Journal articles: 'Fish stress'

1

IWAMA, GEORGE K. "Stress in Fish." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 851, no. 1 STRESS OF LIF (June 1998): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09005.x.

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Hermesz, E., J. Nemcsók, and M. Ábrahám. "Stress response in fish." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80657-3.

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De Wachter, Bart, Hans De Smet, Veerle Reynders, Hildegarde Thyberghien, Gudrun De Boeck, and Ronny Blust. "Stress proteins in fish: Sensitive indicators of stress?" Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (August 1999): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90041-7.

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Fonseca, Letícia N., Danilo P. Streit Jr, and Lis Santos Marques. "Welfare and stress in fish." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 10, no. 07 (July 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-1007014548.

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Yamashita, Michiaki, Takeshi Yabu, and Nobuhiko Ojima. "Stress Protein HSP70 in Fish." Aqua-BioScience Monographs 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2010): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5047/absm.2010.00304.0111.

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Flik, Gert, Peter H. M. Klaren, Erwin H. Van den Burg, Juriaan R. Metz, and Mark O. Huising. "CRF and stress in fish." General and Comparative Endocrinology 146, no. 1 (March 2006): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.11.005.

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Borowiec, Brittney G. "Fasting fish risk oxidative stress." Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. 16 (August 15, 2018): jeb170332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.170332.

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Wendelaar Bonga, S. E. "The stress response in fish." Physiological Reviews 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 591–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.591.

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The stress response in teleost fish shows many similarities to that of the terrestrial vertebrates. These concern the principal messengers of the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell axis (equivalent of the brain-sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis) and the brain-pituitary-interrenal axis (equivalent of the brain-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as their functions, involving stimulation of oxygen uptake and transfer, mobilization of energy substrates, reallocation of energy away from growth and reproduction, and mainly suppressive effects on immune functions. There is also growing evidence for intensive interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system in fish. Conspicuous differences, however, are present, and these are primarily related to the aquatic environment of fishes. For example, stressors increase the permeability of the surface epithelia, including the gills, to water and ions, and thus induce systemic hydromineral disturbances. High circulating catecholamine levels as well as structural damage to the gills and perhaps the skin are prime causal factors. This is associated with increased cellular turnover in these organs. In fish, cortisol combines glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions, with the latter being essential for the restoration of hydromineral homeostasis, in concert with hormones such as prolactin (in freshwater) and growth hormone (in seawater). Toxic stressors are part of the stress literature in fish more so than in mammals. This is mainly related to the fact that fish are exposed to aquatic pollutants via the extensive and delicate respiratory surface of the gills and, in seawater, also via drinking. The high bioavailability of many chemicals in water is an additional factor. Together with the variety of highly sensitive perceptive mechanisms in the integument, this may explain why so many pollutants evoke an integrated stress response in fish in addition to their toxic effects at the cell and tissue levels. Exposure to chemicals may also directly compromise the stress response by interfering with specific neuroendocrine control mechanisms. Because hydromineral disturbance is inherent to stress in fish, external factors such as water pH, mineral composition, and ionic calcium levels have a significant impact on stressor intensity. Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats.

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Le Bras, Alexandra. "Stress-induced analgesia in fish." Lab Animal 49, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41684-020-0624-z.

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NAKANO, TOSHIKI. "Studies on stress and stress tolerance mechanisms in fish." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 82, no. 3 (2016): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.wa2290.

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Chowdhury, S., and S. K. Saikia. "Oxidative Stress in Fish: A Review." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i1.41716.

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Apart from its beneficial properties of oxygen to cellular functions, it can cause some undesirable damages by the formation of ROS which can be neutralized by the formation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Like any other vertebrate, these damages can be seen in fish which are exposed to various oxidative stressors. In fish, it may be brought by a variety of chemicals (pesticides, insecticides etc.), or environmental factors (DO, pH, temperature, salinity, etc) affecting different biological processes in fish. The present review discusses some of such stressors and their effects on fish from a wide range of literature available across last four decades. The metabolic pathways involved in terms of energy homeostasis and ATP production during stress exposure in fish is a new addition here, and has been addressed to some extent in case of temperature and salinity stress.

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12

Suguna, T. "Management of Stress in Culture Fish." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2152a.

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Over the last three decades, the commercial aquaculture has experienced spectacular growth. Many species have gone from small scale regional production to large scale global production. Concomitant with the rapid growth there also has been the increased occurrence of problems that accompany all agricultural endeavours. All the problems are stress influenced leading to diseases, impacting the profitability of the industries. In aquaculture also inspite of the unprecedented development of the intensified culture practices many economical problems have arise that are threatening the sustainability of culture systems. The root cause for all is stress. The word, “stress” is very common butreflects vast effective results. It is an invisible factor, influencing the survivality, growth, reproduction, production in culture fish especially. It is much easier for diseases to proliferate in the culture environment than in wild. Defining what levels of stressors are normal and acceptable is not easy. A level of stressor that is problematic under one set of environmental conditions might not be the same under another. The susceptibility of disease occurrence differs within species and age groups. Different stress factor such as inadequate physico chemical and microbial quality of culture water, poor nutritional stems and high stocking density can cause infection by opportunistic pathogens. In aquaculture, the stress plays major role on production, productivity, sustainability of the culture, economic loss and degradation of economic standards. A summation of causes for the acute and chronic stressors will enlighten the aqua farmers, scientists and fishery officials in designing environmentally friendly controlling measures, in obtaining higher yields.

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Reinert, Robert. "Biological Indicators of Stress in Fish." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121, no. 2 (March 1, 1992): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659-121.2.274.

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Heath, Alan G., G. K. Iwama, A. D. Pickering, J. P. Sumpter, and C. B. Schreck. "Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture." Estuaries 21, no. 3 (September 1998): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352849.

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Simon, Yitzhak, Berta Levavi-Sivan, Avigdor Cahaner, Gideon Hulata, Aaron Antler, Lavi Rozenfeld, and Ilan Halachmi. "A behavioural sensor for fish stress." Aquacultural Engineering 77 (May 2017): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.04.001.

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Pickering, A. D. "Growth and stress in fish production." Aquaculture 111, no. 1-4 (April 1993): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90024-s.

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Tort, Lluis. "Stress and immune modulation in fish." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 35, no. 12 (December 2011): 1366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2011.07.002.

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Wu, Haiyun, Ayasa Aoki, Takafumi Arimoto, Toshiki Nakano, Hitoshi Ohnuki, Masataka Murata, Huifeng Ren, and Hideaki Endo. "Fish stress become visible: A new attempt to use biosensor for real-time monitoring fish stress." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 67 (May 2015): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.015.

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TSANTILAS (Η. ΤΣΑΝΤΗΛΑΣ), H., E. ATHANASSOPOULOU (Φ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), A. D. GALATOS (Α.Δ. ΓΑΛΑΤΟΣ), and K. BITCHAVA (Κ. ΜΠΙΤΧΑΒΑ). "Welfare of fish." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15022.

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Fish welfare and in general the welfare of animals is a term that declares a painless and not stressfull state of being. During the previous years this term has been questioned by the producers, however, nowadays, it is actually legally regulated in several countries. For fishes, few are the examples of such enforcement, such as in Norway and Germany where the killing of fish for human consumption bases on techniques compatible with their welfare. All the animals need a stable environment of being so that they can survive, develop and reproduce. The absence of such a stability is termed as stress. There are various causes of producing stress in fish. Firsdy, almost all management procedures that are practiced commercially result in stress (e.g. transport). Secondly, inadequate conditions of farming, such as the high stocking-density and an unbalanced food, place the welfare of fishes at risk. To the same result may also lead other factors, such as the unsuitable quality of the rearing water, the techniques that are used for the prevention and treatment of illnesses, the techniques of killing and also transport.

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Sevcikova, M., H. Modra, A. Slaninova, and Z. Svobodova. " Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review." Veterinární Medicína 56, No. 11 (December 12, 2011): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4272-vetmed.

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This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species through two mechanisms. Redox active metals generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while metals without redox potential impair antioxidant defences, especially that of thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. Antioxidant defences include the enzyme system and low molecular weight antioxidants. Metal-binding proteins, such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin and metallothioneins, have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals. Recent studies of metallothioneins as biomarkers indicate that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of metallothionein genes can be appropriate in cases with elevated levels of metals and no evidence of oxidative damage in fish tissue. Components of the antioxidant defence are used as biochemical markers of oxidative stress. These markers may be manifested differently in the field than in results found in laboratory studies. A complex approach should be taken in field studies of metal contamination of the aquatic environment.  

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Pospichal, A., D. Pokorova, T. Vesely, and V. Piackova. "Susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) to CyHV-3 under no-stress and stress conditions." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 5 (May 29, 2018): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/88/2017-vetmed.

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus, is the causative agent of the highly contagious koi herpesvirus disease, which is restricted to koi and common carp and causes significant losses in both fish stock. Some experimental investigations have shown that other cyprinid or non-cyprinid species may be asymptomatically susceptible to this virus and might play roles as potential carriers of CyHV-3 or might contribute to persistence of this virus in environment. Therefore, it seems important to verify not only the susceptibility of other cyprinid or non-cyprinid species, but also their ability to transmit CyHV-3 infection to susceptible species. Our previous investigation of the susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) did not reveal the presence of CyHV-3 DNA in the tissues of this species after cohabitation with infected koi. Consequently, we changed the experimental conditions and applied two stress factors (removal of skin mucus and scaring) which would presumably mimic the stress most commonly encountered in the wild. Both experiments (without and with stress factors) consisted of primary and secondary challenges. In both the no-stress and stress experiments, the first challenge was focused only on testing the susceptibility of the topmouth gudgeon to the virus. With the secondary challenge, we investigated potential viral transmission from the topmouth gudgeon to healthy naive koi after exposure to stress factors. All fish (dead, surviving and sacrificed) were tested for the presence of CyHV-3 DNA using nested PCR (no-stress experiment) and real-time PCR (stress experiment). After the primary challenge of the no-stress experiment, PCR did not reveal the presence of CyHV-3 DNA in any specimen of cohabitated topmouth gudgeon, but all specimens of dead koi were CyHV-3 DNA-positive. PCR of fish tissues subjected to the secondary challenge did not show the transfer of virus to naive fish. After exposure to stress (removal of skin mucus), qPCR revealed four out of five samples (80%) of topmouth gudgeon to be positive for CyHV-3 DNA. Two out of five samples (40%) of topmouth gudgeon treated by scaring were found to be positive for the presence of viral DNA. Real-time PCR after the secondary challenge did not reveal any viral DNA positivity in specimens of topmouth gudgeon from groups previously exposed to stress. The stress experiments show that removal of skin mucus might potentially lead to susceptibility of topmouth gudgeon to CyHV-3 infection, but the transmission of the virus to koi carp was not observed.

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Esmaeili, Moha, Hossein Hosseini, Mahyar Zare, Sobhan R. Akhavan, and Artur Rombenso. "Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8991678.

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Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events in later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) ( 6.8 ± 0.7 g). Six experimental treatments were HL0Stress (high-lipid diet and without stress), HL2Stresses (high-lipid diet and two-week stress), HL4Stresses (high-lipid diet and four-week stress), LL0Stress (low-lipid diet and without stress), LL2Stresses (low-lipid diet and two-week stress), and LL4Stresses (low-lipid diet and four-week stress). During the ten-week trial, fish fed high-lipid diets grew faster ( 46.41 ± 4.67 vs. 38.81 ± 2.81 ) and had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.21 vs. 2.60) than those fed low-lipid diets ( P < 0.05 ). After acute confinement stress (AC stress), high-lipid groups had higher survival than low-lipid treatments (81.25% vs 72.92%) ( P < 0.05 ). Fish subjected to two-time stress (2Stresses) had a higher survival rate after AC stress (90.63% vs. 62.50%), hematocrit, white blood cell, blood performance, total protein, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglyceride, alternative complement activity (ACH50), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than those not stressed ( P < 0.05 ). Contrariwise, glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the 2Stresses groups compared with 0Stress fish ( P < 0.05 ). Collectively, these findings suggest stressing the signs of adaptation in 2Stresses fish. However, a higher number of early stress events (4Stresses) appears to exceed the threshold of manageable stress levels for this species. In conclusion, the HL2Stresses group outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth, health status, and stress responsiveness. Although fish welfare must be considered, these results suggest that early mild stress can result in a greater survival rate after fish are exposed to later acute stress.

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Bortone, Stephen A., and William P. Davis. "Fish Intersexuality as Indicator of Environmental Stress." BioScience 44, no. 3 (March 1994): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312253.

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BRAITHWAITE, V. A., and L. O. E. EBBESSON. "Pain and stress responses in farmed fish." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 33, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2285.

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Barcellos, Leonardo José Gil, Gilson Luiz Volpato, Rodrigo Egydio Barreto, Ivanir Coldebella, and Daiane Ferreira. "Chemical communication of handling stress in fish." Physiology & Behavior 103, no. 3-4 (June 2011): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.03.009.

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Babich, H., M. R. Palace, and A. Stern. "Oxidative stress in fish cells:In vitro studies." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 24, no. 2 (February 1993): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01141344.

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Pederzoli, Aurora, and Lucrezia Mola. "The early stress responses in fish larvae." Acta Histochemica 118, no. 4 (May 2016): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.001.

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Conte, F. S. "Stress and the welfare of cultured fish." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 86, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.02.003.

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Prunet, Patrick, Michael T. Cairns, Svante Winberg, and Thomas G. Pottinger. "Functional Genomics of Stress Responses in Fish." Reviews in Fisheries Science 16, sup1 (September 15, 2008): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260802341838.

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Fox, Helen E., Stephanie A. White, Mimi H. F. Kao, and Russell D. Fernald. "Stress and Dominance in a Social Fish." Journal of Neuroscience 17, no. 16 (August 15, 1997): 6463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06463.1997.

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31

Carter, Jason R., Christopher E. Schwartz, Huan Yang, and Michael J. Joyner. "Fish oil and neurovascular reactivity to mental stress in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 304, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): R523—R530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2013.

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Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have been suggested to protect against cardiovascular disease, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the well-documented link between mental stress and cardiovascular risk, no study has examined neural cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress after fish oil supplementation. We hypothesized that fish oil would blunt the blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responsiveness to mental stress and/or augment limb vasodilation associated with mental stress. Blood pressure, HR, MSNA, forearm vascular conductance (FVC), and calf vascular conductance (CVC) responses were recorded during a 5-min mental stress protocol in 67 nonhypertensive subjects before and after 8 wk of fish oil ( n = 34) or placebo supplementation ( n = 33). Fish oil blunted HR reactivity to mental stress (group × condition × time interactions, P = 0.012) but did not alter blood pressure reactivity to mental stress (interactions, P > 0.05). Fish oil blunted total MSNA reactivity to mental stress (interaction, P = 0.039) but did not alter MSNA burst frequency and burst incidence reactivity (interactions, P > 0.05). Finally, fish oil significantly blunted CVC reactivity to mental stress (interaction, P = 0.013) but did not alter FVC reactivity (interaction, P > 0.05). In conclusion, 8 wk of fish oil supplementation significantly attenuated both HR and total MSNA reactivity to mental stress and elicited a paradoxical blunting of calf vascular conductance. These findings support and extend the growing evidence that fish oil may have positive health benefits regarding neural cardiovascular control in humans.

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Maynard, George A., Timothy B. Mihuc, Rachel E. Schultz, V. Alex Sotola, Alejandro J. Reyes, Mark H. Malchoff, and Danielle E. Garneau. "Use of external Indicators to Evaluate Stress of Largemouth (Micropterus salmoides) and Smallmouth (M. dolomieu) Bass at Tournaments." Open Fish Science Journal 6, no. 1 (November 13, 2013): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01306010078.

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The popularity of catch and release tournaments targeting largemouth (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth (M. dolomieu) bass has continued to increase over the past few decades. In 2008, Lake Champlain hosted 95 tournaments, including several large-scale events hosted in Plattsburgh, NY. As in any catch-and-release fishery, released fish exhibit varying amounts and types of stress, potentially generating sub-lethal population-level impacts. Due to the large volume of fish that move through catch and release tournaments, blood chemistry analysis is generally outside of the temporal and financial constraints of tournament organizers. External indicators of stress can be used to determine stress levels in large numbers of fish. We adapted some of these indicators (e.g., wounding, response to stimuli) from research in marine and commercial fisheries to assess fish stress following weigh-in at Plattsburgh-based catch and release tournaments. Additionally, we collected data including fish measurements, lake temperature, fish capture locations, and information on tournament handling practices to determine which external factors influenced fish stress levels. Generalized linear models showed increased likelihood of elevated stress levels as a positive function of ambient lake temperature, fish size, and livewell transport distance. Comparison of results with existing research on bass stress are consistent with our models, indicating that external signs of stress can be used to evaluate black bass stress levels at catch-and-release tournaments.

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Le Faouder, Julie, Bastien Arnaud, Régis Lavigne, Céline Lucas, Emmanuelle Com, Elodie Bouvret, Anne-Laure Dinel, and Charles Pineau. "Fish Hydrolysate Supplementation Prevents Stress-Induced Dysregulation of Hippocampal Proteins Relative to Mitochondrial Metabolism and the Neuronal Network in Mice." Foods 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111591.

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Over the past several decades, stress has dramatically increased in occidental societies. The use of natural resources, such as fish hydrolysates, may be an attractive strategy to improve stress management. Our previous study demonstrated the anxiolytic effects of fish hydrolysate supplementation in mice exposed to acute mild stress by limiting stress-induced corticosterone release and modulating the expression of a number of stress-responsive genes. Here, we explore hippocampal protein modulation induced by fish hydrolysate supplementation in mice submitted to acute mild stress, with the aim of better elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Hippocampi from the same cohort of Balb/c mice supplemented with fish hydrolysate (300 mg·kg−1 body weight) or vehicle daily for seven days before being submitted or not to an acute mild stress protocol (four groups, n = 8/group) were subjected to label-free quantitative proteomics analysis combined with gene ontology data mining. Our results show that fish hydrolysate supplementation prevented the observed stress-induced dysregulation of proteins relative to mitochondrial pathways and the neuronal network. These findings suggest that fish hydrolysate represents an innovative strategy to prevent the adverse effects of stress and participate in stress management.

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Winberg, S., J. Schjolden, ∅. ∅verli, and T. Pottinger. "Stress and stress coping in fish, behavioural correlates and neuroendocrine mechanisms." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, no. 4 (April 2007): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.719.

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LeBlanc, Sacha, Erik Höglund, Kathleen M. Gilmour, and Suzanne Currie. "Hormonal modulation of the heat shock response: insights from fish with divergent cortisol stress responses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 1 (January 2012): R184—R192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00196.2011.

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Acute temperature stress in animals results in increases in heat shock proteins (HSPs) and stress hormones. There is evidence that stress hormones influence the magnitude of the heat shock response; however, their role is equivocal. To determine whether and how stress hormones may affect the heat shock response, we capitalized on two lines of rainbow trout specifically bred for their high (HR) and low (LR) cortisol response to stress. We predicted that LR fish, with a low cortisol but high catecholamine response to stress, would induce higher levels of HSPs after acute heat stress than HR trout. We found that HR fish have significantly higher increases in both catecholamines and cortisol compared with LR fish, and LR fish had no appreciable stress hormone response to heat shock. This unexpected finding prevented further interpretation of the hormonal modulation of the heat shock response but provided insight into stress-coping styles and environmental stress. HR fish also had a significantly greater and faster heat shock response and less oxidative protein damage than LR fish. Despite these clear differences in the physiological and cellular responses to heat shock, there were no differences in the thermal tolerance of HR and LR fish. Our results support the hypothesis that responsiveness to environmental change underpins the physiological differences in stress-coping styles. Here, we demonstrate that the heat shock response is a distinguishing feature of the HR and LR lines and suggest that it may have been coselected with the hormonal responses to stress.

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Soler, Patricia, Melissa Faria, Carlos Barata, Eduardo García-Galea, Beatriz Lorente, and Dolors Vinyoles. "Improving water quality does not guarantee fish health: Effects of ammonia pollution on the behaviour of wild-caught pre-exposed fish." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e0243404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243404.

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Ammonia is a pollutant frequently found in aquatic ecosystems. In fish, ammonia can cause physical damage, alter its behaviour, and even cause death. Exposure to ammonia also increases fish physiological stress, which can be measured through biomarkers. In this study, we analysed the effect of sublethal ammonia concentrations on the behaviour and the oxidative stress of Barbus meridionalis that had been pre-exposed to this compound in the wild. Wild-caught fish from a polluted site (pre-exposed fish) and from an unpolluted site (non-pre-exposed fish) were exposed, under experimental conditions, to total ammonia concentrations (TAN) of 0, 1, 5, and 8 mg/L. Swimming activity, feeding behaviour, and oxidative stress response based on biomarkers were analysed. Pre-exposed fish showed both an altered behaviour and an altered oxidative stress response in the control treatment (0 mg/L). Differences in swimming activity were also found as pre-exposed fish swam less. Lower feeding activity (voracity and satiety) and altered response to oxidative stress were also observed at ≥ 1 mg/L TAN. Biomarker results confirmed pre-exposed fish suffer from a reduction in their antioxidant defences and, hence, showed increased oxidative tissue damage. In summary, pre-exposed fish showed more sensitivity to ammonia exposure than fish from a pristine site.

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Thomson, Jack S., Anthony G. Deakin, Andrew R. Cossins, Joseph W. Spencer, Iain S. Young, and Lynne U. Sneddon. "Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): jeb224527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224527.

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ABSTRACTThe state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish.

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Young, Paciencia S., and Joseph J. Cech Jr. "Effects of Exercise Conditioning on Stress Responses and Recovery in Cultured and Wild Young-of-the-Year Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-233.

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Exercise conditioning at 1.2–2.4 body lengths∙s−1 for 60 d significantly improved physiological responses to and decreased recovery time from capture, net confinement, and crowding (collectively, "handling") stress in cultured and wild young-of-the-year striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Plasma cortisol increased dramatically 0.5 h after acute handling in all treatments. However, cortisol returned to prestress levels 4 h after handling in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild fish but not in the respective unexercised fish. Handling stress in all groups of fish also resulted in hyperlacticemia. Faster clearance of plasma lactate following handling stress was shown in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild striped bass compared with unexercised fish. Handling stress resulted in a rapid hemoconcentration as indicated by increases in osmolality and hematocrit levels. Osmotic imbalance was less severe in exercise-conditioned cultured and wild fish than in unexercised fish. These improved stress responses and enhanced recovery in young-of-the-year striped bass should result in increased survival of both cultured and wild fish after transport and stocking into the natural environment.

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Fazio, F., G. Piccione, C. Saoca, AR Caputo, and S. Cecchini. "Assessment of oxidative stress in Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." Veterinární Medicína 60, No. 12 (September 14, 2017): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8583-vetmed.

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In this work we compared two species of fish with different feeding habits: Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The aim of this study was to evaluate total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and TOS/TAC ratio (OSI), in order to highlight the presence of any differences and correlations in these two different species of fish. Thirty adult fish of Mugil cephalus and thirty of Sparus aurata were used. From each fish 0.6 ml of blood was collected. TOS and TAC indicators were measured in serum obtained from samples previously clotted and centrifuged. Our results showed statistically significant differences between the two species in TAC. TOS and OSI did not show significant differences between Gilthead sea bream and Flathead mullet. A positive relationship between TOS and TAC was found in Flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus), and a negative relation between TOS and TAC in Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Our study indicates that the oxidative status and the relationship between total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum are probably dependent on the fish species and are affected by different feeding habits.

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López-Cánovas, Amanda Esperanza, Isabel Cabas, Elena Chaves-Pozo, María Ros-Chumillas, Laura Navarro-Segura, Antonio López-Gómez, Jorge M. O. Fernandes, Jorge Galindo-Villegas, and Alfonsa García-Ayala. "Nanoencapsulated Clove Oil Applied as an Anesthetic at Slaughtering Decreases Stress, Extends the Freshness, and Lengthens Shelf Life of Cultured Fish." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121750.

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In the aquaculture industry, fish are stunned using a wide range of methods, but all of them trigger stress responses and affect the fish flesh quality. Chilled water is considered one of the most efficient methods, but even this is not a stress-free experience for the fish. Anesthetics included in the ice slurry or in water could decrease this stress and delay the loss of flesh quality. In this work, we analyze the effect of clove oil (CO) nanoencapsulated in β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) (CO + β-CD), incorporated in the stunning bath, on the stress response and the organoleptic attributes of fresh marine and freshwater fish from four economically important fish species: Atlantic salmon, European seabass, Nile tilapia, and Rainbow trout. CO + β-CD reduces the time required to induce anesthesia, independently of water salinity, habitat or water temperature. The plasmatic glucose and cortisol levels decreased in all four species, although the concentrations of CO varied between species. Moreover, plasmatic lactate level differed between the marine and freshwater fish. The use of CO + β-CD extended the shelf life of fish from all the species studied (by 3–7 days). In conclusion, using CO encapsulated in β-CD for anesthetizing fish can be regarded as an improved fish-stunning technique that reduces the anesthesia-induction time, decreases the stress response, and extends the shelf life of fresh fish.

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Soltanian, S., MN Adloo, M. Hafeziyeh, and N. Ghadimi. "Effect of β-Glucan on cold-stress resistance of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 9 (November 4, 2014): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7684-vetmed.

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These experiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan on stress responses of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed for nine weeks with a diet containing 0 (control), 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2) and 2% (G3 group) β-glucan. Subsequently, stress responses were studied by evaluating serum cortisol and glucose levels following a constant 24 h cold shock (from 28 °C to 15 °C). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were measured after cold treatments of varying durations (prior to, and after one, 12 and 24 h of cold shock stress, respectively). No differences in serum cortisol and glucose levels were found between control and β-glucan-treated fish. However, the mortality rate was significantly lowered in cold challenged fish fed appropriate doses of β-glucan (in G1 and G2 vs. G3 and control group). The results of the present study demonstrate that a proper administrationβ--glucan in the diet could ameliorate the detrimental effects of a severe stress resulting in a reduction in fish mortality.  

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Oliveira, Thiago Acosta, Renan Idalencio, Fabiana Kalichak, João Gabriel dos Santos Rosa, Gessi Koakoski, Murilo Sander de Abreu, Ana Cristina Varrone Giacomini, et al. "Stress responses to conspecific visual cues of predation risk in zebrafish." PeerJ 5 (September 4, 2017): e3739. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3739.

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Chemical communication relating to predation risk is a trait common among fish species. Prey fish under threat of predation can signal risk to conspecific fish, which then exhibit defensive responses. Fish also assess predation risk by visual cues and change their behavior accordingly. Here, we explored whether these behavioral changes act as visual alarm signals to conspecific fish that are not initially under risk. We show that shoals of zebrafish (Danio rerio) visually exposed to a predator display antipredator behaviors. In addition, these defensive maneuvers trigger antipredator reactions in conspecifics and, concomitantly, stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis, leading to cortisol increase. Thus, we conclude that zebrafish defensive behaviors act as visual alarm cues that induce antipredator and stress response in conspecific fish.

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Andersson, Marica, Jonathan A. C. Roques, Geoffrey Mukisa Aliti, Karin Ademar, Henrik Sundh, Kristina Sundell, Mia Ericson, and Petronella Kettunen. "Low Holding Densities Increase Stress Response and Aggression in Zebrafish." Biology 11, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050725.

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With laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) being an established and popular research model, there is a need for universal, research-based husbandry guidelines for this species, since guidelines can help promote good welfare through providing appropriate care. Despite the widespread use of zebrafish in research, it remains unclear how holding densities affect their welfare. Previous studies have mainly evaluated the effects of holding densities on a single parameter, such as growth, reproductive output, or social interactions, rather than looking at multiple welfare parameters simultaneously. Here we investigated how chronic (nine weeks) exposure to five different holding densities (1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 fish/L) affected multiple welfare indicators. We found that fish in the 1 fish/L density treatment had higher free water cortisol concentrations per fish, increased vertical distribution, and displayed aggressive behaviour more frequently than fish held at higher densities. On the other hand, density treatments had no effect on anxiety behaviour, whole-brain neurotransmitter levels, egg volume, or the proportion of fertilised eggs. Our results demonstrate that zebrafish can be held at densities between 4 and 16 fish/L without compromising their welfare. However, housing zebrafish in the density of 1 fish/L increased their stress level and aggressive behaviour.

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BEREZINA, Daria I., and Lyubov L. FOMINA. "EFFECT OF HORMONE-INDUCED STRESS ON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) COAGULOGRAM." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (December 20, 2020): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.361_periodico36_pgs_346_356.pdf.

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Carp (Cyprinidae) is one of the dominating and most valuable fish species in fish farming. Under conditions of high-intensity cultivation, fish are systematically exposed to extreme factors that cause stress reactions, accompanied by changes in the functional state of the defense of the body systems and exert impact, primarily, on hematological parameters. The hemostatic system is one such defense systems, which counteracts bleeding through a coagulation mechanism. Hemocoagulation follows the same pattern in all vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, and represents an ancient adaptation of animals to stressful conditions, often associated with blood loss in nature. This research aimed to study the effect of hormone-induced stress on plasma (secondary) hemostasis in fish. Given the data fragmentation and differences in methodology and conditions, the lack of standardization in studying hemostasis in fish, especially in critical conditions, this problem remains not fully disclosed in global science. The article presents the results of studying carp (Cyprinus carpio) coagulogram parameters under the influence of acute and chronic stress responses, simulated by injections of synthetic cortisol analogs (dexamethasone for short-term stress, and betamethasone for chronic stress) during 21 days. The dynamics of these indicators were analyzed in comparison to intact fish. It has been established that by accelerating the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and increasing the amount of fibrinogen in the blood of fish, blood coagulation processes were clearly accelerated in all groups of animals tested by the last day of the experiment. The dynamics of other parameters, such as the content of soluble fibrin monomer complexes or antithrombin III content, indicated the simultaneous development of hypercoagulation processes in some groups. Assumptions have been made to explain the pattern of changes observed not only in treated fish but also in control animals.

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Lopez-Tejeida, Samuel, Genaro Martin Soto-Zarazua, Manuel Toledano-Ayala, Luis Miguel Contreras-Medina, Edgar Alejandro Rivas-Araiza, and Priscila Sarai Flores-Aguilar. "An Improved Method to Obtain Fish Weight Using Machine Learning and NIR Camera with Haar Cascade Classifier." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010069.

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The calculation of weight and mass in aquaculture systems is of great importance, since with this task, it is decided when to harvest; generally, the above is manipulating the body manually, which causes stress in the fish body. Said stress can be maintained in the fish body for several hours. To solve this problem an improved method was implemented using artificial intelligence, near-infrared spectroscopy camera, Haar classifiers, and a mathematical model. Hardware and software were designed to get a photograph of the fish in its environment in real conditions. This work aimed to obtain fish weight and fish length in real conditions to avoid the manipulation of fish with hands for the process mentioned, avoiding fish stress, and reducing the time for these tasks. With the implemented hardware and software adding an infrared light and pass band filter for the camera successfully, the fish was detected automatically, and the fish weight and length were calculated moreover the future weight was estimated.

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Höglund, Erik, Øyvind Øverli, Madelene Å. Andersson, Patricia Silva, Danielle Caroline Laursen, Maria M. Moltesen, Åshild Krogdahl, et al. "Dietary l-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 10 (May 28, 2017): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001428.

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AbstractComparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week. Subsequently, fish were reintroduced to control feed and were exposed to acute crowding stress for 1 h, 8 and 21 d post Trp treatment. Generally, acute crowding resulted in lower plasma cortisol levels in fish treated with 3×Trp compared with 1×Trp- and 2×Trp-treated fish. The same general pattern was reflected in telencephalic 5-HTergic turnover, for which 3×Trp-treated fish showed decreased values compared with 2×Trp-treated fish. These long-term effects on post-stress plasma cortisol levels and concomitant 5-HT turnover in the telencephalon lends further support to the fact that the extrahypothalamic control of the neuroendocrine stress response is conserved within the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, they indicate that trophic/structural effects in the brain underlie the effects of dietary Trp treatment on stress reactivity.

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WINBERG, SVANTE, GÖRAN E. NILSSON, and K. HÅKAN OLSÉN. "The Effect of Stress and Starvation on Bratn Serotonin Utilization in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus Alpinus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 165, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.165.1.229.

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The effects of stress and starvation on brain levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were studied in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Three experimental protocols were used to elucidate (1) the effect of stress in fish given food, (2) the effect of starvation, and (3) the effect of stress in fish deprived of food. In the stress experiments, fish were stressed three times a day over a four-week period, and in the starvation experiment the fish were starved for a four-week period. Stressed fish, whether given food or not, showed significantly higher concentrations of 5-HIAA, the main 5-HT metabolite, in both the telencephalon and the brain stem. The 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (an index of serotonergic activity) was also significantly increased in the brain of stressed fish. In the telencephalon of starved fish, the 5-HT concentration was significantly decreased. However, starvation had no effect on 5-HIAA concentrations or 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios in either the telencephalon or the brain stem. These results suggest that stress increases brain serotonergic activity in Arctic charr, while starvation has no effect on the utilization of this transmitter system. It is suggested that stress could be a mediator of the increased 5-HTAA levels and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios recently observed in low-ranking Arctic charr in a dominance hierarch.

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Nakatani, Hajime, and Katsutoshi Hori. "Establishing a Percutaneous Infection Model Using Zebrafish and a Salmon Pathogen." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020166.

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To uncover the relationship between skin bacterial flora and pathogen infection, we developed a percutaneous infection model using zebrafish and Yersinia ruckeri, a pathogen causing enteric redmouth disease in salmon and in trout. Pathogen challenge, either alone or together with pricking by a small needle, did not cause infection of the fish. However, cold stress given by water temperature shift from the optimum 28 °C for zebrafish to 20 °C caused fatal infection of injured fish following pathogen challenge. We investigated the effects of cold stress, injury, and pathogen challenge, alone and in combination, on fish skin bacterial flora using 16S rDNA metagenomics. We found that cold stress drastically altered the skin bacterial flora, which was dominated by Y. ruckeri on infected fish. In addition, fish whose intrinsic skin bacterial flora was disrupted by antibiotics had their skin occupied by Y. ruckeri following a challenge with this pathogen, although the fish survived without injury to create a route for invasion into the fish body. Our results suggest that the intrinsic skin bacterial flora of fish protects them from pathogen colonization, and that its disruption by stress allows pathogens to colonize and dominate their skin.

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Winkler, Paul. "A Method to Minimize Stress during Fish Transport." Progressive Fish-Culturist 49, no. 2 (April 1987): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1987)49<154:amtmsd>2.0.co;2.

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Guo, Huming, and Brian Dixon. "Understanding acute stress-mediated immunity in teleost fish." Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 2 (December 2021): 100010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100010.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fish stress'

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