six degrees of freedom that characterize a rigid body’s motion, and (b) the quantitative estimate of the rotational motions contaminating ground translation measurements obtained from standard seismometers. Within this framework, this paper presents and describes GINGERino, a new large observatory-class RLG located in Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), one national laboratories of the INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare). We also report unprecedented observations and analyses of the roto-translational signals from a tele-seismic event observed in such a deep underground environment. </span></p></div></div></div>
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Miliucci, Marco, Massimiliano Bazzi, Damir Bosnar, Mario Bragadireanu, Marco Carminati, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, et al. "High precision Kaonic Deuterium measurement at the DAΦNE collider: the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment and the SIDDHARTINO run." Suplemento de la Revista Mexicana de Física 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/suplrevmexfis.3.0308081.
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The kaonic deuterium 2p→1s transition X-ray measurement, a fundamental information needed for a deeper understanding of the Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD) in the strangeness sector, is still missing. The SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration is now ready to achieve this unprecedented result thanks to the dedicated experimental apparatus that will allow to obtain the values of the kaonic deuterium K-transitions with a precision comparable to the most precise kaonic hydrogen measurement to-date performed by SIDDHARTA in 2009. Both the kaonic hydrogen and kaonic deuterium X-ray spectroscopy measurements of the de-excitation towards the fundamental level are a direct probe on KN interaction at threshold, as opposed to the scattering experiments which need an extrapolation to zero energy. Combining these results through the Deser-Truemann like formula, the isospin-dependent kaon-nucleon scattering lengths can be obtained in a model-independent way. The SIDDHARTA-2 setup is presently installed at the DAΦNE (Double Annular Φ Factory for Nice Experiments) collider of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati and it is ready to perform the challening kaonic deuterium measurement. Thispaper provides an overview on the SIDDHARTA-2 experimental apparatus and a preliminary result of the kaonic helium run, preparatory for the SIDDHARTA-2 data taking campaign, is also presented.
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Fattori, Serena, Giada Petringa, Stefano Agosteo, Davide Bortot, Valeria Conte, Giacomo Cuttone, Andrea Di Fini, et al. "4He dose- and track-averaged linear energy transfer: Monte Carlo algorithms and experimental verification." Physics in Medicine & Biology, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac776f.
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Abstract Objective In the present hadrontherapy scenario, there is a growing interest in exploring the capabilities of different ion species other than protons and carbons. The possibility of using different ions paves the way for new radiotherapy approaches, such as the multi-ions treatment, where radiation could vary according to target volume, shape, depth and histologic characteristics of the tumor. For these reasons, in this paper, the study and understanding of biological-relevant quantities was extended for the case of 4He ion. Approach Geant4 Monte Carlo based algorithms for dose- and track-averaged LET (Linear Energy Transfer) calculations, were validated for 4He ions and for the case of a mixed field characterised by the presence of secondary ions from both target and projectile fragmentation. The simulated dose and track averaged LETs were compared with the corresponding dose and frequency mean values of the lineal energy, yD and yF , derived from experimental microdosimetric spectra. Two microdosimetric experimental campaigns were carried out at the Italian eye proton therapy facility of the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN-LNS, Catania, I) using two different microdosimeters: the MicroPlus probe and the nano-TEPC (Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter). Main results A good agreement of L Total d and L Total t with yD and yT experimentally measured with both microdosimetric detectors MicroPlus and nano-TEPC in two configurations: full energy and modulated 4He ion beam, was found. Significance The results of this study certify the use of a very effective tool for the precise calculation of LET, given by a Monte Carlo approach which has the advantage of allowing detailed simulation and tracking of nuclear interactions, even in complex clinical scenarios.
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Sturrock, P. A. "Neutrino-Flux Variability, Nuclear-Decay Variability, and Their Apparent Relationship." Space Science Reviews 218, no. 4 (April 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00878-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAnalysis of Homestake, Gallex and GNO measurements reveals evidence of variability of presumed solar-neutrino-flux measurements. Analysis of Super-Kamiokande neutrino records over the interval May 1996 to July 2001 reveals oscillations at 9.43 year−1 and 12.6 year−1, both well within a range of frequencies (6–16 year−1) that, according to helioseismology, could be related to internal solar rotation.Analysis of the results of a nuclear-decay experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory over the time interval 1982–1986 reveals a strong annual oscillation and also strong oscillations at 11.2 and 13.2 year−1, both of which would, according to helioseismology, be compatible with influences of internal solar rotation. Similar oscillations are found in an extensive series of nuclear-decay measurements conducted by Alexander Parkhomov of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. By contrast, as noted by Stefan Pomme of the European Commission Joint Research Centre and his colleagues, nuclear-decay measurements acquired at standards laboratories tend not to exhibit evidence of variability.The most extensive series of nuclear-decay measurements comes from an experiment initiated by the late Gideon Steinitz at the Geological Survey of Israel. This experiment, which was in operation from January 2007 to November 2016, recorded 340,000 lines of radon-related measurements from three gamma detectors and three environmental detectors (temperature, pressure, and line voltage). Analysis of a subset of 85,000 lines of hourly gamma measurements reveals overwhelmingly strong evidence of diurnal, annual and semi-annual oscillations and a number of oscillations with frequencies compatible with influences of internal solar rotation. There is no correlation between the gamma measurements and the environmental measurements.The rotational modulations may be attributed to an influence of the solar internal magnetic field by the RSFP (Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession) process. The detection of several pairs of oscillations separated by precisely 1 year−1 may be attributed to misalignments of internal rotation axes with respect to the normal to the ecliptic. A triplet of oscillations (at effectively 7.43, 8.43 and 9.43 year−1) may be attributed to an internal region (presumably the core) that has a sidereal rotation rate of 8.43 year−1 and a rotation axis approximately orthogonal to that of the solar photosphere. These results suggest that the Sun had its origin in more than one stage of condensation of interplanetary material (one on top of another), which would presumably lead to layers of the solar interior that have different metallicities, as well as different rotation rates and axes.It is remarkable that the oscillation at 9.43 year−1 occurs in both Superkamiokande and GSI data with the same amplitude and the same phase.Analysis of GSI data, together with a review of experiments conducted by Enrico Bellotti and his collaborators of the Instituto Nazionali di Fisica Nucleare, suggests that neutrinos do not influence decay rates, but do influence – presumably by a collective process - the direction of emission of decay products. This can help explain why the GSI experiment – for which decay products travel through air – gives evidence of strong modulation, whereas experiments at standards laboratories – for which decay products typically travel through comparatively dense media – do not.The peak modulation occurs near local midnight in early June, suggestive of a role of cosmic neutrinos. These neutrinos could provide the mass attributed to dark matter for a neutrino mass of order 0.1 eV.