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Journal articles on the topic 'Fischer Tropsch Catalysts'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Li, Weizhen, Xuebing Zhang, Tao Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Linlin Wei, Quan Lin, Yijun Lv, and Zhuowu Men. "The Effect of Chlorine Modification of Precipitated Iron Catalysts on Their Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Properties." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080812.

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Precipitated iron Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts impregnated with chlorine were prepared and their Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performances were tested in a 1 L stirred tank reactor. The results showed that the chlorine modification had a significant influence on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of the precipitated iron catalyst. Compared with the catalyst without the chlorine modification, the catalyst containing about 0.1 wt% chlorine was deactivated by about 40% and the catalyst containing about 1 wt% chlorine was deactivated by about 65%. The textural properties, phase, reduction properties, and chlorine adsorption state of the catalysts before and after the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were characterized. The strong interaction between chlorine and iron in the catalyst hindered the reduction and carbonization of the catalyst, which was the reason for the deactivation of the catalyst caused by the chlorine modification.
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2

Shareef, Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Arslan, Naseem Iqbal, Nisar Ahmad, and Tayyaba Noor. "Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-362.

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This paper presents the effect of a synthesis method for cobalt catalyst supported on hydrotalcite material for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The hydrotalcite supported cobalt (HT-Co) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using various techniques like BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Fixed bed micro reactor was used to test the catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. The catalytic testing results demonstrated the performance of hydrotalcite based cobalt catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with high selectivity for liquid products. The effect of synthesis method on the activity and selectivity of catalyst was also discussed. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 3rd November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Sharif, M.S., Arslan, M., Iqbal, N., Ahmad, N., Noor, T. (2017). Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12(3): 357-363 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-363)
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Shareef, Muhammad Faizan, Muhammad Arslan, Naseem Iqbal, Nisar Ahmad, and Tayyaba Noor. "Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-363.

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This paper presents the effect of a synthesis method for cobalt catalyst supported on hydrotalcite material for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The hydrotalcite supported cobalt (HT-Co) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using various techniques like BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Fixed bed micro reactor was used to test the catalytic activity of prepared catalysts. The catalytic testing results demonstrated the performance of hydrotalcite based cobalt catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with high selectivity for liquid products. The effect of synthesis method on the activity and selectivity of catalyst was also discussed. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 3rd November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Sharif, M.S., Arslan, M., Iqbal, N., Ahmad, N., Noor, T. (2017). Development of Hydrotalcite Based Cobalt Catalyst by Hydrothermal and Co-precipitation Method for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12(3): 357-363 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.762.357-363)
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4

Zhao, Hong Xia, and Hai Liang Lü. "Support Modification on the Catalytic Performance of Co/SiO2 Catalyst in Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.148.

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The effects of support modification on cobalt based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated. Part of silica support was modified with ammonia solution and the other part not. The Co/SiO2 catalyst with the support surface modified by ammonia solution showed larger particle size, strong Co-Si interaction, higher activity and selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It could be concluded that the support acidity can be controlled thus affected the reaction property of the catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
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5

Zhao, Hong Xia, and Hai Liang Lü. "Effect of La Promotion on Co/ZrO2 Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.124.

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The effects of lanthanum promotion on cobalt based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated. The Co/ZrO2 catalysts promoted by lanthanum had higher activity and selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst with the La content 1% had the highest activity and selectivity attributed to the promotion effect of La. However, excessive La addition could depress the activity of the catalyst due to the Co-La interaction and the lower reduction degree.
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6

Zhai, Peng, Geng Sun, Qingjun Zhu, and Ding Ma. "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis nanostructured catalysts: understanding structural characteristics and catalytic reaction." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 547–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2013-0025.

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AbstractOne key goal of heterogeneous catalysis study is to understand the correlation between the catalyst structure and its corresponding catalytic activity. In this review, we focus on recent strategies to synthesize well-defined Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) nanostructured catalysts and their catalytic performance in FTS. The development of those promising catalysts highlights the potentials of nanostructured materials to unravel the complex and dynamic reaction mechanism, particularly under the in situ reaction conditions. The crucial factors associated with the catalyst compositions and structures and their effects on the FTS activities are discussed with an emphasis on the role of theoretical modeling and experimental results.
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7

Chen, Yanping, Youming Ni, Yong Liu, Hongchao Liu, Xiangang Ma, Shiping Liu, Wenliang Zhu, and Zhongmin Liu. "Sintered precipitated iron catalysts with enhanced fragmentation-resistance ability for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 22 (2018): 5943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy01392f.

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8

Chernavskii, P. A. "Preparation of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts." Kinetics and Catalysis 46, no. 5 (September 2005): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10975-005-0119-3.

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9

du Plessis, Hester, Roy Forbes, Werner Barnard, Alta Ferreira, and Axel Steuwer. "In situ reduction study of cobalt model Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090512.

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Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is an important process to manufacture hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas). The catalysis process occurs on for example cobalt metal surfaces at elevated temperatures and pressures. A fundamental understanding of the reduction pathway of supported cobalt oxides, and the intermediate species present during the activation, can assist in developing improved industrial supported cobalt catalysts. Measurements were done during in-situ hydrogen activation of a model Co/alumina catalyst using in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis. Strong metal-support interactions between the Co and the support1 can make the catalyst more stable towards sintering. The supported cobalt oxide catalyst precursors have to undergo reductive pre-treatments before their use as FT catalysts. During activation the cobalt oxides evolve, resulting in the formation of metallic cobalt depending on temperature, pressure of activation gases, concentration, time of exposure etc. The effect of hydrogen activation treatments on model catalysts were reported previously [1,2], however analysis of the alumina support phases was excluded from the interpretation by subtraction and normalisation. The PDF refinement accounted for all cobalt present in the catalyst sample and after reduction mainly Co(fcc) with a little Co(hcp) was found to be present. This is a novel approach to in situ PDF analysis of catalysts containing a mixture of phases [3].
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10

Do Pham Noa, Uy, Huan Nguyen Manh, Loc Hoang Van, Chien Luc Minh, Giang Nguyen Thi Chau, Nhan Truong Van, Binh Phan Minh Quoc, Luong Nguyen Huu, and Thuan Huynh Minh. "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded on ceramic monolith-structured substrate." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 9, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2020.055.

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Cobalt-based catalyst supported on γ-Al2O3­ was prepared by impregnation method and loaded on ceramic monolith-structured substrate by wash-coating slurry method. Physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and H2 temperatured-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). Activity of the catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was investigated in a tubular reactor in a temperature range of 200-275 oC at 20 bar and GHSV = 3000 h-1. Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded on ceramic monolith-structured substrate enhanced efficacy of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by increasing and stabilizing CO conversion and C5+ selectivity, compared to Co/γ-Al2O3 powder catalyst.
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11

Hoffman, Adam S., Joseph A. Singh, Stacey F. Bent, and Simon R. Bare. "In situ observation of phase changes of a silica-supported cobalt catalyst for the Fischer–Tropsch process by the development of a synchrotron-compatible in situ/operando powder X-ray diffraction cell." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 6 (October 26, 2018): 1673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518013942.

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In situ characterization of catalysts gives direct insight into the working state of the material. Here, the design and performance characteristics of a universal in situ synchrotron-compatible X-ray diffraction cell capable of operation at high temperature and high pressure, 1373 K, and 35 bar, respectively, are reported. Its performance is demonstrated by characterizing a cobalt-based catalyst used in a prototypical high-pressure catalytic reaction, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, using X-ray diffraction. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica were studied in situ during Fischer–Tropsch catalysis using syngas, H2 and CO, at 723 K and 20 bar. Post reaction, the Co nanoparticles were carburized at elevated pressure, demonstrating an increased rate of carburization compared with atmospheric studies.
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12

du Plessis, H. E., J. P. R. de Villiers, A. Tuling, and E. J. Olivier. "Stacking disorder in silicon carbide supported cobalt crystallites: an X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 43 (2016): 30183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06334a.

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13

Boldrin, Paul, James R. Gallagher, Gary B. Combes, Dan I. Enache, David James, Peter R. Ellis, Gordon Kelly, John B. Claridge, and Matthew J. Rosseinsky. "Proxy-based accelerated discovery of Fischer–Tropsch catalysts." Chemical Science 6, no. 2 (2015): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02116a.

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High-throughput XRD and TGA are used to screen hundreds of candidate Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst samples per month for particle size, reducibility and stability under operating conditions. A series of highly stable catalysts based on Co-Ru-Mg-Al2O3 are identified.
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14

Okoye-Chine, Chike George, and Samuel Mubenesha. "The Use of Iron Ore as a Catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis—A Review." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101349.

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The use of iron ore as an alternative to conventional Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) iron catalyst has been identified as a way to achieve a cost-effective catalyst. In recent times, considerable progress has been made to build a strong case for iron ore as a viable alternative to traditional iron catalysts. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities to enhance the current iron ore low-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (LTFT) catalysts and pave the way for optimal performing catalysts. In this study, we thoroughly examined the various publications on iron ore catalysts used for FTS and highlighted the research gaps in the studies. The study identified the progress made so far, opportunities, and challenges regarding the use of iron ore as a catalyst in FTS. One of the critical areas that needs to be addressed from the review is establishing the deactivation pathways of these catalyst systems. The application of advanced spectroscopic and computational methods is also suggested to elucidate the relationship between the synthesis conditions, active catalytic sites, reaction intermediates, and catalytic performance to fabricate optimized iron ore LTFT catalysts.
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15

Ordomsky, V. V., B. Legras, K. Cheng, S. Paul, and A. Y. Khodakov. "The role of carbon atoms of supported iron carbides in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 3 (2015): 1433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01631a.

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High reactivity of iron carbides enhances the Fischer–Tropsch reaction rate on supported iron catalysts. Carbon atoms in iron carbide are involved in the initiation of chain growth in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
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16

Маркова, М. Е., and А. А. Степачёва. "INFLUENCE OF THE SUPPORT AND THE SYNTHESIS METHOD ON THE ACTIVITY OF Ru-CONTAINING CATALYSTS IN THE LIQUID-PHASE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, no. 1(51) (March 13, 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2023.1.4.

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Синтез Фишера-Тпроша – важный процесс получения синтетических углеводородов из синтез-газа. Однако, на данный момент он применяется в промышленности в ограниченных масштабах, что связано с низкой активностью катализаторов, их быстрой дезактивацией, а также высокой экзотермичностью реакции. Разработка новых активных и стабильных катализаторов синтеза Фишера-Тропша является важной задачей для исследователей. В данной работе проведено сравнение методов синтеза рутенийсодержащих катализаторов, а также используемых носителей, в процессе жидкофазного синтеза Фишера-Тропша. Fischer-Tprosch synthesis is an important process for obtaining synthetic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas. However, at the moment, it is used in industry on a limited scale due to the low activity of catalysts, their rapid deactivation, as well as the high exothermicity of the reaction. The development of new active and stable Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts is an important task for researchers. In this paper, the methods of synthesis of ruthenium-containing catalysts, as well as the catalyst supports used, were compared in the process of the liquid-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
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17

Ye, Wan Li. "Study of the Performance of the Cobalt Based Catalyst on Different Supports for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.251.

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With cobalt-based catalyst loaded by Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 as research objectives, in this paper, the performance of these cobalt-based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is discussed. Besides, BET, XRD, FTIR, TPR superficial characteristics and evaluation experiments have been carried out for these catalysts respectively, and the result shows that, the catalyst loaded by ZrO2 has the highest catalytic activity, while the catalyst loaded by Al2O3 has the lowest catalytic activity. The catalyst with higher CO adsorption and dissolving capacity has higher activity; meanwhile, the higher reducibility the catalyst has, the higher the activity of the catalyst will be. In addition, catalyst methane selectivity loaded by Al2O3 is the highest, while catalyst methane selectivity loaded by TiO2 is the lowest, which shows that the large pore structure of catalyst is good for heavy hydrocarbon production, meanwhile, formate species generated on the surface of catalyst implies that the formate species is involved in the generation of methane. Keywords.Carrier; cobalt-based catalyst; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; performance
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18

Yakovenko, R. E., V. G. Bakun, I. N. Zubkov, G. B. Narochnyi, O. P. Papeta, and A. P. Savost'yanov. "The Effect of the Preparation Method of Bifunctional Fischer – Tropsch Catalysts on the Composition and Properties of Synthetic Fuel." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 20, no. 4 (July 20, 2020): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2020-4-275-285.

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The effect of the preparation method of bifunctional cobalt catalysts with HZSM-5 zeolite and a boehmite binder on the catalytic performance in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was studied. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by means of BET, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, H2 TPD and NH3 TPD methods and tested in the synthesis of hydrocarbons at a pressure of 2.0 MPa, temperature 240 °C, and gas hourly space velocity 1000 h–1. It was shown that the method of catalyst preparation can be used for controlling the hydrocarbon and fractional composition ofproducts of the Fischer – Tropsch synthesis. A promising composite catalytic system for the single-step synthesis of low-freezing diesel fuel was proposed.
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19

Gosteva, Alevtina N., Mayya V. Kulikova, Yulya P. Semushina, Mariya V. Chudakova, Nikita S. Tsvetov, and Vasilii V. Semushin. "Catalytic Activity of Thermolyzed [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] in CO Hydrogenation Reaction." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133782.

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Currently, the processes of obtaining synthetic liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates are very relevant. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is the most important step in these processes. The products of thermal destruction in argon of the mixture [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] and Al(OH)3 were used as catalysts for CO hydrogenation. The resulting compositions were studied using powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM micrographs. The specific surface area, pore and particle size distributions were determined. It was determined that the DCS-based catalysts were active in the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The effect of aluminum in the catalyst composition on the distribution of reaction products was revealed.
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20

Chernavskii, P. A., J. A. Dalmon, N. S. Perov, and A. Y. Khodakov. "Magnetic Characterization of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts." Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'IFP 64, no. 1 (January 2009): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2008050.

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21

Hadjigeorghiou, G. A., and J. T. Richardson. "Fischer-Tropsch activity in NiOThO2 catalysts." Applied Catalysis 21, no. 1 (February 1986): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)81327-5.

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22

Galarraga, C., E. Peluso, and H. de Lasa. "Eggshell catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Chemical Engineering Journal 82, no. 1-3 (March 2001): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1385-8947(00)00352-1.

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23

Ming, Hui, Bruce G. Baker, and Marek Jasieniak. "Characterization of cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 381, no. 1-2 (June 2010): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2010.04.014.

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24

Kapteijn, Freek, Ronald M. de Deugd, and Jacob A. Moulijn. "Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using monolithic catalysts." Catalysis Today 105, no. 3-4 (August 2005): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.06.063.

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25

Post, M. F. M., A. C. Van't Hoog, J. K. Minderhoud, and S. T. Sie. "Diffusion limitations in fischer-tropsch catalysts." AIChE Journal 35, no. 7 (July 1989): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350706.

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26

Dry, Mark E. "Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over iron catalysts." Catalysis Letters 7, no. 1-4 (1991): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00764506.

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27

Tau, Li-Min, Hossein A. Dabbagh, Thomas P. Wilson, and Burtron H. Davis. "Fischer—Tropsch synthesis with iron catalysts." Applied Catalysis 56, no. 1 (January 1989): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)80161-x.

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MUKHRIZA, TEUKU, KUI ZHANG, and ANH N. PHAN. "Microwave Assisted Co/SiO2 preparation for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis." Jurnal Natural 20, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v20i2.16889.

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Cobalt catalyst has been widely used for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthesis in Industry. The most common method to prepare cobalt catalyst is impregnations. Metal is deposited on porous support by contacting dry support with solution containing dissolved cobalt precursor. This step will follow by drying, calcination and reduction. The heating step used in this conventional method, however, may lead to the formation of metal silicate which is inactive site for catalysis. In this study, author explore the use of microwave to prepare catalyst compared to conventional drying method. Cobalt catalyst with SiO2 support was prepared and characterized. Particle size, surface area, and cobalt content were investigated. Crystallite size of 3-8 nm was formed which was reported to be the optimum size for cobalt catalyst in FT Synthesis. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image revealed that microwave catalyst showed better uniformity and cobalt dispersion on silica support. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) study also indicated that this catalyst has good stability at Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. The catalysts were then applied plasma assisted FT process over a range of power plasma (20-60W) to investigate the effect on the conversion and selectivity. The results showed that microwave catalyst exhibit lower CO conversion at 42.06% compared to conventional method at 68.32%. However, microwave catalyst is more favourable for long chain hydrocarbon selectivity.
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Wu, Hua-Kun, Fan Zhang, Jing-Yu Li, Zi-Rong Tang, and Yi-Jun Xu. "Photo-driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 46 (2020): 24253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta09097b.

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Photo-driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) provides a attractive and sustainable alternative compared to traditional FTS. This minireview expatiates the recent advances of various metal-based catalysts for photo-driven FTS.
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Heikkinen, Niko, Laura Keskiväli, Patrik Eskelinen, Matti Reinikainen, and Matti Putkonen. "The Effect of Atomic Layer Deposited Overcoat on Co-Pt-Si/γ-Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060672.

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to prepare a thin alumina layer on Fischer–Tropsch catalysts. Co-Pt-Si/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was overcoated with 15–40 cycles of Al2O3 deposited from trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water vapor, followed by thermal annealing. The resulting tailored Fischer–Tropsch catalyst with 35 cycle ALD overcoating had increased activity compared to unmodified catalyst. The increase in activity was achieved without significant loss of selectivity towards heavier hydrocarbons. Altered catalyst properties were assumed to result from cobalt particle stabilization by ALD alumina overcoating and nanoscale porosity of the overcoating. In addition to optimal thickness of the overcoat, thermal annealing was an essential part of preparing ALD overcoated catalyst.
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31

Chalupka, Karolina A., Jacek Grams, Pawel Mierczynski, Malgorzata I. Szynkowska, Jacek Rynkowski, Thomas Onfroy, Sandra Casale, and Stanislaw Dzwigaj. "The Impact of Reduction Temperature and Nanoparticles Size on the Catalytic Activity of Cobalt-Containing BEA Zeolite in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050553.

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A goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the preparation procedure and activation conditions (reduction temperature and reducing medium: pure hydrogen (100% H2) or hydrogen-argon mixture (5% H2-95% Ar)) on the activity of Co-containing BEA zeolites in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Therefore, a series of CoBEA zeolites were obtained by a conventional wet impregnation (Co5.0AlBEA) and a two-step postsynthesis preparation procedure involving dealumination and impregnation steps (Co5.0SiBEA). Both types of zeolites were calcined in air at 500 °C for 3 h and then reduced at 500, 800 and 900 °C for 1 h in 100 % H2 and in 5% H2–95% Ar mixture flow. The obtained Red-C-Co5.0AlBEA and Red-C-Co5.0SiBEA catalysts with various physicochemical properties were tested in Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Among the studied catalysts, Red-C-Co5.0SiBEA reduced at 500 °C in pure hydrogen was the most active, presenting selectivity to liquid products of 91% containing mainly C7–C16 n-alkanes and isoalkanes as well as small amount of olefins, with CO conversion of about 11%. The Red-C-Co5.0AlBEA catalysts were not active in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. It showed that removal of aluminum from the BEA zeolite in the first step of postsynthesis preparation procedure played a key role in the preparation of efficient catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. An increase of the reduction temperature from 500 to 800 and 900 °C resulted in two times lower CO conversion and a drop of the selectivity towards liquid products (up to 62%–88%). The identified main liquid products were n-alkanes and isoalkanes. The higher activity of Red-C-Co5.0SiBEA catalysts can be assigned to good dispersion of cobalt nanoparticles and thus a smaller cobalt nanoparticles size than in the case of Red-C-Co5.0AlBEA catalyst.
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32

Zhang, Shuai, Kangzhou Wang, Fugui He, Xinhua Gao, Subing Fan, Qingxiang Ma, Tiansheng Zhao, and Jianli Zhang. "H2O Derivatives Mediate CO Activation in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review." Molecules 28, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 5521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145521.

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The process of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is commonly described as a series of reactions in which CO and H2 are dissociated and adsorbed on the metals and then rearranged to produce hydrocarbons and H2O. However, CO dissociation adsorption is regarded as the initial stage of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and an essential factor in the control of catalytic activity. Several pathways have been proposed to activate CO, namely direct CO dissociation, activation hydrogenation, and activation by insertion into growing chains. In addition, H2O is considered an important by-product of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactions and has been shown to play a key role in regulating the distribution of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis products. The presence of H2O may influence the reaction rate, the product distribution, and the deactivation rate. Focus on H2O molecules and H2O-derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) can assist CO activation hydrogenation on Fe- and Co-based catalysts. In this work, the intermediates (C*, O*, HCO*, COH*, COH*, CH*, etc.) and reaction pathways were analyzed, and the H2O and H2O derivatives (H*, OH* and O*) on Fe- and Co-based catalysts and their role in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction process were reviewed.
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33

Markova, M., A. Stepacheva, A. Gavrilenko, and I. Petukhova. "Ru-containing Catalysts for Liquid-phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/10.33619/2414-2948/48/04.

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The search for new stable and active catalysts of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the key directions for production of liquid fuels from alternative raw materials. Stabilization of the active phase is the main task in the development of catalysts for hydrogenation of CO into liquid fuels. This problem can be solved by choosing the optimal support, as well as the synthesis method. This work is devoted to the development of new polymer mono– and bimetallic Ru-containing catalysts for liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is shown that the use of 1% Ru-HPS and 10% Co — 1% Ru-HPS allows to obtain a high yield of gasoline hydrocarbons (more than 70%), providing a high conversion of CO (up to 23%). The selected polymer-based systems showed high stability in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.
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34

Shroff, Mehul D., Dinesh S. Kalakkad, Nancy B. Jackson, Mark S. Harrington, Allen G. Sault, and Abhaya K. Datye. "Characterization of carbides in iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138543.

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The Fischer - Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from the indirect liquefaction of coal has tremendous potential as an alternative to petroleum - based fuels. The use of iron catalysts is desirable due to their low cost, easy availability, good FTS activity and high water - gas shift activity thus enabling use with low H2 / CO ratios. However, problems relating to attrition and deactivation need to be addressed. In addition, there has been a controversy in the literature regarding the role of the carbide phase and the identity of the active catalytic phase. The main reason for the existence of this debate has been the use of different characterization techniques. Our results with a commercial, precipitated and spray-dried, Fe2O3 - CuO - K2O Fischer-Tropsch catalyst point to the fact that conventional techniques like X - ray Diffraction (XRD), X - ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) which have been traditionally used to characterize these catalysts (1,2) are not very successful in detecting the existence of the carbide phase, which generally forms as 20 - 30 nm crystallites on the surface of the micron - sized magnetite crystals.
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35

Mazurova, Kristina, Albina Miyassarova, Oleg Eliseev, Valentine Stytsenko, Aleksandr Glotov, and Anna Stavitskaya. "Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts for Selective Production of Diesel Fraction." Catalysts 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081215.

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The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mainly linear alkanes. Recently, an important direction has been to increase the selectivity of the process for the diesel fraction. Diesel fuel synthesized via the Fischer–Tropsch method has a number of advantages over conventional fuel, including the high cetane number, the low content of aromatic, and the practically absent sulfur and nitrogen impurities. One of the possible ways to obtain a high yield of diesel fuel via the Fischer–Tropsch process is the development of selective catalysts. In this review, the latest achievements in the field of production of diesel via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using catalysts are reviewed for the first time. Catalytic systems based on Al2O3 and mesoporous silicates, such as MCM-41, SBA-15, and micro- and mesoporous zeolites, are observed. Together with catalytic systems, the main factors that influence diesel fuel selectivity such as temperature, pressure, CO:H2 ratio, active metal particle size, and carrier pore size are highlighted. The motivation behind this work is due to the increasing need for alternative processes in diesel fuel production with a low sulfur content and better exploitation characteristics.
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36

Liu, Ya Chun, Hai Tao Wu, Li Tao Jia, Zai Hui Fu, Jian Gang Chen, De Bao Li, Du Lin Yin, and Yu Han Sun. "Effect of the Calcination Temperature on the Catalyst Performance of ZrO2-Supported Cobalt for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3788.

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The effect of the calcination temperature on the catalyst performance of ZrO2-supported cobalt for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is investigated. Results show that the size of the cobalt species particles of the ZrO2-supported cobalt catalysts increases and their reducibility is enhanced with increasing calcination temperature. In addition, the extent of CO linear absorption and bridge absorption peak increases and then decreases with increasing calcination temperature. The results from the Fishcer-Tropsch synthesis show that the CO conversion rate increases and then decreases as the calcination temperature is increased. Catalyst selectivity for C1monotonically decreases, whereas that for C5+increases. The changes in the CO conversion rate demonstrate a regularity consistent with the trend of the CO absorption peak extent. Meanwhile, the growth and enhanced reducibility of the cobalt species particles contribute to the generation of heavy hydrocarbons and explain the differences in product selectivity. Therefore, the appropriate calcination temperature facilitates an increase in the CO conversion rate of the ZrO2-supported cobalt catalysts and results in a better Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product selectivity.
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37

Schmal, Martin, and Hans-Joachim Freund. "Towards an atomic level understanding of niobia based catalysts and catalysis by combining the science of catalysis with surface science." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81, no. 2 (June 2009): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000200016.

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The science of catalysis and surface science have developed, independently, key information for understanding catalytic processes. One might argue: is there anything fundamental to be discovered through the interplay between catalysis and surface science? Real catalysts of monometallic and bimetallic Co/Nb2O5 and Pd-Co/Nb2O5 catalysts showed interesting selectivity results on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (Noronha et al. 1996, Rosenir et al. 1993). The presence of a noble metal increased the C+5 selectivity and decreased the methane formation depending of the reduction temperature. Model catalyst of Co-Pd supported on niobia and alumina were prepared and characterized at the atomic level, thus forming the basis for a comparison with "real" support materials. Growth, morphology and structure of both pure metal and alloy particles were studied. It is possible to support the strong metal support interaction suggested by studies on real catalysts via the investigation of model systems for niobia in comparison to alumina support in which this effect does not occur. Formation of Co2+ penetration into the niobia lattice was suggested on the basis of powder studies and can be fully supported on the basis of model studies. It is shown for both real catalysts and model systems that oxidation state of Co plays a key role in controlling the reactivity in Fischer-Tropsch reactions systems and that the addition of Pd is a determining factor for the stability of the catalyst. It is demonstrated that the interaction with unsaturated hydrocarbons depends strongly on the state of oxidation.
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38

Yaghoobpour, Elham, Yahya Zamani, Saeed Zarrinpashne, and Akbar Zamaniyan. "On efficiency of vanadium-oxide promoter in cobalt Fischer – Tropsch catalysts." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 1, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2021-1-2-15.

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Promoters and their loading amount have crucial roles in cobalt Fischer – Tropsch catalysts. In this regard, the effects of vanadium oxide (V2O5) as a proposed promoter for Co catalyst supported on TiO2 have been investigated. Three catalysts with 0, 1, and 3 wt.% of V2O5 promoter loading are prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method, and characterized by the BET surface area analyzer, XRD, H2-TPR, and TEM techniques. The fixed-bed reactor was employed for their evaluations. It was found that the catalyst containing 1 wt.% V2O5 has the best performance among the evaluated catalysts, demonstrating remarkable selectivity: 92 % C5+ and 5.7 % CH4, together with preserving the amount of CO conversion compared to the unpromoted catalyst. Furthermore, it is reported that the excess addition of V2O5 promoter (> 1 wt.%) in the introduced catalyst leads to the detrimental effect on the CO conversion and C5+ selectivity, mainly owing to diminished active sites by V2O5 loading.
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39

Wang, Tao Tao, Xian Yong Wei, Jian Jun Zhao, Xing Zhen Qi, and Zhi Min Zong. "Effect of Microwave on Iron Potassium Catalyst Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.795.

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Fe-K/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by microwave irradiation or by the steep and calcine conventional method. They were then tested by analyzing the products on-line with a gas chromatograph (GC 508) equipped with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and in-series of packed columns Porapak-Q. The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as N2 physisorption with the BET method. The result show that microwave radiation of the catalyst led to an increase in the surface area, mesopores pore volume, the catalyst proved to have more reaction activity than that prepared by conventional method.
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40

Seo, Jeong-Hwan, Ho-Jeong Chae, Tae-Wan Kim, Kwang-Eun Jeong, Chul-Ung Kim, Sang-Bong Lee, and Soon-Yong Jeong. "Influence of Binder on Fe-based Extrudate as Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 49, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2011.49.6.726.

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41

Kulikova, Mayya V., Albert B. Kulikov, Alexey E. Kuz’min, and Anton L. Maximov. "Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1114.

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AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.
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42

Bai, Feng Hua, Yin Xia Zhang, Hai Quan Su, Xue Fen Li, Hui Pan, and Xu Zhuang Yang. "Cobalt Carbonyl Cluster as Catalyst Precursor for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.684.

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The effect of precursors of Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared from Co(NO3)2 and (CO)6Co2CC(COOH)2 on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalytic performance were investigated. All catalysts were characterised by TGA, BET, pore size distribution analysis and TEM techniques. For Aluminium-supported catalyst, the use of cobalt carbonyl cluster as cobalt precursor resulted in a higher activity and C5+ selectivities compared with the reference catalyst prepared from nitrate at low reaction temperature. The activities can be correlated with the zero valent cobalt metal exist on the support. The chain growth attribute to well dispersed smaller metallic cobalt particles resulted from the partial removal of terminal carbonyls at 150°C.
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43

Shafer, Wilson, Muthu Gnanamani, Uschi Graham, Jia Yang, Cornelius Masuku, Gary Jacobs, and Burtron Davis. "Fischer–Tropsch: Product Selectivity–The Fingerprint of Synthetic Fuels." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030259.

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The bulk of the products that were synthesized from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a wide range (C1–C70+) of hydrocarbons, primarily straight-chained paraffins. Additional hydrocarbon products, which can also be a majority, are linear olefins, specifically: 1-olefin, trans-2-olefin, and cis-2-olefin. Minor hydrocarbon products can include isomerized hydrocarbons, predominantly methyl-branched paraffin, cyclic hydrocarbons mainly derived from high-temperature FTS and internal olefins. Combined, these products provide 80–95% of the total products (excluding CO2) generated from syngas. A vast number of different oxygenated species, such as aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alcohols, are also embedded in this product range. These materials can be used to probe the FTS mechanism or to produce alternative chemicals. The purpose of this article is to compare the product selectivity over several FTS catalysts. Discussions center on typical product selectivity of commonly used catalysts, as well as some uncommon formulations that display selectivity anomalies. Reaction tests were conducted while using an isothermal continuously stirred tank reactor. Carbon mole percentages of CO that are converted to specific materials for Co, Fe, and Ru catalysts vary, but they depend on support type (especially with cobalt and ruthenium) and promoters (especially with iron). All three active metals produced linear alcohols as the major oxygenated product. In addition, only iron produced significant selectivities to acids, aldehydes, and ketones. Iron catalysts consistently produced the most isomerized products of the catalysts that were tested. Not only does product selectivity provide a fingerprint of the catalyst formulation, but it also points to a viable proposed mechanistic route.
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44

Adeleke, Aliu A., Xinying Liu, Xiaojun Lu, Mahluli Moyo, and Diane Hildebrandt. "Cobalt hybrid catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 36, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2018-0012.

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AbstractCurrently, cobalt and zeolites are used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons (GRHs) that constitute clean and environmentally friendly fuels. This technology has earned a great deal of attention from researchers across the world, as it provides a substitute for fuel derived from fossil crudes, which have hitherto been the sole source of the petrol and diesel required by the industry. However, owing to the depletion of the earth’s oil and coal reserves and the unfavourable environmental impact of conventional fuel production, an alternative source of fuel is needed. This article provides a critical review of the technological challenges involved in producing middle isoparaffins and olefins (gasoline hydrocarbons) by FTS. These involve combining cobalt-based catalysts and zeolites to form hybrid catalysts. In this review, we address most of these by setting out each method of creating cobalt and zeolite hybrid catalysts in turn, so that researchers can identify which applications are most effective for producing GRHs.
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45

Beaumont, S. K. "Recent developments in the application of nanomaterials to understanding molecular level processes in cobalt catalysed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 11 (2014): 5034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp55030c.

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This perspective offers an overview of using nanomaterials for improving our understanding of the underlying mechanism of cobalt catalysed Fischer–Tropsch chemistry. This is considered in terms of enabling the rational development of improved (more selective, efficient, longer lived) catalysts.
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46

Gupta, Pavan Kumar, Abhishek Mahato, Goutam Kishore Gupta, Gajanan Sahu, and Sudip Maity. "Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Pd promoted cobalt based mesoporous supported catalyst." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021002.

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The present study focuses on the catalytic conversion of syngas (CO + H2) through Fischer–Tropsch (FT) route using two identically prepared 0.1 wt.% palladium promoted Mesoporous Alumina (MA) and SBA–15 supported Co (15 wt.%) catalysts. The Fischer–Tropsch activity is performed in a fixed bed tubular reactor at temperature 220 °C and pressure 30 bar with H2/CO ratio ~2 having Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV) of 500 h−1. Detail characterizations of the catalysts are carried out using different analytical techniques like N2 adsorption-desorption, Temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR), Temperature-programmed desorption with NH3 (NH3-TPD), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that the SBA–15 supported catalyst exhibits higher C6–C12 selectivity (57.5%), and MA supported catalyst facilitates the formation of higher hydrocarbons (C13–C20) having a selectivity of 46.7%. This study attributes the use of both the support materials for the production of liquid hydrocarbons through FT synthesis.
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47

Sharkov, Nikita, Zahra Gholami, Ivana Hradecká, Zdeněk Tišler, and Josef Šimek. "Product Yields Dependency on the Carbide Phase Presence in Cobalt and Iron SBA-15 Catalysts Structure in the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis." Processes 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2023): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051391.

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The use of carbide catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an active area of research, as carbide phases have been shown to improve the stability and performance of catalysts in this reaction. This study compared the catalytic activity and product selectivity of cobalt and iron catalysts supported on SBA-15, with and without a carbide phase and reduction treatment before the reaction. Results showed that the presence of the carbide phase had a noticeable influence on the catalytic behavior of the catalysts, and the reduction of the catalyst with hydrogen also affected the product selectivity. The presence of the carbide phase in non-reduced cobalt catalysts resulted in increased selectivity to liquid phase products, as evidenced by a CO conversion of 37% with 68% selectivity to the products in the liquid phase. The catalytic activity of the iron carbide catalyst for CO dissociation was found to be 38% after reducing the catalyst with hydrogen, leading to the formation of more active sites. The presence of metal carbides and formation of metallic cobalt and iron during the FT reaction and reduction step was found to have a significant effect on the catalytic performance and product selectivity. The findings of this research provide new insights into the role of carbide in the performance of cobalt and iron catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
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48

Liu, Yan, Litao Jia, Bo Hou, and Debao Li. "Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over alumina-supported cobalt catalysts: effects of different spray temperature of aluminum slurry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 5 (May 2016): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0499.

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Aluminum slurry was obtained by precipitating Al(NO3)3·9H2O and ammonium carbonate, and the slurry was dried by adopting spray means. The effects of different spray temperature on the as-synthesised aluminum precursors, calcined alumina, and the supported cobalt catalysts were investigated by the characterizations of SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, H2-TPD, H2-TPR, etc., and the activity and stability of the as-prepared catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were also studied. It indicated that the aluminum precursor spray dried at 250 °C exhibited homogeneous microspheres, the calcined alumina exhibited single-particle size distribution and monomodal pore distribution, and the corresponding supported cobalt catalyst possessed proper cobalt particles (6.4 nm), which was benefitial for acquiring a high conversion rate (the turnover frequency is 17.2 × 10−3/s) and excellent stability (the deactivation rate is 0.31%) for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
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49

Ducreux, O., B. Rebours, J. Lynch, M. Roy-Auberger, and D. Bazin. "Microstructure of Supported Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts." Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'IFP 64, no. 1 (October 28, 2008): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2008039.

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50

Calderone, V. Roberto, N. Raveendran Shiju, Daniel Curulla Ferré, and Gadi Rothenberg. "Bimetallic catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch reaction." Green Chemistry 13, no. 8 (2011): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00919a.

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