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Journal articles on the topic 'Fisheries functional zones'
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1
Mikhaylova, A., D. Maksimenko, D. Hvaley, M. Maksimenko, and A. Mikhaylov. "Geoinformation representation of maritime knowledge flows: new frontiers of coastalization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1087, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1087/1/012038.
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Abstract Marine and coastal economies are the drivers of growth for many nations around the world. Close proximity to the sea generates positive externalities being especially strong in coastal areas, whose effective governance is a challenge. The greatest challenge to date is ambiguity in delimitation of a coastal zone, as static criteria based on density of population and industry, are limited in our understanding of the functional connectivity of the sea and land. This article studies functional boundaries of a coastal zone by focusing on the geoinformation analysis of marine-related R&D. We hypothesize that maritime knowledge flows between the customers and contractors of R&D projects can outline the actual configuration of coastal zone in its knowledge production domain. The research data is sourced from ROSRID database of 2017-2019, covering 1,773 marine-related R&D projects funded or executed by entities located across 119 municipalities of 64 regions in Russia. The results of the study showed that maritime knowledge flows are not limited to coastal municipalities or even coastal regions. Some research areas, such as Fisheries, aquaculture and marine life studies, are more localized in coastal zones than others, although featuring an overall strong interconnectedness between inland and coastal territories. Functional delimitation of coastal zone management areas using dynamic data on spatial networks can enhance the effectiveness of coastal zone management.
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Floyd, Matthew, Masaru Mizuyama, Masami Obuchi, Brigitte Sommer, Mark GR Miller, Iori Kawamura, Hiroki Kise, James D. Reimer, and Maria Beger. "Functional diversity of reef molluscs along a tropical-to-temperate gradient." Coral Reefs 39, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 1361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01970-2.
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Abstract Global warming is leading to range shifts of marine species, threatening the structure and functioning of ecological communities and human populations that rely on them. The largest changes are seen in biogeographic transition zones, such as subtropical reef communities, where species range shifts are already causing substantial community reorganisation. This causes functional changes in communities over subtropical latitudes, though a baseline functional understanding remains elusive for many taxa. One key marine taxon are molluscs, which provide many ecosystem services, are important prey for fishes and are also fisheries targets themselves, but remain largely unstudied. Here, we examine the trait composition, functional diversity, and functional redundancy of mollusc assemblages along the tropical-to-temperate transition in Japan (25° to 35° Northern latitude). Specifically, we use a trait database of 88 mollusc species from 31 subtropical reefs along the Pacific coast of Japan to show that trait composition of mollusc assemblages changes continuously along the latitudinal gradient. We discover that functional diversity of mollusc assemblages decreases with increasing latitude, a pattern associated with declines in functional dispersion. Moreover, we find a clear distinction between tropical and subtropical mollusc assemblages, with substrate-attached, suspension feeding bivalves more abundant in the tropics and free-living gastropod grazers more prevalent at higher latitudes. Our trait-based evidence in this study shows a contraction and almost complete shift in the functioning of marine mollusc assemblages at biogeographic transition zones and our trait database facilitates further study. Our findings provide evidence of the changing taxonomic and functional composition of extant mollusc communities with latitude, pointing to potential pertinent changes and tropicalisation of these communities with rapid ocean warming.
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Mendoza-Carranza, Manuel, Diego Santiago-Alarcón, Juan Carlos Pérez-Jiménez, and Chrystian Carolina Hernández-Lazo. "Eyeless morphotype in the southern stingray (Dasyatis americana): a non-lethal and frequent abnormality from the southern Gulf of Mexico." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 44, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol44-issue3-fulltext-4.
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Elasmobranchs are active predators that depend on a highly developed visual system. The eyes of the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana, are adapted to a changing light environment in coastal zones. In this study we use morphological characters and molecular methods (mtDNA COI) to describe an eyeless morphotype of D. americana from six individuals collected from commercial small-scale fisheries on the Campeche Bank (southern Gulf of Mexico). Additionally to the eyeless characteristic, both regular (presence of eye) and eyeless (absence of eye) morphotypes have contrasting quantitative values and qualitative features for different phenotypic traits (color, teeth number, pelvic fin and spiracle form). Mature female and male eyeless morphotype had functional internal reproductive structures. Using the bar code gene, we found conclusive evidence that the eyeless morphotype belongs to the species D. americana. This is the first report on reproductively functional eyeless individuals of this species or close relatives elsewhere, which live sympatrically with regular D. americana individuals in the southern Gulf of Mexico
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van Niekerk, Lara, Stephen J. Lamberth, Nicola C. James, Susan Taljaard, Janine B. Adams, Andre K. Theron, and Marjolaine Krug. "The Vulnerability of South African Estuaries to Climate Change: A Review and Synthesis." Diversity 14, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090697.
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This review evaluates the vulnerability of South African estuaries to Climate Change in a data-limited environment. The regional-scale assessment is based on physical characteristics and predicted/measured changes in the abiotic drivers and ecosystem responses. The major Climate Change stressors were identified in order of importance as change in climatic and hydrological processes, ocean circulation and temperature regimes, sea level rise, increase in frequency and intensity of sea storms, and ocean acidification. Flow-related ecosystem responses included changes in mouth state, salinity regimes, biochemical regimes (nutrient fluxes), and floods and related sediment deposition/erosion cycles. The regional vulnerability assessment provides a summary of the key shifts scaled as high, medium, and low in estuary state. Changes in oceanic processes and temperature regimes drive shifts in nearshore temperatures of the transitional zones, with related ecological responses (e.g., range expansion). However, most structural and functional changes are expected along cool temperate and subtropical biogeographical regions, leading to notable shifts in mouth closures and salinity regimes, which in turn will affect estuary function and estuary-associated species. Monitoring and management of resources (e.g., fresh water and fisheries allocations) need to consider this in long-term planning.
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Price, Andrew R. G. "The Marine Food Chain in Relation to Biodiversity." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.85.
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Biodiversity provides “raw materials” for the food chain and seafood production, and also influences the capacity of ecosystems to perform these and other services. Harvested marine seafood species now exceed 100 million t y -1 and provide about 6% of all protein and 17% of animal protein consumed by humans. These resources include representatives from about nine biologically diverse groups of plants and animals. Fish account for most of the world’s marine catches, of which only 40 species are taken in abundance. Highest primary productivity and the richest fisheries are found within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). This narrow strip (200 nautical mile/370 km wide) is not only the site of coastal “food factories” but also the area associated with heaviest perturbation to the marine environment. Structural redundancy is evident in marine ecosystems, in that many species are interchangeable in the way they characterise assemblage composition. While there is probably functional redundancy within groups, the effects of species loss on ecosystem performance cannot be easily predicted. In particular, the degree to which biodiversity per se is needed for ecosystem services, including seafood/fishery production, is poorly understood. Many human activities, including unsustainable fishing and mariculture, lead to erosion of marine biodiversity. This can undermine the biophysical cornerstones of fisheries and have other undesirable environmental side effects. Of direct concern are “species effects”, in particular the removal of target and non-target fishery species, as well as conservationally important fauna. Equally disrupting but less immediate are “ecosystem effects”, such as fishing down the food web, following a shift from harvested species of high to low trophic level. Physical and biological disturbances from trawl nets and dynamite fishing on coral reefs can also severely impact ecosystem structure and function. “Broadscale” biological and social effects brought about by fishing carry even more far-reaching consequences. For example, fishing itself can change the age at which sexual maturity is reached, thus affecting the reproductive status of the stock. Hence, fishing may be regarded as a mediator of evolution. Social impacts include conflicts over fish prices and policies arising from heavy fishing and inadequate institutional structures. Measures to increase the sustainability of catches and of biodiversity need to be much more tightly coupled. Promising approaches include use of bio-economic indicators and fully protected marine areas. High- and local-level governance options are also examined. Use of expert systems incorporating “fuzzy logic” are providing useful environmental insights in the ASEAN countries and other parts of the world, and have applications in fishery management and biodiversity conservation.
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Lisienko, Svetlana Vladimirovna, and K. Gribova. "FISHING AREA AS BASIC OBJECT OF SYSTEM RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING MODERN APPROACH TO ORGANIZATION, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS (CASE STUDY OF EAST KAMCHATKA ZONE OF FAR EASTERN FISHERIES BASIN)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-3-27-39.
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The article underlines the need to pass from the traditional methods of organization, planning and control over the processes and systems of industrial fishing to the innovative methods based on new qualitative level of development of the theory of industrial fishing, which is stipulated by the problems of scientific rationale, description and forecasting the prospects and results of development of the fisheries industry at the present stage. The modern approach to organization, planning and management of fishing activities involves taking into account the multicomponent composition of factors forming the fishing systems and defining basic object of study –
a fishing zone of the fishery basin. In the result of studying the Eastern-Kamchatka zone of the Far Eastern fishery basin it has been established that in the course of conducting fishing activities biological, technical and technological components interact in a complex manner including resource potential, production units (fishing fleet), and fishing technologies; the strong links between them and their properties determining the integrative qualities of the total commercial zone have been noted. The established system regularities in functioning of multi-species fishing system Fishery allowed to design its structural model and to determine a sequence of functional stages.
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Rudyk-Leuska, N. Ja, І. Yu Buzevych, M. V. Leusky, G. O. Kotovska, and D. S. Khrystenko. "СТРУКТУРНI ПОКАЗНИКИ ПОПУЛЯЦІЇ КАРАСЯ СРІБЛЯСТОГО (CARASSIUS GIBELIO B.) КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 82, no. 3 (November 23, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.22.3.7.
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Ukraine ranks first in Europe in the number of natural water bodies. These abundant water resources are the source of significant fish resources, which are effectively exploited by the fishing industry. Rationalization and equal distribution of the commercial load, the reduction of the commercial pressure on the main fish species has always been an urgent issue. This can be achieved by shifting the focus of fishing to other types of fish, which will allow rational use of the entire complex of commercial species. The Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) is among such promising objects of fishing - a massive, small-particle species, which in certain water bodies of Ukraine has displaced other minor commercial fish species and formed stable numerical populations.
A decisive role in the age structure formation of the Prussian carp population was played by the increase in the specific number of middle and older age groups, which is associated with an insufficient level of commercial load. Thus, the variation series of this species in the commercial catches of 2021, unlike other species, had the form of a double-peaked curve, which was formed due to the loss of size classes of 25-28 cm. According to the Fishing Rules and the Regime of Fishery Operation of the Dnipro Reservoirs in force today, nets with a step are allowed hole a=38-49 mm and 70 mm and more. This distribution of commercial load selectivity reduces pressure on bream and bream populations. However, it also causes a significant increase in the stock of Prussian carp. And this alien species has formed abundant populations in the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Thus, its average annual catch in the period 2000-2020 increased from 44.6 to 462.4 tons or 10 times in 20 years.
We should note that Prussian carp occupied an insignificant segment of the catch - no more than 0.1% by weight in the traditional commercial set of gill nets (a=75-90 mm) at the Kremenchuk Reservoir, while, in the 50-60 mm mesh size nets this species is dominant with a share in catches of up to 60% by weight. Thus, the main indicators that characterize the fisheries and environmental protection components of gill net fishing are a mesh size that deals with part of the main target fishing objects, size and weight indices, and bycatch of immature commercially valuable species. The gill nets with 50-60 mm generally meet the requirements for the current legislation and might be used for targeted harvest of the species in the littoral zones. Considering the need to intensify fishing for Prussian carp and its high actual specific mass in catches of nets with a mesh size of 50-60 mm, the implementation of specialized fishing for this species in the Dnieper reservoirs can be considered as a means of optimizing the use of the formed bioresource for the commercial fishery. In order to minimize the negative impact of this fishing on the structural and functional indicators of the bream population, specialized fishing should be focused on the areas of accumulation of Prussian carp, i.e. it is a specialized fishery with a share of Prussian at least 50%. The necessity of the meliorative capture introduction aimed to downgrade the reproductive core of the population of this alien species to prevent its uncontrolled population growth.
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Léger, Georges Antoine. "Droit de la mer : La contribution du Canada au nouveau concept de la zone économique." Études internationales 11, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701073ar.
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The decade-long process of negotiation leading to a new regime of Oceans Law is drawing to a close. One of its major achievements to date is the elaboration of an entirely new concept in ocean space, the exclusive economic zone. Canada has played a leading role in bringing about consensus on the main elements of this zonal approach, a bridge linking certain features of the territorial sea regime with a number of safeguards derived from the exercise of high seas rights. Canada 's contribution was based generally on a novel application of the functional approach which has been prevalent in Canada 's treatment of Law of the Sea issues over the past few years. The idea was to apply the principles of delegation of powers to those of functionalism, in order to foster a zonal approach whereby certain functional rights and obligations (pertaining, for instance, to fisheries or to the marine environment) would be carried out by the coastal state on behalf of the international community. In recognition of its exercise of this mandate, and in regard to its geographical proximity to the ocean space it managed, the coastal state would be granted a preferential (and for most purposes an exclusive) access to the resources of the zone. One of the best examples of this approach can be found in Canada 's earliest efforts to deal with the fundamental issue of fishing rights at the Conference. Bringing a multi-disciplinary focus to bear on the need to distinguish between different species of fish in the coastal areas, the Canadian delegation, with the co-sponsorship of a number of like-minded countries, brought forward proposals tailored to the management and exploitation of these species.
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Ko, Nyein Thandar, Phil Suter, John Conallin, Martine Rutten, and Thom Bogaard. "Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Indicators in the Zawgyi Irrigation Channels and a River in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 8788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218788.
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Rivers and wetlands in Myanmar provide essential services to people in terms of transportation, agriculture, fisheries and a myriad of other ecosystem services, all of which are dependent on a healthy ecosystem. Irrigation channels are also an important part of the infrastructure for daily water use in Myanmar. The objective of this research is to describe the aquatic ecosystem of irrigation channels using aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. The research focused on the taxonomic composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Zawgyi River and the associated irrigation channels in central Myanmar, east of the city of Mandalay. Significant differences between the river and channels, and among individual channels, were shown using an analysis of similarity: Bray–Curtis similarity, a multivariate equivalent of the univariate statistical method of analysis of variance: ANOSIM and an analysis of similarity percentages: SIMPER by Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research: PRIMER v6 software. The initial findings suggest that there is a clear separation between macroinvertebrate communities at the morpho-species level of identification between river and irrigation channels, while there is less separation between functional feeding groups (FFG) between them. The lower taxonomic level of discrimination at the family level using a water quality index showed no significant difference between river and channels. The preliminary field results indicate that a recently modified biomonitoring index method could be applied in Myanmar to assess the ecological water quality of the modified river, as well as human-made channels.
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Farkhutdinova, Luiza V., and Oksana O. Sukhanova. "Study of the functional resource of families raising children with disabilities." Perspectives of Science and Education 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.1.25.
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Introduction. Today much attention is paid to the role of a family in the system of psychological, medical and pedagogical support for children with disabilities. The need to study the functional resource of a family with a child with special educational needs in order to identify its problem areas and determine psychotherapeutic targets determines the relevance of this study. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 families raising children with disabilities aged 4 to 7; the comparison group consisted of 32 families raising healthy children of the same age. The experience of family life is 5-8 years. The age of parents is from 27 to 38 years old. The following research methods and techniques were used: a test of the functional resource of the family by N.M. Lavrova and V.V. Lavrov; statistical processing was carried out using Pearson's chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and Fisher's angular transformation test. Results. In the group of families raising healthy children, in 9 families the functional resource indicators corresponded to the "high positive" zone, in 22 families an “average positive” resource was determined, in one family – a low positive resource. Among families raising a child with disabilities, two families had indicators on the border of “high positive”/“average positive” resource, in most cases (18 families) the indicators showed an “average positive” resource; in 12 families, the indicators corresponded to a “low positive” and “weakly negative” resource. When comparing indicators in families raising a child with disabilities with indicators in families with a healthy child, using Pearson's chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, significant differences were revealed (χ2 value is 19.620, p≤0.01). This indicates that the functional resource of families raising a child with disabilities is significantly lower than that of families raising a healthy child. The study of the functional resource of the family by this method made it possible to identify problem areas and determine the direction of the study of response patterns using a focused genogram in order to determine therapeutic targets. Conclusions. The data obtained in the study of the functional resource of the family using the test by N.M. Lavrova and V.V. Lavrov made it possible to state that the functional resource of families raising a child with disabilities is lower than the functional resource of families raising a healthy child; the analysis of the responses of a husband and wife in the same family allows identifying problem areas of the family and studying them using the analysis of a focused genogram.
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Jones, Jessica Trevino, Sushanth Kakarla, Annie Hung, Michelle Janania Martinez, Prathibha Surapaneni, Juan Garza, David Gregorio, et al. "A Look at Lymphoid Neoplasms in Patients over 65: Are We Less Aggressive - and Does It Affect Outcome?" Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119584.
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Abstract BACKGROUND With a greater proportion of the general population continuing to age from advancements in scientific knowledge, more patients newly diagnosed with malignant lymphoid tumors are elderly (age > 70). Geriatric oncology continues to face challenges in the management of these conditions because of co-morbid conditions, and therapy tolerance limitations associated with aging. Research has shown that geriatric patients get less chemotherapy than non-geriatric counterparts. The main objective of this study was to analyze outcomes of elderly patients (age>65) diagnosed with Hodgkin and Non Hodgkin lymphoma and the relation to several variables including HIV status, financial status and ethnicity. METHODS We identified and included elderly patients (age >65) diagnosed with any subtype lymphoma by using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. The patients identified received care exclusively with Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio between 1998-2017. Variables for each patient measured included age, gender, diagnosis, stage, > 2 comorbidities, vitality status, HIV status, insurance status, treatment received, and treatment response. Dates of treatment and type of treatment was confirmed by documentation or chemotherapy orders, and diagnosis was confirmed by original pathology report. The statistical significance of associations with treatment response was assessed with Pearson's Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact test, and a logistic regression model with a generalized logit link with a 3-level response (CR, PR, F) where CR was designated as the referent. For each effect, the Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) are reported. All statistical testing was two-sided with a significance level of 5%. SAS Version 9.4 for Windows (SAS Institute, Cary NC) was used throughout. RESULTS Our patient population (n=346) was shown to have a median of 56, female patients (n=174, 50.3%), males patients (n=172, 49.7%), Hispanics (n=180, 52%), uninsured (n=107, 30.9%), and HIV (n=22, 6%). Diagnoses studied included aggressive lymphomas (Burkitt's, 1ry CNS, Hodgkin's, NHL, PTLD; n=252) and indolent lymphomas (Marginal Zone, Follicular; n=94). The odds of treatment failure (F) and of Partial Response (PR) in patients >65 was significantly increased relative to the odds in those ≤65 (F OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, p=0.02, PR OR=1.03, 95% CI 1 to 1.05, p=0.032). In an examination of variation in the relation between treatment response and treatment (chemo, chemo/immunotherapy, immune therapy alone, others) with age, we found no overall association between treatment response and treatment after adjustment for age (p=0.92) and no association between treatment response and treatment among those ≤65 or >65 (p=0.54 and p=0.97) respectively. CONCLUSION Hematologic malignancies are potentially curable or may have long lasting remission with current available treatment options; however, age with concurrent declining functional status can preclude many therapies. In our patient population, age did not preclude aggressive treatment with intent for cure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Andrade Ruiz Eufredo Carlos, Duque marín Richard, and Torres Chuquimarca Gladys. "Main functional groups of the plankton in front of the fishing port of Anconcito, Santa Elena-Ecuador." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, November 7, 2022, 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.s09.003.
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Coastal marine plankton is an indicator of the link in the pelagic food chains of the first level (phytoplankton) and the second trophic level (zooplankton); therefore, it is of great ecological, fisheries and economic importance. In this context, the objective of this study was to describe the main components of two plankton communities (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen) at three distances (1, 5 and 10 miles) off the fishing port of Anconcito from May 2019 to February 2020, as an indicator of the ecosystem health of a fishing sector. Samples were collected horizontally using plankton nets with 55 and 300 μm mesh eyes for 10 minutes. Temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ with a multiparameter probe at the surface level. Mean temperature values were recorded among the three study areas of 25°C, salinity of 31 ups, dissolved oxygen of 4.6 mg.L-1 and pH of 8.The results showed that the first trophic level recorded the abundance of centric diatoms, considered indicators of productive zones mainly in August, while their density in the other months was lower. The phytoplankton composition recorded 167 species; only 12 species of centric diatoms and 13 species of dinoflagellates recorded higher algal density (> 2%), with 142 species present/scarce, the same that evidenced slight differentiation in the three zones. Therefore, diatoms and dinoflagellates were the phytoplankton functional groups that contributed a heterogeneous diversity index in the three sites. Twenty-three zooplanktonic groups were identified, with an average of six species of jellyfish, twelve siphonophores, two cladocerans, two appendicularians and various larval forms of different taxa. Copepods presented the highest mean abundance (48639.3 ind. (100m3 )-1 and 33.3 % respectively), followed by invertebrate eggs (48434.3 ind. (100m3 )-1 and 36. The ANOSIM analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the population densities of the three fixed stations, and in the Bonferroni pairwise comparison between stations 1 and 10 miles, there is no significant difference. In contrast, between stations (10 and 5), (5 and 1) miles there are significant differences, through the SIMPER application, it was found that the group that contributed to the dissimilarity was the copepods, with 38.29% between stations of 10 and 5 miles. The principal component analysis reported that the groups of cladocerans, crustaceans, mollusks, quetognathans, jellyfish and ichthyoplankton were associated with temperature. In conclusion, this line of research on phytoplankton and zooplankton recorded nutritional indicators such as diatoms and copepods very important in the trophic web, combined with local ecological and oceanographic aspects, indicate that the state of health of the coastal margin in front of Anconcito Bay is optimal.
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Kavanaugh, Maria, Tom Bell, Dylan Catlett, Megan Cimino, Scott Doney, Willem Klajbor, Monique Messié, et al. "Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps." Oceanography 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2021.215.
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Coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to human-caused global warming, rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, sea ice loss, and acidification that in turn alter the productivity and composition of marine biological communities. In addition, regional pressures associated with growing human populations and economies result in changes in infrastructure, land use, and other development; greater extraction of fisheries and other natural resources; alteration of benthic seascapes; increased pollution; and eutrophication. Understanding biodiversity is fundamental to assessing and managing human activities that sustain ecosystem health and services and mitigate humankind’s indiscretions. Remote-sensing observations provide rapid and synoptic data for assessing biophysical interactions at multiple spatial and temporal scales and thus are useful for monitoring biodiversity in critical coastal zones. However, many challenges remain because of complex bio-optical signals, poor signal retrieval, and suboptimal algorithms. Here, we highlight four approaches in remote sensing that complement the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON). MBON observations help quantify plankton functional types, foundation species, and unique species habitat relationships, as well as inform species distribution models. In concert with in situ observations across multiple platforms, these efforts contribute to monitoring biodiversity changes in complex coastal regions by providing oceanographic context, contributing to algorithm and indicator development, and creating linkages between long-term ecological studies, the next generations of satellite sensors, and marine ecosystem management.
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Hou, Wenhao, Xiangtao Wei, Weihao Bai, Yajuan Zheng, Qiyin Tan, Zhaojun Liu, Bowen Rong, and Changzi Ge. "Effects of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum culture on the macrobenthic community." Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (April 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1084386.
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Macrobenthic bioturbation affects the environment, and variances in habitat, such as decreased dissolved oxygen concentration and increased ammonia concentration, affects the macrobenthic community. The relationship between macrobenthos and habitat factors may be a mutually causal relationship. The bottom-sowing culture for Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in many coastal countries plays an important role in coastal fisheries, and the relationship between Manila clam and other macrobenthos affects the ecological stability of the bottom-sowing culture zone. It is necessary to explore the relationship between them to manage the waters used for the bottom-sowing culture for Manila clam. In this study , from June to October 2021, the field investigation on macrobenthos including Manila clam and their habitat factors, such as particle size, nutrient content, redox potential, and organic matter content, in 21 experimental communities enclosed by bolting-silk net in Shuangdao Bay, Weihai, Shandong, China was conducted, during which macrobenthos functional groups were determined by feed sources and motor behavior. The results showed that Manila clam biomass was 7.215±0.984 g/m2 (calculated by dry soft tissue weight), and it was positively correlated with the biomass of macrobebthos functional groups B1, G1 and P1; water content in sediment; sulfide content in interstitial water; the Shanon-Wiener diversity index; Pielou’s evenness index and the W statistic of the ABC (Abundance-Biomass Comparison) curve (p< 0.05). Moreover, it was negatively correlated with sediment particulate size and HCl-NO3 content in sediment (p< 0.05). The action of Manila clam to habitats was the dominant role of the interaction between clam and habitat. Thus, the bottom-sowing culture for Manila clam does not decrease the macrobenthic community stability, and the invasion of other macrobenthos into the bottom-sowing culture zones for Manila clam may be accidental or inevitable. The results of our study suggest that the management of the bottom-sowing culture for Manila clam should be conducted from ecosystem level; i.e., fishing and aquaculture in the same waters are regarded as two components of an ecosystem; manage them together, rather than treat them separately.
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Braun, Camrin D., Martin C. Arostegui, Simon R. Thorrold, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Peter Gaube, Jorge Fontes, and Pedro Afonso. "The Functional and Ecological Significance of Deep Diving by Large Marine Predators." Annual Review of Marine Science 14, no. 1 (August 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-032521-103517.
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Many large marine predators make excursions from surface waters to the deep ocean below 200 m. Moreover, the ability to access meso- and bathypelagic habitats has evolved independently across marine mammals, reptiles, birds, teleost fishes, and elasmobranchs. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests a number of plausible functional hypotheses for deep-diving behavior. Developing ways to test among these hypotheses will, however, require new ways to quantify animal behavior and biophysical oceanographic processes at coherent spatiotemporal scales. Current knowledge gaps include quantifying ecological links between surface waters and mesopelagic habitats and the value of ecosystem services provided by biomass in the ocean twilight zone. Growing pressure for ocean twilight zone fisheries creates an urgent need to understand the importance of the deep pelagic ocean to large marine predators. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 14 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.