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Fattal, B., A. M. Eisawy, A. Dotan, H. I. Shuval, and K. H. Mancy. "Impact of Water Quality on Fish Production Based on Egyptian and Israeli Practices." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0074.
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This study deals with an Israel-Egypt-USA collaborative project on the health risks and technological options for fish grown in polluted waters. The fish were grown in aquaculture either with wastewater–enrichment or without. The study included one effluent polishing pond, two fish ponds and two water reservoirs. The fish stock in the ponds and reservoirs consisted mainly of tilapia (usually hybrids of Sarotherodonniloticus × S. aureus). The results of Israeli and Egyptian studies indicated that, on the average, the yields for wastewater aquaculture were higher than the yields without wastewater. However the Egyptian study showed that in areas with inadequate dilution of wastewater by freshwater near to a sewage outfall, there were negative effects on fish production. Microbiological assays (E.coli and Aeromonas) of water and fish tissues, indicate that the Aeromonas counts were high in the water as well as in the fish tissue. The bacterial count was higher in the digestive tract than in the water in which the fish were grown. In most cases only Aeromonas was detected in muscles. There was no difference between wastewater-enriched and nonwastewater aquacultures for both E.coli and Aeromonas concentrations in fish tissues.
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Bin Md Jamal, Muhammad Hazwan, and Y. M. Faiz. "Control System of Fish Feeding Devices in Actual Pond." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.337.
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The main objective of this project is to identify the development of PLC and movement control system providers to eat in wireless cable. Further the second objective is to develop a conveyor system for delivery of food to the system cable feed providers and the final objective is to develop a PLC system and a wireless control system. Components required in this project can be divided into two groups which are electrical components and mechanical components. For this research, some components are required and divided into two groups which the electrical components and mechanical components. The total average weight of pallet conveyors operate to fall during the first 5 minutes is a 286.67 grams, followed by 10 minutes is a 467.78 grams, 15 minutes is a 665.56 grams, last 20 minutes is a 860 grams and the last 25 minutes is a 964.45 grams. The average an increase was due to the time factor and heavy pallet that fell during the process. Then the average results for each test height of the cable before and after process run is taken and graphs drawn. For test average before the process run at station 1 and station 4 is 0.2371 meters followed by station 2, 3, 5 and station 6 is 0.1863 meters. After that, the test run average after the process for station 1 and station 4 is 1177 meters followed station 2, 3, 5 and station 6 is 1.1269 meters. The graph decrease machine because food distribution heavy and less strong pillars to hold cable the support and supports the machine. To increases graphs was due to the bad weather and weight factors distribution of food machine. In summary, the control system of the fish food provider can be developed even more to advance the fishing industry particular in Malaysia and general in the world.
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Carey, T. J., and C. J. Smallridge. "A Research Project to Establish Criteria for the Reintroduction of Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus Into Selected Locations in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98300.
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Platypuses were once common through many waterways of South Australia but now only live in a small system of rivers on Kangaroo Island where they were introduced in 1940. There is renewed interest from individuals and organisations in re-establishing the species in areas of mainland South Australia. The main objective of this project is to identify essential criteria for maintaining platypuses in South Australian ponds. Platypuses were captured on Kangaroo Island and introduced into a two pond system at McLaren Vale south of Adelaide. The animals were radio tagged and their behaviour monitored. Prior to introduction the habitat was fenced to exclude foxes and feral cats. The ponds were improved by the removal of mosquito fish and trout, placement of snags in the water, planting of aquatic vegetation at the margin and management of the water volume and surface area. Observations indicated that soft moist soil at water level aids the creation of burrows and refuges which may take months to establish. In the interim platypuses will make use of natural earth cracks or create refuges in vegetation. The animals are active in the grassy surrounds, move freely between ponds and feed on supplements of mealworms and earthworms. Key requirements for establishing platypuses in pond systems will include the exclusion of mammalian predators, providing a habitat conducive to the establishment of burrows and optimising food availability.
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Md Zain, Badrul Aisham, Muhammad Hazwan Md Jamal, and Salihatun Md Salleh. "Modelling and Control of Fish Feeder System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1314.
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Food and feeding become a major challenge in aquaculture development. The way adjustment of food delivery to pond is an important role to get the maximum return or profit to aquaculture entrepreneurs. This project presents an investigation about the fish feeding system, a system device to feed fish at predetermined amounts of food and time. Moreover, the system is designed with a computer monitored system in order to manage and control the system with simulation. This project is a simulation investigation into the development of PID controller using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation development of the PID controller with the mathematical model of fish feeder system is done using trial and error method. The PID parameter is to be tested with a DC motor. As a result, the best value of PID controller is achieved when Kp = 100, Ki = 0.05 and Kd = 25.
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Ma’bud, Rasdiana S., and Fauziah Nurhamiddin. "The Optimization of Scheduling Development Process to Cultivate Nile Tilapia By Using Pert-Cpm Method." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.292-300.
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The problem in this research is how long thetime and costs in doing the development of cultivationthe Nile Tilapia by using PERT-CTM method and how to determine the optimal path for the work of project development of NileTilapia cultivation. This research was conducted in Togawa village, district of south Galela on July until August 2019. The source of data got in this study from primary data that is through direct observation to fish pond farmers who were the object of research as well as conducting interview with the owners of fish pond of Nile Tilapia, and alsoto collect the documentation of cultivation process of Nile Tilapia. The result of calculation using PERT – CTM method obtained that the optimization of the scheduling the development process of Nile Tilapia cultivation in period of 134 days with a fee of Rp. 21.700.000.
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Borysiak, Anna, Janina Borysiak, Tomasz Joniak, and Barbara Nagengast. "Translocation of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. from the A2 road near Nowy Tomyśl (Poland) into alternative sites." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-011-0010-1.
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Translocation ofNuphar lutea(L.) Sibth. & Sm. from the A2 road near Nowy Tomyśl (Poland) into alternative sitesA translocation ofNuphar lutea(L.) Sibth. & Sm. was made from its primary location in Prądówka, situated in the path of the construction site of the A2 motorway, into replacement biotopes. All rhizomes were taken out of the water and used to prepare cuttings. These were divided into three approximately homogeneous groups. Each group was introduced into different replacement water bodies with environmental conditions that resembled those of the biotope in the Prądówka site. Two of the water bodies were fish ponds. A third was a so called ‘ecological water body’ (settling pond, settling basin) that collected fall effluents delivered from the surface of motorway. The results of the examination of the physical-chemical features of water and bottom sediments from the Prądówka peat pit, two fish ponds and four settling basins are presented in the article. Biological and autecological features of the speciesNuphar lutea, which are significant from the aspect of the growth of the seedlings within the alternative sites, have been discussed. A year after translocation it was observed that in the case of fish ponds, 83% and 75% of the introduced plants survived, while in the settling basin only 50%. A conservation project was undertaken by the investor in order to compensate for the negative effects of the A2 motorway within the area of the European Ecological Natura 2000 Network.
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Sharmin, Sajia, M. Harun Ar Rashid, Ratna Begum, and Sadia Sharmin Hoque. "Relative profitability of farming systems research and development (FSRD) project farmers and non-project farmers of integrated farming systems in Tangail district of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36492.
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Integrated farming system modifies the commercial farming system which ensures higher food production to equate the demand, environmental protection through effective recycling of waste and increased farm income. The present study was undertaken to examine the relative profitability of FSRD project farmers and non-project farmers of integrated farming system. Eighty (80) farmers (40 from FSRD project and 40 from non-project farmers) were selected from Kalihati Upazila under Tangail district of Bangladesh. In the study area, vegetables, fish and poultry enterprises were integrated under technological intervention. The waste of poultry farm was used in fish production and the soil of the pond was used in vegetables cultivation. Per hectare net returns from integrated farming were estimated at Tk513458.10 and Tk256511.90for FSRD project farmers and non-project farmers, respectively. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.66 for FSRD project farmers and1.37 for non-project farmers. In functional analysis, human labor, fingerling, feed, fertilizer, insecticides costs in case of FSRD project farmers and human labor, feed, salt and lime costs in case of non-project farmers had significant impact on per hectare return of integrated farming. FSRD project farmers were more profitable than the non-project farmers. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is great scope to improve the overall economic condition of farmers through introducing integrated farming system in Tangail District of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 117-122, April 2018
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Bricks, Andriy L., Ruslan B. Gavryliuk, and Yuriy O. Negoda. "Hazard of petrochemical pollution of ponds of the “Olexandria” arboretum (Bila Tserkva)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112022.
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Groundwater pollution in the territory of Bila Tserkva aircraft repair plant developed in a latent form for decades, in a similar fashion to the territory of any object of the supply of petroleum products. In the early 90s of the last century, the first signs of this pollution were detected in places of natural drainage of the groundwater flow directed to the ponds cascade of the Western Hollow. It should be noted that this cascade of ponds located on the border of the arboretum protects the rest of the park by absorbing pollutants that migrate from the plant territory. More than 10 years of research of the contaminated area with the goal of designing remediation measures began and continued after that. This project was not implemented in full because of a lack of funds. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of ecological and hydrogeological studies of the past years and a modern survey of the western part of the arboretum “Olexandria” and the adjacent territory of the former aircraft repair plant, it was established that pollution of the pond “Poterchata” continues to this day. Over the past 12 years, the scheme of pollutants incoming into ponds has changed. At first, the main stream of oil pollutants directed to the upper reaches of the beam was considered as very dangerous. Nowadays, perhaps due to the remediation measures taken, this flow seems to be exhausted. However, there were signs of discharge of a polluted underground stream in the lower reaches of the pond “Poterchata”. In the soil samples from wells drilled near the water edge, the oil content is 600-900 mg/kg, and in places of water sampling from ponds, the content of dissolved hydrocarbons varies from 2 to 3 mg/dm3, that is, 60 times higher than the standard for fish farms ponds. It is assumed that LNAPL and contaminated groundwater move towards the cascade of ponds of the Western Hollow not in a continuous stream, but in the form of narrow tongues in places of increased conductivity, which are consistent with the lateral shallow gullies crossing the slope of hollow. It is possible that over time, oil pollution will reach the lower “Rusalka” pond. However, one cannot exclude the assumption of natural attenuation processes, the significance of which increased after the closure of the plant and a decrease in the volume of LNAPL because of its extraction from the subsoil. In order to confirm or refute the assumptions made and decide on the need to protect the ponds of the arboretum it has been planned to equip the observation points in places where we should expect influent of pollutants.
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Foit, Franklin F., and Peter J. Mehringer. "Holocene tephra stratigraphy in four lakes in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada, USA." Quaternary Research 85, no. 2 (March 2016): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.12.008.
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To better understand the regional tephra stratigraphy and chronology of northern Nevada and southern Oregon, tephras in archived cores, taken as part of the Steens Mountain Prehistory Project from four lakes, Diamond Pond, Fish and Wildhorse lakes in southeastern Oregon and Blue Lake in northwestern Nevada, were reexamined using more advanced electron microprobe analytical technology. The best preserved and most complete core from Fish Lake along with Wildhorse Lake hosted two tephras from Mt. Mazama (Llao Rock and the Climactic Mazama), a mid-Holocene basaltic tephra from Diamond Craters, Oregon, two Medicine Lake tephras and an unexpected late Holocene Chaos Crags (Mt. Lassen volcanic center) tephra which was also found in the other lakes. Blue Lake was the only lake that hosted a Devils Hill tephra from the Three Sisters volcano in west central Oregon. Another tephra from the Three Sisters Volcano previously reported in sediments of Twin Lakes in NE Oregon, has now been confirmed as Rock Mesa tephra. The Chaos Crags, Devils Hill and Rock Mesa tephras are important late Holocene stratigraphic markers for central and eastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada.
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Demény, Ferenc. "Clay-pit systems fishfaunistic research in the Middle-Tisza." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 25 (April 11, 2007): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/25/3040.
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After the regulation of the Tisza River the chance of successful fish propagation lessened. Natural spooning places in the river almost completely disappeared. The fish have to find an adequate place for their propagation in the flood plain. The period of spooning usually coincides with flooding of the river. At this time fish try to find the flooded shallow places for spooning. These parts mostly include the clay-pits beside dams, which were accidentally established during construction of the dams. At this place the fry can find the necessary food. After decreasing the flood the fingerlings and a part of the spooners are trapped inclay-pits as these latter ones are not connected with the river bed. The clay-pits usually desiccate during the summer. The trapped fish population is eaten by water birds or harvested by the local man population. This means a great loss for reproduction of some fishspecies.Within the framework of the Regional Rehabilitation Program at Nagykörű, supported by the “WWF Hungary” and a “SAPARD project,” these clay-pits became connected with each other in a stretch of 5 km, and they were jointed to the Tisza by a collecting channel. The water level has been regulated by a flood gate so that the water enters the holes during the flood and is released later on in to the water bed.Data on fish were collected from the Nagykörű Whole System, from the Anyita pond and some isolated wholes in Szandaszöllős in 2004 and 2005. First of all fish fry and fingerling were collected and the success of spooning at these places was examined. Fry was harvested by a 60 x 80 cm sized lifting net of 2x3 mm mesh size. In other cases nets used by anglers for catching prey fishes was also used. Data were also collected from local fishermen who participated in saving the fry and fishing of Anyita pond.Of the several thousand caught fish specimens 28 species were identified, and among them 5 protected and 5 economically important species was found. Protected fishes were as follow: gudgeon (Gobio gobio), bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus amarus), weather fish (Misgurnus fossilis), spined loach (Cobitis elongatoides) and tubenosed goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus). Among economically important fishessamples of asp (Aspius aspius), carp (Cyprinus carpio), wels (Silurus glanis), pike (Esox lucius) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) were
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Mirera, David O. "Small-scale milkfish (Chanos chanos) farming in Kenya: An overview of the trends and dynamics of production." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 18, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.2.
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A number of donor-funded projects by NGOs, government departments and faith-based organizations have piloted milkfish farming along the coast of Kenya at different scales with the aim of addressing poverty and food security at the community level. This paper provides an overview of the history of milkfish farming, organisation of operations, funding, farmers trends, and production dynamics, using both secondary and primary data. Primary data were obtained from quantitative and qualitative assessments covering 26 community milkfish farming groups, while secondary data were obtained from the grey literature and donor-funded project reports. Additional primary data were obtained through 9 key informant interviews covering three coastal Counties, and focus group discussions (8-10 members) at all the community milkfish farms. The study established that milkfish farming could be traced back to the early 1980’s as a by-product of the prawn farming intervention by FAO, and later in other private farms that practised prawn farming. Community/village based small-scale milkfish farming was initiated about two decades ago using organised community groups (OCGs) as the entry point. The number of OCGs undertaking milkfish farming fluctuated with availability of donor funds and increased significantly between 2007 and 2015 with an increase in earthen pond farming area from 0.9ha to 6.8ha over this period. However, the scale of production remained low. Annual milkfish production increased from less than 50kg in 2005 to a maximum of 3.2 tons in 2015. Milkfish farming has not attained production levels that can address poverty and food security issues; a fact that was associated with the lack of reliable milkfish seed for stocking culture facilities. Harvests from existing farms are sold at the farm gate and in nearby market centres with a few communities venturing into opening fish shop outlets to sell their produce.
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Bhuiya, MSU, MM Karim, and SMA Hossain. "Study on integrated farming systems model development." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28692.
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Study on Integrated Farming Systems Model Development was conducted by the Livelihood Improvement of Farming Community in Haor area through System approach Project of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultral University, Mymensigh worked in Purbo Tethulia village of Moahjganj upazilla, Netrakona district from April 2010 to June 2013 with the financial assistance from the National Agricultural Technology Project, SPGR subproject, Bangladesh Agricultural Council with the following objectives i. Increase productivity of field crops, vegetables, livestock and fishes in a household through the use of appropriate technogies and techniques devised/developed/ designed/refined by the farmers for ensuring household food security and nutritional upliftment and raising income ii. Diversify enterprises, mobilize resources and intensify farming and non farming activities for in situ employment generation iii. Conserve farm environment through efficient mobilization and management of natural resource for sustainable production sysyems iv. Develop human resoures for capacity building of the participants and improve their livelihood through system approach. Research programme was finalized in the Bench Mark Survey Workshop. Farmer selection for different research acivities was done as per plan for defferent five components. The crop and agroforestry component conducted experiments both in the homestead land and crop land. In the homestead area, year round vegetables were intervened through community trial for three years. Production of timber trees like mahogany, lambu and fruit trees like mango, guave, jujube, litchi, lemon papaya and jackfruit was also practiced. Timber trees are now at growing stage and among the fruit trees some like papaya, jujube and lemon are at bearing stage. African dhaincha was introduced around homestead fallow/waste land to protect homestead area from wave thrust and to produce biomass fuel. Field trials on rice, vegetables, spices and oil crops were conducted to intensify and diversify the cropping pattern and as well as to utilize the fallow/ waste land of the research site. Under livestock component, experiments were conducted on rearing of egg producing hen, duck, fattening of animals, milching cow, artificial insemination and chemical evaluation of available feedstuffs. A continuous vaccination programme against common diseases of poultry was maintained throughout the study period. Farmers response was very positive towards the experimental results. In the fisheries component, experiment on cage culture in open water, perennial and seasonal pond culture, dry fish and pickle were conducted/done. Among the experiments cage culture in open water proved to be a promising technology and fish pickle was highly appreciated in panel test. For the rural hydrology and mechanization component four studies were conducted. The physico-chemical properties of farm land and homestead soils were determined. Additional application of sulphur and zinc fertilizers were found not required. Both the surface and groundwater characteristics were studied. The maximum flood water depth was found around 3.0 m at farm land. Irrigation facilities developed by installing a shallow tubewell (STW) resulted higher crop production and motivated farmers to install four new STWs by their own capital. All the households (462) of Purbo Tethulia were intervened from the project. The interventions were crop, vegetable, livestock, poultry and fish farming. It was observed that as the number of enterprises increased in the farming systems, the income also increased. The evidence also showed that the training of the beneficiaries increased their knowledge and skill.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 325-336, December 2014
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Zuhra, Cut Fatimah, Sovia Lenny Sovia, and Nunuk Priyani Nunuk. "The Implementation of Biofloc Systems in the Catfish Breeding Cooperated with Lele Tamora SME." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i2.3551.
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This community service aims to provide solutions for fisheries that experience water change problems caused by the lower availability of ground water. The small-medium enterprise (SME) Lele Tamora which is engaged in catfish breeding experiences this problem, such as turbid and bubbly water, which causes mass death of fish seedlings. Therefore, pond fish farming with a modern system integrated by a biofloc system that is supported by the use of microbubbles is introduced to the owner. The basic principle of this system is to utilize bacteria that can release substances that function as adhesives to form biofloc, such as microalgae aggregates, residual pellets, exoskeletons of dead organisms, bacteria, protists, protozoa and others substance with 0.1-2 mm diameter. All of these aggregates can be a source of poison in the pond system or as a competitor for fish to get oxygen. The biofloc system is projected to be able in reducing the toxic content in pond water which automatically reduces fish mortality, and this system can also convert organic waste in ponds into natural food as well as reducing commercial feed. For this purpose, a 1000 liter volume of bioreactor has been constructed to grow biofloc bacterial seeds, 20-liter-capacity of autoclaves to sterilize dissolved oxygen while helping to breed floc-forming aerobic bacteria. This system has been implemented at Lele Tamora SME, and the results showed the changing of water-pond colour from green to brown. Meanwhile, the netting ratio (selection of catfish based on the size of ready-to-sell) increased from 4000 to 8000 individuals.
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Wilcox, Taylor M., and Molly A. H. Webb. "Cannibalism of Embryos and Larvae by Adult Woundfin in Intensive Culture: Application to Conservation Propagation." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042012-jfwm-029.
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Abstract Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus are a small, endangered cyprinid native to the Colorado River basin. Woundfin occur only in the Virgin River in Utah, Arizona, and Nevada, and habitat degradation and competition with invasive species threaten their survival. Three facilities raise woundfin in captivity for use in conservation propagation projects. A suspected limiting factor to pond culture production of woundfin is cannibalistic predation on embryos and larvae. We experimentally measured rates of predation on embryos and larvae by adult woundfin at the Bozeman Fish Technology Center in Montana. Predation was a significant source of mortality on both embryos (W = 210, P < 0.001) and larvae (W = 45, P = 0.004). These rates of predation could translate into the loss of thousands of fish over the course of a spawning season at the conservation propagation facilities. We recommend removing embryos from spawning ponds and rearing them in separate tanks or ponds to reduce predation loss.
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Alobaidy, E. A., and O. K. Jbara. "PRODUCTION RISK ANALYSIS OF FISH FARMING PROJECTS IN FISH PONDS AND FLOATING CAGES A CASE STUDY IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1301.
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This research was aimed to study the problems related to fish farming and the risks that they face. Diyala Governorate was chosen as an applied model for measuring risk facing fish farmers. Research data were collected according to the random sample method, which included (30%) of all fish farming projects in Diyala Governorate. This sample has included 28% of the total fish farming projects in fish ponds and (31.5%) of the total Fish farming projects in cages through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The study focused on analyzing the behavior of fish farmers of the research sample towards risks by adopting a safety model in the form of the risk avoidance criterion (K(s)(.The production functions for fish farming projects in fish ponds and floating cages were estimated, and these functions were estimated by the absence of dummy variables (educational level, years of experience) and with their presence, as well as estimating the risk functions of fish farming projects in fish ponds and floating cages. The results showed that the percent of fish farmers who prefer to take risks in fish ponds (25%) and in floating cages (33.3%), and that the percent of fish farmers who prefer moderate risk (natural or medium) were about (53%) in the ponds and the proportion (66.7%) in Cages, while the fish farmers who avoid risks, they constitute (22%) in ponds and (0%) in cages, from which we conclude that fish farmers in floating cages prefer a greater risk than fish farmers in fish ponds, also the results of the risk function for farming projects in fish ponds and floating cages revealed that dummy variables (educational level, years of experience) have a negative relationship with production risks, which means that the improvement of the educational level and the increment of experience years contributes to a decrease in production risks.
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Hossain, Md Motaher, Mohammed Shafi, Md Kawser Ahmed, and M. Niamul Naser. "Comparative study of the production of closed water fishery resources inside and outside the embankment of Meghna Dhonagoda irrigation project." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 39, no. 2 (May 14, 2012): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v39i2.10583.
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A comparative carried out was done on the closed water fishery resources between inside and outside the embankment of Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project (MDIP). This research explores that the culture fishery has been developed inside the MDIP project area after the construction of Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation (FCDI) Project. The average production of fishes in closed water (ponds and borrow pits) was higher inside (2374.39 kg/ha and 2436.37 kg/ha) than outside (1984.32 kg/ha and 2075.01 kg/ha) in 2003-2004 and 2004- 2005. The significant difference (p<0.001) was found between the production of two zones. The overall production of closed water increased inside the embankment in all cases except culturable ponds. Production of culturable ponds was higher in outside due to the entrance of natural fish in inundated ponds during monsoon.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v39i2.10583Bangladesh J. Zool. 39(2): 157-171, 2011
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Mandal, Shovon, and Nirupama Mallick. "Biodiesel Production by the Green Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus in a Recirculatory Aquaculture System." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 1, 2012): 5929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00610-12.
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ABSTRACTBiodiesel production was examined withScenedesmus obliquusin a recirculatory aquaculture system with fish pond discharge and poultry litter to couple with waste treatment. Lipid productivity of 14,400 liter ha−1year−1was projected with 11 cultivation cycles per year. The fuel properties of the biodiesel produced adhered to Indian and international standards.
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Castro de Oliveira, Dornelles, Francisco De Assis da Silva Júnior, Victor Matias de Souza, Bruno Pereira Gonçalves, Rilmar Pereira Gomes, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Jean Mark Lobo de Oliveira. "Management in Production of Fish Farming Using Arduino." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1871.
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Monitoring of indicators in fish farming is an essential factor for profitable production, the more intense the production system is, the more important monitoring becomes. In the methodology, a bibliographic research was performed and an exploratory research was used to implement a prototype using arduino and monitoring sensors. The goal was to develop a system that assists the management of fish farms, ensuring the accuracy of monitored data, the quality of production and cost savings for the fish farmer. The project has a low implementation cost, provides more convenience in the management of fish ponds and contributes to the reduction of inputs during production, generating a greater profit for the fish farmer.
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Nathan, Dev, and Niaz Ahmed Apu. "Women's Independent Access to Productive Resources: Fish Ponds in the Oxbow Lakes Project, Bangladesh." Gender, Technology and Development 2, no. 3 (November 1998): 397–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185249800200303.
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Nathan, Dev, and Niaz Ahmed Apu. "Women’s Independent Access to Productive Resources: Fish Ponds in the Oxbow Lakes Project, Bangladesh." Gender, Technology and Development 2, no. 3 (January 1998): 397–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718524.1998.11909902.
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Brabenec, V., and H. Nešetřilová. "On applications of the factor analysis in the agricultural research." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/925-agricecon.
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The authors give a brief overview of the outcomes of an application of the factor analysis and present results of two applications within the agricultural research. The first application is a study in which relations among 16 variables characterising production of fish in nearly 200 high production (mainly carp) fish ponds in the Czech Republic were explored using the factor analysis method. In the second case, outcome of a household questionaire survey was analysed using factor analysis to shed light upon the relations among household annual income and expenditures. The paper was supported by the research project Informational and knowledge support of strategic management MSM 6046070904.
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi, Niken Ayu Pamukas, Adelina Adelina, Iesje Lukistyowati, and Dessy Yoswati. "Pelatihan budidaya ikan lele pada kolam terpal dengan sistem akuaponik di Desa Harapan, Kecamatan Sungai Apit, Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau." Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 1 (September 23, 2019): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.1.347-354.
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Most of the Kampung Harapan residents are farmers, namely farming corn, sweet potatoes, chilli, fruit, vegetables (such as spinach and kale) and fish farming. This village is prospective to be used as rearing sites for aquaponic systems. Aquaponic cultivation technology can be developed in limited area and water, and it also can increase business efficiency through the utilization of nutrients from the uneaten fish meal and the metabolism wastes of fish for vegetables, so it could be able to produce fish and vegetables optimally on narrow land and limited water sources, including in urban areas. Through the fish rearing with aquaponic systems, fish farmers will get two advantages in one production stage. This activity was carried out through discussion and practice, which the activity took place in the village office and in the home yard of the fish farmer group in Harapan Village. Extension activities involve fish farmers, plantation farmers and several students. The results of the activities showed that skills and knowledge of fish farmers increase regarding aquaponics fish farming and making pellets mix with gingger. Plastic fish ponds as a pilot project produce high yields of catfish and leafy vegetables, so it can be an alternative income for fish farmers.
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Labh, Shyam Narayan. "RNA: DNA Ratio and Growth Performance of Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Fed Varied Proportion of Protein Diet during Intensive Aquaculture." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 6 (September 26, 2015): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i6.11585.
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An experiment was conducted at Corona of Agriculture (COA)”, Gunjanagar-3, Chitwan, Nepal to complete a project granted by University Grant Commission (UGC), Second Higher Education Project (SHEP) in 2013. Four (average 380 m2) ponds (W, X, Y and Z) with four different diets as D1 (20%), D2 (30%), D3 (40%) and D4 (50%) protein contents were used to conduct the experiment properly to determine the varied proportion of dietary protein on the growth performance of major carp rohu Labeo Rohita (H) in relation with RNA: DNA ratio. After 12th weeks of culture, average length, average weight and specific growth rate of fish were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in the carp with D3 and D4 diet fed fish. Similar results were observed in average total protein, albumin and globulin contents. RNA content increased rapidly with age. The average RNA content increased highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish while, DNA content were highest in D3 diet fed fish. RNA: DNA ratio was recorded highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish. RNA: DNA ratio, an indicator of protein synthesis and have been used to accurately estimate the growth rate and feeding condition of fish hence, as the dose of protein increased RNA and DNA contents also increased with age of carp cultured during experiment. Thus, it was clear from this study that the incorporation of protein in diet enhances the growth of fish regardless of species weight groups and the doses, as the average weight of fish was significantly lower in control diet fed fish as compared to the treated one.
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Islam, Md Samadul, Abdulla Al Asif, Baadruzzoha Sarker, Abdus Satter, Meraz Ahmed, Mizanur Rahman, Md Abu Zafar, and SM Rahmatullah. "Fry production and its marketing system of North-West fisheries extension project at Parbatipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i3.34527.
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In order to understand the present status of hatcheries, questionnaire interview and participatory rural appraisal tools were used in North-west Fisheries Extension Project (NFEP), Parbatipur during the period from July to December 2015. There are two hatcheries in NFEP, Parbatipur- a carp hatchery and a prawn hatchery. The production of spawn was around 611 kg in the year 2015. According to the target hatchery manager collected brood fish from rivers and other sources which he maintained in their brood stock ponds with proper management. The hatchery manager maintained proper age and weight of broods for spawning and followed the guideline of hatchery operation so that the quality of spawn and fry were good. It was found that the hatcheries produced fish seed of a variety of species such as Indian major carps, carpio, sarpunti, silver carp, grass carp, magur, shing as well as freshwater prawn. The hatchery production activities took place starting from February and continued up to September. The quantity of fish seed produce varied from 25 to 75 kg per hatching cycle depending on size and facilities of hatcheries. The price of fry in NFEP was being fixed by the hatchery manager. However, the price variation was seen due to seasonal variation, species and demand. The average price of fish seed was highest in monsoon and lowest in winter. A number of middlemen were involved in the fry marketing channel of NFEP at Parbatipur. They were responsible for increasing the price of fry at each stage of marketing channel.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 368-378
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Cai, Baofeng, Chong Meng, Xian’en Wang, and Yu Li. "Application of a Fuzzy Two-Stage Chance Constrained Stochastic Programming Model for Optimization of the Ecological Services Value of the Interconnected River System Network Project in the Western Jilin Province, China." Water 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010068.
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Incremental ecological service value is an important assessment indicator for ecosystem restoration projects, such as the interconnected river system network project in western Jilin Province, China. In this paper, a fuzzy two-stage chance-constrained stochastic programming (FTSCCP) model is proposed for the optimization of regional incremental ecological service value through adjustments to the original water diversions and ecological water supplement schemes for ecosystem restoration under different management requirements and scenarios. The proposed method can effectively address uncertainties such as fuzzy parameters, probability distributions, and random variables in optimizing processes simultaneously. The results reveal that, under the requirement of meeting the original plan, a decrease in restoration scale would mainly appear under low-flow scenarios, and for the other scenarios, the original plan would be fully realized with an increase in flood utilization and a decrease in normal water supplementation. For the requirement of maximizing the incremental ecological service value, the adjustments would mainly be increases in water supplementation for reed wetlands and marsh wetlands and decreases in water surface area, including fish ponds and crab ponds. The ecological service values would be 11,256.79 million CNY (Chinese Yuan), 16,465.11 million CNY and 17,639.59 million CNY under low-, normal- and high-flow scenarios, respectively, with increases of 3.2%, 6.9% and 14.5% compared to the values based on the requirement of meeting the original plan. The results would be helpful for guiding regional ecosystem restoration and water resource management in the western Jilin Province.
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FUJIWARA, Yuka, Yuki UCHIDA, Ryota KAWANISHI, and Mikio INOUE. "Fish assemblages in floodplain ponds created by a habitat rehabilitation project in the Shigenobu River, Ehime Prefecture." Ecology and Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3825/ece.18.127.
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Hossain, Md Motaher, Mohammad Shafi, Md Kawser Ahmed, Mohammad Abu Jafor Bapary, and Md Lokman Hossain. "Comparative Study of Catch in Open Water Fish Habitats Both Inside and Outside the Embankment of Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 43, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v43i2.46521.
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A comparative study of production /catch in open water fish habitats was conducted both inside and outside the embankment of Meghna Dhonagoda Irrigation Project (MDIP). Very low production was observed in the khal/canal (24.32 kg /ha and 26.45 kg /ha), inundated paddy field/ floodplain (1.99 kg / ha and 2.24kg / ha) in inside the embankment in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, where the production/Catch per unit area was higher in khal (531.56 kg /ha and 528.77kg /ha), floodplain (38.18 kg /ha and 33.84 kg /ha) in outside during the same years. Beside these, the production/catch was recorded in irrigation canal (13.90 kg /ha and 21.94 kg /ha) in inside the embankment of both the years. On the other hand, the catch was recorded in Meghna river (137.87 kg /ha and 96.27 kg /ha) and in Dhonagoda river (124 kg /ha and 85.92 kg /ha) in outside the embankment of both the years respectively. The production was little bit higher in inside open water habitats in 2004-2005, escaped fishes from the ponds were also caught in the inside open water habitats in 2004-2005 due to the over flooding of ponds caused by excess rainfall in September 2004. In both the years, the highest production of inside habitats was in khal, followed by irrigation canal and inundated paddy field/ floodplain. In case of outside habitats, the highest production was in khal, followed by Meghna river, Dhonagodariver and floodplain during both the years of study. Monthly estimated catch regarding the production of the equal sample area of the same habitats between the two zones are statistically significant (p<0.05) in both 2003-2004 and 2004-2005.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 245-257, December 2017
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Silva, Fabricio Nilo Lima da, Raoani Cruz Mendonça, Manoel Luciano Aviz de Quadros, Luã Caldas de Oliveira, Osnan Lennon Lameira Silva, Antônia Rafaela Gonçalves Macedo, Lenilton Alex de Araujo Oliveira, Fernanda Praia Costa, Antony Correa Paes, and Aracy Sá Pereira. "Good management practices course and social technologies for aquaculture farmers in Marajó, Pará, Brazil." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.004.0004.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was capacitate aquaculture farmers and develop social technologies for the culture of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the archipelago of Marajó (Pará - Brazil). The study was carried out in the municipality of Curralinho by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (IFPA) Campus Breves, in March 2020. Two structured questionnaires were applied to 13 course participants who participated in the training. The first was before the course, about fish farming and the adoption of Good Management Practices (BPM) adopted by aquaculture farmers in the Marajó region. The second, composed of closed questions to evaluate the training course, whose themes were: 1) water quality, 2) indicated species, 3) fish transport management, 4) fish quarantine and stock, 5) fish biometrics, 6) liming and fertilizing ponds, 7) management of fish nutrition and health, and 8) fish harvesting and slaughter, were approached in the course. At the end of the lectures / training, a workshop for the production of social technologies was conducted, among students, teachers and aquaculture farmers. Previous knowledge about fish farming and the adoption of BPM were essential for the effectuation of the course. Issues about water quality, biometrics and fish nutrition and health were the ones that called the most attention from aquaculture farmers. Secchi's disk, ichthyometer, hand net and net-tank were the social technologies built. Post-course evaluation was essential to understand the impact of the socialization of knowledge provided to the community. In conclusion, the project reinforced teaching, research and extension actions, involving the community in favor of strengthening aquaculture in the Marajó island, Pará, Brazil.
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Ochieng, James Owek, Ochieng’ Marilyn Ahonobadha, and George Mark Onyango. "Effect of Production Management Skills on the Production Level of ESP Financed Aquaculture Farms in Kisumu West Constituency, Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.3.1.341.
Full textAbstract:
The Kenyan Economic Stimulus Program was developed with an objective to spur regional development. The program targeted the establishment of 200 fish ponds in the selected constituencies in Kenya. Farmers were trained on production management skills and capacity building by the department of fisheries and other institutions sharing similar objectives. In spite of this intervention, there has been a declining trend in the production of fish in Kisumu West Constituency. This study therefore sought to establish if a significant relationship existed between the decline in the performance of aquaculture farms and acquisition of production management skills. The main objective of the study was to establish the effect of farmer production management skills on production levels of the Economic Stimulus Program financed aquaculture farming projects in Kisumu West Constituency, Kisumu County, Kenya. A total of 389 farmers were interviewed. The population of 417 farmers consisted of farmers with different forms of financing including economic stimulus, personal, and Sacco/group loans. A descriptive survey design was employed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data to achieve the objective of the study. Data was collected using guided interview schedules, key informant interviews, observation, and the use of periodicals, publications, and journals for secondary data. Data was summarised using pivot tables analysed using thematic analysis, percentages, mean, frequency distribution, chi-square and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the variables. The data was then presented using text, tables and graphs. It was established that capacity building and training on technical and post-harvest management skills was not effectively done by the extension officers at the initiation stage of the projects and subsequently during the project implementation. This led to a decline in the performance of farms and a high dropout rate of farmers. As a result, the objective of ESP as far as commercialisation of aquaculture farms was not achieved. The study recommends the development of aquaculture best production management practice and integrated farmer training program across the Constituency.
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Dash, A., P. Ananth, S. Singh, B. Banja, p. Sahoo, B. Pati, and P. Jayasankar. "Empirical Proof on B enefits of Integrated Farming System in Smallholder farms in Odisha." Current Agriculture Research Journal 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.3.1.09.
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Integrated farming system (IFS) is considered as one of the best option towards intensification of small holder farm income to ensure sustainable livelihood. Integration of resources is made through a combination of land, water and animal resources of a farm through careful planning including recycling of bio-resources. Governments and development agencies have designed projects/programmes in promoting IFS through demonstration of successful models and other means. Integration of resources is a process which involves great thought in investing in one of the resource combined and gaining benefits. This paper entails information on IFS adopted farms by analyzing three cases promoted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Khordha under ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture mandated to work on technology assessment, refinement and demonstration. All the IFS analyzed are pond based integrations involving crop-livestock and fish as major with minor integrations of enterprises like mushroom cultivation. The gross income of case 1 farmer was found to be Rs 5,19,600 from 0.8 ha in a pond based farming system followed by case 2 earning Rs 3,75,920 ( gross income) from an area of 1.872 ha crop based farming system and Rs 1, 50, 300 ( gross income) from an area of 0.8 ha crop based farming system adopting. The details of the case studies and economics are presented and these model farms play a great role in motivating nearby farmers in adoption of IFS. The study also concluded that adoption of IFS is profitable.
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Ntonga Akono, P., C. Tonga, O. E. Ngo Hondt, M. F. Peka Nsangou, R. Ngaha, G. Tamdem Magne, L. Youmbi Enga, et al. "Aggressive mosquito fauna and malaria transmission in a forest area targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex in the south of Cameroon." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 48, no. 3 (December 19, 2016): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2016.5930.
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Baseline entomological information should be collected before the implementation of industrial projects in malaria endemic areas. This allows for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the project impact on malaria vectors. This study aimed at assessing the vectorial system and malaria transmission in two ecologically different villages of the South-Cameroon forest bloc targeted for the creation of an agro-industrial complex. For four consecutive seasons in 2013, adult mosquitoes were captured using Human Landing Catch in NDELLE village (located along a main road in a degraded forest with many fish ponds) and KOMBO village (located 5km far from the main road in a darker forest and crossed by the Mvobo River). Morpho-taxonomic techniques were used alongside molecular techniques for the identification of mosquito species. ELISA test was used for the detection of circumsporozoite protein antigen of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Mosquito biting rate was higher in NDELLE than in KOMBO (28.18 <em>versus</em> 17.34 bites per person per night). Mosquitoes had a strong tendency to endophagy both in NDELLE (73.57%) and KOMBO (70.21%). Three anophelines species were identified; <em>An. gambiae</em>, <em>An. funestus</em> s.s and <em>An. moucheti</em> s.s.. <em>An. gambiae</em> and <em>An. funestus</em> s.s. represented the bulk of aggressive mosquitoes in NDELLE (n=10,891; 96.62%). <em>An. gambiae</em> was responsible for 62.6% and 77.72% of malaria transmission in KOMBO and NDELLE respectively. Mean entomological inoculation rate recorded in KOMBO and NDELLE were 4.82 and 2.02 infective bites per person per night respectively. Vector control was mainly based on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. The degraded forest environment added to the presence of fishponds resulted in the increase of aggressive mosquito density but not of malaria transmission. The managers should use these data for monitoring and evaluation of the impact of their project; malaria control strategies should be included in their project in order to mitigate the risk of increased malaria transmission as a result of the implementation of their projects.
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Oswald, W. J. "Ponds in the twenty-first century." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0446.
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Because they are economical reactors, properly designed ponds for waste management will grow in importance in the 21st Century. They will also be important for water and nutrient recycling and for animal feed production. Paddle wheel mixed algal growth ponds are not only a cost effective choice for wastewater oxidation but also are most efficient in fixing solar energy and in reclaiming water, nutrients, and energy from organic wastes. As the human population increases the amount of arable land will soon be less than one hectare per person and, at current world crop productivities of much less than 0.1 g/m2/d, one hectare of arable land per person will be insufficient to sustain a projected population of more than six billion by the year 2000. Because the amount of land is finite, the apparent solutions are to increase productivity and, ultimately, to attain a constant population. Microalgae in ponds can produce high protein biomass at a rate of 10 to 20 g/m2/d, productivities an order of magnitude greater than land crops. Algae can be combined with grains to produce valuable feed, which through poultry, animals, and fish can improve human nutrition. With improved human nutrition, financial security should increase and birth rates should decline; therefore, algaculture in ponds, together with conventional agriculture, can help reach a stable population and improve the quality of human life.
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Zhu, Wei Ping, and Fang Yi Li. "Scenario Analysis in Coastal Wetland Development: a Case Study in Xiangshan Bay." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3826.
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At present, coastal wetland in China is seriously affected by expansion of coastal cities and industrial areas. Xiangshan Bay of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province is a famous seafood production base, with a title of “Big Fish Pond” in East Sea. However, it have been facing serious problems, such as industrial pollution, marine eutrophication, and biological invasion. Recently, local government approved a number of industrial and tourism projects in order to improve economy. So it is forecasted with a rapid expansion of manufacturing and tourism in next 5~10 years. Combined with the planned projects, scenario analysis was conducted in this paper, so that we can inspect the effects of different scenarios. Potential Class (PC) and Sustainability Class (SC) were constructed based on the data of investigation and remote sensing image of 2009, as a tool to assess scenarios. PC is evaluation criterion of economic benefit and social benefit, while SC is of ecological benefit and environmental benefit. Among all scenarios, combination of agriculture and tourism in coastal wetlands is optimizing for Xiangshan Bay. According to the study, eco-tourism should be promoted and existing wetland agriculture should be ecologically improved. It is also necessary to restrict the secondary industry to ensure ecological protection and tourism growth.
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Wedyan, Moh’d, Ahmed El-Oqlah, Khalil Altif, and Khalid Khlifate. "The Dead Sea Ecosystem Influenced by Red Sea – Dead Sea Conduit Project (Peace Conduit)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0019.
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ABSTRACTRecently, the rapid drying out of the Dead Sea is one of the most challenging problems facing the scientists and governments of the region. Its level has dropped more than 20 m in the past decade. Massive precipitation of halite from the water column has led to a decrease in Na+concentration, concomitant with an increase in Mg2+, making the lake supersaturated with NaCl. This situation presents a big challenge to the microbial life of the lake. However, despite these harsh conditions in the lake, several microorganisms, including members of the groups bacteria, unicellular algae, fungi, viruses, and Archaea, have been able to survive.To understand the factors that affect the microbes in the Dead Sea and to predict the possible effects of the planned conveyance of Red Sea water to the Dead Sea, a series of experiments were performed in the field, as well as in the laboratory. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that the growth of the Dunaliella was possible only when Dead Sea water was diluted with a minimum of 10% (by volume) Red Sea water. Addition of phosphate was essential for the algae to grow and growth rates and yields increased with increasing phosphate concentration and decreasing salinity. Field experiments revealed that the growth of algae was rapidly followed by the development of dense blooms of red halophilic Archaea. Although it should be realized that the closed system formed by the shallow ponds differs from the conditions in the lake, the results suggest that a microbial bloom, once formed, can remain present in the Dead Sea for months to years. These observations are important when attempting to predict how the biological properties of the lake may change in the future and they have important implications for the planning of the Red Sea- Dead Sea conduit.The “Peace Conduit”, a water carrier between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea, has been proposed to prevent the drying out of the lake and to restore the water level to a desired elevation. The present simulation experiments were designed at the Al Hussein bin Talal University (AHU) field station atMa’an to get information on the ecological impacts of the Dead Sea when the “Peace Conduit” plans are implemented and massive quantities of Red Sea water will enter the Dead Sea and lower the salinity of the upper water layers.Preliminary analysis was carried out of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Polar lipid of Archaea and Bacteria collected from the experimental ponds containing different Dead Sea-Red Sea water ratios, in order to analyze how they affect the microbial communities of the ponds. The Archaea community changed significantly according to the water mixture, presenting the greatest diversity when 30% Red Sea water was added to Dead Sea water.
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Holmquist, Luke M., Andrew M. Ray, Betsy A. Bancroft, Nick Pinkham, and Molly A. H. Webb. "Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Woundfin Embryos and Larvae with Application to Conservation Propagation." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042013-jfwm-030.
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Abstract Endangered woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus embryos and larvae were exposed to artificial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to directly examine the effects on mortality. The experiment was part of a project assisting the Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program's efforts to increase hatchery production of this endangered fish. The UV-B radiation used in this experiment was administered in treatments of 0.060, 0.030, and 0.015 mW/cm2 to simulate 100, 50, and 25% of the ambient irradiance levels documented in outdoor tanks and living streams at Bubbling Ponds State Fish Hatchery, in Arizona. Embryos and larvae were exposed for 14.5 h followed by 9.5 h of darkness, in correspondence with the daylight hours at Bubbling Ponds. No embryos survived UV-B treatments; mortality among control (UV-B–free) treatments varied (5–100%) among females, indicating that there may be important parental effects that influence embryo mortality. Larval mortality was also 100% for individuals exposed to any of the three UV-B treatments. In contrast to embryo trials, larval mortality in UV-B–free treatments approached 20% for 2-d-old larvae. These experiments provide evidence that woundfin embryos and larvae are sensitive to even low levels of UV-B when exposed for 14.5 h. Susceptibility of larvae to UV-B also appears to be a function of age at exposure, with older larvae exhibiting significantly lower levels of mortality during the initial days of exposure. Experiments with UV-B mitigation strategies indicated that shade cloth, Aquashade®, and elevated dissolved organic carbon can aid in the attenuation of UV-B, and these strategies may assist hatchery managers in implementing UV-B mitigation measures during periods when woundfin are most susceptible.
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Chandanapalli, S. Babu, E. Sreenivasa Reddy, and D. Rajya Lakshmi Davuluri. "Efficient Design and Deployment of Aqua Monitoring Systems Using WSNs and Correlation Analysis." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2015.4.1514.
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<p>The roots of innovation are extending towards every field to provide ace solution. We cater an ace solution for aquaculture, where their yields (shrimp, fish, etc.) depends on the ponds water characteristics. The parameters depending on water must kept at certain optimal levels for better cultivation of Aqua. The parameters of water extremely project alterations during the day and also alter depending upon the environmental conditions i.e., it is necessary to monitor these parameters with high frequency. We adopt wireless sensor networks to monitor aqua forms. This system consists of two modules, they are transmitter and receiver station. We navigate data to database at receiver station through the GSM. The graphical user interface was designed in such a manner that the observations are forwarded to the farmer as message in their respective local languages to their mobile phones. That alerts them in unhygienic environmental conditions for adopting suitable measures.</p>
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Costa, Jesaias Ismael, Ana Lúcia Silva Gomes, Geraldo Bernardino, Omar Jorge Sabbag, and Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo Martins. "Productive performance and economic evaluation of tambaqui roelo in excavated fishponds, Manaus, Brazil." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 12, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i3.4895.
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Tambaqui is the most widely-cultivated native fish species in Brazil. Although most production
occurs in fish ponds, the species is also raised resevoirs, stream channels and net tanks. Despite its high
yield and productive potential, cultivation of this species is not always economically viable. Consequently, the
current study aimed to provide a technical and economic evaluation of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
production in the metropolitan region of Manaus. Eight projects were selected and, through a semi-structured
questionnaire, production phases, production cycles, management adopted, infrastructure used, productive
indexes and fiscal investment were analysed. Together this allowed total operational cost (TCO) and profitability
indicators to be calculated. Stocking density used influenced apparent feed conversion, specific growth
rate and final mean weight. Feed was the key item in the TOC, comprising 69.63%, followed by labor and
depreciation. Producers sell to: cold-store companies (R$ 4.10 kg-1), markets (R$ 7.30 kg-1), direct consumers
(R$ 10.00 kg-1), supermarkets (R$ 6.20 kg-1) and intermediates (R$ 5.50 kg-1). In general, the production of
tambaqui proved to be fiscally viable, with a profitability index higher than 20%, and success being strongly
related to the marketing channel used, sale price and price of feed.
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Tiogué, Claudine Tekounegning, Armand Bibou, Augustave Kenfack, and Joseph Tchoumboué. "Caractéristiques Socio-économiques et techniques des élevages piscicoles du Département du Mbam et Inoubou." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 983–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.26.
Full textAbstract:
Le but principal de cette étude dans le Département du Mbam et Inoubou de février à juin 2019 était de fournir des connaissances générales des élevages piscicoles pour l’amélioration de leurs rendements. Un questionnaire a donc été soumis à 40 pisciculteurs dans 7 des 9 Arrondissements du Département. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que : seulement 26,39% des 144 étangs dénombrés sont actifs. Les pisciculteurs sont à 95% des hommes de tranche d’âge majoritaire comprise entre 50 et 59 ans (40%) ; de profession dominante l’agriculture (37,50%). Bafia est l’ethnie majoritaire (47,50%) et le christianisme est le plus rependue (77,50%). Le niveau d’études est dominé par le supérieur (52,50%). La main d’oeuvre la plus utilisée est salariale. Les structures sont à 85% individuelles, et sont construites sur fonds personnels. Les structures sont à 95% à moins de 20 ans d’existence. La polyculture (Tilapia, silure, carpe, Kanga et Parachana) est pratiquée à 70% au sein des étangs en déblais (82,50%) de nappes phréatiques. Les silures sont les espèces les plus élevées (36,14%). Les alevins proviennent à 52,50% des projets et des centres d’alevinage. La fertilisation est pratiquée à 50%, l’aliment composé rentre à 35% dans l’alimentation et les producteurs sont tous orientés vers le grossissement. Le vol (60%) et les causes zootechniques (25%) constituent les contraintes classiques majeures que connait la pisciculture dans cette zone. Dans ce Département l’activité piscicole est encore pratiquée de manière artisanale. A l’avenir, l’état devrait accompagner les acteurs de cette activité par de multiples formations.Mots clés : Pisciculture, caractérisation, contraintes, Région du Centre, Cameroun.
English Title: Socio-economic and technical characteristics of fish farming in the Department of Mbam and InoubouThe main objective of this study in the Department of Mbam and Inoubou from February to June 2019 was to provide general knowledge of fish farms for the improvement of their yields. A questionnaire was therefore submitted to 40 fish farmers in 7 of the 9 Arrondissements of the Department. The results show that: only 26.39% of the 144 ponds counted are active. The fish farmers are 95% of men of majority age group between 50 and 59 years (40%); predominantly in agriculture (37.50%). Bafia is the majority ethnic group (47.50%) and Christianity is the most widespread (77.50%). The level of education is dominated by the superior (52.50%). The most used workforce is salary. The structures are 85% individual, and are built on personal funds. 95% of structures are less than 20 years old. Polyculture (Tilapia, catfish, common carp, kanga and viper fish) is practiced at 70% in excavated ponds (82.50%) of groundwater. Catfish are the most raised species (36.14%). 52.50% of the fingerlings come from projects and nursery centers. Fertilization is carried out at 50%, the compound feed returns to 35% in the feed and the producers are all oriented towards fattening. The flight (60%) and zootechnical causes (25%) constitute the major classic constraints experienced by fish farming in this area. It was concluded that the fish farming activity in this area is still artisanal. In the future, the state should support the players in this activity through multiple training.Keywords: Fish farming, characterization, constraints, Center Region, Cameroon.
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Noyes, Erik, and Richard Mandel. "Wefunder: Leading the Growth of a New Industry." Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515127419846627.
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In early 2018, Nick Tommarello could be proud of what he and his partners had accomplished. Their company, Wefunder, Inc., was the acknowledged leader in the equity crowdfunding industry, an industry that he and his partners were largely responsible for creating. Wefunder served as an online portal for crowdfunding investments and had raised more money for more companies than any of their competitors. Yet, Nick’s pride and satisfaction with these accomplishments were tempered by the knowledge that neither his company, nor the industry as a whole, had achieved the volume and size he had originally projected. Wefunder's careful vetting of the companies allowed to raise money on its site had created a reputation for quality, but the labor-intensiveness of this model was limiting the company's ability to scale up for growth. And the restrictive conditions imposed by federal law and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s regulations on equity crowdfunding seemed to prohibit models of doing business deemed essential for the growth of the industry as a whole. If these challenges could not be met, Wefunder might well end up as one of many fish competing in an unfortunately small pond.
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Dewi, I. Gusti Ayu Gangga Santi, and Bambang Eko Turisno. "Sustainable coastal reclamation for community welfare in Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, East Java." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v8i4.10832.
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Rapid population growth and the market expansion in various sectors in Bangkalan Regency have contributed to a rise in land demand. Therefore, the creations of new areas through land/coastal reclamation projects are taken place in this region. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to analyze the potential and benefits of reclamation in Bangkalan Regency. The study uses a socio-legal approach and is a field research with verstehen (hermeneutic) approach. Data were obtained from informants, especially residents who have benefited from reclaimed land, village apparatus, and related agencies. Data were analyzed using triangulation technique. The results of the study found that in Bangkalan Regency, tourism in reclaimed land involves coastal communities, including fishermen, to manage the area, and it can improve community welfare. Furthermore, reclaimed land is used to expand their current land for settlement and business, as well as for the development of natural resource conservation such as mangroves and fish ponds. Reclaimed land in Bangkalan Regency is used for tourist destinations and settlement areas for the communities with their business.
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Carolin Simorangkir, Rona Tumiur Mauli. "IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AQUAPONICS AT KELURAHAN KEMBANGAN SELATAN." ICCD 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol1.iss1.99.
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History proves that food security is closely related to social security, economic stability, political stability and national security or security. Therefore, one of Goal the National Medium Term Development Plans (RPJMN) for 2015-2019 is to realize economic independence by moving the strategic sectors of the domestic economy through increasing sovereignty / food security. Food security is closely related to improve the quality of Indonesian human resources. We hold community service in the area of South Kembangan, which has 9 Rukun Warga, but only 7 Rukun Warga are active in each activity. The total population in Kembangan Selatan Village are 30,169 people, consisting of 3,219 toddlers aged 0-4 years, 3,774 children aged between 5-9 years, 2,849 children aged between 10-15 years, 3,457 teenagers aged between 15- 19 years, 13,640 people aged 20-44 years, 3,230 people aged over 50 years. We chose urban area as our community service, where the people live in a house where the land area is not wide enough to grow crops in contrast to rural areas where the land is still large enough to grow crops. Not surprisingly, urban food needs are mostly produced from rural areas. Then how can each household use the limited land effectively, especially those who live in urban areas? In recent years Aquaponics technology has been introduced primarily so that people can use their yards effectively. Aquaponics combines aquaculture and hydroponics systems "that is, by utilizing organic waste fish farming as a source of nutrition in crop cultivation. Aquaponics continuously uses water sourced from ponds where water is raised for plants and then returned to fish ponds so that this forms a circulation. For this activity we conducted several trainings for the PKK activator groups in the Kembangan Selatan Village. We hope that these PKK drivers can apply Aquaponics technology in their respective regions. Training and aquaponics tools were made at the Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) park in South Kembangan. Our training on a number of topics: 1. Healthy, Independent and Prosperous Families, 2. Family Financial Management, 3. Family Food Security, 4. Aquaponics Training. The training conducted was an aquaponics technology pilot project for Kembangan Selatan Village. The purpose of this activity is establishing Food and Economy for each Household in the Kembangan Selatan Village.
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Harper, Ken C., Frank Harris, Steve J. Miller, John M. Thalhauser, and Scott D. Ayers. "Life History Traits of Adult Broad Whitefish and Humpback Whitefish." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022011-jfwm-011.
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Abstract Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus and humpback whitefish C. pidschian are important to the regional subsistence economy of the Kuskokwim River watershed, Alaska, where they and other whitefish constitute greater than half of the nonsalmon fish harvests. Harvest occurs year-round from lakes, ponds, and the mainstem by subsistence fishermen and through a limited number of commercial permits. Little is known about the life history (e.g., migration patterns) of these species, and subsistence fishers have raised concerns about declining body size and abundance. Project objectives were to 1) characterize annual movement patterns of mature broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 2) verify suspected spawning locations and locate new spawning locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 3) describe overwintering locations for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, 4) characterize age and length at maturity for broad whitefish and humpback whitefish, and 5) characterize the habitat of at least one humpback whitefish spawning area. During 2006–2009, we implanted radiotransmitters in 135 mature broad whitefish and 83 humpback whitefish and tracked movements in the Kuskokwim River drainage. We identified two mainstem spawning areas used by broad whitefish and three tributary spawning areas and one mainstem spawning area used by humpback whitefish. Broad whitefish continued to move into spawning areas under the ice and spawned in late October or early November. Humpback whitefish spawned in early October before the river froze over. Individuals of each species migrated as far as 800 river kilometers to spawning areas. Both species migrated downstream after spawning, overwintered in the mainstem Kuskokwim River, and exhibited fidelity to oxbow and tundra lake feeding areas in the summer. Consecutive year spawning was exhibited by individuals of both species and occurred more frequently in males than females for broad whitefish. The median age (5 y) of broad whitefish captured for radiotagging was younger than ages observed in samples collected from other broad whitefish populations in Alaska and Canada. Only mature humpback whitefish in spawning condition were found during October in suspected spawning areas in the Holitna and Swift rivers.
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Mustafa, Md Golam, Gopal Chandra Sarker, Shariff N. Anwar, Md Ahsanuzzaman, Sadequr Rahman, S. A. Azher, and Rathi Mahamud Morshed. "Analysis of Pond Fisheries in Climate Change Scenario in the Haor Region of Bangladesh." Advances in Research, August 21, 2019, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2019/v19i630144.
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Aims: To identify the potential environmental impacts and influence of climate change on the pond fishery in haor region and impact of exotic species on the indigenous species through aquaculture.
Study Design: An investigation on the influence of the pond fishery approach to determine whether the approach is successful with respect to the climate change impacts in the haor area.
Place and Duration of Study: The study sites are located in five haor districts in Bangladesh for a period of one-year (May 2018 – April 2019) covering HILIP working area.
Methodology: The study includes collection and analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data. For quantitative study, 92 sample households in 58 unions of 28 upazilas (sub-districts) in five project districts were randomly selected. Fish catch data, including information on species composition, production and sale were collected from perennial and seasonal ponds. The qualitative primary data obtained through in-depth interviews, key informants interviews and focus group discussions have been used in this paper.
Results: Fish production was found to be better at perennial ponds, but not significantly more than that in the seasonal ponds. However, biodiversity was found to be better in seasonal ponds and greater than that in the perennial ponds. The findings clearly support the observation that pond fish culture is an attractive activity for haor people, especially those who are able to run both perennial and seasonal ponds and manage minimum feeding requirements, maintain those and market the outputs effectively. The present study fills gaps in existing knowledge of fish pond culture diffusion in haor region of Bangladesh.
Conclusions: Pond fishery appears to perform better so, aquaculture production would mitigate some lost capture fisheries in the haor area of Bangladesh. Existing cultural practices could support experimentation and learning under future initiatives in the haor area. Pond fishery in the haor area mainly has an income-generating feature and less probability of being affected by climate change impacts. However, future initiatives should emphasize on culturing fish, which has the potential of balancing the haor ecosystem.
Aims: To identify the potential environmental impacts and influence of climate change on the pond fishery in haor region and impact of exotic species on the indigenous species through aquaculture.
Study Design: An investigation on the influence of the pond fishery approach to determine whether the approach is successful with respect to the climate change impacts in the haor area.
Place and Duration of Study: The study sites are located in five haor districts in Bangladesh for a period of one-year (May 2018 – April 2019) covering HILIP working area.
Methodology: The study includes collection and analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data. For quantitative study, 92 sample households in 58 unions of 28 upazilas (sub-districts) in five project districts were randomly selected. Fish catch data, including information on species composition, production and sale were collected from perennial and seasonal ponds. The qualitative primary data obtained through in-depth interviews, key informants interviews and focus group discussions have been used in this paper.
Results: Fish production was found to be better at perennial ponds, but not significantly more than that in the seasonal ponds. However, biodiversity was found to be better in seasonal ponds and greater than that in the perennial ponds. The findings clearly support the observation that pond fish culture is an attractive activity for haor people, especially those who are able to run both perennial and seasonal ponds and manage minimum feeding requirements, maintain those and market the outputs effectively. The present study fills gaps in existing knowledge of fish pond culture diffusion in haor region of Bangladesh.
Conclusions: Pond fishery appears to perform better so, aquaculture production would mitigate some lost capture fisheries in the haor area of Bangladesh. Existing cultural practices could support experimentation and learning under future initiatives in the haor area. Pond fishery in the haor area mainly has an income-generating feature and less probability of being affected by climate change impacts. However, future initiatives should emphasize on culturing fish, which has the potential of balancing the haor ecosystem.
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Das, Ganesh, F. H. Rahman, Sankar Saha, Sandip Hembram, Sujan Biswas, Samima Sultana, Suraj Sarkar, et al. "Pond Renovation for Harvesting and Recycling of Rain Water: An Experimental Trial in Sub Himalayan Terai Region of India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, June 30, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i530403.
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Sub Himalayan Terai region of India falls under heavy rainfall zone and significant amount of rainfall occurs during Kharif season. Whereas in rabi season farmers struggle to cultivated crops due to shortage of water following minimum to no rainfall. To overcome the difficulty, Krishi Vigyan Kendra of this region had taken a initiative in the year 2011 to conserve rain water by renovating ponds so as to harvest and recycle the rain water under the project ‘National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture’ (NICRA). Information on different aspect of livelihood status of farmers was collected from Khagribari village, Cooch Behar, West Bengal before and after renovating of the pond. Information collected before initiation and after implementation of the NICRA programme was statistically analyzed separately for pond owners and adjacent farmers to find out whether pond renovation programme has any significant effect in changing the livelihood status of pond owner and adjacent farmers. It is found from the study that renovation of pond had significantly impact on increasing potato, wheat and fish production and farmers net income generation.
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"Automatic Fish Feeder System for Aquaponics using Wi-Fi Based WSN." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b3685.038620.
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Aquaponics is a farming method, which is the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics, which grows fish and plants together in one integrated system. The fish waste provides an organic food source for the plants, and the plants naturally filter the water for the fish. The purpose of this project is to build an automatic fish feeder system for aquaponics using image processing technique with the help of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). This helps the farmers to reduce manual effort and safeguard a balanced food delivery. The number of fish in the pond may vary over time, so the amount of fish feed provided need to be changed. As there will be a large number of fish moving randomly in a pond, the manual tracking and counting of fish is very difficult. It is a time consuming and erroneous process. This work focuses on developing a system that tracks and counts the fish in the pond for aquaponics. This automatic fish identification system processes the video of the entire pond and makes it easier to estimate the count of fish. The frames from the video are processed using Raspberry-Pi board and the count of fish is transmitted through Wi-Fi. Such a system would assist to feed the fish accordingly. Based on the count transferred, a fish feeder mechanism is controlled using NodeMCU at the other end of the Wi-Fi. The amount of fish feed remaining in the feeding box is informed to the user through mobile application.
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Lastauskienė, Eglė, Vaidotas Valskys, Jonita Stankevičiūtė, Virginija Kalcienė, Vilmantas Gėgžna, Justinas Kavoliūnas, Modestas Ružauskas, and Julija Armalytė. "The Impact of Intensive Fish Farming on Pond Sediment Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Composition." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (May 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.673756.
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Aquaculture is a fast-growing animal food sector, and freshwater fish farming is particularly common in Central and Eastern Europe. As the biodiversity of fishery ponds is changed toward fulfilling the industrial needs, precautions should be taken to keep the system sustainable and protect the adjacent environment from possible damage. Due to risk of infectious diseases, antibiotics are used in aquaculture production systems. The constant exposure to antimicrobials can contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture products and the adjacent ecosystems, with possibility of dissemination to the wider environment as well as between animals and humans. Even though previous studies have found antibiotic resistance genes in the sediments and water of farming ponds, the tendency and direction of spreading is not clear yet. The objective of this project was to evaluate the influence of intensive fish farming on the condition of water bodies used for the aquaculture and the environment, concentrating on the impact of the aquaculture on the surrounding water ecosystems as well as the possibility of transferring the pollutants and antibiotic resistance genes to both environment and the human hosts. Combined measurement of antibiotic and heavy metal contamination, toxicity assessment, microorganism diversity, and the detection of common antibiotic resistance genes was performed in the sediments of one fishery farm ponds as well as sampling points upstream and downstream. All the tested sediment samples did not show significantly elevated heavy metal concentrations and no substantial veterinary antibiotic pollution. From the antibiotic resistance genes tested, the presence of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance determinants as well as the presence of integrons could be of concern for the possibility of transfer to humans. However, despite the lack of heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, the sediments showed toxicity, the cause of which should be explored more.
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NANTAPORN, Surawit, Ratchanee PIWPONG, Supaporn KONGPROM, Thanyaporn CHATHOUAN, Sirinant CHANNAK, Pavadee CHUAICHAROEN, Nopporn KURUSTIEN, et al. "Development of a Participatory Health Care Model for Farmers and Stakeholders Involved in Snakeskin Gourami Fish Farming in Bang Bo District, Samutprakarn Provinces, Thailand." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 18, no. 3 (January 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.6963.
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The present study was based on a participatory action research (PAR) design with the objectives of developing a participatory health care model for farmers and stakeholders involved in snakeskin gourami fish farming in Bang Bo District. The study was conducted from May 1, 2017 - April 30, 2018. The sample was composed of 85 people who were fish farmers, fish pond owners, and fish farming laborers involved in the processing and distribution of snakeskin gourami, 35 VHVs (village health volunteers), 1 registered nurse, and 1 administrator of a Tambon Health Promoting Hospital (THPH) for a total of 122 subjects. The PAR process involved 3 stages: Stage 1- Situation Analysis, Stage 2 - Participatory Action Research Process, and Stage 3 - Outcome Evaluation. The findings revealed 2 types of health problems: 1) work-related problems: incorrect work behaviors such as lifting heavy objects 1 - 5 times per day, repetitive work postures/positions causing aching bones and muscles and working fast to obtain large amounts and finish in time until work-related accidents occur such as knife cuts, pricked fingers from fish fins and slips/fallsand 2) Risks and illnesses caused by chronic disease. The synthesis of the participatory health care model disclosed that the health care activities covered 4 dimensions, encompassing health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, and recovery. The sample had a high level of satisfaction in the organization of the project at a mean of 4.40 of 5 points.
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Ogbonna, Onyinyechi I., Elizabeth A. Onwubuya, Oluwole M. Akinnagbe, and Juliana C. Iwuchukwu. "Evaluating effectiveness and constraints of private sector agricultural extension services of the Green River Project in Imo and Rivers States, Nigeria." African Evaluation Journal 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aej.v4i1.118.
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Background: Oil exploration operations decreased the cultivable lands of rural people in the study area, leading to the establishment of the Green River Project (GRP). This study assessed the effectiveness and constraints of private sector extension services of GRP in Imo and Rivers States, Nigeria. Objectives: To analyse the roles and effectiveness of, as well as constraints to, the GRP in the area. Method: A multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, chi square and t-test were used to analyse the data. Results: Roles of GRP in farming technologies dissemination included training of farmers on fish pond construction technique and maintenance of good pH levels. There was significant improvement in standard of living (X2 = 15.7; p ≤ 0.05) and size of production (t = 6.398; p ≤ 0.05) of the respondents after participation. In terms of the effectiveness of private sector deliveries on public policies, the programme had effect on beneficiaries’ access to credit, education of wards and poverty reduction. But it is worthy to note that the observed changes may not have been solely caused by the GRP, given that there could be many other factors affecting fish farming, either positively or negatively. Serious implementation constraints to effective performance of GRP included organisational, input and sustainability constraints. Conclusion: It was recommended that there should be timely provision of sufficient inputs to farmers and measures to improve organisation of private sector extension services in the area in order to enhance development.
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Bacela-Spychalska, Karolina, Annette Taugbøl, Wiesław Babik, Maciej Pabijan, David Strand, Trude Vralstad, Katarzyna Janik-Superson, et al. "The ecology of ponds in the context of human activity and geography – environmental DNA and beyond." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 4 (March 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aca.4.e64950.
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Pond ecosystems are hotspots of freshwater biodiversity, often containing many rare and protected species that are not commonly found elsewhere (Harper et al. 2018;Harper et al. 2019). However, even if they constitute c.a. 30% of freshwaters by area, still not enough effort has been put into pond monitoring and management and pond ecosystems are hence relatively poorly understood. Results of ECOPOND project will lead to add valuable knowledge upon pond diversity in geographic gradient taking for consideration human impact by comparing rural and urban areas. The sample design in ECOPOND includes six geographic regions, spanning from the south of Poland to the middle of Norway, where we will sample five replicates of urban and rural ponds in close geographic proximity, making it possible to test the impact of urbanization on biodiversity and biotic homogenization across latitude. We will sample all ponds at spring and late summer, making it possible to assess also seasonality in biodiversity. ECOPOND will utilize environmental DNA and RNA to perform biodiversity screening. The extracted eDNA and eRNA fragments will be amplified with the use of several selected markers for vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi and bacteria. Comparisons between eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding are hypothesized to allow inference between present and past diversity, as eRNA is thought to be only available from live organisms in the community. Moreover, ECOPOND aims at testing the effects of selected invasives species that can have on whole ecosystems. By sampling a range of biotic and abiotic parameters describing studied ponds, we will incorporate the available data for the ponds and employ occupancy modelling methods to assess the habitat preferences of selected invasive alien species. Then we will develop a method that can contribute towards an earlywarning system of evaluating threats to ecosystem status. One of the focus species will be the parasitic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), an infectious fungal pathogen that has caused a number of amphibian declines and extinctions. The European amphibians seem less affected by the parasite at present. However, the fungi could be a direct driver of reduced genetic variation due to selection, or directly reduce the infected amphibian’s overall fitness by reducing the microbiotic diversity on their skin, which in many cases acts as a second immune system. ECOPOND will therefore provide data on genomic variation (using RADseq) for two amphibian species: the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) and the common toad (Bufo bufo). We will investigate populations of these species inhabiting ponds that are infected and not infected by Bd as well as collect data on their skin microbes (identified using metabarcoding). We will also contrast the genomic diversity between the replicated urban/rural setup and look for repeatable genomic changes. This setup will also be compared for the genomic variation for a potential native prey, the blue-tailed dragonfly, as will ponds with and without fish and/or amphibians (possibly also comparing between native and IAS top-predators) in order to look for predatory selective sweeps in the genome and transcriptome (experimental setup). All ponds will also be analyzed for over 20 water quality parameters and include data on a range of site characteristics that will be used as explanatory variables in all models. ECOPOND will compare large datasets across large geographic regions and will provide detailed knowledge of biodiversity patterns in vertebrates, invertebrates, fungal and microbial species, as well as genomic composition and skin biodiversity for animals inhabiting the same ponds set in an urban context. As a total, ECOPOND will obtain data on the location and status of biodiversity interests, gather data that can help in preventing the establishment of invasive alien species, and eradicating or controlling species that have already become established. And finally, ECOPOND will work closely with stakeholders and develop statistical techniques that can be used for monitoring, detection and protection of biodiversity.
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Shkura, Vl N., and A. V. Shevchenko. "TWO-POND FEEDING NURSERY FISH BREEDING COMPLEX." Ecology and water management, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31774/2658-7890-2020-4-83-99.
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Purpose: development and description of the layout and design solution for a two-pond feeding nursery fish-breeding complex, which characterizes by compact placement of its constituent structures and their adaptation to the topographic conditions of the territory. Materials and methods. The theoretical and empirical basis for the development was made up of well-known recommendations on design and construction of pond complexes and survey data of operating fish-breeding facilities and their structures. During the development, the technologies of search design of engineering projects in compliance with fish breeding requirements and restrictions were used. Results. The fish-breeding complex includes: two fish-breeding ponds with a common dividing dam and a water supply system including a pumping station; water supply pipe system; a system of devices and structures that ensure the release of fish grown in ponds into a fish trap; spillway devices for discharging water from ponds and a fish trap with a set of regulating elements. Fish ponds are located on the floodplain lands of the river Don and are formed by protecting dikes. The bed of the reservoirs is planned with sections with longitudinal and transverse slopes to the water-fish collecting and-transporting ditches arranged in their bottom, allowing them to be emptied and the fish grown in the ponds to be directed to the outlet structures. The release of fish from the ponds is carried out by two tower water outlets. The design of the fish trap provides for the accumulation and seine fishing, it is equipped with means for regulating water discharge and maintaining conditions for fish. Conclusions. The developed layout and design solution for a two-pond fish-breeding complex with one fish trap is adapted to the local relief and the difference in water levels in ponds and in water intake. The implemented layout and design solutions can be used in the development of similar objects