Academic literature on the topic 'Fish health problem'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Jeremic, Svetlana, Miroslav Cirkovic, Dobrila Jakic-Dimic, and Vladimir Radosavljevic. "Fish diseases in carp fish ponds and implementation of health care measures." Veterinarski glasnik 59, no. 1-2 (2005): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0502059j.
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Fish health protection is a complex and permanent measure veterinary specialists are taking in order to preserve and improve breeding and production of particular fish species and categories. The system of monitoring fish health should ensure early detection of disorders in fish health and the presence of causing agents. In order for the monitoring to be efficient it should be practiced in accordance with the specific conditions of each system and breeding venues, as well as to the specific health problem needs of different farmed fish species. The most important issue in fish diseases diagnostics is the systematic monitoring of the condition offish health. Only in such way it is possible to detect a disease on time and then determine the adequate therapeutic and other necessary measures. In dealing with the problems offish pathology in carp fishponds, the epizootical situation of disease spreading caused by different agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites) has been examined. The most frequent diseases among the farmed carps in the examined fish ponds in Vojvodina area, described in this paper were: carp pox, spring viremia of carp, carp erythrodermatitis, aeromonas and pseudomonas infections, bacterial gill disease, diseases caused by ecto- and endoparasites and gill necrosis. Based on the obtained results, modern diagnostic methods were implemented and proper prevention and successful therapy of the diseases causing the greatest loss in farmed fish populations was taken.
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Palíková, Miroslava, Stanislav Navrátil, Alois Čížek, Zdeňka Soukupová, Štěpán Lang, Radovan Kopp, and Jan Mareš. "Seasonal occurrence of diseases in a recirculation system for salmonid fish in the Czech Republic." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 3 (2014): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483030201.
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Aquaculture represents the fastest growing animal husbandry in many countries. However, higher intensity of fish farming can pose higher health hazards, too. We monitored the health status of fish from one fish farm in South Bohemia and discovered the main health problems in the breeding. For two years we examined a total of 224 specimens of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), 126 specimens of hybrids (S. fontinalis×S. alpinus), 49 specimens of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) – all clinically healthy, and 100 clinically diseased or freshly dead fish. We registered skin erosions mainly in the caudal peduncle and tail fin. Two parasite species were identified (one protistIchthyophthirius multifiliisand one nematodeRaphidascaris acus) by parasitological examination. The epidemiological indicators ofI. multifiliiswere low. The prevalence of adultR. acuswas 0–86% with a maximum in June. From November, capsules with larval stages ofR. acusappeared in internal organs. Their highest intensity (200 pieces) and prevalence (100%) were detected in October. By microbiological examination of skin and gills, we identified changes in the density of bacterial population and its species composition dependent on water temperature and fish density. The most important problem on the monitored fish farm seems to be furunculosis of salmonid fish in all clinical forms, and the high intensity of larval stages ofR. acus. The originality of this study is based on the fact that the observed breeding employs the first Danish recirculation system in the Czech Republic and no recent information about health problems has been available.
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Corsolini, Simonetta, Nicoletta Ademollo, Teresa Romeo, Silvio Greco, and Silvano Focardi. "Persistent organic pollutants in edible fish: a human and environmental health problem." Microchemical Journal 79, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2004.10.006.
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Pal, Mahendra. "Clonorchiasis: An emerging foodborne disease of public health concern." Nutrition and Food Processing 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/021.
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Foodborne diseases caused by multiple etiologic agents are prevalent worldwide affecting both sexes and all age groups. Clonorchiasis is considered as an emerging major foodborne disease of public health problem as about 35 million people are infected globally. It is a foodborne helminthic zoonosis of a greater socioeconomic importance in several countries of Asia. The disease is caused by Clonorchis sinensis, which is a trematode. The infection occurs by the consumption of raw or inadequately cooked fish contaminated with metacercaria of the parasite. The clinical spectrum of disease in humans depends on the burden of parasites. In severe infections, jaundice, cholangitis, ascites, cholecystitis, formation of gall stone, and gastrointestinal bleeding are observed. Maximum cases are observed in males than females, and infection is serious in elderly persons. The diagnosis of disease can be confirmed by parasitological technique. Presently, praziquantel is the drug of choice as it has shown high cure rates in endemic areas. The education campaigns regarding the consumption of properly cooked fish and avoidance of faecal matter to ponds as a fish food are practical strategies that may help to control the disease.
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Palíková, Miroslava, Stanislav Navrátil, Lukáš Navrátil, and Jan Mareš. "Preventive and Prophylactic Measures in Intensive Salmonid Fish Breeding – a Review." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041409.
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Aquaculture represents the fastest growing animal husbandry in many countries word-wide. Intensive fish production has increased the risk of infectious diseases all over the world. Bacterial pathogens probably cause most disease problems in aquaculture. Most infectious bacterial diseases in commercial fish species continue to be controlled by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents although they represent a potential environmental hazard and could also have negative effects on the quality of the final product. The most important problem of antibiotic treatment is the increase in resistant bacteria, the presence of their residues in aquaculture products and the resulting threat to human health. Therefore, it is most effective to prevent the introduction or onset of the disease. Beside preventing the introduction of pathogens, good water quality, reduction of environmental stressors, adequate nutrition and immunization, many substances improving the health status of fish, such as immunostimulants, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and so on, are used in fish breeding. The present review gives an overview of preventive and prophylactic substances which can be used in salmonid fish breeding to improve the health status of fish.
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Firmansyah, Herman Mawengkang, and Sutarman. "An Integer Programming Model For Sustainable Multi-Product Fish Production Planning Problem." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 12 (2018): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.02251.9.
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Nakad, Jane. "ELIMINATING THE PROBLEM IN PROBLEM OIL PITS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1313.
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ABSTRACT The Problem Oil Pit (POP) multiagency effort in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region VI has resulted in success at remediating and cleaning up hundreds of oil covered pits in oil production fields in six western states. The installation of exclusionary devises at many of these pits will ensure the safety of birds and wildlife for years to come. A heightened awareness of environmental protection standards and regulations by the oil and gas exploration and production industry will increase compliance and enhance management of facilities in an environmentally protective manner toward public health and resources for future generations. In this effort, the federal, state, and tribal partners used their own regulatory tools on the problems and compliance issues encountered. This poster presentation will highlight the achievements of the POP effort by showing photographically and statistically the results of the POP effort: sites cleaned up, abatement of threats to birds and wildlife by exclusionary devices installed, and achievement of compliance with federal, state, and tribal environmental regulations.
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Ovchinnikov, R. S., А. V. Kapustin, A. I. Laishevtsev, and V. A. Savinov. "MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXICOSES OF ANIMALS AS AN ACTUAL PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURE." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2018): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201801020.
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Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses represent an actual problem for various fields of agriculture – cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming, fish farming. Mycotoxins (MT) cause harm to the health of animals and enormous economic damage, products of animal husbandry contaminated with mycotoxins can pose a threat to human health. This problem is important from the point of view of providing food and fodder security of the country.
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Eve, Evaldice, Evaldo F. Oliveira, and Christopher Eve. "The mercury problem and diets in the Brazilian Amazon: planning a solution." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038510.
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SummaryIn order to determine whether mercury from distant goldmining affected health in the districts of lranduba and Barreirinha, Amazonas State, Brazil, mercury in the scalp hair of 101 peasants (39 males and 62 females) was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption. In both areas fish is the major source of dietary protein. The average hair mercury content was 38.6 ppm (1SD = 14.1) in Barreirinha, where the diet contains a high proportion of carnivorous fish, and 5.6 ppm (1SD = 3.1) in Iranduba, where the diet contains more herbivorous fish. The levels found in women's hair in Barreirinha are particularly critical in view of the evidence that peak maternal hair mercury levels above 70 ppm are associated with 30% of risk of neurological disorder in the offspring, and that 5% risk may be associated with a peak mercury level of 10–20 ppm in the maternal hair (WHO 1990).The health of many people, and thus forest preservation, are threatened. An environmental monitoring and health programme is urgently needed for the Brazilian Amazon. Dietary assessment could be a useful indicator of the risk of mercury poisoning, if taken together with periodic analysis of mercury contents of commonly eaten fishes and of scalp hair, particularly that of young and pregnant women. Environmental monitoring is pointless if not directed at effective action; and a planning approach to this is suggested which includes a major educational component.
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Donkor, Eric S., Isaac Anim-Baidoo, Evans Fei, Collins Amponsah, Michael Olu-Taiwo, David Nana-Adjei, Enid Owusu, and Akua Obeng Forson. "Occurrence of Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Nile Tilapia Sold in Some Markets in Accra, Ghana: Public Health Implication." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 6 (November 20, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n6p129.
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In Ghana there are concerns that antibiotics may be used inappropriately to boost fish production, though no study has investigated this problem. To provide preliminary insights into public health aspects of the problem, we investigated the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a fish commonly cultivated and consumed in Ghana. Two hundred Nile Tilapia fish were randomly sampled from four major markets in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. One hundred samples were screened for antibiotic residues using a microbial inhibition plate test that detects sixteen different antibiotics commonly used in animal husbandry and aquaculture. The other 100 samples were cultured for bacteria using direct culture methods, and the isolates were tested against seven antibiotics by the Kirby Bauer method. The overall prevalence of antibiotic residues in the fish samples was 7%. Bacteria that were isolated from the fish samples were Shigella sonnei (10%), Enterobacter cloacae (7%), Escherichia coli (6%), Salmonella Typhi (3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis (2%). All bacteria isolated were susceptible to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin but resistant to ampicillin. Multi-drug resistance (ie resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics) occurred in 86.7% of the isolates. Nile Tilapia sold in Accra is a source of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Consumption of the fish can also lead to significant exposure to antibiotic residues.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Pham, Thi Cam Van. "Évaluation de la fréquence des micronoyaux et du potentiel clastogène et/ou aneugène du benzo-a-pyrène suite à une exposition in vitro des lymphocytes humains." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6209.
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Le benzo-a-pyrène (BaP) est un cancérogène reconnu pour l'homme, contaminant présent dans notre environnement. Il cause des dommages à l'ADN que nous avons mesurés dans les lymphocytes exposés à de faibles concentrations de BaP, provenant de 20 jeunes volontaires non fumeurs et en santé. Suite à l’exposition, la fréquence des micronoyaux (MN) augmente significativement et décrit une courbe dose-réponse non linéaire, suggérant le déclenchement du processus de détoxification et la réparation de l’ADN. Des différences entre les individus et entre les sexes sont présentes dans la réponse génotoxique produite par le BaP.
Le test des aberrations chromosomiques montre que le pourcentage de chromosomes cassés augmente significativement dans les cellules exposées au BaP. Combinés avec l'augmentation de la fréquence des MN, nos résultats confirment l'effet clastogène du BaP déjà rapporté dans la littérature. L’hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) des MN avec une sonde pancentromérique est aussi utilisée pour établir leur mécanisme de formation. La FISH révèle que la majorité des MN formés après une exposition au BaP contient un centromère et plus, ce qui est significativement différent de la condition non exposée. Plus précisément, dans nos conditions expérimentales, les MN induits par le BaP contiennent surtout trois centromères et plus, indiquant également la présence d'un effet aneugène.
L'effet clastogène du BaP est relié à son rôle d'initiateur dans la cancérogenèse, alors que l'effet aneugène le relierait à l'étape de progression. Ces résultats sont importants puisque l'exposition aux composés de la classe du BaP est de longue durée (cigarette, air pollué).Benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) is a known human carcinogen, contaminating all spheres of our environment. In human cells, BaP can induce various genotoxic effects on DNA, such as micronuclei (MNs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). MNs and CAs are measured in human lymphocytes in vitro exposed to low BaP concentrations, taken from 20 young healthy non-smoking subjects. Following BaP exposure, MN frequency increases significantly and shows a non-linear dose-response curve, suggesting the induction of detoxification process and/or DNA repair. Also, interindividual and sex differences in BaP-induced genotoxic damages are present. CA test shows that chromosome breaks increase significantly in cells exposed to BaP even at low concentrations. Combined to the observed MN frequency increase, our results confirm the clastogenic properties of BaP, as already reported in literature. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on MN using a pancentromeric probe is done to assess MN content. FISH reveals that most BaP-induced MNs contain centromeres, and specifically three or more centromeres. This difference is significant when compared to the unexposed condition, and suggest presence of an aneugenic effect. Clastogenic effect of BaP is associated with initiation step of carcinogenesis, while the aneugenic effect would link it with cancer progression. These results could be particularly important because exposure to BaP and other member of its chemical class usually last for decades (smoking, air pollution, etc.), and need to be confirm in future studies.
Books on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Ward, Ashley. Questions and answers on freshwater aquariums: Solutions to common problems for improved tanks and healthy fish. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications, Inc., 2007.
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Bailey, Mary, Peter Burgess, and Adrian Exell. A-Z of Tropical Fish Diseases and Health Problems. Howell Book House, 1999.
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Falk, Katherine. Integrative Treatment of Depression and Anxiety (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0013.
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An integrative approach to the understanding and treatment of mood, anxiety, and sexual disorders is different from a conventional allopathic approach. Rather than merely identifying and treating symptoms, integrative psychiatry looks at the whole person and provides a unique treatment plan for each person, which might also include psychotropic medications when appropriate. Integrative psychiatry addresses the root causes of the problem, considers all factors that influence an individual’s physical and mental health, and, whenever possible, uses less toxic interventions. Many individuals seek integrative care because the conventional approaches have failed to help them. This chapter provides a road map for treating depression and anxiety from an evidenced-based integrative perspective: micronutrients, fish oil, herbs, amino acids, other treatments such as light therapy, and of course lifestyle changes. The integrative approach to mental health treatment has the added benefit of doing less to disrupt sexual function and more to heal it.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Metabolism, homeostasis and growth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0007.
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Metabolism consists of the sum of anabolism (construction) and catabolism (destruction) with the release of energy, and achieving a fairly constant internal environment (homeostasis). The aquatic external environment favours differences from mammalian pathways of excretion and requires osmoregulatory adjustments for fresh water and seawater though some taxa, notably marine elasmobranchs, avoid osmoregulatory problems by retaining osmotically active substances such as urea, and molecules protecting tissues from urea damage. Ion regulation may occur through chloride cells of the gills. Most fish are not temperature regulators but a few are regional heterotherms, conserving heat internally. The liver has many roles in metabolism, including in some fish the synthesis of antifreeze seasonally. Maturing females synthesize yolk proteins in the liver. Energy storage may include the liver and, surprisingly, white muscle. Fish growth can be indeterminate and highly variable, with very short (annual) life cycles or extremely long cycles with late and/or intermittent reproduction.
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Kemmerer, Lisa. Eating Earth. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391844.001.0001.
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Exploring the environmental effects of animal agriculture, fishing, and hunting, Eating Earth exposes critical common ground between earth and animal advocacy. The first chapter (animal agriculture) examines greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, manure and dead zones, freshwater depletion, deforestation, predator control, land and use--including the ranching industries public lands subsidies. Chapter two first examines whether or not the consumption of fish is healthy and outlines morally relevant aspects of fish physiology, then scrutinizes the fishing industry, documenting the "silent collapse" of ocean ecosystems and calling attention to the indiscriminate nature of hooks and nets, including the problem of bycatch and what this means for endangered species and fragile seascapes. Chapter three outlines the historic link between the U. S. Government, wildlife management, and hunters, then systematically unravels common beliefs about sport hunting, such as the belief that hunters are essential to wildlife conservation, that contemporary hunting qualifies as a tradition, and that hunting is merciful, economical, or rooted in "fair chase." At the end of each chapter, Kemmerer examines possible solutions to problems presented, such as sustainable meats, organic and local, grass fed, aquaculture, new fishing technologies, and enhanced regulations. Eating Earth offers a concise examination of the environmental effects of dietary choice, clearly presenting the many reasons why dietary choice ought to be front and center for environmentalists. Kemmerer's writing, supported by nearly 80 graphs and summary slides, is clear, straightforward, and punctuated with wry humor.
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West, Peter. Guide to Introduced Pest Animals of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305681.
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Australia’s introduced vertebrate pest species cost at least $1 billion annually in economic, environmental and social impacts. The Guide to Introduced Pest Animals of Australia is a comprehensive, practical guide to 60 introduced pest animal species present in Australia, including 27 mammals, 18 birds, nine freshwater fish, two amphibians and four reptiles. It contains descriptive information to identify each species in the field, including distinctive physical characteristics, size, weight, colouration, diet, breeding behaviour, habitat preferences, and information about footprints, dung, scats and audible animal calls.
Each species profile is accompanied by practical management information, maps and high-quality photographs – allowing readers to learn about pest species in their local area, what problems they might cause, and what control options exist for management. This guide also contains a number of emerging high-risk pest species that may pose a significant threat to our natural environment, economy, agriculture and human health.
Whether you are a farmer, natural resource manager, public land manager, pest controller, teacher, student, field naturalist or wildlife ecologist, this easy-to-use guide will help you identify Australia’s most significant introduced pest animals in your local area.
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Wurster, Charles F. DDT Wars. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190219413.001.0001.
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DDT Wars is the untold inside story of the decade-long scientific, legal and strategic campaign that culminated in the national ban of the insecticide DDT in 1972. The widespread misinformation, disinformation and mythology of the DDT issue are corrected in this book. DDT contamination had become worldwide, concentrating up food chains and causing birds to lay thin-shelled eggs that broke in the nests. Populations of many species of predatory and fish-eating birds collapsed, including the American Bald Eagle, Osprey, Peregrine Falcon and Brown Pelican. Their numbers recovered spectacularly in the decades following the ban. During the campaign DDT and five other insecticides were found to cause cancer in laboratory tests, which led to bans of these six pesticides by international treaty in 2001. This campaign produced lasting changes in American pesticide policies. The legal precedents broke down the court "standing" barrier, forming the basis for the development of environmental law as we know it today. This case history represents one of the greatest environmental victories of recent decades. DDT is still "controversial" because it has been deceptively interjected into the "climate wars." This campaign was led by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), founded in 1967 by ten citizens, most of them scientists, volunteers without special political connections or financial resources. Their strategy was to take environmental problems to court. There were many setbacks along the way in this exciting and entertaining story. The group was often kicked out of court, but a few determined citizens made a large difference for environmental protection and public health. Author Charles Wurster was one of the leaders of the campaign. The first six years of EDF history are described as it struggled to survive. Now EDF is one of the world's great environmental advocacy organizations defending our climate, ecosystems, oceans and public health.
Book chapters on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Marathe, Nachiket P., and Michael S. Bank. "The Microplastic-Antibiotic Resistance Connection." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 311–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_9.
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AbstractMicroplastic pollution is a big and rapidly growing environmental problem. Although the direct effects of microplastic pollution are increasingly studied, the indirect effects are hardly investigated, especially in the context of spreading of disease and antibiotic resistance genes, posing an apparent hazard for human health. Microplastic particles provide a hydrophobic surface that provides substrate for attachment of microorganisms and readily supports formation of microbial biofilms. Pathogenic bacteria such as fish pathogens Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., and opportunistic human pathogens like Escherichia coli are present in these biofilms. Moreover, some of these pathogens are shown to be multidrug resistant. The presence of microplastics is known to enhance horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and thus, may contribute to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Microplastics can also adsorb toxic chemicals like antibiotics and heavy metals, which are known to select for antibiotic resistance. Microplastics may, thus, serve as vectors for transport of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. In this book chapter, we provide background information on microplastic biofouling (“plastisphere concept”), discuss the relationship between microplastic and antibiotic resistance, and identify knowledge gaps and directions for future research.
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Monahan, F. J., and D. J. Troy. "Overcoming sensory problems in low fat and low salt products." In Production and Processing of Healthy Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 257–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1125-6_13.
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Goddek, Simon, Alyssa Joyce, Sven Wuertz, Oliver Körner, Ingo Bläser, Michael Reuter, and Karel J. Keesman. "Decoupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 201–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_8.
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AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
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Hamou, Reda Mohamed. "The Automatic Detection of Diabetes Based on Swarm of Fish." In Handbook of Research on Biomimicry in Information Retrieval and Knowledge Management, 154–74. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3004-6.ch010.
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Diabetes is a major health problem and a disease that can be very dangerous in developing and developed countries, and its incidence is increasing dramatically. In this chapter, the authors propose a system of automatic detection of diabetes based on a bioinspired model called a swarm of fish (fish swarm or AFSA). AFSA (artificial fish swarm algorithm) represents one of the best methods of optimization among swarm intelligence algorithms. This algorithm is inspired by the collective, the movement of fish and their different social behaviors in order to achieve their objectives. There are several parameters to be adjusted in the AFSA model. The visual step is very significant, given that the fish artificial essentially moves according to this parameter. Large parameter values increase the capacity of the global search algorithm, while small values tend to improve local search capability. This algorithm has many advantages, including high speed convergence, flexibility, and high accuracy. In this chapter, the authors evaluate their model of AFSA for the purpose of automatic detection of diabetes.
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Cordova, Muhammad Reza. "Marine Plastic Debris." In Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution, 94–121. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch006.
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Marine pollution due to littering from anthropogenic activities is a serious global environmental problem—the main reason accumulation of debris in the environment, including in the ocean. There is a significant hazard coming from plastic debris. Besides entanglement and ingestion, marine plastics debris has more complex problems and can release additional and by-product chemical substances. If we keep producing and not doing anything, a recent study said by 2050 there would be three times more plastic than fish in the ocean. We only have a limited understanding of marine plastic debris distribution, implication, fate, and behavior. Science is the key to getting the right alternative for processing debris. To prevent marine pollution successfully requires education and outreach programs, strong laws and policies, and law enforcement for government and private institutions. This chapter explores marine plastic debris.
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Barbosa, Valter A. F., Reiga R. Ribeiro, Allan R. S. Feitosa, Victor L. B. A. Silva, Arthur D. D. Rocha, Rafaela C. Freitas, Ricardo E. Souza, and Wellington P. Santos. "Reconstruction of Electrical Impedance Tomography Using Fish School Search, Non-Blind Search, and Genetic Algorithm." In Biotechnology, 2021–38. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch082.
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Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that does not use ionizing radiation, with application both in environmental sciences and in health. Image reconstruction is performed by solving an inverse problem and ill-posed. Evolutionary Computation and Swarm Intelligence have become a source of methods for solving inverse problems. Fish School Search (FSS) is a promising search and optimization method, based on the dynamics of schools of fish. In this article the authors present a method for reconstruction of EIT images based on FSS and Non-Blind Search (NBS). The method was evaluated using numerical phantoms consisting of electrical conductivity images with subjects in the center, between the center and the edge and on the edge of a circular section, with meshes of 415 finite elements. The authors performed 20 simulations for each configuration. Results showed that both FSS and FSS-NBS were able to converge faster than genetic algorithms.
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Cumbler, John T. "“Most Beautiful Sewer”." In Reasonable Use. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138139.003.0013.
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The reforms of the late nineteenth century did help protect New England’s drinking water. The plague of water-borne diseases that made the region’s cities so infamously dangerous to live in seemed to be in retreat. For a moment, it looked as if the new century would bring a world in which there did not have to be trade-offs between economic development and environmental quality. The ideal articulated by Lyman and Mills—that professional expertise would transcend conflicts of interests between manufacturers and reformers—seemed at hand. Yet there were still problems that these optimists overlooked. And these problems broke into view again in the new century. Despite the health gains, New England’s rivers and streams continued to receive massive influxes of pollution of both industrial wastes and human sewage. The larger cities along the major river systems continued their practice of dumping raw sewage downstream, while manufacturers still saw running water as a natural disposal system for their wastes. Industrial wastes, although less central in the conversation around public health and the environment, were clearly polluting water systems, and reformers never completely gave up the struggle to clean water of industrial pollutants. In its 1896 report, the Massachusetts State Board of Health discussed possible solutions to the problems of “waste liquors or sewage from those manufacturing industries in the State which pollute or threaten to pollute our rivers and ponds.” The Lawrence station experimented with different methods of removing industrial wastes. Yet the “problem of successful and economical disposal of this sewage [remained].” As people began to look at clean water as an aesthetic as well as a health issue, the ability of water to sustain live fish, which had been dismissed twenty years earlier, now became a concern. Commissions on fisheries that had focused attention on fishways and fish cultivation in the nineteenth century began to revisit the issue of water pollution as they noticed their hatchery fish dying in polluted waters; oyster growers complained to the commissions that their oyster beds were being polluted.
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Edward Mashau, Mpho, and Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia. "Role of Functional Food in Treating and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases." In Functional Foods - Phytochemicals and Health Promoting Potential. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96614.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still a major cause of mortality worldwide and are a serious health problem. Various factors that contribute toward CVDs include hypertension, tobacco use, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, obesity and overweight, alcohol, dietary factors and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Nutraceuticals and diet are very important for prevention of CVDs. The potential of nutraceuticals or functional food in mitigating risk of CVDs is discussed. Functional food with health related properties include fruit and vegetable, fish, legumes, nuts, soya protein, coffee, tea, chocolate, animal based functional food. In addition, some diet plans have shown the potential of reducing the incidence of CVDs. This includes the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Okinawan and vegetarian diets. This chapter examines the risk factors of CVDs, including hypertension, tobacco usage, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity. The chapter also brings to the fore, functional foods with properties related to health and effect of dietary patterns in the treatment and prevention of CVDs.
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Barbosa, Valter Augusto de Freitas, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Ricardo Emmanuel de Souza, Reiga Ramalho Ribeiro, Allan Rivalles Souza Feitosa, Victor Luiz Bezerra Araújo da Silva, David Edson Ribeiro, et al. "Image Reconstruction of Electrical Impedance Tomography Using Fish School Search and Differential Evolution." In Critical Developments and Applications of Swarm Intelligence, 301–38. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5134-8.ch012.
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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that does not use ionizing radiation with application both in environmental sciences and in health. Image reconstruction is performed by solving an inverse problem and ill-posed. Evolutionary and bioinspired computation have become a source of methods for solving inverse problems. In this chapter, the authors investigate the performance of fish school search (FSS) and differential evolution (DE) using non-blind search (NBS) considering meshes of 415, 3190, and 9990 finite elements. The methods were evaluated using numerical phantoms consisting of electrical conductivity images with objects in the center, between the center and the edge, and on the edge of a circular section. Twenty simulations were performed for each configuration. Results showed that both FSS and DE are able to perform EIT image reconstruction with large meshes and converge faster by using non-blind search.
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Büyükgebiz, Atilla. "Endokrin Bozucuların Tarihçesi ve Tanımı." In Endokrin Bozucular ve Sağlık, 1–10. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-04-7.ch01.
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There are several reports of fish and water creatures' death and anomalies. In humans, obesity increases, sperm counts decrease in men, and in vitro fertilization increases. The incidence of gynecomastia increases in boys and precocious puberty, becoming a global problem in girls. We don’t know the exact reason for those, but we know that endocrine disrupters have been a growing problem for human health for the last 30 years. Endocrine disrupters are synthetic chemicals used in the industry which are taken to our body by oral, skin, respiratory, and breast milk ways and interfere with our original hormones. They usually act as estrogens, and their effect is dose and duration-dependent. If they accumulate fat, their adverse effects can continue for generations.
Conference papers on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Gansel, Lars C., Per Christian Endresen, Kristine Braaten Steinhovden, Stine Wiborg Dahle, Eirik Svendsen, Silje Forbord, and Østen Jensen. "Drag on Nets Fouled With Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis) and Sugar Kelp (Saccharina Latissima) and Parameterization of Fouling." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62030.
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Biofouling is a serious problem in marine finfish aquaculture with a number of negative impacts. Marine growth obstructs net openings, thereby reducing water exchange through the net and affecting fish welfare and health, as well as the spreading of dissolved nutrients, particles and pathogens. Furthermore, additional water blockage leads to increased hydrodynamic forces on fish cages, which potentially threaten the structural integrity of the fish farm. However, detailed knowledge about the effects of biofouling on the flow past, and the resulting forces on fish cages, is limited and systematic investigations of the effects of different types of fouling have been called for. This study investigates the effects of different amounts and sizes of two important fouling organisms in Norwegian aquaculture, blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and kelp (Saccharina latissima) on the drag on net panels. Drag forces on a number of clean and fouled nets were measured in a flume tank at a flow speed of 0.1 m/s. Net solidity was calculated from images acquired of all nets in the current. The relationship between net solidity and drag was then found for clean nets and for each type of fouling, and biofouling was parameterized by comparing clean and fouled net results: for a given fouled net, a clean net can be found that experiences the same drag. The latter can then be used in numerical models to estimate the effect of fouling on net drag. That means existing models can be used to model the drag effect of fouling. This study found a solidity increase due to mussel and kelp fouling to affect drag roughly at the same rate as an increase in clean net solidity at a flow speed of 0.1 ms−1 and within the tested fouling size range for two net types. Therefore, existing models, describing the relationship between net solidity and drag, can be used directly or with minor alterations (especially at high solidities) to estimate effects of additional mussel and kelp fouling on drag. In contrast, wet weight seems to be unsuitable as a measure to estimate drag on nets fouled with seaweed or mussels. It should be noted that these findings are only valid under similar conditions, and that other fouling types and sizes, as well as test parameters and tank size can affect the relationship between solidity and drag.
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E.A., Baiduk, Popova S.N., Karaseva A. Yu., and Tkacheva I.V. "PROBIOTIC PREPARATIONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.18-20.
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The article provides an overview of scientific research on probiotics in fish farming and aquaculture. Analysis of the data demonstrates that probiotic drugs are effective and environmentally safe, so they are suitable for the whole system of aquaculture, having a very positive effect on the health of cultured hydrobionts, as well as the health of consumers. The worthy application of probiotics in aquaculture for the dynamic development of fish farming, reducing the spread of resistance to antibiotics and chemical agents, as well as for the treatment and prevention of diseases in fish farms is revealed.
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А.V., Kazarnikova, and Stepanova Y.V. "MONOGENEA (PLATYHELMINTHES) INVASION IN CYPRINID FISH IN THE DON RIVER DELTA AND THE EASTERN PART OF THE TAGANROG BAY UNDER PRESENT CONDITIONS." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.58-61.
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The data on monogenean fauna of cyprinid fish (prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, bream, Abramis brama, common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and ram, Rutilus rutilus) in the Don River delta and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay are presented. An annotated list of monogenean species of these fishes, which currently includes 24 species from 3 families (Dactylogyridae, Gyrodactylidae, Diplozoidae) is given. Representatives of the families Dactylogyridae dominated in terms of the number of species (14 species). The data on monogenean invasion of cyprinid fish species under present ecological conditions are analyzed. Epizootically significant for fish health were Dactylogyrus extensus, D. vastator, Gyrodactylus sprostonae, G. medius and Diplozoon paradoxum.
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Lin, Ta-Yu, Kuang-Yu Shih, Ming-Yuan Wang, Hsueh-Chieh Shih, and S. Y. Lee. "What do they eat? A survey of eat-out habit of university students in Taiwan." In INNODOCT 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2019.2019.10562.
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Main purpose of this research is trying to understand food likeliness of Taiwan college students, and probe whether these food are healthy. Three survey steps are taken as: step 1, market survey for what kind of foods are selling around the campuses; step 2, questionnaire investigation for students food preference; step 3, analyzing whether these favorite foods are healthy or not. The result shows: major consideration for students food selection are “taste” and “price”; 63% of students are taking food or snacks late at night at least once a week. Top three most favorite foods are: Taiwanese fries (yan su ji), carbon grilled chicken and fried fish steaks. Quantities of these foods are small, prices are low, and easy access from roadside food stands. Problems of them are high calories, easy to accumulate free radical in human body, plus insanitary food processing environment. They are harmful to student health. We suggest Taiwan government take it seriously.
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Rajendran, Sunil Kumar, and Feitian Zhang. "Developing a Novel Robotic Fish With Antagonistic Artificial Muscle Actuators." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5380.
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Super-coiled polymer (SCP), one of the newly-developed artificial muscles, has various advantages over traditional artificial muscles in terms of cost, flexibility and power-to-weight ratio. This paper investigates the performance of super-coiled polymer-based actuation in underwater robotics, and presents a novel design of robotic fish using antagonistic SCP actuators. Dynamic model of the robot is derived. An example robotic fish prototype is developed and used in experiments to study SCP actuation for underwater robots. Furthermore, experimental results show that using SCP actuators in robotic fish solves the challenging heat-dissipation problem at ease, thus improving the dynamic response of SCP actuation significantly. A PID controller is designed to regulate the tail flap angle of the designed robotic fish. Simulation results of the closed-loop system are presented to validate the proposed robot design and actuation approach.
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Mohanty, Amit, Chris Leach, and Ajay Mahajan. "Multisensor Fusion Using Fuzzy Logic for an Integrated Smart Health Monitoring System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59568.
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This paper presents a generic model for an integrated smart health monitoring system for infrastructures using multisensor fusion and condition assessment sheets. Though various techniques for health monitoring have been discussed extensively in the literature, little attention has been given to obtain high quality data from the measurement and sensing system by using an intrinsic knowledge base. The method proposed in this paper uses measurement data from different types of sensors with different resolutions and fuses it together based on the confidence in them derived from information not typically used in traditional data fusion methods. Examples of such information are operating temperature, frequency range, fatigue cycles, etc. These are fed as additional inputs to a fuzzy inference system (FIS) that has predefined membership functions for each of these variables. The outputs of the FIS are weights that are assigned to the different sensor measurement data that reflect the confidence in the sensor’s behavior and performance. A modular approach is adopted for the data fusion system. It allows adding or deleting a sensor, along with its fuzzy logic controller (FLC), anytime without affecting the entire data fusion system. The time history of problems and solutions taken to correct them are stored as a condition assessment sheet (CAS) that shows the health of each sensor and the entire measurement system at a glance. This work finds applications in the health management of civil infrastructures, power plants, airplanes and rocket/shuttle test facilities.
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Jones, Jeffrey M., and Bert Mayer. "An Integrated Cooling Water Intake System Enhancement Strategy." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50061.
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Cooling water intake problems come in many forms. These problems can include large schools of fish or jellyfish, seaweed, lake grass, sand, and silt buildup or carryover in the cooling water intake and screen house. Lower lake levels and higher average temperatures, zebra mussel infestation, and non-uniform flow rates between traveling water screen (TWS) bays and circulating water pump bays due to under-sized intake structures can also affect cooling water intake. Downstream of the cooling water intake, flow imbalances caused by entrained debris challenge heat exchanger designs and aging equipment. One Midwestern plant developed an integrated approach to improve the overall performance of the cooling water intake which will result in increased operating efficiency. For the subject plant, this paper will discuss specific modifications planned or undertaken and their benefits and limitations, flow modeling and design margin analyses completed and in process, anticipated reduction in debris carryover, impingement, and entrainment, and suggested further improvements. The majority of modifications undertaken or planned at the subject plant are generally intended to minimize debris carryover and to reduce problems associated with system blockages and heat exchanger tube fouling. Specific modifications to be discussed include: an acoustic fish deterrent system at the inlet tunnel entrance, replacement of the flow-through TWS’s with an industry first-of-a-kind design screen technology, screen wash, and debris transport and removal system modifications, service water system strainer basket modifications, service water system heat exchanger repairs and modifications, and installation of a sodium hypochlorite system.
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Nandasiri, Ruchira, Buddhika Silva, Nethmi Senevirathene, Helani Munasinghe, Shiromi De Silva, and Renuka Jayatissa. "Comparison of the Fatty Acid Composition of Different Culinary Oils with High Saturated Coconut Oil Towards the Improvement of Public Health." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/sslx4339.
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Consumption of excess amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA) causes health-related problems. Further, to limit the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), the ratios between SFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are also introduced in addition to the ratio in between essential fatty acids (EFAs). Eight branded vegetable oils (virgin coconut, palm olein, sunflower, canola, olive, sesame, rice bran, and corn) and oil samples taken from fifth frying cycles of wade, fish, and chicken samples were analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Among analyzed oils, the highest weight percentage of SFAs (90.69%) was found in virgin coconut oil. On the contrary, other analyzed oils primarily contained unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The results indicated that the Oleic acid content of palm, canola, olive, and rice bran was 43.79%, 60.79%, 74.8%, and 43.0% respectively. Linoleic acid was the primary FA found in sunflower, sesame, and corn oils and the contents were 61.35%,41.23%, and 53.26% respectively, whereas linolenic acid was the primary FA found in canola (9.01%) with palm, sunflower, corn, rice bran, and sesame oils contained the levels of 0.18%, 0.16%, 0.66%, 1.12%, and 0.35% respectively. Results further illustrated that reheating the oils led to an increase in its TFA levels. However, the lowest TFA was obtained from the reused coconut oils (0.02%) whereas the highest TFA content was observed in reused sesame oils with the range of 2.56%-2.60% exceeding the maximum healthy content of TFA, recommended by the WHO. Hence, blending coconut oil with canola, sunflower, corn, or rice bran oils as a single oil or a mixture holds promising results in producing healthy oils to improve public health.
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Dygert, Joseph P., Melissa L. Morris, Erik M. Messick, and Patrick H. Browning. "Feasibility of an Energy Efficient Large-Scale Aquaponic Food Production and Distribution Facility." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6567.
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Today the United States is plagued by societal issues, economic insecurity, and increasing health problems. Societal issues include lack of community inclusion, pollution, and access to healthy foods. The high unemployment coupled with the rising cost of crude oil derivatives, and the growing general gap between cost of living and minimum wage levels contribute to a crippled consumer-driven US economy. Health concerns include increasing levels of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These epidemics lead to staggering economic burdens costing Americans hundreds of billions of dollars each year. It is well-known that many of the health issues impacting Americans can be directly linked to the production, availability, and quality of the food. Factors contributing to the availability of food include reduction of United States farmland, an increase in food imported from overseas, and the cost of goods to the consumer. The quality of food is influenced by the method of growth as well as imposed preservation techniques to support food transportation and distribution. At the same time, it has become increasingly common to implement biotechnology in genetically modified crops for direct human food or indirectly as a livestock feed for animals consumed by humans. Crops are also routinely dosed with pesticides and hormones in an attempt to increase productivity and revenue, with little consideration or understanding of the long term health effects. Research shows that community gardens positively impact local employment, community involvement and inclusivity, and the diets of not only those involved in food production, but all members of their households. The purpose of this work is to determine the feasibility of an energy efficient large-scale aquaponic food production and distribution facility which could directly mitigate growing socioeconomic concerns in the US through applied best practices in sustainability. Aquaponics is a symbiotic relationship between aquaculture and hydroponics, where fish and plants grow harmoniously. The energy efficient facility would be located in an urban area, and employ solar panels, natural lighting, rain water reclamation, and a floor plan optimized for maximum food yield and energy efficiency. Examples of potential crops include multiple species of berries, corn, leafy vegetables, tomatoes, peppers, squash, and carrots. Potential livestock include responsibly farmed tilapia, shrimp, crayfish, and oysters. The large scale aquaponic facility shows a lengthy period for financial return on investment whether traditional style construction of the building or a green construction style is used. However many forms of federal government aid and outside assistance exist for green construction to help drive down the risk in the higher initial investment which in the long run could end up being more profitable than going with a traditionally constructed building. Outside of financial return there are many proven, positive impacts that a large-scale aquaponic facility would have. Among these are greater social involvement and inclusivity, job creation, increased availability of fresh food, and strengthening of America’s agriculture infrastructure leading to increased American independence.
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Sanchez, Jorge. "Classification of fine hand movements of the same limb through EEG signals." In LatinX in AI at Neural Information Processing Systems Conference 2022. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai202211285.
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Discriminating fine movements within the same limb using electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a current challenge to non-invasive BCIs systems due to the close spatial representations on the motor cortex area of the brain, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the stochastic nature of this kind of signals. This research presents the performance evaluation of different strategies of classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method and power spectral density (PSD) features for three tasks: make a fist, open the hand, and keep the anatomical position of the hand. For this, EEG signals were collected from 10 healthy subjects and evaluated with different cross-validation methods: Monte Carlo, to implement an Offline Analysis And Leave-one-out for a pseudo-online implementation. The results show that the average accuracy for classifying the start of each task is approximately 76% for offline and Pseudo-online Analysis, classifying just the start of movement is 54% and 62% respectively for same both methods and 45% for and 32% classifying between classes. Based on these results, it can be said that the implementation of a BCI based on PSD features and LDA method could work to detect the start of one of the proposed tasks, but to discriminate the movement it is necessary to implement a different strategy for increase accuracy in the classification problem.
Reports on the topic "Fish health problem"
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Barzen, Jeb, and Ken Ballinger. Sandhill and Whooping Cranes. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207736.ws.
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As sandhill crane populations continue to grow in the United States, so too does crop damage, property damage to homeowners, and the risk of crane collisions with aircraft. Whooping crane populations also continue to grow, but with a global population of about 500 individuals (as of 2017), damage is rare and problems often require different solutions due to the species’ endangered status. The sandhill crane (Grus canadensis), is a long-lived, member of the crane family (Gruidae) and the most numerous of the 15 crane species found worldwide. Over the last 50 years, the species has grown from a rarity─ requiring extensive protection─ to an abundant, widespread species. As their populations have increased, so too have their conflicts with people. Both sandhill and whooping cranes are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918. This law strictly prohibits the capture, killing, or possession of sandhill and whooping cranes without proper permits. However, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) can issue depredation permits under this act for the shooting of sandhill cranes that causeagricultural damage or threaten human health and safety. No federal permit is required to use non-lethal management methods to reduce damage by sandhill cranes.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.
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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.