Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fish - general'
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Knight, Amelia Cassidy Terhune Jeffery S. "General fish health assessment and age evaluation of impinged fish at steam generating power plants." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Knight_Amelia_50.pdf.
Full textGuiny, Eliane M. "Hydraulic and biological aspects of fish passes for dams." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1565/.
Full textVerghese, Bindhu. "Electrophoretic patterns of the general proteins of four species belonging to the Family Carangidae." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1998. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11038/1/Bindhu%20Varghese.pdf.
Full textSmith, Eric S. "Refinement of the neutron-alpha and proton-alpha fish-bone potential." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523064.
Full textThe non-local fish-bone potential simulates the Pauli-exclusion principle for composite particle interactions. This model is used to calculate the phase shifts of the neutron-alpha and proton-alpha systems. We propose a local double Gaussian potential with a new parameterization by fitting to experimental results. These parameters are universal to both nucleon-alpha systems and include all partial waves, which is an improvement over previous work in the field.
Babineau, David. "Modeling the electric field and natural environment of weakly electric fish." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27222.
Full textLarson, Erik. "Serotonin modulates electrosensory processing via 5-HT2 receptors in the weakly electric fish «Apteronotus leptorhynchus»." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123302.
Full textTraitement sensoriel précis de l'environnement est une fonction essentielle pour tout organisme de survivre. Afin d'accomplir ces neurones doivent être spécialement réglés pour répondre au mieux aux stimuli pertinents dans leur environnement. Un moyen efficace de coder efficacement l'information est pour les neurones à adapter leurs réponses à des stimuli provenant de différents contextes de comportement. Neuromodulateurs comme la sérotonine (5-HT) sont pensés pour aider à la médiation de ces adaptations. Le système 5 -HT a été bien conservé à travers l'évolution des vertébrés, ce qui suggère que sa fonction a également été conservée. En Apteronotus leptorhynchus, un des poissons électriques du genre gymnotiformes, 5-HT a déjà été démontré pour augmenter sensorielles pyramidales neurones réponses situées dans le lobe de la ligne-latérale électrosensoriel (LLE) aux stimuli provoqués par des congénères de même sexe en les rendant plus excitable in vivo. Remarquablement, l'application de la 5-HT in vitro a été démontré également de rendre ces neurones plus excitables à travers à la fois la régulation négative de courants potassiques sensibles au calcium (SK) et les courants potassique de type M. Cependant, la nature des récepteurs 5-HT présents dans les neurones pyramidaux est inconnue. En utilisant les expérimentés d'occlusion lors de l'enregistrement de neurones pyramidaux in vitro, nous montrons que l'antagoniste sélectif 5-HT2, ketanserin, a peut bloquer les effets de la 5-HT sur les cellules pyramidales quantifiées par des changements dans le taux de le potentiel d'action, fraction de le potentiel d'action dans une «bouffée», après-hyperpolarisation, et l'information mutuelle. Nos résultats montrent que la régulation négative des courants à la fois M et SK est probablement atteint par la même famille récepteur et ouvrir la voie à des études moléculaires futures comme l'hybridisation in situ ou l'immunohistochimie pour confirmer que les récepteurs 5-HT2 sont bien présents dans le LLE et permettent les effets de la 5-HT a observé à la fois in vitro et in vivo.
Cazan, Alfy Morales. "Maternal transfer of metals in live-bearing fish (Cyprinodontiformes| Poeciliinae)." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622929.
Full textThis study assessed the occurrence and impacts of maternal metal transfer in live-bearing fish. The occurrence was investigated in two different species (Gambusia affinisand Heterandria formosa), while the impacts were studied only in G. affinis. Occurrence and impacts were addressed by exposing gravid females for 10 days to 0.15 μM of copper or cadmium, transferring the fish to clean water, monitoring their reproduction and collecting newborn offspring for further analyses of their health and reproductive success.
Maternal transfer of copper and cadmium occured in both study species. Metal levels decreased in subsequent broods and in broods born later after a female's exposure. Metal exposure impacted the reproductive success of exposed-females; effects included smaller broods and more broods were aborted broods or contained dead offspring. Many effects remained for second broods developing well after the exposure.
The maternal metal exposure also impacted the offspring's health. Newborn offspring were smaller at birth, had reduced calcium levels, had a lowered metal tolerance, and had cellular membrane damage. When these offspring grew up, they had an increased rate of malformations, a smaller size at sexual maturity, increased gestation time and fewer broods. In spite of the impacts on life history parameters found in the laboratory, effects on population dynamics were very limited for greenhouse mesocosm populations established with the offspring of exposed females.
Effects for the essential metal (copper) and the nonessential metal (cadmium) were generally similar. A few effects, like those on body size, were evident for copper but not for cadmium. However, several of the more severe impacts, like the increase in malformations and reductions in the number of broods, were greatest for the offspring of the cadmium-exposed females.
This is the first report demonstrating negative impacts resulting from a short-term maternal metal exposure in live-bearing fishes. Effects were evident not just for reproduction of exposed-females but also for their offspring's health and reproduction. The latter continued beyond the offspring that were developing during exposure. This study demonstrated that the internal development in live-bearing fish may not spare the developing young from impacts caused by a metal-contaminated environment.
Padhi, Abinash. "Electrophoretic Profile of the general proteins in the Green (Perna viridis Linnaeus) and the Brown (Perna indica Kuriakose & Nair) mussels." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1998. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11022/1/Abinash%20Padhi.pdf.
Full textCuddy, Martin. "Modulations in electrocommunication behaviour and non-invasively measured 11-ketotestosterone during cue-induced seasonal breeding in the weakly electric fish, «Apteronotus leptorhynchus»." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96923.
Full textLes androgènes sont corrélés avec les comportements reproductifs et agressifs. Chez les poissons faiblement électriques Apteronotus leptorhynchus, la 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) a déjà été impliquée dans la régulation des comportements de communication électriques avec des rôles prévu dans l'agression et la cour. Dans cette mémoire une méthode pour faire des mesures répétées qui ne sont pas envahissantes des androgènes libérés dans l'eau a été validée et appliquée pour la première fois dans A. leptorhynchus. Des changements dans les niveaux de 11-KT et la production des comportements de communication électrique ont été observés chez les mâles pendant une période de reproduction conditionnée. Entre les mâles, il y avait une augmentation de la fréquence de la décharge de l'organe électrique (EODf), ce qui est avec des résultats précédents montrant que les femelles matures ont une préférence pour les mâles avec des EODf élévées. Un sous-ensemble de mâles ayant des EODfs élevée a montré des augmentations dans le niveau de 11-KT et la EODf, ce qui soutient une hiérarchie de dominance fondée sur la EODf. Globalement, aucune corrélation n'a été observée entre 11-KT et EODf, ce qui suggère que d'autres facteurs sont impliqués dans la régulation du EODf dans les mâles. Les comportements de communication électrique produits pendant l'agression entre mâles servent à dissuader les attaques et leur mode de production aussi suggère la formation d'une hiérarchie de dominance. Une preuve est aussi présentée qu'un autre comportement de communication électrique impliqué dans la reproduction peut être un signal masculin de la soumission. À l'avenir, la méthode appliquée ici pour la première fois chez les poissons faiblement électriques sera en mesure de répondre à ces questions en profondeur.
Bacher, Kathrin. "Interactions between fish farming, wild fish populations, local fisheries and society: a case study in Catalonia, Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284844.
Full textEsta tesis persigue avanzar en el conocimiento de las interacciones de la piscicultura marina, de carácter multidisciplinar y estructurada en tres áreas: ecología (capítulos 1 y 2), pesca (capítulo 3) y ciencias sociales (capítulo 4). En el área de ecología, se analizó la extensión espacial y temporal del efecto atractor de peces salvajes sobre dos tipos de granjas: atún rojo (Thunnus thynnus) y dorada (Sparus aurata). En ambas el efecto atractor se restringía al límite de las jaulas, variando estacionalmente y en profundidad. Las diferencias entre granjas, permanente en doradas y estacional en atunes, se deben a diferencias en la composición específica asociadas con la localización y tipo de cultivo. El análisis de la variabilidad interna en la comunidad íctica se analizó ya que podría ser un factor distorsionador en la estimación del efecto atractor. Los resultados mostraron que la abundancia de peces en superficie disminuía significativamente en los períodos de no alimentación y durante la alimentación las concentraciones de peces disminuían en función de la distancia al barco alimentador. Por el contrario, la variabilidad de agregación en el fondo dependía exclusivamente del tipo de sustrato. La interacción con la pesca artesanal se evaluó con el fin de conocer si las granjas actúan como zonas de protección o como trampas para los peces salvajes. Los resultados no mostraron beneficio, detrimento o diferencia de la pesca en las proximidades de la granja respecto a zonas distantes (en términos de producción, ingresos y composición de las capturas). El análisis de la percepción de la acuicultura, indicador del escenario de aceptación y de elementos clave para su desarrollo, se realizó sobre cinco grupos de interés (ONGs, pescadores locales, industria de la piscicultura, científicos y administración regional) en el marco regional de Cataluña. Se identificaron cuatro percepciones; dos claramente divergentes y dos de posturas intermedias. Los impactos ambientales no fueron percibidos como de alto riesgo por la mayoría de los actores. Las principales debilidades fueron atribuidas a aspectos económicos (p. ej. la competencia con otros países productores) y sociales (p. ej. la falta de información acerca de la credibilidad de los productos acuícolas).
Chitheer, T. "Eco-evolutionary feedback in fish-zooplankton communities on the Scottish island of North Uist." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51741/.
Full textCodina, Pascual Montserrat. "Estudi de la sinapsi i de la recombinació meiòtica en espermatòcits humans mitjançant immunocitofluorescència i stM-FISH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3766.
Full textS'han processat biòpsies testiculars de set individus control i de tretze infèrtils. La detecció immunofluorescent de proteïnes de CS (SCP1 i SCP3) i de llocs de recombinació (MLH1) s'ha utilitzat por primera vegada en combinació amb un mètode de hibridació in situ fluorescent amb múltiples sondes subtelomèriques específiques (stM-FISH), que permet la identificació de tots els SCs d'una cèl·lula a paquitè.
Les regions d'heterocromatina no centromèrica, 9qh, 1qh, 16qh i braços curts dels cromosomes acrocèntrics, han presentat una major incidència d'anomalies sinàptiques, indicant que són les últimes regions del genoma en fer sinapsi. La incidència d'anomalies sinàptiques en aquestes zones varia entre individus, fet explicable per polimorfismes d'aquestes regions en la població general. Anomalies sinàptiques en altres zones, aquelles que afecten a varis CSs en un mateix nucli o aquelles presents en estadi de paquitè tardà podrien indicar una afectació severa de la sinapsis. Els CSs dels cromosomes 15 i 21 s'associen més freqüentment al parell de cromosomes sexuals possiblement degut a l'homologia existent entre les regions heterocromàtiques d'aquests cromosomes i la del cromosoma Y.
L'anàlisi de la recombinació meiòtica ha mostrat que la recombinació homòloga en el parell XY pot ser un indicador de la freqüència general de recombinació i de la progressió de la meiosi. Els resultats confirmen que una menor freqüència de recombinació pot augmentar el risc d'univalents a metafase I i que les diferències entre individus en aquesta freqüència podrien explicar la variabilitat en la freqüència d'aneuploïdies en espermatozoides humans. Els resultats de distribució de punts de MLH1 en cada CS i de les distancies entre aquests punts ens ha permès proposar un model de com es distribueixen aquests punts al llarg del CS.
L'anàlisi de la longitud del CS ha mostrat que cada un dels braços del CS, de manera independent a l'altre, pot variar la seva longitud relativa en comparació a la longitud relativa dels cromosomes mitòtics. En el treball s'evidencia que aquesta variació de la longitud relativa pot reflectir la quantitat de fibres compactes i no compactes de cromatina presents a la zona.
Finalment, la observació d'una cèl·lula tetraploide en estadi de paquitè, possiblement originada per endoreduplicació, demostra que la sinapsi i la recombinació meiòtica poden tenir lloc en aquestes cèl·lules en humans. A més a més, permet suposar que aquestes cèl·lules són un altre possible origen de espermatozoides diploides.
Durant el transcurs d'aquest estudi s'ha caracteritzat citogenèticament un isocromosoma dicèntric Yq(p11.32) en mosaic en un individuo azoospermic, mitjançant FISH amb sondes específiques pel cromosoma Y.
During meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes are joined forming bivalents and they exchange genetic material by the processes of synapsis and crossing over. The synaptonemal complex (SC) appears along the synapsis axis. Synapsis and crossover anomalies have been considered as two possible causes of partial or total meiotic arrest. The general aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of synaptic and crossover anomalies in controls and infertile men in order to characterise different degrees of anomaly in these processes in idiopathic infertility.
Testicular biopsies from seven controls and thirteen infertile men have been processed. Immunolabelling of SC proteins (SCP1and SCP3) and of DNA mismatch repair proteins present in crossover foci (MLH1) has been applied, for the first time, in combination with the seven-fluorochrome subtelomere-specific multiplex FISH assay (stM-FISH) in order to analyse synapsis and crossovers individually in each SC of a nucleus at pachytene.
SCs regions with non-centromeric heterochromatin, 9qh, 1qh, 16qh and short arms of acrocentric chromosomes, have presented the highest incidence of gaps and splits, indicating that these are the last regions in the genome to synapse. Interindividual variability in the incidence of synaptic anomalies in these regions may be explained by polymorphisms of these regions in the general population. Synaptic anomalies in other SC regions, those affecting several SCs or present in late pachytene nuclei may indicate nuclei with a severely affected synapsis. Autosomal SC15 and SC21 associate with the XY pair more frequently than other SCs, possibly due to the homology between non-centromeric heterochromatins in the short arm of chromosomes 15 and 21 and in the q arm of chromosome Y.
The analysis of crossovers shows that the amount of XY pairs with a crossover could be an indicator for general crossover frequency and for a successful meiotic process. Results confirm that reduction in the crossover frequency may increase the risk of achiasmatic small bivalents, and that interindividual differences in crossover frequency could explain the variability in the frequencies of aneuploidy in human sperm. How MLH1 foci are positioned within the SC is discussed based on detailed MLH1 foci distributions and interfoci distances.
SC length analysis has shown that SC arms can be longer or shorter than the corresponding mitotic ones. Moreover, for a given SC, the variation in length found in one arm was independent of the variation observed in the other one. Evidence that the variation of the SC arm length may reflect the abundance of open and of compact chromatin fibres in the arm is shown.
The finding of a tetraploid pachytene, possibly originated by endoreduplication, demonstrates that synapsis and crossover events can occur in these cells in humans. Moreover, it indicates that diploid sperm may also originate from tetraploid meiotic cells.
During this study, a dicentric Yq(p11.32) isochromosome has been cytogenetically characterised in an azoospermic male by FISH using specific probes for chromosome Y.
Yazgan, Tavsanoglu Ulku Nihan. "Zooplankton Adaptation Strategies Against Fish Predation In Turkish Shallow Lakes." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615354/index.pdf.
Full text(ii) in-situ mesocosm experiments in eleven lakes along a latitudinal gradient using three sets of artificial plants systems
(iii)&lsquo
Habitat Choice&rsquo
laboratory experiments mimicking a &lsquo
shallow littoral&rsquo
zone with plants and a &lsquo
deeper pelagic&rsquo
zone with sediments testing the response of Daphnia magna to predation cues
and (iv) long-term monitoring data (1997-2011) from two interconnected lakes. Snap-shot and long-term monitoring showed that eutrophication has a strong influence on the zooplankton community via increased fish predation, nutrient loading and salinization. Here too the zooplankton community shifted towards a smaller sized profile, especially in lakes located at lower latitudes. Moreover, The laboratory and in-situ mesocosm experiments revealed that under predation risk Daphnia preferred to hide near sediment instead of using submerged plants as a refuge. Accordingly, in-situ mesocosm experiments revealed a predation pressure induced size structure shift towards small-medium sized zooplankton and calanoid copepods. The long-term monitored lakes experienced (i) drought-induced water level drop, leading to increased salinity and eutrophication, and consequent anoxic conditions and fish kill
as well as (ii) biomanipulation in the downstream. Both conditions resulted in major reduction in the top-down control of fish and ultimate predomination by large sized Daphnia spp. Nevertheless, the excessive exploitation of lakes and ongoing warming entail Turkish shallow lakes to become more eutrophic, making this study indicative for the Mediterranean region.
Konovalenko, Lena. "Element transport in aquatic ecosystems – Modelling general and element-specific mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110064.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Kepenek, Ayse Ozge. "Preliminary Approch For The Determination Of Fish Exuded Kairomone Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606942/index.pdf.
Full textLorenzi, Varenka. "The Behavioral Neuroendocrinology of Fish Sex Change: The Role of Steroids and Monoamines." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/76.
Full textOk, Meltem. "Evaluation Of The Demersal Fish Assemblages Of The Northeastern Levant Sea." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615068/index.pdf.
Full textr-strategy&rdquo
of the species. In this study, generalized additive models of Mullus barbatus explain 81.5 % variations in Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), 55.2 % in Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) and 43.9 % in Condition Factor (K). The time component in the GAM model captures the same cyclic pattern observed in GSI of Mullus barbatus. Besides, The GAM results suggest that the highest GSI values associated with the bottom water temperature are between 18 &ndash
19 °
C while the partial effect of bottom salinity is at 38.7 psu. A positive effect of depth on GSI of the species starts after 60 meters depth and increasing trend continues until 125 meters depth and then decreases. The HSI results are almost identical to GSI outputs indicating that the effects of the parameters concerned act in a similar manner. The results of the GAM models failed to explain influence of environmental parameters on vertical and seasonal distribution of adult Mullus barbatus. However 83.5 % variances were explained in distribution of juveniles. The salinity and temperature have the highest impact on the distribution of juveniles among the parameters evaluated. The results indicate that the occurrence of Atlantic Water in the area has a positive influence on M. barbatus, particularly on the recruits through either by its low salinity or by another factor associated with this water mass. The vertical distribution range are set by the high temperatures (>
27 °
C) at the shallow depths during summer and the low temperatures on the shelf break zone (<
16 °
C). A comparison of vertical abundance distribution of Mullus barbatus and the vertical temperature variations indicate that the species may tolerate up to 27 °
C and then individuals move to the deeper depths so that to the cooler waters when the temperature exceeds their tolerance limit. As well as the life history traits adopted by the species, there are some other factors providing advantages to the species. The fisheries regulations, particularly the time limits applied in the area are in favor of the species especially of pre-recruits. In the study area the pre-recruitment phase and summer YOY aggregations in shallow waters of most species studied in this thesis take place during a time when the fishing season is closed.
Murray, David S. "The role of physical structure and micronutrient provisioning in determining egg quality and performance in fish." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3563/.
Full textOzen, Arda. "Role Of Hydrology, Nutrients And Fish Predation In Determining The Ecology Of A System Of Shallow Lakes." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607600/index.pdf.
Full textDecember, 1999. Upon biomanipulation, Lake Eymir shifted to clearwater state with submerged vegetation domination during 2000-2003. However, in 2004, the lake shifted back to algae-dominated turbid state since the buffer mechanisms provided by submerged plants were absent. In the summer of 2005, fish kills were observed due to algal bloom. However, due to increasing hydraulic residence time in the lake, internal processes became more important for nutrients. Lake Mogan faces seasonal and interannual water level fluctuations. During the low water levels experienced in 2001 and 2005, which coincided with the high hydraulic residence times, the in-lake phosphorus amount was controlled by internal processes rather than external loading. Moreover, results revealed that hydrology and submerged plants were important in the ecology of Lake Mogan. Furthermore, the relationship between the phytoplankton, zooplankton and the environment in Lakes Eymir and Mogan, which was predicted via Canonical Corresponding Analysis, revealed that nutrients and water transparency were both important for plankton communities. Both the top-down and bottom up effects were valid in Lake Eymir, while only the bottom-up effect and submerged plants were important for Lake Mogan. Finally, the present study provided a good example for the submerged plant dominated clearwater state triggered by biomanipulation, and the impact of hydrology on the ecology of shallow lakes.
Baró, Llàcer Cristina. "Aplicació de la citogenètica, hibridació in situ fluorescent (FISH) i cariotipat espectral (SKY) per a la caracterització genètica dels limfomes de la zona marginal esplènica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/368220.
Full textSplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a well recognized entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) that show clinical, morphological and immunophenotypical characteristic features. In contrast with other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, SMZL does not present an associated genetic aberration. Complex chomosomal alterations are obseved in about 80% of cases and 7q deletion and trisomy 3 are the most recurrent anomalies and are considered characteristic in SMZL. Apart from 3 and 7, recent studies described as the more frequent involved chromosomes in this entity chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 12 and 14. Regarding translocations involving immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, only few sporadic series has been published concluding that Ig translocations could be a secondary event in SMZL. The aim of this memory is to present a comprehensive study of SMZL performing conventional banding cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) techniques to detect new aberrations and genetic markers associated with this entity. Our results confirm the high incidence of 7q deletion and trisomy 3 as well as a high implication of chromosomes 3, 6, 8, 9 and 12 in chromosomal alterations. SKY technique was very helpful to redefine complex karyotypes and combined with FISH techniques we could detect new chromosomal translocations associated to SMZL. In the same way, we could observe that translocations involving Ig genes are more common than has been described in this entity and in some cases these aberrations are masked by the complexity of the karyotypes.
Durban, Llenas Mercè. "Estudi citogenètic del primer corpuscle polar d'oòcits d'hàmster i d'humans: diagnòstic genètic preimplantacional mitjançant l'anàlisi de primer corpuscle polar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3813.
Full textEl objetivo general de este trabajo ha sido poner a punto un método de DGP-1CP mediante la técnica de análisis citogenético molecular conocida con el nombre de hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH). Nos hemos centrado en la aplicación clínica del DGP-1CP en mujeres portadoras de translocaciones robertsonianas y mujeres portadoras de translocaciones recíprocas.
La metodología de obtención de extensiones cromosómicas de 1CP para realizar el análisis citogenético, se ha puesto a punto en un modelo animal (hámster, Mesocricetus auratus) y se ha adecuado a ovocitos humanos descartados de ciclos de FIV antes o después de su inseminación. Los Comités Éticos de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) y del Centro de FIV correspondiente han aprobado el protocolo a seguir para realizar el presente estudio y los ovocitos han sido donados por pacientes cuando estaban llevando a cabo su ciclo de FIV.
Se han elaborado dos series de parejas 1CP-MII procedentes de ovocitos humanos no inseminados y descartados post inseminación, y se ha demostrado que las dotaciones cromosómicas son complementarias. La tasa de aneuploidia ha sido nula para ovocitos no inseminados y de un 5,1 % en ovocitos descartados por no mostrar signos de fecundación. La concordancia en parejas 1CP-MII en ovocitos no inseminados ha sido del 100 % y del 95,1 % en ovocitos descartados post inseminación.
También se han estudiado citogeneticamente, ovocitos inmaduros y cigotos humanos anómalos, descartados de ciclos de FIV después de su inseminación y donados por las pacientes. Tras el análisis citogenético mediante FISH, se ha demostrado que un 25,4 % de los complementos cromosómicos correspondientes a ovocitos inmaduros son euploides en estadio de metafase I y el resto son aneuploides. Se ha observado una mayor incidencia de aneuploidia en ovocitos inmaduros descartados post inseminación (88,2 %) que en ovocitos inmaduros no inseminados (47,1 %). En cuanto a los cigotos anómalos descartados de ciclos de FIV con inseminación convencional por tener más de dos pronúcleos, en todos ellos la ploidía correspondía al número de núcleos observado. Por el contrario los cigotos con un único pronúcleo pueden ser diploides (88,9 %) o haploides (11,1 %).
Aplicando el DGP-1CP a cinco mujeres portadoras de translocaciones robertsonianas y a cuatro mujeres portadoras de translocaciones recíprocas, y haciendo una revisión de los casos publicados hasta el momento, se ha hecho evidente que en mujeres portadoras de translocaciones robertsonianas la frecuencia de ovocitos cromosómicamente normales o equilibrados para la anomalía estudiada es del 60 % y en mujeres portadoras de translocaciones recíprocas es del 40 %. Se ha evidenciado una correlación estadísticamente positiva entre la frecuencia teórica de puntos calientes de recombinación y la incidencia observada de no disyunción de cromosomas homólogos en mujeres portadoras de translocaciones recíprocas con mínimo nuevo ovocitos diagnosticados.
In females, the particular characteristics of the gametogenesis allow the indirect characterization of the chromosome constitution of the gamete through the study of the first polar body (1PB) and these presents an opportunity for germ line analysis. The 1PB contents a chromosome set complementary to that of the oocyte. Thus, the 1PB can be analysed to obtain information on the chromosomal constitution of the corresponding oocyte, which is maintained in culture.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) using the first polar body is a modality of PGD that can be used when the woman is the carrier of a genetic disease or of a balanced chromosomal reorganization.
Here, we describe a procedure to obtain 1PB chromosome complements and our experience based on the analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of unfertilized or fresh human oocytes and non-inseminated control human oocytes, by fixing separately the 1PB and the corresponding oocyte, and on the study of nine clinical cases of PGD using 1PB biopsy (five Robertsonian translocations and four reciprocal translocations).
The method was developed in an animal model (Syrian hamster). Human samples were donated by patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The Informed Consent Form and the protocol for the study were approved by the Ethics Committees of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and the IVF Centre.
In fresh oocytes, the chromosome morphology of the 1PB was well preserved, and the results were always concordant for each 1PB-oocyte pair. This indicates that the 1PB can be reliably used for the diagnosis of chromosome reorganizations. The frequency of aneuploidy was zero in fresh oocytes and 5.1 % in unfertilized oocytes.
Moreover, we describe the study of immature oocytes and abnormal zygotes from IVF cycles. We observed that 25.4 % of the chromosome complements from immature oocytes, were euploid in metaphase I, and the rest of complements were aneuploid. We observed more aneuploidy in immature oocytes discarded post insemination (88.2 %) than in immature oocytes non-inseminated (47.1 %). The ploidy of all zygotes with more than two pronuclei was concordant with the number of nuclei observed. Nevertheless, the zygotes with only one pronucleus were 88.9 % diploids and 11.1 % haploids.
Applying PGD-1PB to five female carriers of Robertsonian translocations and four carriers of reciprocal translocations, and reviewing the cases published, we observed that in women carriers of Robertsonian translocations robertsonianas and in women carriers of reciprocal translocations, the frequency of normal or balanced oocytes was 60 %, and 40 % respectively. In reciprocal translocation cases, published in the literature or studied by us, in whom at least nine oocytes had been diagnosed, a correlation has been found between the frequency of non-disjunction observed and the theoretical recombination rate.
Salido, Galeote Marta. "Caracterització genètica del limfoma esplènic de la zona marginal (LEZM)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129387.
Full textThis thesis contains the results of genetic characterization of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (LZME). It is presented as a compendium of publications, and includes, in this order, the sections: Introduction, Hypothesis and Objectives, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Bibliography and Appendices. The introduction summarises the lymphomagenesis and the the origin of B lymphocytes, and details the anatomy of the organs involved in this process. Below there is an introduction to mature B-cell neoplasms explaining the current classification of lymphomas and detailing the cytogenetic and molecular alterations. More specifically explains the clinical and biological features of LZME. Finally, there is a summary of methods used for detecting chromosomal and molecular alterations in cancer. The results contain a brief summary of the papers included in this thesis and also included articles published as a result of this work. In the discussion section, the results are analysed and compared with other studies in the literature. Finally, there is a chapter appendices containing materials and methods used in this thesis and supplementary tables of one of the papers included.
Saraoglu, Ece. "Impact Of Water Level Fluctuations And Fish On Macroinvertebrate Community And Periphyton Growth In Shallow Lakes - A Mesocosm Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614220/index.pdf.
Full textSeptember 2009 in order to elucidate the effects of water level changes and fish predation on periphyton growth and macroinvertebrates in semi-arid shallow lakes. Twenty four cylindrical enclosures, each with 1.2 m diameter, open to lake bottom and atmosphere, were placed at three different depths, i.e. 0.8 m (low water level, LW), 1.6 m (high water level, HW) and 2.3 m (however, data regarding the enclosures at 2.3 m were excluded in this study due to complications after fifth sampling) to simulate water level fluctuations. At each water level, four replicates were stocked with omnivorous&ndash
planktivorous fish (Tinca tinca and Alburnus escherichii) and the other four replicates were left fishless to observe the effect of fish predation. Ten shoots of submerged macrophytes (Potamogeton pectinatus) were planted and six polyethylene strips were hung in the water column in each enclosure to monitor macrophyte and periphyton growth. The mesocosms were sampled for physical, chemical and biological parameters weekly in the first month and fortnightly thereafter. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were taken before the start, in the middle and at the end of the experiment with Kajak corer. Macrophytes were harvested after the last sampling for determination of dry weight, epiphyton, and the associated macroinvertebrates. All macroinvertebrate samples were sieved through 212 &mu
m mesh size before identification and counting. Over the course of the experiment, an average of 0.46 ±
0.03 m water level decrease in the mesocosms triggered submerged macrophyte growth in all LW enclosures, overriding the negative effects of fish predation. The results indicate that while fish predation pressure had negative influences on macroinvertebrate communities in terms of both abundance and richness, structural complexity created by dense vegetation in the LW mesocosms weakened the top-down effect of fish on macroinvertebrates by acting as a refuge in this semi-arid shallow lake.
Lloveras, Caballé Elisabet. "Contribució de la citogenètica convencional i la hibridació in situ a l'estudi de les gammapaties monoclonals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3662.
Full textS'han estudiat 53 pacients afectes de gammapatia monoclonal de significat incert (GMSI), 54 pacients amb mieloma múltiple (MM) i 7 pacients amb leucèmia de cèl.lules plasmàtiques.
S'han aplicat les següents tècniques: la citogenètica convencional, el mètode MAC, la hibridació in situ fluorescent (FISH) i la tècnica de May-Grünwald Giemsa-FISH (FISH).
S'han presentat els resultats de tres articles:
-"The contribution of cytogenetics and in situ hybridization in the study of monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 132: 25-29, 2002.
-"Cytogenetic and FISH studies in 60 patients with multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukaemia" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 148: 71-76, 2004.
-"Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies in four cases of plasma cell leukaemia (PCL)" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 121: 163-166, 2000.
I un annex de tres articles més:
-"May-Grünwald-Giemsa- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (MGG-FISH) technique applied to a plasma cell leukemia" Haematologica 84 (6): 568-569, 1999.
-"A new case of Turner syndrome associated with multiple myeloma" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 171(1): 80-81, 2000.
-"Técnicas de hibridación in situ (HIS). Fundamento y aplicaciones en neoplasias hematológicas" Sangre 44 (4): 261-267, 1999.
Les conclusions que es van obtenir van ser les següents:
1. Els estudis citogenètics en GMSI no són informatius degut a que la cèl.lula que entra en divisió no és la cèl.lula plasmàtica. La FISH sobre el total de cèl.lules de moll d'os és fiable i permet detectar alteracions encara que possiblement enmascara alguns pacients amb aneuploidies.
2. Els pacients amb GMSI tipus IgA s'associen de forma estadísticament significativa a la presència d'una monosomia 18.
3. La citogenètica convencional en MM només detecta alteracions en un 50% dels casos. Les alteracions més freqüents són les alteracions al cromosoma 1, reordenaments a 14q32 i la monosomia 13.
4. L'associació entre monosomia 18 i IgA no s'ha confirmat.
5. El 100% dels pacients amb LCP presenten alteracions citogenètiques, freqüentment amb hipodiploidia i monosomia 13.
6. La técnica MGG-FISH permet determinar en quina cèl.lula es troba l'alteració citogenética.
The present study is based in the cytogenetic study of monoclonal gammopathies. Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of a clone of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
Samples were collected from 53 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 54 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 7 patients with plasma cell leukemia.
We applied the following techniques: conventional cytogenetics, the MAC method, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and May-Grünwald-Giemsa-FISH (MGG-FISH) technique.
Results were published three papers:
-"The contribution of cytogenetics and in situ hybridization in the study of monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 132: 25-29, 2002.
-"Cytogenetic and FISH studies in 60 patients with multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukaemia" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 148: 71-76, 2004.
-"Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies in four cases of plasma cell leukaemia (PCL)" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 121: 163-166, 2000.
And another three papers were included in an annex:
-"May-Grünwald-Giemsa- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (MGG-FISH) technique applied to a plasma cell leukemia" Haematologica 84 (6): 568-569, 1999.
-"A new case of Turner syndrome associated with multiple myeloma" Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 171(1): 80-81, 2000.
-"Técnicas de hibridación in situ (HIS). Fundamento y aplicaciones en neoplasias hematológicas" Sangre 44 (4): 261-267, 1999.
Conclusions were:
1. Cytogenetic studies in MGUS are not informative because the cell that we studied is not the plasma cell. FISH applied in the totality of the bone marrow cells is trust worthy but probably, in some of our cases, the aneuploid plasma cells cannot be detected because their low percentage.
2. Patients with MGUS and IgA type are associated with the presence of monosomy 18.
3. Conventional cytogenetics in MM can detect abnormal karyotypes in 50% of cases. The more frequent abnormalities are rearrangements in chromosome 1 and 14q32 and monosomy 13.
4. The association of monosomy 18 and IgA was not observed in our series of MM.
5. The 100% of patients with PCL presented cytogenetic abnormalities, frequently hypodiploidy and monosomy 13.
6. The MGG-FISH technique permits to determine which cell presents the cytogenetic abnormality.
Tuba, Bucak. "Determining The Roles Of Water Level And Fish Predation On Submerged Plant Growth In Shallow Lakes Using Mesocosm Experiment." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612995/index.pdf.
Full text0.06 m in each enclosures. Water level was so critical for macrophyte development that no significant macrophyte growth was observed in enclosures located at 1.6 m (HW). However, fish predation did not prevent the growth of macrophyte in enclosures located at 0.8 m (LW) but it was important in HW enclosure for affecting water clarity. Fish predation affected chlorophyll a, zooplankton and nutrient concentrations and the effect was mostly pronounced at LW enclosures. They had high chlorophyll a and nutrient concentrations but it did not repress macrophyte growth as in temperate lakes. Despite high water clarity in HW fishless enclosures, very low macrophyte biomass may be attributed to enhanced periphyton development. Zooplankton community shifted to small sized ones under fish predation while fishless enclosures had higher zooplankton /phytoplankton ratio for each depth. Hence, regarding these results it can be stated that decrease in water level can compensate the negative effects of fish predation on macrophyte growth in warm Mediterranean lakes.
Karapinar, Burcu. "Role Of Hydrology, Sewage Effluent Diversion And Fish On Mass Balance Of Nutrients In A System Of Shallow Lakes Mogan And Eymir, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606542/index.pdf.
Full textZamora, Plana Lurdes. "Caracterització Biològica de la Trombocitemia Essencial i la Policitemia Vera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3667.
Full textLa PV és el resultat de la proliferació anormal d'una cèl·lula mare pluripotent, que dóna lloc a una hemopoesi clonal d'hematies, granulòcits i plaquetes, amb predomini d'hiperplàsia eritroide sobre la resta de línies hemopoètiques.
La TE és una SMPC caracteritzada per un increment persistent de la xifra de plaquetes i per una hiperplàsia megacariocítica en la medul·la òssia.
Un dels criteris diagnòstics majors de la PV i majoria dels criteris diagnòstics de la TE són criteris d'exclusió. Aquest fet fa que constantment s'estiguin buscant nous biomarcadors que ajudin al diagnòstics d'aquestes patologies. Les tècniques que s'han utilitzat en aquestes tesi amb aquest propòsit han sigut:
1. Citogenètica convencional:
- PV: Al moment del diagnòstic entre el 13-18% dels pacients presenten un cariotip alterat mitjançant tècniques de citogenètica convencional. Les alteracions més freqüents són: del(20q) (25%), trisomia 8 (16%), trisomia 9 (16%) (tampoc era rar trobar les dues trisomies 8 i 9 juntes en el mateix pacient), duplicacions de bandes inespecífiques d'1q o trisomies d'1q (10%), seguit per del(13q), del(11q), del(7q), del(5q) i trisomia 21.
- TE: Al moment del diagnòstic entre el 5% i 10% dels casos presenten alteracions cromosòmiques. Entre les alteracions citogenètiques més descrites en la TE trobem les delecions dels braços llargs dels cromosomes 20 (del(20q)) i 13 (del(13q)) i les trisomies 8 i 9.
2. Hibridació in situ fluorescent:
- PV: El percentatge de pacients amb alteracions cromosòmiques que es detecten mitjançant la tècnica de FISH varia entre 14.3% i 71.5% en funció de cada sèrie.
- TE: El percentatge de pacients amb alteracions cromosòmiques que es detecten mitjançant la tècnica de FISH varia entre 15% i 55% en funció de cada sèrie.
3. Estudi de clonalitat mitjançant el gen HUMARA:
- PV: El percentatge de clonalitat entre les pacients afectes de PV oscil·la entre el 41% i el 73%.
- TE: El percentatge de clonalitat entre les pacients afectes de TE oscil·la entre el 18.7% i el 68%.
La tècnica més útil com a nou biomarcador ha estat l'estudi de clonalitat mitjançant el gen HUMARA. Ara bé, la recerca constant de possibles biomarcadors (ex. PRV-1, JAK2...) poden superar la eficacia d'aquesta tècnica.
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) are chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) arising from the clonal expansion of a pluripotential stem cell. Specific genetic lesions have not been recognized for both disorders, so, diagnostic criteria still are based on the presence or absence of particular clinical and laboratory features
In recent years, there have been attempts to find new positive criteria that could help in the diagnosis of ET and PV, such as spontaneous in vitro colony formation of erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques and analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns (XCIPs). This thesis wants to better characterize PV and ET. For this propose it has been used the following methodologies:
1. Conventional Cytogenetics:
- PV: At diagnosis between 13-18% of patients has an abnormal karyotype with conventional cytogenetics methodologies. The most frequent abnormalities are del(20q) (25%), trisomy 8 (16%), trisomy 9 (16%) (we can also find both alterations together in the same patient), duplications of unspecific bands from 1q or trisomy 1q (10%), del(13q), del(11q), del(7q), del(5q) and trisomy 21.
- TE: At diagnosis between 5-10% of patients has an abnormal karyotype with conventional cytogenetics methodology. The most frequent abnormalities are del(20q)), del(13q) and trisomy 8 and 9.
2. Fluorescent in situ hybridization:
- PV: The percentage of patients with abnormalities detected by FISH goes from 14.3% to 71.5% depending on the series.
- TE: The percentage of patients with abnormalities detected by FISH goes from 15% to 55% depending on the series.
3. Clonality study with HUMARA gene:
- PV: The percentage of clonality between patients goes from 41% to 73%.
- TE: The percentage of clonality between patients goes from 18.7% to 68%.
The most useful technique as a biomarker has been the clonality study with the HUMARA gene. But the constant investigation of new possible biomarkers (ex. PRV-1, JAK2...) could be even more useful than this one.
Akkas, Sara Banu. "The Effect Of Ecotoxicants On The Aquatic Food Web And Prey-predator Relationships." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610823/index.pdf.
Full texts priorities were two-fold: a novel approach utilizing higher-tier ecotoxicity bioassay-guided ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy to better understand the impact of the presence of fish predation pressure &ndash
mimicked by predator-exuded info-chemicals &ndash
on cypermethrin or salinity toxicity to Daphnia pulex &ndash
key-stone species in lake ecosystems &ndash
and ultimately better assess toxicant-induced alterations at both organismal and molecular levels. This approach indicates that even low concentrations of cypermethrin/salinity had significant molecular and organismal effects on daphnids. Fish kairomone acted as a major factor affecting toxicant severity, interacting antagonistically below a threshold and synergistically above. Moreover, molecular ATR-FTIR spectroscopic results, clearly consistent with organismal responses, showed that both cypermethrin and salinity lead to decreased contributions of lipid and proteins to the investigated daphnid systems. It is further suggested that the action mechanism of the fish-exuded kairomone occurs via the lipid metabolism of Daphnia. Hence, infrared spectroscopic results enabled detection of early molecular alterations, whose effects might not always be observable at the organismal level. The results of this study clearly indicate that the simplistic nature of standard ecotoxicology tests hinders a precise judgment of threats imposed by chemicals of interest. Furthermore, it has been shown that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for studies on daphnid responses to varying environmental conditions. Thus, this study presents a starting point for increasing the environmental realism of aquatic risk assessment.
Lopez, Michele. ""Breaking the lawn chair, skinning the fish" : Categorization and Gender Differences in Slang Use in the TV Series Sex Education." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Engelska, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45838.
Full textEscalona, Mena Ariadna. "Aplicació de les tècniques de citogenètica molecular per a l'establiment d'associacions genotip-fenotip." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3839.
Full textEn aquest treball s'han analitzat 145 mostres de pacients que presentaven malformacions congènites i/o retard mental i infertilitat i amb un cariotip normal o anormal sense acabar de ser caracteritzat per citogenètica convencional. Les 145 mostres s'han dividit en cinc grups: GRUP A: 90 pacients amb cariotip normal i quadre clínic; GRUP B: 8 barons 46,XX; GRUP C: 10 pacients portadors d'anomalies cromosòmiques "aparentment" equilibrades; GRUP D: 18 pacients amb monosomies o trisomies parcials i el GRUP E: 19 pacients amb cromosomes marcador.
S'han aplicat tècniques d'extracció d'ADN, de cultiu cel·lular, i d'obtenció d'extensions metafàsiques per analitzar les mostres. Amb l'ADN extret, s'han aplicat les tècniques de MLPA (P036B, P070, P106-B1), de CGH/HR-CGH (Nick translation kit) i d'aCGH (qChip Post de 60000 clons i xip de 19000 clons). A partir de les extensions metafàsiques, s'han aplicat diferents tècniques de FISH: locus específica, pintat cromosòmic, sondes de cromosomes artificials de bactèries, multipintat, multicolor centromèrica i de bandeig multicolor.
L'aplicació d'una bateria de tècniques de citogenètica molecular ha permès confirmar la presència d'anomalies cromosòmiques al 7.8 % dels pacients del grup A i s'ha proposat un protocol d'actuació en un laboratori de diagnòstic clínic per aquest tipus de pacients. Respecte al grup B, s'ha evidenciat l'existència d'heterogeneïtat de material corresponent a la regió pseudoautosòmica XPAR1 que podria contribuir a la variabilitat fenotípica que presenten els barons 46,XX,SRY+. Pel que fa als resultats obtinguts al grup C, s'ha caracteritzat amb més precisió l'anomalia cromosòmica al 55% dels casos. L'estudi del grup D ha permès caracteritzar l'origen cromosòmic implicat en les diferents anomalies en tots els casos. A més, s'ha confirmat l'anomalia detectada per CGH/HR-CGH al 78 % dels casos i la FISH amb sondes BAC ha permès redefinir els punts de trencament implicats en l'anomalia cromosòmica en tots els casos en què ha estat aplicada. Finalment, respecte al grup E, la combinació de diferents tècniques de citogenètica molecular ha permès una identificació de l'origen del sSMC al 94.7% dels pacients. S'ha proposat també un protocol d'actuació en un laboratori de diagnòstic clínic i s'ha vist que l'origen cromosòmic més comú del marcador ha estat el cromosoma 15 (10 casos), seguit del cromosoma 8 (3 casos), 13/21 ó 14/22 (2 casos) i dels cromosomes 2 , 7 , 9 i 22 (1 cas).
Paral·lelament, l'anàlisi dels punts de trencament implicats en les diferents anomalies cromosòmiques estudiades , ha revelat que la seva distribució al genoma no és a l'atzar, ja que la majoria es localitzen en les bandes clares (un 61%), que corresponen a regions amb major densitat gènica. També, que majoritàriament els punts de trencament coincideixen amb bandes riques en duplicacions segmentàries (DSs) i en regions on s'han descrit variacions en el número de còpies (CNVs) (un 83% i un 94% respectivament). A més a més, cap de les regions CNVs implicades als casos que presentaven un fenotip normal havia estat associada a alguna síndrome clínica a la literatura, mentre que entre el 18% i el 25% de les regions CNVs implicades en els punts de trencament dels pacients amb anomalies cromosòmiques i fenotip alterat, sí que havien estat associades a síndromes clíniques segons la literatura.
Nowadays there are many people who consult The Genetic Clinical Services because of congenital malformations and/or mental retardation. In these cases, it is essential to make a proper genetic diagnosis as well as a good clinical exploration in order to establish accurate genotype-phenotype associations.
145 samples from patients presenting congenital malformations and/or mental retardation and infertility with a normal or an abnormal karyotype have been studied in this work. These samples have been classified in 5 different groups. Group A: 90 patients with a normal karyotype and clinical manifestations; Group B: 8 46,XX males; Group C: 10 patients with apparently balanced chromosomal abnormalities; Group D: 18 patients with partial monosomies or trisomies and Group E: 19 carriers of supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC).
DNA extraction protocols, cell culture and metaphase spreads have been applied in order to analyze all these samples. MLPA (P036B, P070, P106-B1 kits), CGH/HR-CGH (Nick translation kit) and/or aCGH (qChip Post of 60000 clones and a chip of 19000 clones) techniques were applied from extracted DNA. To confirm these results, different FISH techniques (MFISH, cenMFISH and subcenMFISH) have been used over metaphase spreads.
The use of a variety of molecular cytogenetic techniques has allowed the identification and confirmation of chromosomal anomalies in 7.8% of the patients from group A. Besides, a protocol of proceedings has been suggested to use in private clinical laboratories in such cases. In reference to group B, this battery has shown that the pseudoautosomal region XPAR1 can be very heterogeneous in these patients, and this heterogeneity might contribute to the phenotypic variability of 46,XX,SRY+ males. Referring to group C, a more accurate identification of the chromosomal anomaly has been obtained in 55% of cases. The study of patients from group D has allowed the identification of the chromosomal origin of the anomaly in all the cases. The CGH/HR-CGH results have been confirmed in 78% of these patients. Besides, FISH with BAC probes has demonstrated to be a very useful tool in order to identify the break points involved in all the chromosomal anomalies analyzed. Finally, in reference to group E, this battery of techniques has allowed the identification of the origin of SMC in 94.7% of cases. Another protocol of proceedings has been suggested to use in private clinical laboratories in such cases. The marker chromosomes more frequently analyzed in this work derived from chromosomes 15 (10 cases), 8 (3 cases), 13/21 or 14/22 (2 cases) and 2, 7, 9 and 22 (1 case each).
On the other side, the analysis of all the break points involved in the chromosomal anomalies studied in this series of patients has revealed that their distribution along the human genome is not random, since the 61% were located in white bands, which are gene-rich. Besides, they do also tend to locate in DSs-rich bands and in regions where CNVs have been described (83% and 94% respectively). Furthermore, none of the CNVs involved in phenotypic normal cases had been described as pathogenic previously , whereas over the 18%-25% of the CNVs identified at the break points in patients with an abnormal phenotype had been associated with clinical syndromes according to the literature.
Duran, Puig Assumpta. "Alteracions cromosòmiques radioinduïdes: Estudis en irradiacions parcials i retrospectius." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48531.
Full textBiological dosimetry is is a field that has developed within the radioprotection to estimate the dose of ionizing radiation exposure in cases that physical dosimetry is not enough reliable or is unkown. In biological dosymetry, the more established methodology for estimating the dose of radiation exposure is based on extrapolate the frequency of a specific chromosomal alteration in a dose‐effect curve previously prepared. There are several factors that can vary the frequency of chromosome aberrations among these is the case of partial body irradiations, which occurs when radiation affects only a part of the body. In those cases the dose will be underestimated. In order to simulate partial body dose irradiations peripheral blood samples were irradiated at 2, 3, 4 and 5 Gy of X‐rays, and mixed with non‐irradiated blood to obtain the following percentages of irradiated blood: 87.5, 75, 50, 25 and 12.5. FISH painting was performed using whole chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 1, 4, and 11 in combination with a pancentromeric probe. Chromosome aberrations were recorded using the PAINT nomenclature, and later converted to the modified PAINT and conventional nomenclature. The u‐test was initially used to evaluate the expected overdispersion due to the presence of unexposed cells, but a test based on the zero‐inflated Poisson model (s‐test) is also proposed. Dose‐estimations for the different types of chromosome aberrations were calculated by Dolphin’s method and using the FISH dose‐effect curves previously obtained using the same whole‐chromosome probes. The expected overdispersion due to the presence of unirradiated cells was only detected at high doses and low percentages of irradiated blood. The two methods used to detect the deviation from the Poisson distribution showed a similar ability. Dose estimations for the irradiated fraction were closer to the real values for total apparently simple aberrations. In general, using FISH techniques similar results were obtained for dicentrics and translocations. In comparison to solid‐stain dicentric analysis, the use of FISH painting techniques is less suitable to detect partial irradiations, and for dose estimation assessment. Another factor in the estimation of a dose is the time elapsed after irradiation, as not all chromosome aberrations have the same stability over time. To evaluate which aberrations were more useful to estimate the dose for a retrospective exposure an irradiated cell line was studied. A follow‐up study on the persistence of the different types of chromosome aberrations was carried out. The lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat was irradiated at 0.2, 2 and 4 Gy of X‐rays. After irradiation, the cultures were maintained for three weeks and samples were harvested at different times. Chromosome aberrations were detected using two FISH techniques: painting of chromosomes 1, 4 and 11, to assess the persistence of translocations and dicentrics, and mFISH to evaluate the frequency, the complexity, the chromosome involvement on the radiation‐induced chromosome aberrations and the preferential chromosome‐chromosome associations in the initial and final samples in the control and irradiated cultures at 2 and 4 Gy. In the study performed with painted technique, in all doses, the frequencies (x100) of dicentrics decreased clearly in the successive samples until values near zero. The frequencies (x100) of translocations, at 0.2 and 2Gy, were relatively constant until the last sample, whilst at 4Gy there was an initial steeped decrease in the first samples followed by a slight decrease in the last ones. The technique mFISH showed that simple incomplete aberrations disappear over time and the complexity of chromosome aberrations increases with dose and decreases with post‐irradiation time. The chromosome involvement was random for radiation‐induced exchange aberrations and non‐random for total aberrations. Preferential chromosome‐chromosome associations were observed in the initial and final samples in the Jurkat cell line.
Buyukcan, Mehmet. "Preservation And Shelf Life Extension Of Shrimps And Mussels By High Hydrostatic Pressure(hpp)." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607290/index.pdf.
Full textC for 10 and 20 minutes. Microbial analysis were performed by analyzing the effect of treatments on the microbial reduction in the samples. Based on the results of the microbial reduction, the best combinations of HHP treatments were determined as 250 MPa, 50°
C, 10 minute for shrimps and 220 MPa, 50°
C, 10 minute for mussels where total microbial inactivation was achieved. Storage analysis was performed on the samples, treated at the selected HHP combinations and stored at room (25°
C) and refrigeration temperatures (4°
C). For the storage analysis, variations in Total Volatile Bases (TVB-N) and pH were measured. According to the results evaluated, shelf-life of the shrimps were detected as 10 and 16 days for storage at room and refrigeration temperature, respectively as compared to 4 days of untreated sample at 4oC. Similarly shelf-life for the mussel samples were obtained as 12 days for storage at room and 18 day for storage at refrigeration temperature as compared to 4 days of untreated sample at 4oC. HHP-at the studied parameters for shrimps and mussels- can be offered as an alternative method for the preservation of shell-fish instead of conventional frozen food technology, which is currently used in the industry, since it gives the opportunity to handle the samples at lower temperatures for the post-production period resulting in both reduction of energy required and operational costs without sacrificing from the quality as measured by microbial reduction, TVB-N and pH.
Miró, Pastó Alexandre. "Fish as local stressors of Pyrenean high mountain lakes: Arrival process and impact on amphibians and other organisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384835.
Full textFerrer, Maza Dolors. "Effects of parasitism on the condition and reproductive capacity of three commercially exploited fish species in the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385347.
Full textLa present tesi doctoral avalua els vincles entre parasitisme, condició i reproducció en femelles adultes de tres de les espècies més capturades a la Mediterrània occidental: el lluç europeu, Merluccius merluccius; el roger de fang, Mullus barbatus, i el seitó, Engraulis encrasicolus. Amb aquesta finalitat, es varen avaluar els indicadors de les reserves energètiques (contingut total de lípids en el fetge, musculatura i gònades) i la capacitat reproductiva (fecunditat i qualitat de la posta), així com la prevalença i intensitat de la infestació per paràsits metazous.Paral·lelament a l’anàlisi d’aquestes relacions, aquesta tesi també proporciona dades essencials sobre la salut i reproducció d’aquestes tres espècies, com per exemple l’estratègia reproductiva.
Costalago, Meruelo David. "Trophic ecology of small pelagic fish in the northwestern Mediterranean / Ecología trófica de peces pelágicos pequeños en el Mediterráneo noroccidental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104559.
Full textEn el Mediterráneo noroccidental, anchoa, Engraulis encrasicolus, y sardina, Sardina pilchardus, son las especies más importantes en términos de biomasa y de toneladas capturadas. La anchoa y la sardina son especies planctívoras que consumen, durante todas sus fases de desarrollo, un amplio rango de especies, lo que podría esperarse que se tradujera en un posible solapamiento de sus nichos tróficos. Sin embargo, las interacciones tróficas entre las dos especies habían sido, hasta el momento del inicio de esta tesis, escasamente estudiadas. Esta tesis tiene la finalidad de examinar y comparar, de manera exhaustiva, los comportamientos alimenticios de sardinas y anchoas en diferentes fases de su desarrollo, y durante distintas épocas del año, en el golfo de León, a la vez que pretende mostrar el análisis de algunos de los caracteres morfológicos relacionados con la alimentación de estas especies, como son las branquispinas y los ciegos pilóricos. En este trabajo hemos mostrado, a través de un detallado análisis de sus dietas y de sus dinámicas tróficas, de qué manera estas dos especies pueden interactuar entre ellas y con el medio, considerando especialmente la posibilidad de que se vean afectadas por las perturbaciones derivadas del cambio climático. El primer capítulo expone que en la sardina, con una dieta casi estrictamente carnívora al final de su etapa larvaria y hasta poco después de la metamorfosis, el desarrollo de sus branquispinas y ciegos pilóricos la habilitan para empezar a efectuar un posible cambio de dieta cuando alcanzan los 4 cm de longitud estándar (LE), y que al alcanzar los 7 cm LE ya ha desarrollado por completo dichas estructuras, por lo que es capaz de alimentarse de fitoplancton con total efectividad. En el segundo capítulo se observa que los juveniles de ambas especies no presentan competencia alimenticia interespecífica debido a sus ya marcadas diferencias en el número y disposición de sus branquispinas y en el número de ciegos pilóricos. El tercer capítulo muestra que , por un lado, que existe un cambio de dieta a lo largo del desarrollo de sardina y anchoa y, por otro, que el análisis de isótopos estables (en particular δ13C y δ15N) es esencial para identificar presas potenciales, como por ejemplo las apendicularias, cuya contribución a la dieta cuando se observan directamente los contenidos estomacales suele subestimarse. La aparición en diciembre de larvas de anchoa nos sugirió la idea de realizar un estudio que nos permitiera determinar la influencia del ambiente en el desarrollo y posterior reclutamiento de esta especie. Se evaluaron diferencias en la condición nutricional de ambas cohortes de larvas comparando su composición lipídica y se estimaron sus tasas de crecimiento a partir del análisis de los otolitos. La condición nutricional de las larvas de diciembre no difería de la condición de las larvas de igual tamaño capturadas en verano. Sin embargo, el hecho de que la tasa de crecimiento diario de las larvas de verano sí sea mayor que en diciembre induce a pensar que, ante una probable extensión del periodo de puesta debido a un calentamiento de las aguas superficiales, la temperatura sí influiría de manera significativa en el desarrollo de las larvas de anchoa. Esta tesis demuestra que anchoa y sardina han adaptado sus facultades y hábitos ecológicos en el Mediterráneo noroccidental con el fin de evitar la competencia interespecífica, no sólo alternando sus periodos reproductivos sino también adaptando sus comportamientos tróficos.
Gullberg, Beata. "The Hate U Give and Interpretive Communities : How Young Adult Fiction Can Strengthen a Political Movement." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35864.
Full textNeininger, Sally Louise. "Aspects of dermal bone in genera spanning the fish-tetrapod transition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619884.
Full textLanza, Antonio. "Application of multigrid to general relativity." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4516.
Full textGiacomazzo, Bruno. "General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics: fundamental aspects and applications." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4007.
Full textVitagliano, Vincenzo. "Gravity beyond general relativity : theory and phenomenology." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4681.
Full textSebastiani, Lorenzo. "General Aspects of Modified Theories of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367870.
Full textCalvó, Perxas Laia. "A study on the phylogeny and the ecology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria using a new molecular marker based on the gene amoB." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7866.
Full textEls primers oxidadors d'amoni foren aïllats a finals del segle XIX, però la lentitud del seu creixement i les dificultats per cultivar-los feren que fins als anys 80, amb els primers estudis emprant el gen 16SrDNA, no s'assolís un coneixement complert d'aquest grup bacterià. Actualment les bases de dades contenen multitud d'entrades amb seqüències corresponents a AOB.
L'objectiu d'aquest treball era trobar, desenvolupar i avaluar eines útils i fiables per a l'estudi dels AOB en mostres ambientals.
En aquest treball primer descrivim la utilització de la hibridació in situ amb fluorescència (FISH), mitjançant l'aplicació de sondes amb diana en el 16SrRNA dels AOB. La FISH ens va permetre detectar i recomptar aquest grup bacterià; no obstant, aquest mètode no permetia la detecció de noves seqüències, pel que es necessitava una nova eina.
Amb aquesta intenció vam aplicar la seqüència de la sonda Nso1225 en una PCR. El fet d'amplificar específicament un fragment del 16SrDNA dels AOB va suposar el desenvolupament d'una nova eina molecular que permetia detectar la presència i diversitat d'aquests bacteris en ambients naturals. Malgrat tot, algunes seqüències pertanyents a bacteris no oxidadors d'amoni del subgrup β dels proteobacteris, eren també obtingudes amb aquesta tècnica. Així mateix, un dels inconvenients de l'ús del 16SrDNA com a marcador és la impossibilitat de detectar simultàniament els AOB que pertanyen als subgrups β i γ dels proteobacteris.
El gen amoA, que codifica per la subunitat A de l'enzim amoni monooxigenasa (AMO), era aleshores àmpliament utilitzat com a marcador per a la detecció dels AOB. En aquest treball també descrivim la utilització d'aquest marcador en mostres procedents d'un reactor SBR. Aquest marcador ens va permetre identificar seqüències de AOB en la mostra, però la necessitat de detectar amoA mitjançant clonatge fa que l'ús d'aquest marcador requereixi massa temps per a la seva utilització com a eina en estudis d'ecologia microbiana amb moltes mostres. Per altra banda, alguns autors han assenyalat l'obtenció de seqüències de no AOB en utilitzar amoA en un protocol de PCR-DGGE.
Amb la finalitat d'obtenir una eina ràpida i rigorosa per detectar i identificar els AOB, vam desenvolupar un joc nou d'oligonucleòtids amb diana en el gen amoB, que codifica per a la subunitat transmembrana de l'enzim AMO. Aquest gen ha demostrat ser un bon marcador molecular pels AOB, oferint, sense tenir en compte afiliacions filogenètiques, una elevada especificitat, sensibilitat i fiabilitat.
En aquest treball també presentem una anàlisi de RT-PCR basada en la detecció del gen amoB per a la quantificació del gènere Nitrosococcus. El nou joc d'oligonucleòtids dissenyat permet una enumeració altament específica i sensible de tots els γ-Nitrosococcus coneguts.
Finalment, vam realitzar un estudi poligènic, comparant i avaluant els marcadors amoA, amoB i 16SrDNA, i vàrem construir un arbre filogenètic combinat.
Com a resultat concloem que amoB és un marcador adequat per a la detecció i identificació dels AOB en mostres ambientals, proporcionant alhora agrupacions consistents en fer inferències filogenètiques. Per altra banda, la seqüència sencera del gen 16S rDNA és indicada com a marcador en estudis amb finalitats taxonòmiques i filogenètiques en treballar amb cultius purs de AOB.
Human activities such as farming and industrialization have produced a significant increase in the number of ammonium-rich environments. The presence of nitrogenated compounds reduces water quality causing toxicity problems, deteriorating the environment and even affecting human health. Consequently, nitrification has recently become a widespread process involving the cycling of nitrogen in the biosphere, which is mainly due to microbial activities. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are an essential component of the global cycling of nitrogen, being responsible for the aerobic oxidation of ammonium to nitrite.
Although the first ammonia oxidizers were isolated by the end of the XIX century, the slowness of their growth and the difficulties in culturing hindered achieving a full knowledge of this bacterial group until the 80s, when the first studies based on the gene 16S rDNA where performed. Nowadays, the databases contain huge numbers of entries of 16SrDNA sequences belonging to AOB.
The aim of this work was to find, develop, and evaluate useful and reliable tools for the study of ammonia oxidizers in environmental samples.
In this work we describe the use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), based on the use of DNA probes specifically targeting the ammonia-oxidizers 16SrRNA molecule. AOB were detected and enumerated by using this technique. However, unknown sequences are hardly detectable by using this method, and therefore, new tools were needed.
For this purpose we tried applying the sequence of the probe Nso1225 in a PCR reaction. The possibility of specifically amplifying a 16S rDNA gene fragment resulted in a new fingerprinting tool to assess the presence and diversity of ammonia-oxidizers in natural environments. Even so, some β-Proteobacterial non-AOB sequences were also retrieved by using this technique. Moreover, one of the main disadvantages of using 16S rDNA as a molecular marker is the impossibility of simultaneously detecting both the β and the γ-Proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers.
The gene amoA, which encodes for the subunit A of the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase, was then being extensively used as a marker for the detection of AOB in environmental samples. We describe the use of this marker for the identification of several ammonia oxidizing sequences in sludge samples from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Although useful, the use of amoA as a marker requires cloning, which is a tedious and time-consuming technique when dealing with large number of samples in microbial ecology studies. Besides, detection of non-AOB sequences has been reported by other authors when using amoA in a PCR-DGGE approach.
Aiming at obtaining a fast and rigorous analytical tool allowing AOB detection and identification, we developed a new set of primers targeting the gene amoB, which encodes for the transmembrane domain of the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase. This gene has been shown to be a good molecular marker for AOB, since it can be used for easy detection and identification of ammonia oxidizers, providing high specificity, sensitivity and reliability regardless of phylogenetic affiliations.
A real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of the γ-proteobacterial genus Nitrosococcus based on the amoB gene sequence is also presented. This newly designed primer set allows a highly sensitive and specific enumeration of all known Nitrosococci.
We finally performed a comparison and evaluation of the markers amoA, amoB and 16S rDNA, and built a polygenic based tree.
As a result we conclude that amoB is a suitable molecular tool for detecting and identifying AOB in environmental samples, yielding consistent grouping when performing phylogenetic inferences. In turn, the whole sequence of the gene 16S rDNA is indicated for taxonomical and phylogenetic purposes when working with ammonia oxidizing isolates.
Sebastiani, Lorenzo. "General Aspects of Modified Theories of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/672/1/TESI.pdf.
Full textCiampa, Alessandra <1971>. "Development of methodologies for fish freshness assessment using metabonomics applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5498/1/ciampa_alessandra_tesi.pdf.
Full textIl presente studio è centrato all’utilizzo di applicazioni metabonomiche, finalizzate alla misura della freschezza di prodotti ittici in funzione della specie biologica e della modalità di conservazione. Questo approccio metabonomico nello studio in esame è innovativo e si basa sulla profilazione molecolare mediante la risonanza magnetica nucleare (NMR), per valutare da una parte se una tipologia di pesce ha ancora mantenuto, entro certi limiti, le proprie caratteristiche sensoriali e nutrizionali presenti al tempo iniziale e dall’altra per osservare le eventuali alterazioni che intervengono nella composizione del prodotto ittico. I dati spettroscopici sperimentali ottenuti attraverso la risonanza magnetica nucleare, 1H-NMR, dei profili molecolari di estratti di pesce preparati in modo opportuno sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti sugli stessi campioni attraverso metodiche analitiche strumentali classiche e convenzionali, a cui le metodologie ufficiali fanno riferimento. Quest’ultime vengono utilizzate per l’ottenimento di indici chimici di freschezza derivanti dalla degradazione biochimica e microbica di composti azotati proteici e non (trimetilammina ,N-(CH3)3, nucleotidi, amminoacidi, ecc.). In un secondo momento mediante un approccio metabonomico è stata eseguita un’analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) e un’analisi discriminante lineare (PLS-DA) al fine di condensare il concetto di evoluzione temporale della freschezza in un parametro omnicomprensivo. In particolare, la prima componente principale (PC1) in entrambe le condizioni di conservazione (4 °C e 0 °C) rappresenta la componente lungo la quale la composizione molecolare dei campioni, descritta dallo spettro1H-NMR, evolve durante il tempo di conservazione con una varianza molto elevata. I risultati di questo studio vogliono mirare ad ottenere un supporto scientifico che sia in grado di fornire elementi oggettivi di valutazione, per far si che il prodotto ittico possa fregiarsi della denominazione di “pesce fresco”.
Ciampa, Alessandra <1971>. "Development of methodologies for fish freshness assessment using metabonomics applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5498/.
Full textIl presente studio è centrato all’utilizzo di applicazioni metabonomiche, finalizzate alla misura della freschezza di prodotti ittici in funzione della specie biologica e della modalità di conservazione. Questo approccio metabonomico nello studio in esame è innovativo e si basa sulla profilazione molecolare mediante la risonanza magnetica nucleare (NMR), per valutare da una parte se una tipologia di pesce ha ancora mantenuto, entro certi limiti, le proprie caratteristiche sensoriali e nutrizionali presenti al tempo iniziale e dall’altra per osservare le eventuali alterazioni che intervengono nella composizione del prodotto ittico. I dati spettroscopici sperimentali ottenuti attraverso la risonanza magnetica nucleare, 1H-NMR, dei profili molecolari di estratti di pesce preparati in modo opportuno sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti sugli stessi campioni attraverso metodiche analitiche strumentali classiche e convenzionali, a cui le metodologie ufficiali fanno riferimento. Quest’ultime vengono utilizzate per l’ottenimento di indici chimici di freschezza derivanti dalla degradazione biochimica e microbica di composti azotati proteici e non (trimetilammina ,N-(CH3)3, nucleotidi, amminoacidi, ecc.). In un secondo momento mediante un approccio metabonomico è stata eseguita un’analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) e un’analisi discriminante lineare (PLS-DA) al fine di condensare il concetto di evoluzione temporale della freschezza in un parametro omnicomprensivo. In particolare, la prima componente principale (PC1) in entrambe le condizioni di conservazione (4 °C e 0 °C) rappresenta la componente lungo la quale la composizione molecolare dei campioni, descritta dallo spettro1H-NMR, evolve durante il tempo di conservazione con una varianza molto elevata. I risultati di questo studio vogliono mirare ad ottenere un supporto scientifico che sia in grado di fornire elementi oggettivi di valutazione, per far si che il prodotto ittico possa fregiarsi della denominazione di “pesce fresco”.
Rezzolla, Luciano. "General relativistic hydrodynamics of compressible multicomponent fluids: developments and applications." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3985.
Full textKawamura, Takumu. "General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of binary neutron star mergers." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1922/1/Takumu_Kawamura_thesis_archiving.pdf.
Full textAndorrà, Solsona Immaculada. "Adaptation and development of culture-independent techniques for the indentification and enumeration of microorganisms in wine fermentations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8690.
Full textTanmateix es va estudiar l'aplicació de la Hibridació in Situ (FISH) i la QPCR amb colorants específics per tal de diferenciar cèl·lules vives i mortes.
Aquestes tècniques es varen aplicar a fermentacions industrials, essent notable la detecció de bacteris acètics i llevats No-Saccharomyces en concentracions superiors a les detectades com a poblacions cultivables. Es van estudiar interaccions entre llevats Saccharomyces i No-Saccharomyces al laboratori, observant-ne la supervivència d'aquestes en estats viables però no cultivables.
Aquestes tècniques independents de cultiu indiquen una població i dinàmiques microbianes prèviament desapercebudes.
The objective of this thesis was the adaptation and validation of different culture-independent techniques for detection and quantification of the microbiota present in wine fermentation. We tested the QPCR (PCR quantitative) for the quantification and monitoring of key species. The ecological diversity was analyzed by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and by cloning of a ribosomal fragment.
However, we studied the application of in Situ Hybridization (FISH) and QPCR with specific dyes to differentiate between live and dead cells.
These techniques were applied in industrial fermentations, being significant the detection of acetic acid bacteria and Non-Saccharomyces yeast in concentrations higher than those identified as culturable populations. We studied the interactions between Saccharomyces and Non-Saccharomyces yeast in the laboratory, observing their survival in these viable but non-culturable state.
These culture-independent techniques indicate a population and microbial dynamics previously unnoticed.
Knudsen, Richard Ray. "A Study on the Integration of Multivariate MetOcean, Ocean Circulation, and Trajectory Modeling Data with Static Geographic Information Systems for Better Marine Resources Management and Protection During Coastal Oil Spill Response – A Case Study and Gap Analysis on Northeastern Gulf of Mexico Tidal Inlets." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5974.
Full textVernieri, Daniele. "Gravity beyond General Relativity: New Proposals and their Phenomenology." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3860.
Full text