Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fish - general

Academic literature on the topic 'Fish - general'

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Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fish - general"

Swindler, Daris R., and R. Monastersky. "Fishy Fish Feet?" Science News 146, no. 19 (November 5, 1994): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978531.

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DOUGLAS, RON. "General editorial." Visual Neuroscience 24, no. 3 (May 2007): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523807070332.

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In the past two years the field of fish vision research has lost three central figures, Bill McFarland, Bill Muntz, and Joe Bilotta. This volume of Visual Neuroscience is dedicated to them. Since the inception of this volume, Henk Spekreijse and Adam Locket, who made significant contributions to fish vision, have also passed away; they are also remembered.

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Alsmadi, Mutasem K., Mohammed Tayfour, Raed A. Alkhasawneh, Usama Badawi, Ibrahim Almarashdeh, and Firas Haddad. "Robust features extraction for general fish classification." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5192-5204.

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Image recognition process could be plagued by many problems including noise, overlap, distortion, errors in the outcomes of segmentation, and impediment of objects within the image. Based on feature selection and combination theory between major extracted features, this study attempts to establish a system that could recognize fish object within the image utilizing texture, anchor points, and statistical measurements. Then, a generic fish classification is executed with the application of an innovative classification evaluation through a meta-heuristic algorithm known as Memetic Algorithm (Genetic Algorithm with Simulated Annealing) with back-propagation algorithm (MA-B Classifier). Here, images of dangerous and non-dangerous fish are recognized. Images of dangerous fish are further recognized as Predatory or Poison fish family, whereas families of non-dangerous fish are classified into garden and food family. A total of 24 fish families were used in testing the proposed prototype, whereby each family encompasses different number of species. The process of classification was successfully undertaken by the proposed prototype, whereby 400 distinct fish images were used in the experimental tests. Of these fish images, 250 were used for training phase while 150 were used for testing phase. The back-propagation algorithm and the proposed MA-B Classifier produced a general accuracy recognition rate of 82.25 and 90% respectively.

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Dyerberg, Jørn. "General experience with fish oil treatment." Journal of Diabetic Complications 4, no. 2 (April 1990): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-6632(90)90036-5.

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O'Neill, D. "One Fish, Two Fish, Blowfish, Blue Fish." BMJ 342, feb01 1 (February 1, 2011): d50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d50.

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Harvey, Bret C., and Steven F. Railsback. "All Fish, All the Time: A Good General Objective for Fish Passage Projects?" Fisheries 46, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsh.10549.

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Thien, Francis C. K., Rosalie K. Woods, and E. Haydn Walters. "Oily fish and asthma — a fishy story?" Medical Journal of Australia 164, no. 3 (February 1996): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122009.x.

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Mejrhit, Najlae, Ouarda Azdad, Mohamed El Kabbaoui, Alae Chda, Abdelali Tazi, Rachid Bencheikh, and Lotfi Aarab. "Fish consumption associated with reduction of fish allergy." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2017-0062.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the differences in the self-reported allergies to food, especially fish and shellfish, between children and adults, and to study the association between fish consumption and self-reported fish and shellfish allergy (FSA) according to age. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a survey conducted between April 2014 and December 2016 where children and adults were recruited from the general population of the Fez-Meknes region. The total studied population was 4,046 people. Findings The results show that the self-reported food allergy (FA) of the general population was more frequent among children (28.2 per cent) than adults (16.8 per cent), in which eggs, fish/shellfish, milk and cereals were the most common food cited. With regard to the self-reported FSA, the authors found a prevalence of 9.5 per cent in both children and adults, whereas fish species allergies were more frequent among adults than children. The most common clinical manifestations observed in this population were cutaneous reactions. The study of the association between fish consumption and FSA shows that people who consumed fish had a lower rate of FSA, especially in adults (p < 0.001). Originality/value The self-reported FA of the general population was more pronounced in children than adults. Regarding the self-reported FSA, the authors have shown a prevalence of 9.5 per cent in both children and adults, indicating an important sensitivity of their population to fish and shellfish. The authors have shown that consumption of fish was associated significantly with a lower rate of FSA, especially in adults.

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Oken, Emily, and Mandy B. Belfort. "Fish, Fish Oil, and Pregnancy." JAMA 304, no. 15 (October 20, 2010): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1541.

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Aellen, Mélisande, Judith M. Burkart, and Redouan Bshary. "No evidence for general intelligence in a fish." Ethology 128, no. 5 (March 14, 2022): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.13275.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fish - general"

Knight, Amelia Cassidy Terhune Jeffery S. "General fish health assessment and age evaluation of impinged fish at steam generating power plants." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Knight_Amelia_50.pdf.

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Guiny, Eliane M. "Hydraulic and biological aspects of fish passes for dams." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1565/.

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The primary purpose of the dissertation is to quantify the efficiency and operation of various types of fish passes for dams. This is achieved through a novel experiment of testing juvenile salmon in a scale model fish-passes with a range of small structures including vertical slots, orifices, weirs and combinations of all three. Direct comparisons of the efficiency of each type of fish pass in terms of upstream migration. Two identical physical models were constructed, one at the Fisheries Research Services Freshwater Laboratory at Almondbank, Perth, Scotland where observations were made of fish behaviour. The other model at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow tested only hydraulic conditions. The physical models were simplified representations of a reach of a river downstream of a dam, weir or any other obstruction to fish migration. A removable cross wall incorporating one of the types of pass tested divided the flume into two pools. A significantly higher proportion of fish moved through submerged orifices or vertical slots than through weirs for a given flow rate and velocity. The orifice and vertical slot passing efficiencies are directly correlated to the velocities existing in their vicinity. To reach the weir/slot/orifice devices, salmon parr tended also to stay near the bottom of the flume and followed a path along the sides of the arena, which provided them with low velocities and cover. In the vicinity of the weir/orifice/slot devices, the movements of salmon parr were consistent with energy-conserving strategies. Clearly, the extrapolations of results from the behaviour of small to large salmon remains cautious, the intention of this research being to characterise the behaviour of small salmon and to develop clear testable hypotheses about how large salmon may respond to water flow. Preliminary field tests were then conducted at Tongland Dam fish pass to test the main recommendation extrapolated from the parr behavioural study. The particular situation of this fish pass, which contains both weirs and orifices, allows a comparison between the two. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags together with antennae installed at a weir and an orifice were used to individually monitor the movement of wild spawning salmon passing through the fish pass. The results of the field test are as yet, inconclusive.

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Verghese, Bindhu. "Electrophoretic patterns of the general proteins of four species belonging to the Family Carangidae." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1998. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11038/1/Bindhu%20Varghese.pdf.

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Muscle proteins usually provide useful information and therefore are frequently used as valuable diagnostic characters in the classification of fishes at species, generic, familial and higher taxonomic levels. The muscle myogen of four species of carangids. viz, Decapterus russelli, D. macrosoma, Selar crumenophthalmus and Megalaspis cordyla using horizontal slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Gel conc. 7.5%) is reported in the present communication. The number of protein fractions and the presumptive loci in muscle of D. russelli, D. macrosoma, S. crumenophthalmus and M. cordyla were found to be 9,7,6 and 5 respectively. The Rf value ranged from 21 to 84 for S. crumenophthalmus, 2 to 72 for M cordyla, 15 to 89 for D. macrosoma and 18 to 96 for D. russelli. The difference in number of fractions, their mobility pattern and staining intensity indicated species-specificity. With the limited number of samples used in the present work, there has been an indication of intraspecific polymorphism among three species of carangids, being 3.5% in D. russelli, 13.5% in D. macrosoma and 6.6% in S. crumenophthalmus. In M. cordyla no polymorphism was observed. This work also revealed that protein fractions in carangids can be used as species - specific markers, which could be helpful in resolving disputes in the event of any taxonomic ambiguity.

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Smith, Eric S. "Refinement of the neutron-alpha and proton-alpha fish-bone potential." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523064.

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The non-local fish-bone potential simulates the Pauli-exclusion principle for composite particle interactions. This model is used to calculate the phase shifts of the neutron-alpha and proton-alpha systems. We propose a local double Gaussian potential with a new parameterization by fitting to experimental results. These parameters are universal to both nucleon-alpha systems and include all partial waves, which is an improvement over previous work in the field.

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Babineau, David. "Modeling the electric field and natural environment of weakly electric fish." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27222.

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Weakly electric fish use a unique sensory modality in order to help them communicate, navigate and find prey. These fish emit electric discharges that are monitored by electroreceptors located in the fish's skin. Surrounding objects perturb these baseline transdermal potentials and create electric images. The study of these images has led to a better understanding of general sensory processing principles; however, many aspects of these fish's natural electrosensory environment remain unknown. To this end, a two-dimensional finite element model of Apteronotus leptorhynchus was created. Using this model, we suggest new ways by which electric fish are able to locate objects and propose that it is possible for these fish to extract useful information from their environment using their natural scanning behaviour. Our results also reveal important limitations in standard experimental paradigms that aim to mimic the effects of conspecifics. Alternative paradigms that will enable more realistic stimulation are suggested.

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Larson, Erik. "Serotonin modulates electrosensory processing via 5-HT2 receptors in the weakly electric fish «Apteronotus leptorhynchus»." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123302.

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Accurate sensory processing of the environment is a critical function for any organism to survive. In order to accomplish this function neurons must be specifically tuned to respond optimally to relevant stimuli in their environment. One effective way of efficiently encoding information is for neurons to adapt their responses to stimuli arising from different behavioral contexts. Neuromodulators such as serotonin (5-HT) are thought to help mediate such adaptations. The 5-HT system has been well conserved through evolution across vertebrates, suggesting that its function also been conserved. In the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, 5-HT has been previously shown to increase sensory pyramidal neurons responses located within the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) to stimuli caused by same-sex conspecifics by making them more excitable in vivo. Remarkably, application of 5-HT in vitro has been shown to also render these neurons more excitable through downregulation of both small-conductance calcium-activated (SK) and M-type potassium channels. However, the nature of the 5-HT receptors present in pyramidal neurons is unknown. By using occlusion experiments while recording from pyramidal neurons in vitro, we show that the selective 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, was able to occlude the effects of 5-HT on pyramidal cells as quantified by changes in firing rate, burst fraction, afterhyperpolarization, and mutual information. Our results show that downregulation of both M and SK currents is most likely achieved through the same receptor family and pave the way for future molecular studies performing in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry to confirm that 5-HT2 receptors are indeed present in the ELL and solely mediate the effects of 5-HT observed both in vitro and in vivo.
Traitement sensoriel précis de l'environnement est une fonction essentielle pour tout organisme de survivre. Afin d'accomplir ces neurones doivent être spécialement réglés pour répondre au mieux aux stimuli pertinents dans leur environnement. Un moyen efficace de coder efficacement l'information est pour les neurones à adapter leurs réponses à des stimuli provenant de différents contextes de comportement. Neuromodulateurs comme la sérotonine (5-HT) sont pensés pour aider à la médiation de ces adaptations. Le système 5 -HT a été bien conservé à travers l'évolution des vertébrés, ce qui suggère que sa fonction a également été conservée. En Apteronotus leptorhynchus, un des poissons électriques du genre gymnotiformes, 5-HT a déjà été démontré pour augmenter sensorielles pyramidales neurones réponses situées dans le lobe de la ligne-latérale électrosensoriel (LLE) aux stimuli provoqués par des congénères de même sexe en les rendant plus excitable in vivo. Remarquablement, l'application de la 5-HT in vitro a été démontré également de rendre ces neurones plus excitables à travers à la fois la régulation négative de courants potassiques sensibles au calcium (SK) et les courants potassique de type M. Cependant, la nature des récepteurs 5-HT présents dans les neurones pyramidaux est inconnue. En utilisant les expérimentés d'occlusion lors de l'enregistrement de neurones pyramidaux in vitro, nous montrons que l'antagoniste sélectif 5-HT2, ketanserin, a peut bloquer les effets de la 5-HT sur les cellules pyramidales quantifiées par des changements dans le taux de le potentiel d'action, fraction de le potentiel d'action dans une «bouffée», après-hyperpolarisation, et l'information mutuelle. Nos résultats montrent que la régulation négative des courants à la fois M et SK est probablement atteint par la même famille récepteur et ouvrir la voie à des études moléculaires futures comme l'hybridisation in situ ou l'immunohistochimie pour confirmer que les récepteurs 5-HT2 sont bien présents dans le LLE et permettent les effets de la 5-HT a observé à la fois in vitro et in vivo.

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Cazan, Alfy Morales. "Maternal transfer of metals in live-bearing fish (Cyprinodontiformes| Poeciliinae)." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622929.

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This study assessed the occurrence and impacts of maternal metal transfer in live-bearing fish. The occurrence was investigated in two different species (Gambusia affinisand Heterandria formosa), while the impacts were studied only in G. affinis. Occurrence and impacts were addressed by exposing gravid females for 10 days to 0.15 μM of copper or cadmium, transferring the fish to clean water, monitoring their reproduction and collecting newborn offspring for further analyses of their health and reproductive success.

Maternal transfer of copper and cadmium occured in both study species. Metal levels decreased in subsequent broods and in broods born later after a female's exposure. Metal exposure impacted the reproductive success of exposed-females; effects included smaller broods and more broods were aborted broods or contained dead offspring. Many effects remained for second broods developing well after the exposure.

The maternal metal exposure also impacted the offspring's health. Newborn offspring were smaller at birth, had reduced calcium levels, had a lowered metal tolerance, and had cellular membrane damage. When these offspring grew up, they had an increased rate of malformations, a smaller size at sexual maturity, increased gestation time and fewer broods. In spite of the impacts on life history parameters found in the laboratory, effects on population dynamics were very limited for greenhouse mesocosm populations established with the offspring of exposed females.

Effects for the essential metal (copper) and the nonessential metal (cadmium) were generally similar. A few effects, like those on body size, were evident for copper but not for cadmium. However, several of the more severe impacts, like the increase in malformations and reductions in the number of broods, were greatest for the offspring of the cadmium-exposed females.

This is the first report demonstrating negative impacts resulting from a short-term maternal metal exposure in live-bearing fishes. Effects were evident not just for reproduction of exposed-females but also for their offspring's health and reproduction. The latter continued beyond the offspring that were developing during exposure. This study demonstrated that the internal development in live-bearing fish may not spare the developing young from impacts caused by a metal-contaminated environment.

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Padhi, Abinash. "Electrophoretic Profile of the general proteins in the Green (Perna viridis Linnaeus) and the Brown (Perna indica Kuriakose & Nair) mussels." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1998. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11022/1/Abinash%20Padhi.pdf.

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The electrophoretic profiles of the general proteins and the selected enzymes (MDH and EST) were examined in the green mussel, P. viridis and the brown mussel P. indica and their suspected hybrids from South India. The protein and the enzyme profiles were distinctly different in the two species. The protein profiles in different tissues of the green and brown mussels were found tissue and species specific. The two species are genetically different. The protein and the enzyme profiles in the brown and suspected ‘brown type’ hybrids were similar and that of the green and the suspected ‘green type’ hybrids were also similar. The suspected hybrids may be the colour morphs of the respective species. Morphometric studies on these two species and the suspected hybrids also corroborated the above findings.

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Cuddy, Martin. "Modulations in electrocommunication behaviour and non-invasively measured 11-ketotestosterone during cue-induced seasonal breeding in the weakly electric fish, «Apteronotus leptorhynchus»." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96923.

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Androgens are correlated with reproductive behaviours including courtship and aggression. In the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) has been previously implicated in the regulation of electrocommunication behaviours that are believed to have roles in both aggression and courtship. In this thesis a method for performing repeated, non-invasive measurements of androgens released into the water was validated and applied for the first time in A. leptorhynchus. Changes in 11-KT levels and electrocommunication behaviour were observed in males following environmental cues that simulated the onset of the breeding season. Males showed an increase in mean electric organ discharge frequency (EODf), which is consistent with earlier results showing a female preference for high EODf. A subset of males with high EODfs showed increases in both 11-KT and EODf which provides support for an EODf-based dominance hierarchy in this species. No direct correlation was seen between 11-KT and EODf, however, which suggests that other factors are involved in regulating male EODf. Electrocommunication signals produced during inter-male aggression were confirmed to serve in deterring attacks, and their pattern of production further suggested the formation of a dominance hierarchy. Evidence is presented that another type of electrocommunication signal previously implicated in courtship may be an inter-male signal of submission. The method for non-invasive hormone sampling first applied here will form the basis for future investigations of the hormonal control of communication behaviour.
Les androgènes sont corrélés avec les comportements reproductifs et agressifs. Chez les poissons faiblement électriques Apteronotus leptorhynchus, la 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) a déjà été impliquée dans la régulation des comportements de communication électriques avec des rôles prévu dans l'agression et la cour. Dans cette mémoire une méthode pour faire des mesures répétées qui ne sont pas envahissantes des androgènes libérés dans l'eau a été validée et appliquée pour la première fois dans A. leptorhynchus. Des changements dans les niveaux de 11-KT et la production des comportements de communication électrique ont été observés chez les mâles pendant une période de reproduction conditionnée. Entre les mâles, il y avait une augmentation de la fréquence de la décharge de l'organe électrique (EODf), ce qui est avec des résultats précédents montrant que les femelles matures ont une préférence pour les mâles avec des EODf élévées. Un sous-ensemble de mâles ayant des EODfs élevée a montré des augmentations dans le niveau de 11-KT et la EODf, ce qui soutient une hiérarchie de dominance fondée sur la EODf. Globalement, aucune corrélation n'a été observée entre 11-KT et EODf, ce qui suggère que d'autres facteurs sont impliqués dans la régulation du EODf dans les mâles. Les comportements de communication électrique produits pendant l'agression entre mâles servent à dissuader les attaques et leur mode de production aussi suggère la formation d'une hiérarchie de dominance. Une preuve est aussi présentée qu'un autre comportement de communication électrique impliqué dans la reproduction peut être un signal masculin de la soumission. À l'avenir, la méthode appliquée ici pour la première fois chez les poissons faiblement électriques sera en mesure de répondre à ces questions en profondeur.

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Bacher, Kathrin. "Interactions between fish farming, wild fish populations, local fisheries and society: a case study in Catalonia, Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284844.

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The overarching goal of this doctoral thesis was to advance the understanding of the interactions between marine fish farming, wild fish populations, the local small-scale fishery and the society. This thesis was designed as a multi-disciplinary study and is divided into three different sections: ecology (chapter 1 and 2), fisheries (chapter 3) and social science (chapter 4). In the ecological part we examined the spatial and temporal extent of the attraction effect of wild fish at an Atlantic bluefin tuna and a Gilthead seabream farm. At both farms wild fish aggregated closely to the cage structure, revealing an abrupt decline of fish abundance rather than a gradient. The intensity of the cage effect varied according to farm, season and depth. At the seabream farm, the cage effect persisted year round, whereas at the tuna farm, the effect was restricted to summer and spring. The variability of wild fish aggregations within the Gilthead seabream farm was analyzed because it can be a distorting factor in estimating the farm attraction effect. Our findings showed that at the surface, fish abundance was significantly higher during feeding compared with non-feeding periods. Moreover, the distance from the feeding vessel significantly influenced fish aggregations in the water column. At the bottom, substrate type was the dominant factor explaining aggregation variability. The effect of fish farming on the small-scale fishery was evaluated in order to determine whether farms act as protection zones or as traps for wild fish populations. The findings revealed a relevant amount of commercial and recreational fishing effort in farm vicinity. However, the results showed no benefit or difference of fishing in close proximity to the farm compared to areas away from the farm (in terms of yield, income, and catch composition). Yet, farm-aggregated fish are vulnerable to hidden fishing practices inside the farm. The analysis of the perception of marine fish farming in Catalonia was performed with five key stakeholder-groups (NGOs, local fishermen, fish farming industry, scientists and regional administration). Four perceptions were identified; two represented divergent views and two intermediate positions. Environmental impacts were not perceived as a high risk by the majority of the participants. The major weaknesses were attributed to economic (e.g. price competition with other producer countries) and social issues (e.g. lack of credible information about farmed products). Overall, this thesis provides new information about the complex dynamics of wild fish aggregations at marine fish farms and investigates how this attraction effect influences the local small-scale fishery. Moreover, an understanding of the different perceptions on marine fish farming can help to secure a social, economic and environmental sustainable activity.
Esta tesis persigue avanzar en el conocimiento de las interacciones de la piscicultura marina, de carácter multidisciplinar y estructurada en tres áreas: ecología (capítulos 1 y 2), pesca (capítulo 3) y ciencias sociales (capítulo 4). En el área de ecología, se analizó la extensión espacial y temporal del efecto atractor de peces salvajes sobre dos tipos de granjas: atún rojo (Thunnus thynnus) y dorada (Sparus aurata). En ambas el efecto atractor se restringía al límite de las jaulas, variando estacionalmente y en profundidad. Las diferencias entre granjas, permanente en doradas y estacional en atunes, se deben a diferencias en la composición específica asociadas con la localización y tipo de cultivo. El análisis de la variabilidad interna en la comunidad íctica se analizó ya que podría ser un factor distorsionador en la estimación del efecto atractor. Los resultados mostraron que la abundancia de peces en superficie disminuía significativamente en los períodos de no alimentación y durante la alimentación las concentraciones de peces disminuían en función de la distancia al barco alimentador. Por el contrario, la variabilidad de agregación en el fondo dependía exclusivamente del tipo de sustrato. La interacción con la pesca artesanal se evaluó con el fin de conocer si las granjas actúan como zonas de protección o como trampas para los peces salvajes. Los resultados no mostraron beneficio, detrimento o diferencia de la pesca en las proximidades de la granja respecto a zonas distantes (en términos de producción, ingresos y composición de las capturas). El análisis de la percepción de la acuicultura, indicador del escenario de aceptación y de elementos clave para su desarrollo, se realizó sobre cinco grupos de interés (ONGs, pescadores locales, industria de la piscicultura, científicos y administración regional) en el marco regional de Cataluña. Se identificaron cuatro percepciones; dos claramente divergentes y dos de posturas intermedias. Los impactos ambientales no fueron percibidos como de alto riesgo por la mayoría de los actores. Las principales debilidades fueron atribuidas a aspectos económicos (p. ej. la competencia con otros países productores) y sociales (p. ej. la falta de información acerca de la credibilidad de los productos acuícolas).

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Books on the topic "Fish - general"

Big fish. London: Collins, 1986.

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Schonberg, Leonard. Fish heads. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 2000.

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Engel, Monroe. Fish. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

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Moncuse, Steve. Fish police: Hairballs. New York: Warner Books, 1987.

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Andrews, Chris. Tropical aquarium fish. Melle, Germany: Tetra Werke, 1991.

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Perry, Thomas. Big fish. New York: Scribner, 1985.

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Notre Dame of Dadiangas College. Business Resource Center., ed. The Fishing industry in General Santos City: A profile study. General Santos City, Philippines: Business Resource Center, Notre Dame of Dadiangas College, 1985.

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Lucky fish. Bellevue, South Africa: Jacana, 2003.

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Murray, Christopher. A whispering of fish. North Fremantle, W.A: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2001.

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Paper fish. New York: The Feminist Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fish - general"

Noga, Edward J. "General Concepts in Therapy." In Fish Disease, 345–73. Ames, Iowa USA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118786758.ch16.

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Bleckmann, Horst. "General Introduction." In Stupid as a Fish?, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68376-7_1.

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Yanong, Roy P. E., and Gregory A. Lewbart. "General Reproduction." In The Aquarium Fish Medicine Handbook, 85–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003057727-4.

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Ishikawa, Yuji, Naoyuki Yamamoto, and Hanako Hagio. "Adult Brain and General Brain Functions." In Brain Development of Medaka Fish, 217–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4324-9_14.

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Santer, Robert M. "General Morphology of the Fish Heart." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70135-1_3.

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Alves-Silva, Ana Paula, Luísa Antônia Campos Barros, and Silvia das Graças Pompolo. "General Protocol of FISH for Insects." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 459–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52959-1_46.

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Dyerberg, J. "n-3 Fatty Acids: Epidemiological Background and General Introduction." In Fish Oil and Vascular Disease, 3–8. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3890-7_1.

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Thongthai, Chaufah, and Prasert Suntinanalert. "Halophiles in Thai Fish Sauce (Nam Pla)." In General and Applied Aspects of Halophilic Microorganisms, 381–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3730-4_46.

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Ishikawa, Yuji, Naoyuki Yamamoto, and Hanako Hagio. "General Rules of Brain Morphogenesis in Vertebrates: An Hourglass Model." In Brain Development of Medaka Fish, 15–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4324-9_2.

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Lelek, A. "General considerations regarding the decline of species." In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe, 1–7. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9014-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fish - general"

Дельмухаметов, А. Б., and Ю. А. Ромашова. "VEGETABLE OILS IN FISH FEED." In DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE. ООО "ДГТУ-Принт" Адресс полиграфического предприятия 344003 пл Гагарина, зд. 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2023.34-37.

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The article attempts to briefly review the articles devoted to the use of vegetable oils in the production of fish feed. Vegetable oils can be possible substitute for fish oil. In general, it is possible to replace 50-60% of the fish oil in the feed with a vegetable oil. In some cases, apparently, it is possible to completely replace fish oil with vegetable oil without affecting the health of the fish and the quality of the final product.

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Yardin, C., Bourthoumieu, P. Leveque, and A. Collin. "Chromosomal studies of human amniotic cells exposed to GSM-900: Karyotyping and FISH." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6051340.

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A.V., Startsev, Korchunov A.A., Savitskaya S.S., and Kuzov A.A. "INNOVATIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISH FARMING LLC "PRIBOY"." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.143-147.

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The article provides statistical data on the cultivation of commercial fish in the Southern Federal District and its segment of the Volgograd region. In general, in this region, 13 fish farms, 6 pond farms, as well as more than a dozen private farms for breeding fish and crustaceans are registered. A brief description of one of these farms is given - LLC "Priboy", which is a diversified and has 355 hectares of ponds for various purposes, for growing carp and herbivorous fish. Sturgeon fish are kept in pools, cages and a modular intensive fish farming unit. Inside the farm there are fish processing shops and feed production. Prospects for cooperation with educational and research institutions of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation have been determined.

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Miyashita, Kazuo, and Masashi Hosokawa. "Inhibitory effect of sphingoid bases on the oxidative flavor deterioration of fish oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wzfw6692.

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Sphingoid bases (SPG), a backbone of sphingolipids, are kind of amino alcohol containing long carbon chains. Although the importance of SPG as major component of sphingolipids is well-known, little attention has been paid to the nutritional and chemical properties of SPG itself. Recently, we have found that SPG supplementation to diet-induced obese animals significantly attenuated the abdominal adipose tissue weight gain and the hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we have reported the strong ability of SPG to inhibit the oxidative deterioration of EPA- and DHA-containing oils such as fish oil. Fish oil triacylglycerol (TAG) just after being refined by chromatographic separation has little to no flavor. However, the TAG shows an unpleasant smell less than 1 hr after leaving the chromatograph at room temperature. Although antioxidants and other methods such as microencapsulation in a matrix are used to control the fish oil oxidation, it is still difficult to completely prevent the formation of unpleasant fishy and rancid odors. On the contrary, we have found the effective prevention of the volatile formation in the fish oil TAG oxidation by SPG. The antioxidant activity of SPG synergistically increased in the presence of general antioxidants such as tocopherols. The most likely mechanism for the antioxidant activity of SPG is the formation of novel antioxidants by the amino-carbonyl reaction between the amine group of SPG and the carbonyl group of aldehydes, which are formed in a very early stage of the fish oil oxidation. At the same time, the reaction can result in the removal of aldehydes responsible for flavor deterioration.

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Толмачева, Ю. П., Е. И. Борисова, Е. В. Дзюба, Л. В. Суханова, И. А. Небесных, И. А. Демьянович, and К. А. Демьянович. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SEDATIVE EFFECT OF VARIOUS ANESTHETICS IN COREGONUS PELED (GMELIN, 1789) IN AQUACULTURE." In DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE. ООО "ДГТУ-Принт" Адресс полиграфического предприятия 344003 пл Гагарина, зд. 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2023.129-137.

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The sedative effect of four anesthetic agents in whitefish has been studied. It is shown that the action of anesthetics causes a number of consistent behavioral and physiological reactions in fish, reflecting the change in the state of their body. For most technological fish-breeding processes, it is necessary for fish to stay in a state of muscle relaxation while maintaining respiratory rhythm. These requirements are met by the sedation stage, which is observed with all types of anesthesia in peled. It has been established that the use of some of the tested drugs is incorrect in anesthesia in general in whitefish and in pelage in particular. Thus, the use of sodium thiopental is unacceptable, due to the uncontrolled suppression of the respiratory function of fish under the action of this agent. The use of lidocaine is characterized by prolonged induction, which does not correspond to the temporary norms of fish anesthesia. Among the tested drugs, propofol has sufficient anesthetic efficacy, which is confirmed by the temporary indicators of induction/ recovery, the depth and manageability of anesthesia, and low indicators of respiratory depression. Eugenol can serve as an alternative to propofol, which is cost-effective when working with mass material that requires large financial costs. In general, the choice of anesthetic and the adjustment of its doses depend on the specific task facing the fish breeder-ichthyopathologist.

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A. ALMASHAY, Ahmed. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC NEMATODES (CUCULLNUS LONGICOLLIS) THAT INFECTS (MULLUS SURMULETUS) FISH IN THE MARINE WATERS OF SIRTE-LIBYA." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-1.

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Due to the important geographical location that characterized the city of Sirte-Libya, and given the importance of fish wealth in this region and the negative impact that may occur as a result of infecting fish with parasites, and the lack of research studies on this subject in this region, so this research study was conducted to contribute to the to clarify this issue. A number of (70) fish specimens were collected from Sirte - Libyan coast facing Mediterranean Sea from January 2021 to March 2021 , and the measurements were made on them all marine fish examined externally in the laboratory, after that they were dissected by the scientific methods used and examined internally, as well as the digestive system was examined and conducted on parasites extracted by all the processes related to study. The discovered parasitic worms were carefully extracted, laboratory operations were conducted on them, and they were examined and photographed under a normal light microscope as well as an electron microscope. The results showed that (2) of these fish were infected with nematode worms of the species Cucullanus longicollis , which were extracted from the large intestines of these fish. This parasite was recorded for the first time in the marine waters of the city of Sirte-Libya.The general shape of the parasite has been described, supported by pictures. This research aims to identify the parasitic nematodes that infect Mullus surmuletus fish and to know the extent of environmental pollution in the study area and the rate of fish infestation, as well as to clarify and studying the general form of these parasitic worms under study

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A.ALMASHAY, Ahmed. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITIC NEMATODES (CUCULLNUS LONGICOLLIS) THAT INFECTS (MULLUS SURMULETUS) FISH IN THE MARINE WATERS OF SIRTE-LIBYA." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress4-1.

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Yang, Po-Yuan, Jyh-Homg Chou, Jinn-Tsong Tsai, Ying Ma, and Wen-Hsien Ho. "Prediction for Dissolved Oxygen in Water of Fish Farm by Using General Regression Neural Network." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2018.8812400.

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Krakers, L. A., N. P. Kruyt, and H. A. Rutjes. "Full-Scale Validation of a Comprehensive Criterion to Predict Fish-Friendliness of Pumps." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-16450.

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Many pumping stations in drainage & irrigation applications are currently equipped with conventional (not fish friendly designed) pumps. Field tests have been performed [1] for several pump types of a certain size at certain pumping conditions to assess survival rates of fish passing through pumps. In order to compare different pump types of different sizes at different pumping conditions, a general criterion is required. Testing of fish friendliness of pumps is expensive and involves animal tests with living fish for which permits are required. Therefore, pump manufacturers prefer to perform fish friendliness tests for a single pump size. In order to convert such results to other pump sizes, a scaling law is desired. Van Esch [2, 3] made a first attempt to address scaling principles for fish friendliness of pumps. In the current study a general criterion is described to predict fish friendliness of pumps by means of models of mortality rates of fish passing through pumps. The criterion is validated with literature data [1–3] and experimental full-scale test data from the newly developed fish-friendly axial flow concrete volute pump by Flowserve with an impeller diameter of 850 mm. The full-scale tests involved a total of 1800 roach, perch and eel deployed over 7 pumping conditions, including 3 different heads and 5 different rotational speeds. The fish-friendliness criterion includes different aspects that together predict the survival rate of fish passing through pumps. The first and most important contributor is the impeller, which can have an axial, mixed or radial flow design. The criterion involves the leading edge shape of the blades. Secondly, the diffuser or volute is considered, which provides a strike probability with diffuser vanes or volute tongue(s). In case the gap between the trailing edge of the impeller vanes and the leading edge of the diffuser vanes or volute tongue(s) is small relative to the fish size, there is the possibility of a “scissor” effect. Research in the USA for fish friendliness of hydropower turbines [4–7] showed that shear velocity and pressure drops can be of importance. Also cavitation (involves pressure drop & vapor bubble implosions), recirculation and turbulence can influence survival rates. At this stage these flow effects are roughly captured using the pump performance curve. This way, extensive CFD calculations to evaluate detailed flow effects can be avoided. For open impellers, the gap between the impeller vanes and wear ring is included in the criterion. In addition, fish species-dependent effects are taken into account, since fish vary widely in their internal and external building plan. For instance salmonid, percid and cyprinid fish respond differently to the same pump design than for example eel. Sharp edges and rough surfaces (for example caused by cavitation, erosion or corrosion) can also be harmful to fish but are not included at this stage.

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Zhao, Huaizhi, Shuchuang Dong, Jinxin Zhou, Qiao Li, and Daisuke Kitazawa. "A Physical Model Approach to Mooring Forces and Motion Responses of a Closed Fish Tank Including Internal Free Water." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-105129.

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Abstract In marine aquaculture farming, currently used flexible open-net cage systems face many problems and challenges, such as sea lice and other parasites, fish escape, and water pollution. The development of closed fish cage systems for fish farming has been driven by such problems. Closed fish cage systems interact with sea forces when subjected to waves and currents. The wave-induced motions of the closed fish cage would result in sloshing problems, i.e., internal fluid oscillations. Knowledge and experience on the internal sloshing issue are very limited, as closed fish cages are still a novel concept. In the present study, a series of physical model tests were performed to investigate the mooring forces and motion response characteristics of a circular closed fish cage. A decay test in calm water and regular wave experiments were performed for the closed fish cage in a wave basin. In addition, we set three different netting panels with different mesh sizes in the closed fish cage and investigated their inhibitory effects on internal sloshing flow under different configuration conditions. The results indicated that the general trend of maximum mooring forces was the same in both upstream and downstream mooring lines: first increased, then decreased, and finally increased again as the wave period continues to increase. The global motion responses of the fish cage system in the surge (pitch) directions exhibited similar trends with mooring forces. When the incident wave periods closed to the first mode of the sloshing period, the surge (pitch) response was almost zero. For internal water sloshing, it clearly showed that the second or higher harmonic components cannot be negligible, but had little effect on the global motion of the cage. Furthermore, the inhibition effect of the netting panels on the free water surface oscillation was confirmed, especially when the netting panel was horizontally placed on the inner free water surface, the most obvious inhibitory effect could be observed. Overall, these findings are expected to provide references for the design and operation of the closed fish cage system.

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Reports on the topic "Fish - general"

Herman, Brook, Todd Swannack, Nathan Richards, Nancy Gleason, and Safra Altman. Development of a General Anadromous Fish Habitat Model : phase 2 : initial model quantification. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38249.

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Herman, Brook, Todd Swannack, Molly Reif, Nathan Richards, Tomma Barnes, and Candice Piercy. Framework for a general restoration model for ecosystems with anadromous fish for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32265.

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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.

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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.

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Pearson, Karen, Svetlozara Chobanova, and Erica Kintz. The risk to vulnerable consumers from Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat smoked fish. Food Standards Scotland, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qel826.

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Infection with the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious illness in people who are more vulnerable to infection, and hospitalisation and death can occur in serious cases. There are several factors that make people more vulnerable to infection with this bacteria, such as: pregnancy (where infection may lead to miscarriage or illness in newly born babies) ageing (as the immune system weakens with age, older adults - usually defined as those who are aged 65 and over - can be more susceptible to listeriosis compared with the general population) people who are considered immunocompromised due to a medical condition or treatment Certain ready-to-eat foods (foods that are not expected to undergo cooking) can allow the survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat smoked fish (such as smoked salmon and trout) is recognised as one of these foods. This risk assessment was requested to provide evidence to support a review of the advice for vulnerable consumers on the risk of eating ready-to-eat smoked fish.

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Herman, Brook, Todd Swannack, Molly Reif, Nathan Richards, Tomma Barnes, and Candice Piercy. Framework for a general restoration model for ecosystems with anadromous fish for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Phase 1 : conceptual model development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46645.

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Salmonid species are critically important ecologically, socially, and economically for North American coastal regions. Alterations to the structure (e.g., channelization) and function (e.g., sediment transport) of estuaries, rivers, and streams have greatly impacted these species, many are now listed as federally threatened or endangered. As part of environmental compliance procedures and policy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is required to assess the impacts and/or benefits of proposed water resource projects (e.g., levee maintenance, ecosystem restoration, etc.) to the environment. The USACE is required to predict and quantify environmental benefits using models to justify federal investment in ecosystem restoration projects. The purpose of this effort is to develop a general model or model framework that can be used during the USACE planning process that will serve as a unified standard Salmonid model. The primary purpose of the model will be to project future environmental benefits that will result from proposed restoration measures. Additionally, the model needs to be sensitive to different combinations of restoration measures in order to assist the USCAE in the planning and decision making process. This report presents the results of the first phase of model development using the mediated model development process.

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Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler, and Lena Bergström, eds. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.

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The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.

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LeDuc, Jamie, Ryan Maki, Tom Burri, Joan Elias, Jay Glase, Brenda Moraska Lafrancois, Kevin Peterson, David Vandermeulen, and Ben Vondra. Voyageurs National Park interior lakes status and impact assessment. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289923.

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Voyageurs National Park (VNP) is a water-based park that includes part or all of four large lakes and twenty-six smaller lakes commonly referred to as “interior lakes”. The 26 interior lakes of VNP are important aquatic resources with differing size and depth, water chemistry, trophic status, fish communities, and visitor use. Despite the remote location of these lakes, they have been impacted by multiple stressors, including contaminants and non-native species. This assessment provides key information in support of a science-based management plan for these lakes. The objectives of this assessment were to: 1) assess the status of each of the interior lakes and categorically rank the lakes from least to most impacted; 2) use the results to make specific science-based management and restoration recommendations for the most impacted lakes; and 3) make general recommendations that may be useful in managing all of Voyageurs National Park’s interior lakes. When all factors considered in this analysis (water quality, fish mercury concentrations, and fish community characteristics) were combined and assessed, thirteen lakes were classified as most impacted, nine as moderately impacted, and three as least impacted. Although nearly half of the lakes were classified as most impacted in this assessment, many of these lakes are in excellent condition compared to other lakes in the region. The factor-by-factor impact status of the lakes was considered to help describe the condition of the lakes and the potential for restoration. No local management options were identified to mitigate the mercury contamination in these lakes as research has shown the sources of the contamination to arrive from regional and global sources. Similarly, no management actions were identified to reduce nutrient concentrations in the lakes ranked most impacted for nutrient conditions as these are remote lakes with minimal or no development within their watersheds, and it was also noted that paleolimnological studies have shown that the nutrient status of the interior lakes was relatively unchanged from pre-European settlement conditions. Finally, for the lakes in which presumed introduced fish species are present, piscicides were considered as a potential management action. Piscicides were not recommended as a strategy to eradicate introduced fish species as it was determined that genetic conservation of the populations of native fish species still present in these lakes was more valuable than eradicating the introduced species.

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Maycock, Barry, Cath Mulholland, Emma French, and Joseph Shavila. Rapid Risk Assessment: What is the risk from microcystins in the edible flesh of fish caught from Lough Neagh? Food Standards Agency, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.slz868.

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During the Summer and Autumn of 2023, Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland was affected by a cyanobacterial bloom. Testing of water from within the bloom reported high concentrations of one type of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystins. Samples were taken from the Lough of eels, roach, perch, pollan and bream and tested for a range of cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins, nodularins, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. Each sample comprised 10 fish, and five samples were taken of each species, except for bream for which a single sample was collected. The fish were dissected and the edible flesh, intestine, liver, roe, gonad and/or gills analysed separately. Microcystins were detected at a range of concentrations in the various parts of the fish that were sampled - intestine, liver, roe and/or gills, but were not detected in the edible flesh of any of the fish samples. Averaged across the samples, the highest concentrations of microcystins were quantified in the intestine samples, followed by the liver samples, with low concentrations were detected in the gills and a small number of the samples of gonads and roe. None of the other toxins were detected in any fish sample. The initial analysis for microcystins was of free toxins only. However, there is evidence that microcystins which are covalently bound to proteins are also bioavailable and therefore 22 fish tissue samples, including nine fish flesh samples, were also sent to another laboratory where they were analysed by a method which measures the total concentrations of microcystins, free and protein-bound. The viscera tissue samples chosen for the further analysis were those with the highest concentrations of the free toxins, while the fish flesh samples included 2-3 samples each of eels, roach, pollan and perch. The concentrations of total microcystins found in viscera samples were around one order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of free microcystins that had been measured. However, microcystins were still not detected in the edible fish flesh samples. It is possible that microcystins were not present at any level in any of the fish flesh samples. However, the presence of microcystins in the edible flesh of fish has been reported in the scientific literature, albeit at lower levels than those in the gastrointestinal tract or other parts of the viscera such as liver (Testai et al., 2016). Since microcystins were detected in other parts of the fish sampled from Lough Neagh it is also possible that they were also present in the fish flesh but at levels below the limits of detection of the analytical methods. The limit of detection of the analytical method for total (free + bound) microcystins was 10 µg/kg wet weight. An upper bound dietary exposure assessment was conducted. While a lower bound exposure assessment would assume the microcystins were not present in the edible flesh, i.e. a concentration of 0 µg/kg, the upper bound approach assumed they were present at the limit of detection of 10 µg/kg. The true concentrations may be between these levels. The exposure assessments consider high consumers of fish (97.5th percentile). For eels, consumption data were used from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). For roach, perch, pollan and bream. No consumption data were available from the NDNS and consumption data for trout were used instead as a proxy. The main target organ for toxicity of the microcystins is the liver, though other organs may also be affected. The microcystin most studied toxicologically is microcystin-LR, which is one of the most common microcystins. A WHO review established a provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for microcystin-LR of 0.04 µg per kg bodyweight (bw). WHO recommended that exposures to total microcystins should be compared to this provisional TDI, though there is uncertainty with this as individual microcystins are likely to differ significantly in their toxic potencies. Estimated dietary exposures of total microcystins were all within the provisional TDI, indicating no health concern from consuming the edible flesh of these species. Since fish may be caught and prepared for consumption not only by food business operators but by recreational anglers, concern has been raised that evisceration may be incomplete or the edible flesh may become contaminated in the process, and therefore this was also considered in the risk assessment. This was based on the sample of fish which contained the highest concentration of total microcystins in a viscera component, which was a sample of roach with a particularly high concentration of microcystins in intestine. It was assumed that 10% of the relative proportion of intestine to flesh in the fish would be inadvertently consumed with the flesh. In this scenario, dietary exposures would be within the provisional TDI in most age groups or would marginally exceed the TDI, but this would not be toxicologically significant. In addition, since this exposure scenario used an upper bound approach to the concentration in flesh, and used the highest concentration in any viscera sample, it is not clear that there would be any exceedance of the provisional TDI in practice. Overall, it appears unlikely that consumers will substantially exceed the provisional TDI on a long-term basis due to incomplete evisceration of fish. Overall, exposure to microcystins from eating the edible flesh of the tested fish species would not be expected to cause adverse effects in consumers, including if the fish is inadequately eviscerated. Therefore, we consider the frequency of adverse reactions in the general population to be negligible, so rare that it does not merit to be included. Based on the possible levels of exposure to microcystins from fish from Lough Neagh, it is considered that any liver injury, were it to occur in consumers of fish, would result from long term exposure and be mild. Overall, we consider the severity of illness that could potentially occur as a result of exposure to microcystins from consuming edible fish flesh from Lough Neagh to be medium (i.e. moderate illness, incapacitating but not usually life-threatening and of moderate duration). We consider the level of uncertainty to be medium (i.e. there are some but no complete data available), but that this does not affect the conclusion of the risk assessment since many of the key uncertainties are addressed within the risk assessment. However, future monitoring would be useful to assess whether microcystin concentrations in the fish change over time.

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Liu, Zhanjiang John, Rex Dunham, and Boaz Moav. Developmental and Evaluation of Advanced Expression Vectors with Both Enhanced Integration and Stable Expression for Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585196.bard.

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The objectives of the project were to develop expression vectors using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology and the genetic border elements to provide both enhanced integration rate and stable transgene expression, and to evaluate the application of such vectors in farmed fish such as catfish and carp. The panel recommended adding the objective of evaluating the endogenous transposable elements, particularly in catfish, in order to evaluate the applicability of the expression vectors while reduc1ng efforts in real production of transgenic fish considering the focus of the project was to develop the vector and evaluation of its applicability, not producing transgenic fish. Efficient production of transgenic farmed fish is hindered by two major problems: mosaicism due to delayed integration after single-cell stage, and silencing of transgene expression. In this project, we proposed to combat these problems by coupling the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology that can enhance integration rate and the border elements that can insulate transgene from position effect. Our major objective was to develop a new generation of expression vector that contains both of these elements. We have developed expression vectors containing both the Sleeping Beauty transposon signals, inverted repeats and direct repeats (IR and DR, respectively), and the border elements, scs and scs'. Growth hormone minigene has been cloned into this vector for applications of such vectors in growth enhancement. Luc reporter gene has been also cloned into this vector cascades for relative easy evaluation of transgene expression. Transgenic fish have been produced using these expression vectors in both catfish (US) and carp (Israel). Much effort was also devoted to evaluation of the endogenous transposable elements in catfish as recommended by the BARD grant panel. Multiple families of Tcl-like transposons were identified from catfish. Surprisingly, many Tc I-related transcripts were identified. Among these transcripts, both the sense and antisense transcripts were present. Some of the transcripts may be useful for development of novel transposase-based technology for aquaculture applications in the future. This project has both scientific and aquaculture implications. First, to develop expression vectors containing both IR/DR and scs/scs' repeated elements have been reported being extremely technically difficult due to excision of the repeated sequences by the E. coli host during cloning processes. We have successfully constructed this advanced vector that contained very complex cascades for both gene integration and gene regulation. We have produced transgenic fish using such vectors. This advanced expression vector should be useful for production of transgenic fish. By simply replacing the growth hormone gene, any gene of interest can be readily inserted in this vector. Thus this vector should provide technological possibility for early integration and stable expression of any economically important genes in aquaculture. We have also evaluated the applications of the Sleeping Beauty-based vectors in terms of the impact of gene size and found that the size of trans gene drastically affects transposition. The system will be only useful for transferring genes smaller than 5.6 kb. We have also identified novel transposase-related transcripts that may be useful for the development of novel transposase-based technologies for general scientific research and for aquaculture applications.

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Svahn, Emma. Faktablad – Resultat från övervakningen av kustfisk – Kvädöfjärden (Egentliga Östersjön) 1989‒2022. Institutionen för akvatiska resurser, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4e98k7nsrq.

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Coastal fish monitoring in the autumn has been conducted in Kvädöfjärden using the gear net series since 1989. The fishing methodology was revised in 2018 and resulted in only one night of fishing per station in contrast to six consecutive nights. Only the first night of fishing over all years has hence been included in the analysis in this report. A survey with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets was performed for the first time in autumn the same year as the revision and has been executed annually since then. The methodologies are not fully comparable, and has thus been analysed separately in this report. The fish community is described using a set of indicators. Out of the environmental factors measured during monitoring, the water temperature has fluctuated over the years but without any directional trend. There is a decreasing trend in secchi depth in the short time series using Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets but no such trend is seen in the longer time series using the net series. In total, 20 species was caught in the survey using net series and 19 species in the Nordic coastal multimesh gillnet survey. Some species are caught using both gear types but some are unique to the respective method. The results show that there are no trends over time in the coastal fish community regarding the indicators total catch, abundance of mesopredators, abundance of piscivores, abundance of large fish, the number of species caught, diversity index and the mean trophic level of the monitoring catch. Some species in the catches (cod, whiting and burbot) are classified as vulnerable (VU) in the Swedish Red List of species 2020 by the Swedish Species Information Centre at the Swedish University of Agriculture. Vimba bream that also occurs in the catches is classified as near threatened (NT). The most common species in the survey with net series were roach and perch, but in the past few years, ruffe made up a substantial proportion of the catches. Herring is dominating the catch in the surveys with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets, but roach and perch also constitutes a large proportion of the total catch. European smelt is the only species with an increasing trend over time while perch, white bream, pike and European flounder all have decreasing trends in the net series survey. In the survey with Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets, herring and sprat showed increasing trends over time. The catch of large fish over 30 cm was in general small and mostly comprised of whitefish in both surveys. In the net series survey, roach was also a substantial part of the large fish. European flounder had condition index over the threshold value for good condition in Kvädöfjärden and no trend over time was observed for the index. In conclusion, it can be noted that the coastal fish community in Kvädöfjärden has been relatively stable during the assessed time series, with a few exceptions. In the long time series, European smelt has increased over time and perch, white bream, pike, and European flounder have decreased over time. In the survey with the gear Nordic coastal multimesh gillnets with a considerably shorter time series, sprat and herring showed increasing trends. It can also be noted that whilst there are similarities in catches and indicators between the two fishing gears, the differences in the methodologies is also a factor that most likely can explain a large part of the dissimilarities in results between the gears.

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