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1
Enders, Eva C., Colin Charles, Douglas A. Watkinson, Colin Kovachik, Douglas R. Leroux, Henry Hansen, and Mark A. Pegg. "Analysing Habitat Connectivity and Home Ranges of Bigmouth Buffalo and Channel Catfish Using a Large-Scale Acoustic Receiver Network." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113051.
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The determination if fish movement of potadromous species is impeded in a river system is often difficult, particularly when timing and extent of movements are unknown. Furthermore, evaluating river connectivity poses additional challenges. Here, we used large-scale, long-term fish movement to study and identify anthropogenic barriers to movements in the Lake Winnipeg basin including the Red, Winnipeg, and Assiniboine rivers. In the frame of the project, 80 Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) and 161 Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were tagged with acoustic transmitters. Individual fish were detected with an acoustic telemetry network. Movements were subsequently analyzed using a continuous-time Markov model (CTMM). The study demonstrated large home ranges in the Lake Winnipeg basin and evidence of frequent transborder movements between Canada and the United States. The study also highlighted successful downstream fish passage at some barriers, whereas some barriers limited or completely blocked upstream movement. This biological knowledge on fish movements in the Lake Winnipeg basin highlights the need for fish passage solutions at different obstructions.
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Mauguit, Q., D. Olivier, N. Vandewalle, and P. Vandewalle. "Ontogeny of swimming movements in bronze corydoras (Corydoras aeneus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 4 (April 2010): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-012.
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Fish larvae experience fundamental morphological, physiological, and physical changes from hatching to adulthood. All of these changes have an effect on the locomotor movements observed in the larvae. We describe the development of swimming movements in larval bronze corydoras ( Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858); Ostariophysi, Siluriformes) during their ontogeny. Swimming movements of adults and larvae, aged 0–512 h posthatching, were recorded at 500 frames/s. Movements were analyzed by digitizing points along the fish midline. Movements are described by direct (swimming speed and amplitude of landmarks) and indirect (r2mean and CV of r2 as movement coordination indices; Strouhal number as an efficiency index) parameters. The increase in swimming speed correlated with improvement of movement coordination in both larvae and adults, as well as with an increase in swimming efficiency in larvae. Directly after hatching, swimming movements were coordinated but were not efficient. Efficiency increased rapidly with fish growth up to 8 mm total fish length and disappearance of the yolk sac. These events were coupled with reduction of the maximal lateral amplitude observed along the whole body during swimming. The anguilliform swimming mode was used at hatching, but a transition to the carangiform mode was observed at approximately 17 mm total fish length.
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Schrank, Amy J., and Frank J. Rahel. "Movement patterns in inland cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah): management and conservation implications." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-097.
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Knowledge of movement patterns is critical to the management and conservation of inland salmonids. We studied the movements of Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah) in a drainage in western Wyoming, USA. Our objectives were to (i) characterize the postspawning movement patterns of adult Bonneville cutthroat trout, (ii) contrast postspawning and summer movement patterns, and (iii) identify factors that disrupt the movements of Bonneville cutthroat trout. Our data showed that postspawning movements of Bonneville cutthroat trout formed a continuum, with fish moving from 0.5 to 82.0 km. Postspawning distance was positively related to fish length. Despite the wide range of movement observed during the spring, fish did not move more than 0.5 km during the summer. A road culvert and an irrigation diversion dam did not seem to pose barriers to the upstream movement of Bonneville cutthroat trout to headwater spawning areas in the spring. However, 23% of radio-tagged fish in 2000 moved into the irrigation diversion ditch as they moved downstream after spawning and subsequently died there. Maintaining drainage connectivity is an important conservation concern for trout populations such as this one, where fish move between complementary spawning and summer habitats.
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Chateau, Olivier, and Laurent Wantiez. "Movement patterns of four coral reef fish species in a fragmented habitat in New Caledonia: implications for the design of marine protected area networks." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 1 (October 9, 2008): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn165.
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Abstract Chateau, O., and Wantiez, L. 2009. Movement patterns of four coral reef fish species in a fragmented habitat in New Caledonia: implications for the design of marine protected area networks. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 50–55. Acoustic telemetry was used to examine the patterns of fish movements between a marine reserve and two unprotected reefs separated by large areas of lagoon soft bottoms (900–2000 m) in the South Lagoon Marine Park of New Caledonia. Four commercial fish species (Epinephelus maculatus, Plectropomus leopardus, Chlorurus microrhinos, and Scarus ghobban) were studied for 17 months (45 fish). Nine fish (20%) were detected on reefs other than the reef onto which they were released. Four patterns of inter-reef movement were identified during the survey, including home range relocations, movements larger than the scale of the study, many inter-reef movements within the study area, and punctual excursions outside the daily home range. The information gathered in this study demonstrates the ability of the fish to carry out medium-scale movements in a fragmented habitat. Consequently, the effectiveness of the reserve to protect the entire population is probably limited for these species. Because all the identified patterns implied at least one movement across the reserve boundaries, our results support the hypothesis that the Larégnère Marine Reserve, part of the South Lagoon Marine Park, could benefit the adjacent fished area through spillover.
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Eiler, John H., Thomas M. Grothues, Joseph A. Dobarro, and Rahul Shome. "Tracking the Movements of Juvenile Chinook Salmon using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle under Payload Control." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122516.
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An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) under payload control (PC) was used to map the movements of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) tagged with acoustic transmitters. After detecting a tag, the AUV deviated from its pre-programmed route and performed a maneuver designed to enhance the location estimate of the fish and to move closer to collect proximal environmental data. Nineteen fish were released into marine waters of southeastern Alaska. Seven missions with concurrent AUV and vessel-based surveys were conducted with two to nine fish present in the area per mission. The AUV was able to repeatedly detect and estimate the location of the fish, even when multiple individuals were present. Although less effective at detecting the fish, location estimates from the vessel-based surveys helped verify the veracity of the AUV data. All of the fish left the area within 48 h of release. Most fish exhibited localized movements (milling behavior) before leaving the area. Dispersal rates calculated for the fish suggest that error associated with the location estimates was minimal. The average movement rate was 0.62 body length per second and was comparable to marine movement rates reported for other Chinook salmon stocks. These results suggest that AUV-based payload control can provide an effective method for mapping the movements of marine fish.
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Young, Michael K. "Generation-scale movement patterns of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) in a stream network." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 5 (May 2011): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-023.
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Movements by stream fishes have long been the subject of study and controversy. Although much discussion has focused on what proportion of fish adopt mobility within particular life stages, a larger issue involves the lifetime movements of individuals. I evaluated movements of different sizes and ages of Colorado River cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus ) using a variety of sampling methods from 1996 to 2001 in a 40 km network of main-stem and tributary segments of the North Fork Little Snake River, Wyoming, USA. The probability of movement was related to the period of observation, initial location, and possibly individual growth rate, whereas distance moved was related to fish size and initial location. Furthermore, it appeared that movements by juveniles were mostly downstream, whereas those of older fish were largely upstream. Movement of cutthroat trout in this basin appeared to be driven by ontogenetic changes in habitat use and variation in habitat productivity. Given that this stream network exemplifies the complexity typical of many mountain watersheds, movement as a life history tactic in fishes may be more common than is sometimes recognized.
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Gagen, Charles J., William E. Sharpe, and Robert F. Carline. "Downstream Movement and Mortality of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Exposed to Acidic Episodes in Streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-162.
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Episodes of low pH and high Al concentration were associated with net downstream movement and increased mortality of ratio-tagged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We compared movements of 10–15 brook trout in two streams with severe acidic episodes with movements of fish in two streams with less severe acidic episodes (reference streams). Study populations moved downstream hundreds of metres in the streams with more severe acidic episodes (pH <5.0 and >200 μg Al/L). Median downstream movement in spring was 250 and 900 m after 20 d for fish in the more acidic streams; one third of the fish were found dead during this time. We found no net movement and no dead fish in the reference streams. Lower stream discharge in fall studies was associated with less severe acidic episodes, less net movement, and no mortality. Water samples collected at individual fish locations indicated that few fish avoided adverse effects of acidic episodes by remaining in microhabitats with higher pH and lower Al concentration.
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Kennedy, James, Sigurður Þ. Jónsson, Jacob M. Kasper, and Halldór G. Ólafsson. "Movements of female lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) around Iceland." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (October 3, 2014): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu170.
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Abstract Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) migrate from their offshore feeding areas to the coastal areas of Iceland during March and April where they remain for several months before spawning. Their movements during this time are poorly documented. Using the results of an extensive tag-recapture study (the largest documented for lumpfish) which took place between 2008 and 2014, the movement of female lumpfish around Iceland was investigated and the implications for fisheries management were considered. Of 9710 female fish tagged, 880 were recaptured and 82 of these were recaptured after more than 250 days at liberty (DAL). There was a negative relationship between length at tagging and recapture rate indicating that between 2008 and 2014, the fishery was selecting for smaller fish. Lumpfish showed extensive movements with fish tagged in coastal areas being recaptured up to 587 km from their tagging location and were capable of swimming up to 49 km day−1. Fish were most frequently caught in the area in which they were tagged; however, movement between areas was common. There were indications of homing behaviour with 75% of the fish, which were recaptured after 250 DAL, caught within 80 km of their tagging location. Fish which were tagged offshore before the fishing season showed no clear pattern of where they would be recaptured. These extensive movements and homing behaviour are discussed in the context of the management of the lumpfish fishery.
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Åkesson, Susanne. "Tracking fish movements in the ocean." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 2 (February 2002): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02418-1.
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Adams, Aaron. "Tracking Fish Movements to Inform Conservation." Fisheries 42, no. 8 (August 3, 2017): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2017.1342474.
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Hartill, B. W., M. A. Morrison, M. D. Smith, J. Boubée, and D. M. Parsons. "Diurnal and tidal movements of snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae) in an estuarine environment." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02095.
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Using individually coded acoustic transponders and an array of 15 moored receivers (detection range ~300 m), the temporal and spatial movements of the temperate snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) were studied within an estuary. Of the 28 fish initially tagged, 20 were subsequently detected within the study area for up to 70 days. The spatial scale of daily movements was in the order of hundreds of metres for most fish, suggesting relatively restricted home ranges over the period monitored (November–January). The detectability of fish remaining in the estuary was lower at night, probably because of fish moving out of the main channel and onto surrounding shallow banks during darkness. Temporal movement patterns detected using spectral analyses (Fast Fourier Transforms) were predominantly diurnal, with subordinate tidal behaviour also evident in some fish. These results demonstrate that in this system, snapper occupy relatively small (hundreds of metres) and discrete areas of soft sediment seafloor, within which repeated, predictable movements are made. Variability among fish has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the relationship between fish behaviour and fine-scale habitat features (metres).
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Nakayama, Shinnosuke, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Rufus A. Johnstone, and Andrea Manica. "Who directs group movement? Leader effort versus follower preference in stickleback fish of different personality." Biology Letters 12, no. 5 (May 2016): 20160207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0207.
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During collective movement, bolder individuals often emerge as leaders. Here, we investigate whether this reflects a greater propensity of bold individuals to initiate movement, or a preference for shy individuals to follow a bolder leader. We set up trios of stickleback fish comprising a focal individual who was either bold or shy, and one other individual of each personality. We then recorded the movements of all individuals in and out of cover in a foraging context to determine how assiduously the focal fish followed the movements of each other partner. We found that a shy focal fish preferred to follow a leader whose personality matched its own, but we did not detect such a difference in bold fish. Despite this preference, however, the greater propensity of bold individuals to initiate movements out of cover meant that they successfully led more joint trips. Thus, when offered a choice of leaders, sticklebacks prefer to follow individuals whose personality matches their own, but bolder individuals may, nevertheless, be able to impose their leadership, even among shy followers, simply through greater effort.
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Noatch, Matthew R., and Cory D. Suski. "Non-physical barriers to deter fish movements." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-001.
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Anthropogenic modifications to aquatic ecosystems have altered connecting pathways within, and in some cases, between watersheds. Human structures, such as hydroelectric facilities, often impede fish migrations and may inflict heavy mortality on fish that become impinged or entrained. Conversely, an increase in connectivity between two waterways (e.g., through the construction of shipping canals, increased boat traffic) often results in an elevated risk of invasive species introductions. Non-physical barriers, which obstruct fish from an undesirable location without influencing the waterway, are one management approach to protecting valuable fish stocks and deterring biological invasions. Because many methods of behavioral deterrence have been employed against fish, there is a need to summarize and compare existing and developing technologies. This review details the use and application of electrical, visual, acoustic, chemical, and hydrological deterrence techniques that may be used to prevent fish movements. Site requirements are discussed, and a critical assessment of benefits and limitations to each technique are given. Because no single method of fish deterrence is “one size fits all”, this review to non-physical fish barrier technology will benefit managers and researchers attempting to develop a best-fit strategy on a case-by-case basis.
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Landry, Justin J., Steve T. Kessel, Montana F. McLean, Silviya V. Ivanova, Nigel E. Hussey, Caitlin O’Neill, Svein Vagle, Terry A. Dick, and Aaron T. Fisk. "Movement types of an Arctic benthic fish, shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), during open-water periods in response to biotic and abiotic factors." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 4 (April 2019): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0389.
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Shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) are among the most numerous consumers in the Arctic nearshore marine habitats. Despite this, little is known about their movement ecology or predator–prey interactions, particularly with Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), an important forage fish in the Arctic. Using acoustic telemetry, the movements of tagged sculpin and cod were quantified based on specific locations using a Vemco positioning system during open water when both species were present in the near shore. Movement trajectories of sculpin distinguish three unique types: foraging and feeding behaviour and large transiting movements. The relative time of each of these movement types were correlated to biotic (presence of large numbers of acoustically tagged Arctic cod) and abiotic factors (percent ice coverage and temperature). This study provides unique data on the movement, feeding ecology, and behaviour of an abundant Arctic benthic fish that demonstrates similar movement types to temperate fish. However, further study is needed to quantify specifically the trophic interactions of these important fish and impact on food webs in the rapidly changing Arctic.
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Werkman, M., DM Green, LA Munro, AG Murray, and JF Turnbull. "Seasonality and heterogeneity of live fish movements in Scottish fish farms." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 96, no. 1 (August 29, 2011): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02382.
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Hays, Graeme C., Thomas Bastian, Thomas K. Doyle, Sabrina Fossette, Adrian C. Gleiss, Michael B. Gravenor, Victoria J. Hobson, et al. "High activity and Lévy searches: jellyfish can search the water column like fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1728 (July 13, 2011): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0978.
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Over-fishing may lead to a decrease in fish abundance and a proliferation of jellyfish. Active movements and prey search might be thought to provide a competitive advantage for fish, but here we use data-loggers to show that the frequently occurring coastal jellyfish ( Rhizostoma octopus ) does not simply passively drift to encounter prey. Jellyfish (327 days of data from 25 jellyfish with depth collected every 1 min) showed very dynamic vertical movements, with their integrated vertical movement averaging 619.2 m d −1 , more than 60 times the water depth where they were tagged. The majority of movement patterns were best approximated by exponential models describing normal random walks. However, jellyfish also showed switching behaviour from exponential patterns to patterns best fitted by a truncated Lévy distribution with exponents (mean μ = 1.96, range 1.2–2.9) close to the theoretical optimum for searching for sparse prey ( μ opt ≈ 2.0). Complex movements in these ‘simple’ animals may help jellyfish to compete effectively with fish for plankton prey, which may enhance their ability to increase in dominance in perturbed ocean systems.
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Lyon, Jarod, Ivor Stuart, David Ramsey, and Justin O'Mahony. "The effect of water level on lateral movements of fish between river and off-channel habitats and implications for management." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 3 (2010): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08246.
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Off-channel habitats, such as wetlands and backwaters, are important for the productivity of river systems and for many species of native fish. This study aimed to investigate the fish community, timing and cues that stimulated movement to and from off-channel habitats in the highly regulated Lake Hume to Lake Mulwala reach of the Murray River, south-eastern Australia. In 2004–05, 193 712 fish were collected moving bi-directionally between a 50-km section of the Murray River and several off-channel habitats. Lateral fish movements approximated water level fluctuations. Generally as water levels rose, fish left the main river channel and moved into newly flooded off-channel habitats; there was bi-directional movement as water levels peaked; on falling levels fish moved back to the permanent riverine habitats. Fish previously classified as ‘wetland specialists’, such as carp gudgeons (Hypseleotris spp.), have a more flexible movement and life-history strategy including riverine habitation. The high degree of lateral movement indicates the importance of habitat connectivity for the small-bodied fish community. Wetlands adjacent to the Murray River are becoming increasingly regulated by small weirs and ensuring lateral fish movement will be important in maintaining riverine-wetland biodiversity.
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Kahler, Thomas H., Philip Roni, and Thomas P. Quinn. "Summer movement and growth of juvenile anadromous salmonids in small western Washington streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-134.
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Movements of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied by observations and recapture of marked individuals in three western Washington streams to test the hypotheses that few fish would move, downstream movement would predominate, movers would be initially smaller and grow slower after movement than residents, and habitat quality would influence movement. Contrary to predictions, from 28 to 60% of marked fish moved at least one habitat unit, and immigration of unmarked fish also indicated considerable movement. Upstream movement predominated but the stream with the step-pool/cascade channel type had fewer upstream movers and greater distances moved downstream. Coho movers were not smaller than nonmovers, as predicted based on assumptions that movement results from competitive exclusion. Habitat units that coho left were smaller and shallower but lower in density than units where coho remained. Thus, movement is a common phenomenon rather than an aberration, and may reflect habitat choice rather than territorial eviction. Moreover, movers grew faster than nonmovers, so the "mobile fraction" of the population was not composed of competitively inferior fish but rather individuals that thrived. The phenomenon of small-scale habitat- and growth-related movements should be considered when planning and interpreting studies of juvenile salmonid ecology in streams.
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Lester, RJG. "Reappraisal of the use of parasites for fish stock identification." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900855.
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Analysis of the geographical distributions of parasites is an excellent source of information about the movement of host fish. Occasionally such analysis can also allow us to discriminate between fish populations, though unequivocal discrimination usually requires methods with a genetic basis. In assessing fish movement, parasites have two advantages over conventional tags: they can more readily detect mass migration and, because the fish only have to be caught once, the data are usually cheaper to obtain. The most important criterion in selecting a parasite to be used as a tag is its longevity in the fish; short-lived parasites give information on short-term movements of the fish, long-lived parasites on more extensive migrations.
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Taylor, Mark K., and Steven J. Cooke. "Meta-analyses of the effects of river flow on fish movement and activity." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 4 (December 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-009.
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Estimating the timing and magnitude of fish movements relative to environmental factors can provide insight into why fishes behave as they do. To make broad-level inferences about fish movement in lotic environments, we conducted random-effects meta-analyses on the effects of river flow magnitude on (i) non-migratory movements, (ii) upstream migratory movements, (iii) downstream migratory movements, and (iv) fine-scale activity. We found a significant positive effect of river discharge on non-migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = 0.41 (mean) ± 0.07 (SE), Z = 6.06, p < 0.01, k (sample size) = 27); fishes made larger and (or) more frequent movements during periods of elevated discharge. Furthermore, non-salmonids were more affected by river flow than salmonids. River discharge also had a significant positive effect on the rate, frequency, and probability of upstream migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = 0.23 ± 0.10, Z = 2.24, p < 0.05, k = 8). However, the effect of discharge on the rate of downstream migratory movements ([Formula: see text] = –0.05 ± 0.15, Z = –0.35, p > 0.05, k = 5) and fine-scale activity ([Formula: see text] = 0.01 ± 0.11, Z = 0.08, p > 0.05, k = 5) were not significant. Heterogeneity of effect sizes was evident in all meta-analyses as well as inclusion and (or) publication bias. Collectively, our meta-analyses suggested that changes to a river’s flow regime can modulate non-migratory fish behaviour, the consequences of which need to be explored in terms of habitat use and energy budgets. However, more studies are needed to examine potential effect modifiers and improve sample sizes overall.
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Koop, J. H., and R. N. Gibson. "Distribution and movements of intertidal butterfish Pholis gunnellus." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 1 (February 1991): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037449.
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The distribution and movements of intertidal butterfish Pholisgunnellus were studied on the westcoast of Scotland in relation to the foraging tactics of one of its major predators, the otter. Fish were individually tagged and released at low tide in restricted areas of 5 m wide running from the top of the shore towards the sea. Population density increased from 015 fish m" at the top of the shore to 1–1 fish nv in the Laminaria zone. The median total length of all fish examined was 92 mm (N=369) with a very distinct length class of 70–80 mm. There was no relationship between length and position on the shore. Only 24 out of 156 tagged fish were recaptured inside the restricted areas. The recaptured fish had moved a mean of 21 m (SD 1–9 m) in 1–6 days (SD 1–0 days), the directions of movement being randomly distributed. Repopulation rates were studied by removing all fish from three areas of approximately 180 m each. Fish of the same size moved into the cleared areas within two tidal cycles although in much smaller numbers (only 27–52% of the initial populations). Disturbance of the habitat probably played an important role because there was a general decline in numbers in regularly visited areas throughout the experiments. It is concluded that, even allowing for this disturbance intertidal butterfish are mobile and relatively unrestricted in their movements. From the point of view of predators like the otter and the heron, more butterfish are to be caught lower down the shore and each butterfish caught will soon be replaced by another of about the same size.
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Burndred, Kate R., Bernie J. Cockayne, James A. Donaldson, and Brendan C. Ebner. "Natural flow events influence the behaviour and movement patterns of eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) in a subtropical Queensland river." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 3 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18033.
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Understanding the movement ecology of freshwater fishes, and how these patterns are affected by flow, is important for identifying key threats to populations and predicting their response to management strategies. We used acoustic telemetry to investigate the day-to-day behaviour and movement patterns of eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) and examine how their behaviour was affected by natural changes to the flow regime in a subtropical river. Movement patterns varied within the tagged population: 29% were sedentary, 64% undertook interpool movements and 7% undertook reach-scale movements. The mean maximum distance travelled was 0.75km (±0.33, s.e.) and the maximum distance travelled was 16.9km downstream. Fish moved upstream and downstream between pools mostly at dawn and dusk, presumably to feed in riffles. Most interpool movements were undertaken during low-flow conditions (<0.2m s–1 and <6.0m3 s–1). Generally, the population responded inconsistently to flow events; however, the greatest movement response was detected during the first post-winter flow. Although fish preferred to move on an event fall, several fish continued to move throughout the study reach under baseflow conditions. Management strategies protecting low-flow conditions that maintain connectivity between daytime refuges and riffles may be important for the species’ conservation. The effective delivery of post-winter flow events, particularly in perennial systems, is likely to provide critical dispersal opportunities and aid long-term population viability.
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Putman, Nathan F., Michelle M. Scanlan, Amanda M. Pollock, Joseph P. O'Neil, Ryan B. Couture, Joseph S. Stoner, Thomas P. Quinn, Kenneth J. Lohmann, and David L. G. Noakes. "Geomagnetic field influences upward movement of young Chinook salmon emerging from nests." Biology Letters 14, no. 2 (February 2018): 20170752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0752.
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Organisms use a variety of environmental cues to orient their movements in three-dimensional space. Here, we show that the upward movement of young Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) emerging from gravel nests is influenced by the geomagnetic field. Fish in the ambient geomagnetic field travelled farther upwards through substrate than did fish tested in a field with the vertical component inverted. This suggests that the magnetic field is one of several factors that influences emergence from the gravel, possibly by serving as an orientation cue that helps fish determine which way is up. Moreover, our work indicates that the Oncorhynchus species are sensitive to the magnetic field throughout their life cycles, and that it guides their movements across a range of spatial scales and habitats.
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Brown, Richard S., and William C. Mackay. "Spawning ecology of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) in the Ram River, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-097.
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Spawning movements of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) were evaluated using radiotelemetry in a montane river and a headwater tributary. The movements of 23 fish were monitored in spring 1991 and 1992. Fish moved upstream and downstream to spawning areas. These movements fell into two distinct patterns: in one, fish emigrated to tributaries and in the other they traveled to main-stem or side-channel spawning grounds. The pre- and post-spawning movements made by fish that spawned in tributaries were longer than those made by fish that spawned in the main-stem or side-channel areas. While spawning, the fish stayed within 400-m sections of a stream but frequently moved within this area. After spawning, trout moved upstream or downstream to summer rearing habitats where they stayed until observations were ended.
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Mann, Bruce Q., Gareth L. Jordaan, and Ryan Daly. "Movement patterns and growth rate of cavebass Dinoperca petersi (Pisces: Dinopercidae) in the iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area, South Africa." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i2.4.
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Dinoperca petersi is a relatively common fish species caught in the line-fishery in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Yet, little is known about the biology and ecology of this species. Movement patterns and growth rate of this species were studied based on data obtained from a long-term tag-recapture study conducted in the iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area in northern KZN between 2001-2019. Results showed that D. petersi is a highly resident species with a linear home-range size of 290-405 m. While most fish showed high site fidelity, 8.8 % of the tagged fish showed wider ranging movements of 2.4-90 km. However, only 5 fish showed movements out of no-take zones into adjacent exploited areas, suggesting limited adult spillover. Growth rate of tagged fish was found to be reasonably slow compared to other sympatric predatory reef fish with an average growth rate of 61.76 mm y–1 for smaller fish (gα = 300) and 9.58 mm y–1 for larger fish (gβ = 550). Based on these life history characteristics, options for the future conservation and management of this species are discussed.
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Berg, C. "A QUANTITATIVE, THREE-DIMENSIONAL METHOD FOR ANALYZING ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT FROM SINGLE-VIEW MOVIES." Journal of Experimental Biology 191, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191.1.283.
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The study of animal movement is an important aspect of functional morphological research. The three-dimensional movements of (parts of) animals are usually recorded on two-dimensional film frames. For a quantitative analysis, the real movements should be reconstructed from their projections. If movements occur in one plane, their projection is distorted only if this plane is not parallel to the film plane. Provided that the parallel orientation of the movement with respect to the film plane is checked accurately, a two-dimensional method of analysis (ignoring projection errors) can be justified for quantitative analysis of planar movements. Films of movements of skeletal elements of the fish head have generally been analyzed with the two-dimensional method (e.g. Sibbing, 1982; Hoogenboezem et al. 1990; Westneat, 1990; Claes and de Vree, 1991), which is justifiable for planar movements. Unfortunately, the movements of the head bones of fish are often strongly non-planar, e.g. the movement of the pharyngeal jaws and the gill arches. The two-dimensional method is inappropriate for studying such complex movements (Sibbing, 1982; Hoogenboezem et al. 1990). For a qualitative description of movement patterns, the conditions for the use of the two-dimensional method may be somewhat relaxed. When two (or more) views of a movement are recorded simultaneously, the three-dimensional movements can readily be reconstructed using two two-dimensional images (e.g. Zarnack, 1972; Nachtigall, 1983; van Leeuwen, 1984; Drost and van den Boogaart, 1986). However, because of technical (and budget) limitations, simultaneous views of a movement cannot always be shot. In this paper, a method is presented for reconstructing the three-dimensional orientation and rotational movement of structures using single-view films and for calculating rotation in an object-bound frame. Ellington (1984) presented a similar method for determining three-dimensional wing movements from single-view films of flying insects. Ellington's method is based upon the bilateral symmetry of the wing movements. The present method does not depend on symmetry and can be applied to a variety of kinematic investigations. It eliminates a systematic error: the projection error. The measuring error is not discussed; it is the same in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional method of analysis.
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Larsson, Matz. "Why do fish school?" Current Zoology 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.1.116.
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Abstract Synchronized movements (schooling) emit complex and overlapping sound and pressure curves that might confuse the inner ear and lateral line organ (LLO) of a predator. Moreover, prey-fish moving close to each other may blur the electro-sensory perception of predators. The aim of this review is to explore mechanisms associated with synchronous swimming that may have contributed to increased adaptation and as a consequence may have influenced the evolution of schooling. The evolutionary development of the inner ear and the LLO increased the capacity to detect potential prey, possibly leading to an increased potential for cannibalism in the shoal, but also helped small fish to avoid joining larger fish, resulting in size homogeneity and, accordingly, an increased capacity for moving in synchrony. Water-movements and incidental sound produced as by-product of locomotion (ISOL) may provide fish with potentially useful information during swimming, such as neighbour body-size, speed, and location. When many fish move close to one another ISOL will be energetic and complex. Quiet intervals will be few. Fish moving in synchrony will have the capacity to discontinue movements simultaneously, providing relatively quiet intervals to allow the reception of potentially critical environmental signals. Besides, synchronized movements may facilitate auditory grouping of ISOL. Turning preference bias, well-functioning sense organs, good health, and skillful motor performance might be important to achieving an appropriate distance to school neighbors and aid the individual fish in reducing time spent in the comparatively less safe school periphery. Turning preferences in ancestral fish shoals might have helped fish to maintain groups and stay in formation, reinforcing aforementioned predator confusion mechanisms, which possibly played a role in the lateralization of the vertebrate brain.
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Naughton, George P., Zeb S. Hogan, Teresa Campbell, Peter J. Graf, Charles Farwell, and Naruepon Sukumasavin. "Acoustic Telemetry Monitors Movements of Wild Adult Catfishes in the Mekong River, Thailand and Laos." Water 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050641.
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Research on fish movement and habitat use in large tropical rivers is urgently needed to protect fisheries that are a primary source of protein for millions of people. In this pilot study, acoustic telemetry was used to monitor movements of wild catfishes in a 94.6 rkm reach of Mekong River, where it functions as the border between Thailand and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Twenty fish were tagged and released in May 2006 and monitored through May 2007 with 17 fixed-site acoustic receivers. Ten receivers had detection probabilities ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, and five receivers had detection probabilities of 0.50 or less. Detection probability was not correlated with river width. Eighteen (90%) of the tagged fish were detected by at least one receiver. Monitoring durations of individual fish ranged from 0.1 to 354.4 days. The longest total movement was 88.3 rkm, while the longest upstream movement was 52.1 rkm. Movement rates ranged from 0.1 to 156.7 rkm/d. This work provided preliminary data on movement patterns of wild Mekong catfishes. The methods and lessons learned from this study can be used for future positional telemetry research to address management-relevant uncertainties about migration corridors, habitat use, efficacy of fish reserves, and river development planning.
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Farmer, Nicholas A., and Jerald S. Ault. "Modeling Coral Reef Fish Home Range Movements in Dry Tortugas, Florida." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629791.
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Underestimation of reef fish space use may result in marine reserves that are too small to effectively buffer a portion of the stock from fishing mortality. Commonly used statistical home range models, such as minimum convex polygon (MCP) or 95% kernel density (95% KD) methods, require the exclusion of individuals who move beyond the bounds of the tracking study. Spatially explicit individual-based models of fish home range movements parameterized from multiple years of acoustic tracking data were developed for three exploited coral reef fishes (red grouperEpinephelus morio, black grouperMycteroperca bonaci, and mutton snapperLutjanus analis) in Dry Tortugas, Florida. Movements were characterized as a combination of probability of movement, distance moved, and turning angle. Simulations suggested that the limited temporal and geographic scope of most movement studies may underestimate home range size, especially for fish with home range centers near the edges of the array. Simulations provided useful upper bounds for home range size (red grouper:2.28±0.81 km2MCP,3.60±0.89 km2KD; black grouper:2.06±0.84 km2MCP,3.93±1.22 km2KD; mutton snapper:7.72±2.23 km2MCP,6.16±1.11 km2KD). Simulations also suggested that MCP home ranges are more robust to artifacts of passive array acoustic detection patterns than 95% KD methods.
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McIntosh, Angus R., and Colin R. Townsend. "Do different predators affect distance, direction, and destination of movements by a stream mayfly?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-082.
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We observed the directions and distances travelled by Nesameletus ornatus mayfly nymphs in stream channels (current velocity 18 cm·s-1) with either Eldon's galaxias (Galaxias eldoni), brown trout (Salmo trutta), or no fish. Short (<20 cm) upstream movements were most common, but movements up to 90 cm in both directions were recorded. Predators had no significant impact on movement direction or distance compared with controls when all movements were considered. Only movements in direct response to galaxias were significantly longer and more likely to be in a downstream direction than movements not directly associated with galaxias. In most cases the frequency of downstream drift distances fitted a negative exponential model. Our results showed that when current and turbulence were low, N. ornatus could have considerable control over their movement.
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Pillans, R. D., R. C. Babcock, D. P. Thomson, M. D. E. Haywood, R. A. Downie, M. A. Vanderklift, and W. A. Rochester. "Habitat effects on home range and schooling behaviour in a herbivorous fish (Kyphosus bigibbus) revealed by acoustic tracking." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 8 (2017): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16199.
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Large mobile herbivorous fish that specialise in browsing large brown algae are particularly important on coral reefs because their activities mediate algal–coral competition. Despite this important ecological role, we have a poor understanding of the movement patterns of such large herbivorous fish, including Kyphosus bigibbus. Nineteen K. bigibbus captured near adjacent but distinct patch reefs were tagged with internal acoustic tags and their movements monitored for up to 20 months by an array of 60 acoustic receivers. Home-range estimates showed that movements of individuals from each patch reef encompassed different spatial extents and resulted in differences in habitat used by the two groups of fish. The average 50 and 95% kernel utilisation distribution for long-term resident fish was 0.27±0.03 and 1.61±0.30km2 respectively, ranges that represent the largest values for a herbivorous coral reef fish recorded to date. There was a significantly higher degree of fidelity among fish from the same school, and to particular patch reefs, despite the proximity of the reefs and substantial overlap between schools of conspecifics. A coefficient of sociality was used on pairs of fish and showed that there was no evidence that individuals were consistently detected together when they were detected by receivers away from their home reef. The variability of movement patterns among individuals of K. bigibbus results in an increased niche footprint for this important browser, potentially increasing reef resilience.
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Mekdara, Prasong J., Fazila Nasimi, Margot A. B. Schwalbe, and Eric D. Tytell. "Tail Beat Synchronization during Schooling Requires a Functional Posterior Lateral Line System in Giant Danios, Devario aequipinnatus." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab071.
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Abstract Swimming in schools has long been hypothesized to allow fish to save energy. Fish must exploit the energy from the wakes of their neighbors for maximum energy savings, a feat that requires them to both synchronize their tail movements and stay in certain positions relative to their neighbors. To maintain position in a school, we know that fish use multiple sensory systems, mainly their visual and flow sensing lateral line system. However, how fish synchronize their swimming movements in a school is still not well understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that this synchronization may depend on functional differences in the two branches of the lateral line sensory system that detects water movements close to the fish’s body. The anterior branch, located on the head, encounters largely undisturbed free-stream flow, while the posterior branch, located on the trunk and tail, encounters flow that has been affected strongly by the tail movement. Thus, we hypothesize that the anterior branch may be more important for regulating position within the school, while the posterior branch may be more important for synchronizing tail movements. Our study examines functional differences in the anterior and posterior lateral line in the structure and tail synchronization of fish schools. We used a widely available aquarium fish that schools, the giant danio, Devario equipinnatus. Fish swam in a large circular tank where stereoscopic videos recordings were used to reconstruct the 3D position of each individual within the school and to track tail kinematics to quantify synchronization. For one fish in each school, we ablated using cobalt chloride either the anterior region only, the posterior region only, or the entire lateral line system. We observed that ablating any region of the lateral line system causes fish to swim in a “box” or parallel swimming formation, which was different from the diamond formation observed in normal fish. Ablating only the anterior region did not substantially reduce tail beat synchronization but ablating only the posterior region caused fish to stop synchronizing their tail beats, largely because the tail beat frequency increased dramatically. Thus, the anterior and posterior lateral line system appears to have different behavioral functions in fish. Most importantly, we showed that the posterior lateral line system played a major role in determining tail beat synchrony in schooling fish. Without synchronization, swimming efficiency decreases, which can have an impact on the fitness of the individual fish and group.
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Santos, José Maria, Rui Rivaes, João Oliveira, and Teresa Ferreira. "Improving yellow eel upstream movements with fish lifts." Journal of Ecohydraulics 1, no. 1-2 (July 2, 2016): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2016.1234341.
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Russell, D. J., and A. J. McDougall. "Movement and juvenile recruitment of mangrove jack, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål), in northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 4 (2005): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04222.
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Lutjanus argentimaculatus, tagged and released in coastal rivers and estuaries, were found to have made inter- and intra-riverine, coastal and offshore movements. A small proportion of the recaptures made offshore movements to reef habitats of up to 315 km and these recaptures were fish that were at liberty, on average, more than twice as long as those fish that had made intra-riverine movements. Most juvenile fish <400-mm length to caudal fork (LCF) resident in rivers were recaptured less than a kilometre from where they were released. The proportion of fish making sizeable movements increased with increasing recapture size, with about of 20% of larger fish (400–500-mm LCF) making offshore, inter-riverine or coastal movements. Larger fish were primarily caught offshore, whereas smaller fish <~338-mm LCF were exclusively caught in estuarine and freshwater habitats. Recruitment of juveniles into estuarine and lower freshwater riverine habitats occurred from about February. There was temporal variability of recruitment of mangrove jack into some river systems and their relative abundance within the river system was inversely proportional to the distance from the sea. Overfishing of juveniles when they are concentrated in inshore areas could have adverse implications for mangrove jack stocks.
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Crook, David A. "Movements associated with home-range establishment by two species of lowland river fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-151.
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Individuals that occupy restricted home ranges for long periods have little chance to sample surrounding habitats and may only be able to respond to changes in the distribution of resources at very local scales. Processes leading to the selection of a home range, therefore, potentially have an important bearing on individual fitness and, ultimately, on population structure. In this study, movements associated with the establishment of home ranges by golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in an Australian lowland river were examined using radiotelemetry. To examine behaviour associated with exploration and settlement into new home ranges, fish were artificially translocated into an unfamiliar river section. Although there was substantial intraspecific variation in patterns of movement, all fish tracked over the entire study period eventually settled into restricted home ranges. Several fish of both species either moved away from established home ranges and settled in new areas, or undertook large-scale movements and subsequently returned to the original home range. It is suggested that such movements may provide a mechanism by which fish can reap the benefits of home-range occupation whilst still being able to respond to changes in the distributions of spatially and temporally dynamic resources.
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Hohausová, Eva. "Exchange rate and small-scale movements of fish between a river and its backwater." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 147, no. 4 (February 11, 2000): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/147/2000/485.
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Pelicice, Fernando Mayer, and Carlos Sérgio Agostinho. "Deficient downstream passage through fish ladders: the case of Peixe Angical Dam, Tocantins River, Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400003.
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Downstream passage through fish ladders and other facilities remains largely uninvestigated in South America. In view of this concern, we monitored ascending and descending fish movements through the fish ladder at Peixe Angical Dam, upper Tocantins River, Brazil, between September 2009 and August 2010. To investigate the extent of downstream passage, the fish fauna was sampled monthly (i) at sites upstream and downstream from the dam and (ii) inside the ladder. To distinguish between ascending and descending movements, the fish ladder remained open (permanent water flow), but a screen blocked the complete passage of fish in both directions. The results of the study indicated that the ladder restricts fish movements in both directions. Few species were found to use the ladder (31 out of 119 species recorded in the area). Moreover, monitoring revealed that downstream passage is even more limited. Only 18 species were recorded moving downstream. In addition, few fish attempted to move downstream during the year; of all fish captured in the ladder (n = 17,335), only 4% were descending. Species performing exclusive downstream movements were numerically rare or infrequent. Most downstream captures involved only four species. We emphasize that several species performed one-way upstream movements or showed a high density of ascending fish. Consequently, the numerical ratio between ascending and descending fish (ind./m²) showed high positive values throughout the year (644:1 on average, considering all species); migratory species showed higher ratios (1069:1). The results of the study show that the facility fails to support the downstream passage of migratory and non-migratory fishes. We conclude that the fish ladder at Peixe Angical Dam does not play a conservation role and may complicate alternative conservation efforts.
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Brignon, William R., M. Brian Davis, Douglas E. Olson, Howard A. Schaller, and Carl B. Schreck. "Snorkelers' In-Water Observations Can Alter Salmonid Behavior." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052010-jfwm-012.
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Abstract Direct underwater observation techniques (e.g., snorkel surveys) are widely used in fisheries science. Data collected from these surveys are used to estimate species abundance, detect presence and absence, and construct statistical models that predict microhabitat use and nonuse. To produce an unbiased estimate or model, fish should ideally behave as if there were no observer present. We conducted a study using underwater video to test whether snorkeling can elicit a change in fish behavior. Four behavioral metrics were measured: upstream movement, downstream movement, total movement, and number of fish in the field-of-view. Significant differences were detected in upstream, downstream, and total movements as a function of the in-water observer. These results suggest that an in-water observer can disturb fish, resulting in altered behavior, which in turn may bias study results. We suggest researchers use caution in making inferences to an entire population when data-collection methods have potential to bias fish behavior.
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Koster, W. M., D. R. Dawson, J. R. Morrongiello, and D. A. Crook. "Spawning season movements of Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) in the Yarra River, Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 5 (2013): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13054.
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The Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) is a threatened fish species that inhabits rivers and impoundments in south-eastern Australia. Previous studies have shown that Macquarie perch in impoundments exhibit synchronised upstream spawning migrations to shallow, fast-flowing habitats in the lower reaches of inflowing streams. There has been little study of movement behaviours of entirely riverine populations of Macquarie perch despite this being the species’ natural habitat. Here, radio-telemetry is used to test the hypothesis that riverine populations exhibit synchronised migrations during the spawning season. Thirty Macquarie perch in the Yarra River, Victoria, a translocated population outside of the species’ natural range, were radio-tagged before the late spring–early summer spawning season and their movements followed over a 10-month period (May 2011 to February 2012). Tagged fish typically occupied restricted reaches of stream (<450 m). Sixteen of the fish undertook occasional upstream or downstream movements (~250–1000 m) away from their usual locations, particularly associated with large flow variations during the spawning season. There was no evidence of synchronised migratory behaviour or movement of multiple fish to specific locations or habitats during the spawning season. Whilst further research over more years is needed to comprehensively document the spawning-related behaviours of riverine Macquarie perch, our study demonstrates that management of riverine populations of this threatened species cannot necessarily be based on the model of spawning behaviour developed for lacustrine populations.
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Taguchi, Masanori, and Yutaka Noma. "Relationship between Directionality and Orientation in Drawings by Young Children and Adults." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 1 (August 2005): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.1.90-94.
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The present study examined the relationship between directionality of drawing movements and the orientation of drawn products in right-handed adults and young children for 27 Japanese kindergartners and 29 Japanese university students who were asked to draw with each hand fishes in side view and circles from several starting points. Significant values of χ2 for distributions of frequencies of orientation of the fish drawings and the direction of circular drawing movement indicated that adult right-handers drawing the fish facing to the left tended to draw a circle clockwise when they drew with the dominant hand, while there was no such significant relationship in young children's drawings. This result may suggest that the reading and writing habits may be implicated in the direction of drawing movements with the dominant hand, and this directional bias of drawing movement in the dominant hand can appear in the orientation of finished drawings.
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Agostinho, Angelo Antônio, Elineide Eugênio Marques, Carlos Sérgio Agostinho, Deusimar Augusto de Almeida, Rafael José de Oliveira, and Jussiclene Rodrigues Bezerra de Melo. "Fish ladder of Lajeado Dam: migrations on one-way routes?" Neotropical Ichthyology 5, no. 2 (2007): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000200005.
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Fish ladders are generally conceived to reestablish connectivity among critical habitats for migratory species, thus mitigating the impacts of the blockage of migration routes by dams. If this management tool is to be meaningful for conserving fish species, it must provide a fully permeable connection and assure both upward and downward movements. However, because reservoirs have very different hydrodynamics than the original river, it is expected that, at least in the inner area, they may constitute an additional barrier to this movement, especially for descending fish. Thus, the present study sought to determine if migratory fish and their offspring disperse downstream from the dam after ascending a ladder and spawning in the upper reaches of a basin. To achieve this purpose, we evaluated the limitation imposed by lentic areas to the descent of eggs, larvae and adults of migratory species; we also determined the abundance and composition of larvae present in the plankton near the dam, and compared the intensity of the upward and downward movements of adult fish. Samples of ichthyoplankton were taken upriver, inside the reservoir, in the river downstream from the dam, and in the forebay of the Lajeado Dam on the Tocantins River (Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Plant), from October, 1999 through September, 2004. The densities of fish ascending and descending the ladder were determined experimentally on eight occasions, from June, 2004 to March, 2005. Due to difficulties in identifying the true fish origin (up or down) in the environments connected by the fish passage system, the evaluation of the distribution of migratory fish in reservoirs was based on the landings of the commercial fishery conducted along the Itaipu Reservoir during the four years preceding (2001 through 2003) the construction of the lateral channel (fish-passage mechanism). Fish eggs and larvae drifting down the Tocantins River did not appear in samples taken in the lower half of the reservoir; those found in water flowing through the spillways, turbines or fish ladder of Lajeado Dam belonged essentially to non-migratory clupeids that spawn in the inner part of the reservoir. In addition, results showed that in a reservoir with no fish-passage mechanism, migrants select habitats that still maintain riverine characteristics, in the upper parts of the impounded area. The downward movements are negligible compared to those upward, in the experiments conducted in the fish ladder. It is concluded, therefore, that the Lajeado fish ladder, and possibly those at other dams, is essentially a one-way route that promotes upstream movements of migrants, without the necessary return of adults or their offspring. Thus, the low permeability of the connections provided by these management tools can drastically increase the level of environmental impact that they were actually intended to reduce.
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Williams, E. Eugene, and Ralph W. Brauer. "Thermoregulatory behavior and temperature gradient perception in a juvenile fish (Poecilia reticulata)." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-218.
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The thermoregulatory behavior of guppies in a temperature gradient was studied under conditions offering one degree of locomotor freedom, in which displacement of the fish was coupled to a change of occupied temperature, and two degrees of locomotor freedom, in which the added dimension allowed for thermally neutral movement, thus uncoupling any obligatory link between displacement and temperature change. More animals failed to thermoregulate in the second than in the first geometrical system (32% vs. 7%); however, the means of the temperature preferenda (Tp) were the same in both gradient configurations and the frequency distributions along the temperature axis were indistinguishable. In both geometrical systems, mean swimming speed along the temperature axis showed well-defined minima coinciding with the Tp. It was shown that the mean components of movement with respect to the thermal and thermally neutral axes both showed minima at Tp. Further analyses of the actual behavior confirm that in the vicinity of Tp the movements of the fish show little dependence on direction. The analyses thus suggest that thermoregulatory movements are not adjusted in response to movement-generated directional information derived from the temperature gradient. The primary determinant of thermoregulatory behavior in fish may require a more complex awareness of the thermal arrangement of the environment than can be furnished by the instantaneous perception of the local gradient structure.
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Hughes, Nicholas F. "Population processes responsible for larger-fish-upstream distribution patterns of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in interior Alaskan runoff rivers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-157.
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During the summer months, Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Alaskan streams adopt a larger-older-fish-upstream distribution pattern. In this paper, I analyse data from two large interior Alaskan rivers to determine how population processes maintain this size and age gradient. These analyses support the hypothesis that age-phased recruitment and growth-dependent movement are primarily responsible for this distribution pattern. Age-phased recruitment describes the way that the mean age of fish recruiting to a reach increases upstream, from ages 0-1 in the lower river to ages 3-7 in the headwaters. This process begins with the concentration of spawning fish, and the resultant fry, in the lower reaches of the river. Downstream movement during the first year of life further concentrates young fish in the lower river. Over time, the distribution of this cohort broadens steadily as individuals move further upstream, so that fish recruiting to headwater reaches are 3-7 years old. This process contributes to both size and age gradients. Growth-dependent movement magnifies the size gradient by sorting fast-growing fish into the upper river and slow-growing fish into the lower river. This sorting results from the fact that individuals making long-distance upstream movements tend to have grown particularly rapidly that year, while individuals making long-distance downstream movements tend to have grown especially slowly that year. I rejected the hypothesis that age and size gradients are the result of whole-stream gradients in growth or mortality acting on a sedentary population. However, there was some evidence that fish did grow more slowly in the lowest 40 km of one river, although this made only a minor contribution to the size gradient and growth rates were remarkably constant for the next 120 km. There was no suggestion that spatial variation in mortality rate contributes towards the size or age gradient, but natural and sampling variability could have obscured small but significant differences between reaches.
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Sheaves, MJ. "Patterns of movement of some fishes within an estuary in Tropical Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 6 (1993): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930867.
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The movements of fishes marked, released and recaptured during a fish trapping study in the estuary of Alligator Creek in tropical north-eastern Australia were studied over a period of two and a half years. The ability to place fish traps accurately with respect to landmarks enabled movements as short as 40 m to be detected. For each of six species of fish, more than 10 individuals were recaptured in Alligator Creek. Within these species, 258 of 1164 tagged fish were recaptured. Three patterns of movement were apparent. The serranids Epinephelus coioides and E. malabaricus and the lutjanid Lutjanus russelli tended to move little, usually being recaptured within 40 m of the site of release. The sparids Acanthopagrus australis and A. berda moved more extensively but still tended to remain within a few hundred metres for extended periods. All the above species demonstrated a strong tendency to be recaptured on the side of the creek on which they were initially captured. The tetraodontid Arothron manilensis proved to be much more vagile than did the other species, ranging freely over relatively large areas of the estuary and often crossing to the opposite bank of the creek. No species showed any preferred direction of movement or any tendency for increased displacement from the site of release with increased time at liberty.
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Robinson, S., R. Gales, A. Terauds, and M. Greenwood. "Movements of fur seals following relocation from fish farms." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18, no. 7 (November 2008): 1189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.972.
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Silva, E. I. L., and Ronald W. Davies. "Movements of some indigenous riverine fish in Sri Lanka." Hydrobiologia 137, no. 3 (July 1986): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004240.
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Fernald, Russell D. "Eye movements in the African cichlid fish,Haplochromis burtoni." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 156, no. 2 (1985): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00610862.
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Stobo, Wayne T., John D. Neilson, and Patricia G. Simpson. "Movements of Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the Canadian North Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-058.
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The results of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) tagging experiments conducted in Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subareas 3 and 4 between 1958 and 1973 were reexamined. Data from the 230 recaptures indicated a tendency for fish released on the Scotian Shelf to move to the northeast, while fish released on the Newfoundland Grand Bank showed no preferred direction of movement. The Laurentian Channel does not appear to be a barrier to migration for this species. Small (<75 cm) fish moved further than larger fish. The seemingly limited movement by larger fish may be due to acyclic annual migration between feeding and spawning grounds, similar to that suggested for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). The extensive movement of Atlantic halibut throughout most of the Canadian Northwest Atlantic suggests that a single area would be the most feasible management unit, encompassing the Scotian Shelf and southern Grand Bank regions.
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Harrison, Philip M., Rachel A. Keeler, David Robichaud, Brent Mossop, Michael Power, and Steven J. Cooke. "Individual differences exceed species differences in the movements of a river fish community." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 1289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz076.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Repeatable individual differences often account for large proportions of intraspecific variation in animal movements. However, meta-population models have continued to rely on single species-level and season-specific species-level means for movement prediction. Here, we test the hypothesis that repeatable individual differences can account for a similar proportion of movement distance variation as species differences. We used radio telemetry to generate repeated measures of movement from 504 hetero-specific fish. We tracked 5 large bodied fish species (Salvelinus confluentus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Prosopium williamsoni, Thymallus arcticus, and Sander vitreus) in the upper reaches of the Peace River, British Columbia, Canada, over 8 years. We applied a hierarchical framework to partition repeatability of movement distances at the intra- and interspecific biological levels, and among short-term (within-season) and long-term (across seasons and years) temporal levels. Our results show that long-term movement distance repeatability was higher at the intraspecific level than at the interspecific level, demonstrating that animal personality can account for more variation in movement than species differences. These findings provide a novel, community level demonstration of the importance of individual variation, highlighting the predictive gains associated with a shift in the focus of spatial ecology, away from species mean and seasonal species-level mean predictive approaches, towards a spatial behavioral types-based predictive approach.
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Lonzarich, D. G., M. R. Lonzarich, and M. L. Warren Jr. "Effects of riffle length on the short-term movement of fishes among stream pools." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-082.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research has suggested that the within-habitat dynamics of fish populations and assemblages can be affected by the spatial distribution of habitats within streams. In this study, we determined the extent to which pool isolation (length of riffles connecting adjacent pools) influenced fish movement in two Arkansas streams. We marked individuals from 12 pools assigned to two treatment categories: pools separated by long riffles (>50 m) and those separated by short riffles (<10 m). Repeatedly snorkeling pools for 3 days in 1995 and 1997, we discovered substantial emigration (>20%) and significant effects of riffle length. Total emigration from short-riffle pools was three times higher (29%) than movement from long-riffle pools (10%). Further, marked fish in short-riffle pools moved upstream and downstream with equal frequency, whereas fish in long-riffle pools moved twice as often downstream. Collectively, these results indicate significant effects of habitat spacing on short-term movement patterns by fish. In streams, where fish are distributed within a mosaic of habitats of varying quality, such movements may allow individuals to assess spatial variability in resource conditions (e.g., food, predators). Because land-use activities can alter habitat spacing, these findings have important implications for fish conservation in degraded streams.