Journal articles on the topic 'Fiscal ability'
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BOUKHAROUBA, Keltoum. "CONTROL FISCAL (COMPARATIVE STUDY)." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.14.10.
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The fiscal administration possesses a number of powers, which is known as the fiscal authority, which gives it the ability to monitor the validity of written declarations, and taxes paid by taxpayers. In order to carry out control operations, the Algerian legislator developed a set of legal and regulatory texts, to control and suppress tax evasion and fraud, and to ensure a fair distribution of the tax burden among individuals according to their contributing ability. fiscal administration. Key words: The Fiscal Administration, The Fiscal Authority, Taxpayers, Tax Evasion and Fraud.
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Michel, Philippe, and Pierre Pestieau. "Fiscal Policy with Agents Differing in Altruism and Ability." Economica 72, no. 285 (February 2005): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2005.00404.x.
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Aboagye, Prince Young, and Ellen Hillbom. "Tax bargaining, fiscal contracts, and fiscal capacity in Ghana: A long-term perspective." African Affairs 119, no. 475 (March 16, 2020): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa004.
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Abstract Many Sub-Saharan African countries are unable to generate sufficient tax revenues for public purposes. While it is widely accepted that governments’ ability to tax is shaped by politics, the precise mechanisms through which this relationship takes place in practice remain elusive. Based on a historical analysis of four major tax reforms in Ghana from the 1850s to the late 1990s, this article captures the various ways in which taxpayers negotiate with the state in an attempt to limit the extent of taxation, especially in cases where state reciprocity falls short of what people expect. Our evidence suggests that, far from being a recent development, effective taxation in Ghana has long depended on the ability of the state to convince taxpayers that tax revenues will be used for the public benefit. A history of misappropriation of tax revenues, overt corruption, and profligacy diminished taxpayers’ support for governments’ tax efforts. More generally, the article points to the importance of understanding how tax bargaining works in practice and people’s perceptions of their governments over the long term to overcome resistance to tax reforms.
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Scott, Tyler A., Tima Moldogaziev, and Robert A. Greer. "Drink what you can pay for: Financing infrastructure in a fragmented water system." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 17, 2017): 2821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017729092.
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The article investigates the relationship between environmental violations and water utility infrastructure investment in the Houston metropolitan area through a lens of institutional fragmentation. Special purpose water districts are highly capital-intensive service jurisdictions, which makes them extremely dependent on local fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity is also important for a water district’s ability to respond to performance failures, particularly regulatory violations. Resource base, however, is unevenly distributed between special purpose water districts in the highly fragmented Houston metro area. Therefore, while capital investments may significantly covary with fiscal capacity, not all water districts are expected to be capable of making needed infrastructure investment when problems arise. There are two major policy-relevant findings that we offer in the article. Institutional fragmentation in relatively more affluent areas does not impede the ability to invest in capital infrastructure related to both service pressures and regulatory violations. However, such ability is limited in relatively less affluent areas, where the fiscal capacity to respond to service delivery problems is limited.
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Jimenez, Benedict S. "Power to the People? The Initiative Process and Fiscal Discipline in City Governments." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 5 (February 16, 2018): 1280–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418756534.
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Does giving citizens the power to decide budget policies improve fiscal discipline in the local public sector? This study examines the effects of local initiatives on city budgetary solvency or the ability of city governments to generate revenues to meet their service and financial obligations in a fiscal year. Budgetary imbalance in the public sector has been blamed on self-interested bureaucrats and elected officials who desire budgets that are higher than that preferred by the median voter. The initiative gives citizens the power to directly decide budget issues. Research shows that voters are more fiscally conservative than government officials, which suggests that fiscal discipline will improve if citizens exercise greater control over budgeting. Using data from audited financial reports for midsized and large cities from 2006 to 2012, the empirical analysis indicates that initiative cities have weaker budgetary solvency compared with noninitiative cities.
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Degtyareva, Irina, Svetlana Lartseva, and Olga Shalina. "Assessment of the fiscal effectiveness of property taxes on individuals in Russia." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 2(55) (June 30, 2022): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2022-2-55-170-177.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the fiscal efficiency of taxation of individuals with property taxes. The concept of fiscal efficiency is revealed, under which it is proposed to understand the ability of the tax to provide revenue to the budget (budget efficiency); the ability of the tax to stimulate economic growth; the fairness of the tax in relation to the tax base and subjects of taxation. Based on the statistical data of macroeconomic development, the collection of property taxes and the dynamics of the tax base, the fiscal efficiency of property taxes from individuals in Russia is calculated.
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Azizah, Nur, Hendra Kusuma, and Zainal Arifin. "Does Fiscal Decentralization Increase the Economic Growth in Sulawesi Island?" Economics Development Analysis Journal 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v11i1.49957.
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Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia has been carried out since the issuance of Law No. 22/1999 which requires the central government to hand over financial management authority to local governments. Fiscal decentralization can create efficiency and effectiveness to encourage economic growth. However, there are still problems, namely whether the delegation of authority can contribute to regional economic growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect or impact of fiscal decentralization on the economic growth of six provinces on the island of Sulawesi. The central government assists the regions through fund transfer schemes such as GAF, SAF, and RSF. This study uses data from six provinces on Sulawesi Island between 2005-2019 and looks at the amount of fiscal decentralization used, namely the ability of regional transfers to create economic growth (AII) and the ability of local revenues to contribute to economic growth (AIII). The results of the analysis show that the indicator of the ability of transfer funds to the formation of regional original income has a positive and significant relationship. This means that, judging from the ability of the regions to contribute to economic growth, they are still unable to increase economic growth without the help of the central government.
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L., J. F. "WHICH COUNTS MORE: ABILITY OR CLASS?" Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1103.
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There is plenty of evidence about social mobility in Britain. The best is the National Child Development Survey, which has analyzed all the children born in a single week in 1958 at various points in their lives. In "Two Nations? The Inheritance of Poverty and Affluence," the Institute for Fiscal Studies, an independent research group, analyzed this data. It found that by 1991, 34% of those in the highest income quintile had fathers who were also in the top income group; 11%, however, had fathers in the poorest quintile. In a society with full equality of opportunity, and ability distributed equally across the population, 20% of the richest quintile would have had fathers from the richest quintile, and 20% from the poorest. This suggests that opportunity is dispersed in Britain, but not fully equalized. But what if ability is not in fact distributed equally amongst the population? This question is explored, using the same data as the Institute for Fiscal Studies, in "Unequal but Fair?", a pamphlet by Peters Saunders, a sociologist at Sussex University, published last month by the Institute of Economic Affairs. He concludes that ability is greater at the top of the class/income pile than at the bottom, and that individual ability plays a crucial part in deciding where an individual will end up. Ability alone is well over twice as important as their class origins, three times more powerful than the degree of interest their parents showed in their schooling, and five times more powerful than their parents' level of education or the aspirations which their parents harbored for them while they were growing up.
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OBU, Osiebuni Collins, and Wilfred Isioma UKPERE. "The Implications of the Incursion of Cryptocurrency on the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy." Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54609/reaser.v23i1.214.
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Existing literature has examined a plethora of factors that can affect the effectiveness, performance or nature of fiscal policy in an economy. In this paper we build on the fundamental tenets of micro-economic models to examine the potential ways cryptocurrencies can affect the effectiveness of a country’s fiscal policy. Our finding is that under the assumptions of an absence of uncertainties, perfectly competitive markets, household utility maximization, and usage of public money and cryptocurrency, the government purchases as well as the ability of the government to raise funds by issuing bonds and by taxation is decreasing in new investments in cryptocurrencies but increasing in the income earned from cryptocurrencies. We go further to discuss the factors that account for the sustained ability of cryptocurrencies to weaken the state’s fiscal-policy capabilities and possible ways the effects of cryptocurrencies on the state’s fiscal integrity can be mitigated.
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Tomaš, Rajko. "Non-tax Burden Management as a Manner of Increasing Fiscal Competitiveness – The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.2.353-375(2021).
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In this paper, we analyze the new system of improving fiscal transparency in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and its ability to contribute to increasing fiscal competitiveness. BiH has a specific system of fiscal federalism and decentralization, with four fiscal jurisdictions of disproportionate jurisdiction. By introducing the fiscal register as a public document, fiscal jurisdictions seek to increase fiscal transparency, discourage the introduction of new non-tax levies, reduce existing non-tax levies and eliminate parafiscal levies. In this paper, we investigated whether the new legislation allow for the achievement of these goals. Using the method of qualitative analysis, we concluded that rigorous conditions for entering public tax in the fiscal register and the legal provision that there is no obligation to pay any public tax if it is not entered in the fiscal register are a realistic basis for increasing fiscal transparency. A higher level of fiscal transparency should strengthen the interest of businesses and citizens in the non-tax burden and increase pressure on the government to reduce it. In order for a higher level of fiscal transparency to have an impact on increasing fiscal competitiveness, reforms of government institutions and changes in the way public money is spent are necessary.
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Chugunov, Igor, and Mykola Pasichnyi. "Fiscal stimuli and consolidation in emerging market economies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(4).2018.09.
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The Great Recession has imposed vital limitations on the policy maker’s ability to react to further economic challenges. In this article, the authors set a purpose to assess the expediency and the size of fiscal consolidation or expansionary measures for countries with emerging markets depending on economic dynamics. The data on the episodes of large changes in fiscal policy, representing both fiscal stimuli and consolidation in Ukraine and in the EU countries with emerging market economies from 2001 to 2017, were evaluated. The authors examined the main reasons of fiscal policy’s volatility and its impact on economic growth. The countries with low and medium level of institutional framework for fiscal policy formulation could face permanent deficit and public debt problem. Episodes of expansionary fiscal adjustments based on government revenues cuts and spending increases were more effective compared with those that were entirely based on spending increases. Empirical investigation showed that successful fiscal consolidation measures obligatory included the government primary spending reduction. In those cases, the budget deficit-to-GDP and public debt-to-GDP ratios were declined. Medium-term priorities to develop the methodical bases of fiscal policy design were justified.
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Yin, Shaotong. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on GDP." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 1 (November 28, 2022): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v1i.2554.
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GDP is an important indicator of a country's economic development and an economic variable that countries are concerned about. High and stable growth of real GDP is the goal of governments. So governments achieve this goal by adopting a number of economic policies, such as the fiscal policy discussed in this paper. Fiscal policy is the sum of fiscal measures taken by a country to achieve its macro-control objectives. The good or bad fiscal policy of a country directly affects economic development, political stability, and the improvement of people's living standards. For example, the fiscal investment policy determines the rate of economic growth of a country: the fiscal taxation policy is an important guarantee for the state to exercise. The fiscal policy of taxation is an important guarantee of the state's ability to exercise macro-control and an important means to solve the problem of equity: the fiscal policy of price subsidies can protect the low-income class; the fiscal policy of transfer payments can provide assistance to poor areas.
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Rosmawati, Sri, M. Rachmad. R, and Zamzami Zamzami. "Analisis Kebutuhan dan Kapasitas Fiskal serta Hubungannya dengan Belanja Pegawai di Kabupaten Tebo." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 3, no. 1 (July 6, 2015): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v3i1.2637.
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The ability of fiscal capacity that does not support the fiscal needs allows the fiscal gap . General Allocation Grand which comes from the central government aims to address the fiscal gap . Based on the explanation Regulation No. 55 of 2005 on the balance funds , General Allocation Grand (DAU) aimed at inter- regional equalization capabilities through the application of a formula that takes into account the needs of personnel expenditure , fiscal needs and potential of the region . This study was conducted to determine the effect of Construction Cost Index , Relative Poverty Index and Human Development Index for Fiscal Needs . This study uses multiple regression analysis 2001-2011 . And to determine the relationship of DBH and Local Revenue Fiscal Capacity in Tebo regency, as well as to determine the relationship between Fiscal Capacity, Fiscal Needs and personnel expenditures performed by Pearson correlation test . The survey results revealed that the Construction Cost Index and relative poverty index negatively affect on Fiscal Needs . Human Development Index positive effect on Fiscal Needs in Tebo. Pearson correlation of test results are known DBH positively and significantly associated with a P value or Sig 0,000 and Locally Generated Revenue positive and significant with a P value Fiscal Capacity sig 0.033 or less than 0.05 . Fiscal Needs and Fiscal Capacity positively associated with personnel expenditures and significant with a P value or Sig 0.000 or less than 0.05.
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Bec, Frédérique, and Jean-Olivier Hairault. "Fiscal policies, public deficit restraints and European stabilization." Recherches économiques de Louvain 62, no. 3-4 (1996): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800044432.
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SummaryThe ability of fiscal policies to smooth macroeconomic fluctuations under the constraints imposed by the Maastricht Treaty is at the heart of the current policy debate in Europe. A two-country intertemporal stochastic general equilibrium model is used in order to evaluate the efficiency of fiscal policy. First, it reveals the importance of the nature of the shocks hitting European countries : asymmetrical shocks actually strengthen the national fluctuations. Then, constraints on public deficit imposed by the Maastricht Treaty limit the ability of national governements to stabilize their économies. Furthermore, they can lead the european countries to adopt pro-cyclical budget rules.
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Nagorichna, O., and S. Kapitanets. "Leadership potential of the manager of the management team of the state fiscal service." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.29.
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The problem of improving the administrative component of the fiscal service in the context of its reform is raised in the article. It is pointed out the importance and necessity of forming a team of officials capable of ensuring the productivity, feasibility and effectiveness of implementing quality solutions for solving tax and customs problems. It has been determined that the effectiveness of a management team is determined by the ability of the manager to exercise his or her authority, that is, the ability to use the existing leader's potential, as well as the desire and ability to develop it.
The types of organizations and stages of management team development are shown. The key leadership qualities and features of the manager of the management team are determined; the importance of developing the leadership potential of the head of the fiscal service in the context of institutional changes has been proved.
The authors of the study found that the work performed by a management team professionally managed by a charismatic leader could give the necessary effect and ensure the subsequent transition of the fiscal service to a new level of organizational development in the status of separate full tax and fiscal services.
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Li, Jeffrey. "Federal and Subnational Fiscal Power in Canada and the US." Federalism-E 22, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v22i1.14685.
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This paper examines the fiscal balance of power between national and subnational governments in Canada and the US. While it is generally acknowledged that Canadian provinces are more autonomous than American states in terms of own-source revenues and the conditionality of transfers, I argue that political dynamics within and between the two levels of government significantly impact the ability of federal governments to exercise their fiscal power on the subnational units. Even though Canada has more decentralized fiscal arrangements, the independence of its federal government and the interdependence of American federal-state relations results in a greater degree of federal fiscal power in Canada.
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Saas, William O. "The Econo-Rhetorical Presidency and the U.S. Fiscal Situation." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 21, no. 2 (May 2018): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.21.2.0131.
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ABSTRACT This essay expands James Aune’s theory of the econo-rhetorical presidency to analyze how presidents define the U.S. fiscal situation. By “fiscal situation,” I refer to any rhetorical representation of the federal government’s ability to create and spend money, levy and collect taxes, and issue debt. Through historical analysis of the “balanced budget” topos in presidential discourse, I find that Presidents Carter through Obama tended to define the U.S. fiscal situation in austere terms, with balanced budgets figured as deontological goods unto themselves. I conclude by advocating for increased critical engagement with economic theory, generally, and theories of the U.S. fiscal situation, specifically.
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Hallerberg, Mark. "Veto Players and the Choice of Monetary Institutions." International Organization 56, no. 4 (2002): 775–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802760403775.
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I argue that two types of veto players matter in the choice of monetary institutions: party veto players and subnational governments, which are strong in federal systems but weak in unitary systems. A crucial issue is whether voters can readily identify the manipulation of the economy with party players. A second issue concerns the national party veto player's ability to control either fiscal or monetary policy. In one-party unitary governments identification and control are clear; parties where such governments are common prefer flexible exchange rates and dependent central banks. In multiparty coalition governments in unitary systems, identification is traditionally difficult, and the ability to target benefits to specific constituencies under fiscal policy makes fiscal policy autonomy more attractive for coalition governments. Such governments prefer central banks that are politically independent but that finance government debt. Under federalism, parties that constitute the central government have less control over fiscal policy and they prefer flexible exchange rates. Subnational governments do not support a dependent central bank that gives more power to the central government.
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Turnbull, Geoffrey K. "Government Form and Performance: Fiscal Illusion and Administrative Ability in U.S. Counties." Southern Economic Journal 73, no. 3 (January 2007): 754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2007.tb00800.x.
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Giertz, Seth H., and Mehmet S. Tosun. "Migration Elasticities, Fiscal Federalism, and the Ability of States to Redistribute Income." National Tax Journal 65, no. 4 (December 2012): 1069–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2012.4.17.
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Wa Ode Sarlina, Ishak, and Liman. "Analisis Derajat Desentralisasi Fiskal di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2016-2020." MAMEN: Jurnal Manajemen 1, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/mamen.v1i3.685.
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One form of the implementation of regional autonomy is the existence of autonomy in the aspect of regional financial management which is called fiscal autonomy. Fiscal autonomy is the delegation of responsibilities and the distribution of power and authority for decision-making in the fiscal sector, which includes both revenue and expenditure aspects. Fiscal decentralization is linked to the duties and functions of local goverment in providing public goods and services. This study aims to analyze the degree of fiscal decentralization in Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2016-2020.The degree of fiscal decentralization is a measure of the ability of local goverment in order to increase Local Own Revenue which is used to finance development in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This is study uses secondary data. The analytical tool used in this study is quantitative analysis, namely the analysis of the degree of fiscal decentralization, namely the ratio between Regional Original Income and Total Revenue Regional. The results showed that the degree of fiscal decentralization of Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2016-2020 fluctuated with an average 0f 25,25% so it could be said that it was still in the moderate category.
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Lamba, Arung, Paulus K. Allo, and Ramasoyan Arung Lamba. "Effect of fiscal decentralization policy of regional economic imbalances towards economy growth in Eastern Indonesia." International journal of social sciences and humanities 3, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n2.298.
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The current research aimed at analyzing and knowing (1) the influence of fiscal decentralization policy towards economic growth in eastern Indonesia and (2) the influence of fiscal decentralization policy towards regional imbalances decline in eastern Indonesia. In order to reach the aims, panel data was analyzed. It was analyzed by accommodating information that related to cross-section variables and time series. The panel data, substantially, is expected to be able to decrease the problems of omitted-variables. Furthermore, regression effect analysis was applied for estimating the econometric model. The results of the current research have shown that: (1) fiscal decentralization policy influences growth of the regional economy, and (2) the relationship of fiscal decentralization policy with regional imbalance has confirmed that the decentralization fiscal has not got any ability to reduce the imbalances economy of eastern Indonesia.
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Sherani, Sakib. "Pakistan’s Macroeconomic Situation." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 13, Special Edition (September 1, 2008): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2008.v13.isp.a2.
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As a result of policy inaction in addressing structural issues over a protracted period and a wrong set of economic priorities followed over the past several years, Pakistan’s economy faces a grave set of challenges. Among the many issues, which range from high inflation to power deficits and water stress, the most immediate and pressing is the need to restore fiscal order. While pressure on the coalition government to reduce the economic hardship of the electorate is understandably intense, the policy response needs to balance the alleviation of palpable hardship in the short term, with the ability to provide sustained benefits over the longer term. Given the sharp constriction in available fiscal space, adopting a policy course in the short run that raises expectations of “relief” may not be wise, in either political or economic terms. In the longer term, however, it is a misconception to view the available choices in purely binary terms, i.e. that “macroeconomic stability” (a much-maligned term, loath to politicians not just in Pakistan) is mutually exclusive to “pro-poor” agendas. Raising revenues by broadening the tax base meaningfully, in conjunction with rationalizing bloated government/public sector expenditures can free fiscal resources, which can be diverted to targeted subsidy programs. Ignoring macroeconomic stability, on the other hand, will eventually also undermine the ability of the government to influence economic growth, as growing fiscal and monetary constraints limit its ability to run appropriate policies.
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Shobande, Olatunji Abdul, and Oladimeji Tomiwa Shodipe. "New Keynesian Liquidity Trap and Conventional Fiscal Stance: An Estimated DSGE Model." Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2019-0011.
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Abstract The study investigates the effect of New Keynesian liquidity trap on fiscal stance in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan economies. We developed our DSGE model in the context of an optimal and persistent interactive fiscal policy, which allows us to track the transmission channel through which shocks are distributed among real economic variables. The evidence suggests that zero lower bound mitigates the ability of monetary policy to absorb the effect of exogenous shock on the macroeconomic variables while expansionary fiscal policy was able to absorb the shock persistence transmitted from the nominal interest rate.
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Thies, Cameron G. "State fiscal capacity and state failure." European Political Science Review 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175577391400037x.
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This paper develops a predatory theory approach to understanding state failure. Predatory theory expects that state revenue extraction is central to the ability of states to engage in any other activities. States that are able to maximize their revenue extraction subject to well-known constraints are therefore likely to avoid state failure. On the other hand, when state failure occurs, it should reduce state revenue extraction. These hypotheses receive mixed support in several two-stage least-squares time-series analyses that control for the endogenous relationship between state fiscal capacity and state failure. While state failure reduces state fiscal capacity, state fiscal capacity does not deter state failure onset or incidence. In the sub-Saharan African subsample, state fiscal capacity does reduce the incidence of state failure despite a reciprocal negative effect.
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Onyango-Delewa, Paul, and Isaac Nabeta Nkote. "Digital financial inclusion and fiscal solvency in Uganda’s local governments: A review of regulation mediation." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 6 (February 1, 2021): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v8i6.8861.
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Fiscal solvency has become a popular phenomenon in numerous decentralizing countries in recent years. The ability to mobilize adequate revenue to fund expenditure in a given budget period, and provide public goods and services, makes fiscal solvency very pertinent, especially in local government. However, policy, practice, and research, claim that most local entities, both in the developed and developing world, rarely achieve required fiscal solvency standards. While no clear explanation of the problem abounds, digital financial inclusion dominates the ongoing debate. Besides, regulation is also considered a very crucial factor for fiscal solvency. This study examines the probable mediation effect regulation has on the digital financial inclusion-fiscal solvency relationship in local governments in Uganda, East Africa. Based on a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 21 districts, nine municipalities, and many sub-counties in the country’s post-conflict northern regions. The data were then subjected to structural equation modeling analysis. Its findings reveal that digital financial inclusion explains changes in fiscal solvency in surveyed local governments. Moreover, regulation has an indirect influence on the digital financial inclusion-fiscal solvency formation. Findings implications to practice and theory are discussed, and future research direction is provided
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Pylypiv, V., V. Ventsel, and N. Ventsel. "FISCAL SPACE FOR EMERGENCIES IN MUNICIPALITIES." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 5, no. 40 (November 8, 2021): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v5i40.245162.
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Abstract. Emergencies that have become an integral part of the lives of different municipalities and the threat of their negative consequences requires an adequate response from local governments. The article outlines the main causes of such situations and substantiates the need to address them by joining efforts both at the national level and at the level of local self-government. The concept of fiscal space is considered by the authors as the presence of a certain budget reserve to achieve the desired goals without violating financial stability. In the context of emergencies, this is a fiscal space to fund certain goals, which can sometimes be actualized in a very short time (as happened with the situation in health care in 2020). The possibility of targeting the fiscal space in the field of health care, social protection, overcoming the effects of natural disasters, combating poverty, achieving the goals of sustainable development, etc. is noted. The article presents the results of a study of the impact of emergencies (eg, the COVID-19 pandemic) on the ability of local authorities to respond to their consequences. The authors analyzed budget expenditures to combat COVID-19 and assessed changes in the financial capacity of municipalities and funding priorities, including funding for pandemic control at the national and subnational levels, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on municipal finances in terms of compliance with the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the impact on funding priorities at the local level and municipality development strategies, the ability of local governments to respond to emergencies and highlighted some already tested effective practices. The article examines the methods of forming fiscal space, which were used to overcome the consequences of emergencies: reprioritization of expenditures, improving the efficiency of available resources, revenues to local budgets, which are additionally obtained due to understatement of initial revenue plans, reserve fund. Key words: fiscal space, emergencies, municipal finances, municipalities. JEL Classification r51 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.
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Jurlina Alibegović, Dubravka, Sabina Hodžić, and Emira Bečić. "Limited Fiscal Autonomy of Croatian Large Cities." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.4335/16.1.107-128(2018).
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By using the OECD classification system, this paper explores to what level Croatian large cities control their tax revenues and specifies the ability of these authorities to introduce taxes and independently generate revenue. The index of fiscal control of Croatian large cities has been calculated and compared with that index of all remaining local government units. The results of our analysis show that in 2015 25 large cities had a slightly higher level of fiscal autonomy when compared with all remaining 531 local government units in Croatia.
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Gadelha, Aline, and José Angelo Divino. "Institutions and Cyclicality of the Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Brazil." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n4p25.
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This paper investigates the relationship between the quality of institutions and the cyclical properties of macroeconomic policies in the Brazilian economy in the recent period. We extend the monetary and fiscal policy rules proposed by Taylor (2000) to incorporate a proxy for institutional quality. In the empirical analysis, we estimate reaction functions for monetary and fiscal policies by the Markov-Switching method. This methodology allows us to analyze how changes in the quality of institutions might influence the guidance of the fiscal and monetary policies over the sample period. The major results maintain that both monetary and fiscal policies are significantly countercyclical in periods that exhibit higher levels of institutional quality and are pro-cyclical or acyclical in periods which exhibit lower levels of institutional quality. Thus, the quality of institutions plays a key role in the government's ability to implement countercyclical monetary and fiscal policies to stabilize the Brazilian economy over the business cycle.
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McMahon, Michael. "“Sound Finances”: Strategy or Soundbite." National Institute Economic Review 241 (August 2017): R13—R32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011724100111.
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A defining feature of (at least) the last three general elections has been the emphasis placed on each political party's fiscal credibility and their ability to deliver “sound public finances”. Applying the logic of household book-keeping, balancing the fiscal budget is said to capture such soundness. There is, however, little evidence that a balanced budget is necessarily sound. Instead, the evolution of public finances depends on (1) both the fiscal choices made on the level of spending and taxation, (2) the underlying growth of the economy which depends on far more than the fiscal decisions, and (3) interest rates on government debt and the financing needs of the government. As the economic situation changes, so too does the likely path of debt to GDP and hence the possible fiscal options open to a country. Sticking to the soundbite of “sound finances” has often distracted from the underlying menu of political choices and as such is a disruptive narrative in UK economics today.
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Agoba, Abel Mawuko, Joshua Yindenaba Abor, Kofi Osei, Jarjisu Sa-Aadu, Benjamin Amoah, and Gloria Clarissa Odortor Dzeha. "Central bank independence, elections and fiscal policy in Africa." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 5 (December 2, 2019): 809–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2018-0423.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to primarily investigate the ability of independent central banks (central bank independence (CBI)) to improve fiscal performances in Africa, accounting for election years, and also to examine whether the effectiveness of CBI in improving fiscal performance is enhanced by higher political institutional quality. Design/methodology/approach Using recent CBI data from Garriga (2016) on 48 African countries, 90 other developing countries and 40 developed countries over the period 1970–2012, the authors apply a two stage system GMM with Windmeijer (2005) small sample robust correction estimator to examine the impact of CBI and elections on fiscal policy in Africa, other developing countries and developed countries. Findings The authors provide evidence that unlike in other developing countries and developed countries, CBI does not significantly improve fiscal performance in Africa. However, the effectiveness of CBI in improving fiscal performance in Africa is enhanced by higher levels of institutional quality. Although elections directly worsen fiscal performance in Africa, institutional quality enhances CBI’s effect on improving fiscal performance in election years across Africa, other developing countries and developed countries. Practical implications The findings of the study are significant as they provide insight into the benefits of having strong institutions to complement independent central banks in order to control fiscal indiscipline in election years. Originality/value The study is the first among the studies of CBI-fiscal policy nexus, to measure fiscal policy using net central bank claims on government as a percentage of GDP. In addition to the use of fiscal balance, this study also uses cyclically adjusted fiscal balance as a measure of fiscal policy. This is a critical channel through which independent central banks can constrain government spending. It also compares findings in Africa to other developing countries, noting some differences.
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Khan, Hayat. "PRIVATE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS AND THEIR ABILITY TO OFFSET THE FISCAL BURDEN OF AGEING." Pacific Economic Review 15, no. 1 (February 2010): 116–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00493.x.
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Henry, Mark S., David L. Barkley, and Haizhen Li. "Fiscal Trends: Implications for the Rural South." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 35, no. 2 (August 2003): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800021210.
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Key demographic trends in the rural South over the next decade—the aging of the population as baby boomers enter retirement, continued migration to the South, and rapid increases in shares of Hispanic residents—may have profound consequences for the financing of rural community public services. In this paper, we provide an overview of demographic and economic trends that are expected to influence the ability of rural communities to provide essential public services. In addition, we provide econometric evidence on the impacts that these trends are likely to have on the financing of K-12 education in South Carolina.
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Gülşen, Mustafa Alpin. "The Effect of Fiscal Policies on Business Cycles in Turkey." Journal of Tax Reform 8, no. 3 (2022): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2022.8.3.118.
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Fiscal policies are designed to balance cyclical fluctuations. Fiscal policies in developed countries are mostly countercyclical. However, fiscal policies alone cannot explain the cyclical effect of fiscal policies implemented in developing countries. This is due to weak institutional structures, political restrictions, and populist practices. The study examined the effect of fiscal policies on business cycles in Turkey between 1975–2020 using the ARDL model and annual data. According to the findings, public expenditures, investment expenditures, tax revenues, direct tax revenues, and budget balance increase the output gap. On the other hand, trade openness, government transfer payments, and indirect tax revenues reduce the output gap. Based on the empirical findings, the following comments can be made: (a) fiscal policy can be considered cyclical in this period; (b) cyclical fluctuations are reduced in open economies; (c) budget balance increases cyclical fluctuations (non-Keynesian effect). A possible reason for this is that the budget revenues mainly consist of indirect tax revenues (70% in Turkey). The significance of the results obtained in the study are as follows: (1) analyzes the impact of fiscal policies implemented by a developing economy on stability using a current and long time series; (2) provides an insight into the institutional quality and response of implemented fiscal policies through short- and long-term analysis; (3) analyzes the effect of Turkey’s ability to implement fiscal policies, which prefers the global markets integration model, and the tax technique it creates, on the economy.
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Nooruddin, Irfan, and Pradeep Chhibber. "Unstable Politics." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 8 (February 13, 2008): 1069–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007309202.
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What explains variations in electoral volatility? The authors argue that fiscal space—availability of financial resources to enact policy initiatives and provide public programs—possessed by governments can explain the level of electoral volatility. Where governments have fiscal space, citizens reward incumbent parties with their continued support. But when fiscal space is constrained, the incumbent government's ability to provide state resources is drastically reduced. Citizens are therefore less likely to reward the party at the polls and are available to opposition politicians and alternative appeals. Vote-switching ensues, and the incumbent government is voted out of the office. The authors test this argument and others in the existing literature on electoral returns from state assembly elections across 15 major Indian states from 1967 to 2004. The results support the argument that fiscal space influences electoral volatility.
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MARLISSA, Elsyan Rienette, and Jhon Urasti BLESIA. "Fiscal dependence in a special autonomy region: evidence from a local government in eastern Indonesia." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v7i1.574.
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This research aims to analyse the degree of fiscal dependence of local government upon the central government in the regency of Mimika, one of Indonesia’s eastern regencies. The ratio of fiscal decentralization is used to calculate the local government’s ability to increase its regional revenue in order to support development initiatives in all sectors (Malmudi, 2010). Secondary data of locally-generated revenue and total revenue from the period 2010-2015 are used to measure the degree of fiscal decentralization. The results show that the degree of fiscal decentralization in the regency remained at a low level, reflected from the average value of 12.92 percent with the highest degree, of 25.09 percent in 2012. An analysis of fiscal decentralization in the period 2010 – 2015, indicates that the regency lacked sufficient fiscal capacity, showing heavy dependence upon financing from the central government. The local government is expected to develop the region’s potentiality through creative efforts within their governmental apparatus to increase local revenues. The funds from the central government could provide a positive contribution if used in the consumption of goods and services that potentially support economic activities.
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Utomo, Priyo, Anton Budi Satria, Novi Sri Sandyawati, Noor Farid, and Farasandya Amalia Hapsari. "HUMP-SHAPED RELATION IMPLEMENTATION IN EAST JAVA." DIA Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik 18, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v18i1.3485.
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This study aims to analyze the hump-shaped relation of regions in East Java Province. The proof of hump-shaped relation is seen from the influence of the degree of fiscal decentralization on economic growth. Fiscal decentralization analysis which is the ratio of regional original income and total regional expenditure, as well as using control variables consisting of government investment, and education which is implemented with reading and writing ability figures. The method used in this research is the econometrics approach. The model used in this study is the Fixed Effect Model with the Generalized Least Square method. The results of this study indicate that together the degree of decentralization, the degree of quadratic fiscal decentralization, government investment, the Gini ratio, the Gini squared ratio, and education significantly influence the regional economic growth in East Java Province. Partially the degree of decentralization, the degree of decentralized fiscal squared, government investment, the Gini ratio, the quadratic Gini ratio, and education also significantly affect economic growth, and show a hump-shape relationship, namely the degree of fiscal decentralization has a positive effect and quadratic fiscal decentralization hurts economic growth.
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Iannella, Mario. "U.S. States’ fiscal constraints and effects on budget policies." Perspectives on Federalism 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 81–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2016-0005.
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Abstract The article looks at fiscal constraints adopted by the U.S. States. It questions the ability of those rules to determine sound budgetary policies. To assess this point it analyses, in the general part, the major kind of constraints so far adopted. Of each major category the focus is upon institutional weaknesses that create the room for the adoption of circumventing practices. The following section focuses instead on three case studies, to show examples of the way in which the constraints influenced policy-making without mining the ability of government to adopt unbalanced budgetary policies. The weaknesses are combined with the adoption of a deferential approach by the Courts that generally legitimized the accounting devices adopted by the States. The outcome is a system in which budget policies are influenced by several factors that go beyond the institutional framework. On the other side, legal boundaries create distortions and unwanted effects in policies implemented by the States.
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Kaske, Elisabeth. "Austerity in times of war: government finance in early nineteenth-century China." Financial History Review 25, no. 1 (April 2018): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565017000300.
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Qing China represents a counterfactual to the early modern European history of fiscal expansion in the wake of warfare. In response to the staggering costs of suppressing the White Lotus Rebellion (1796–1804), the Jiaqing Emperor sought to solve the empire's fiscal problems by tightening bureaucratic control over an overstretched system of treasury finance. However, Jiaqing's policy of austerity and retrenchment was not simply an expedient in times of fiscal strain, but deeply rooted in ideological struggles over taxation that began in the eighteenth century. It was an expression of hardline fiscal conservatism, which held fixed revenue quotas sacrosanct and which I call quota-ism. This policy had dire consequences for the ability of the Qing regime to respond to external shocks and to fulfill its sovereign tasks – war, river conservancy and famine relief. It contributed to the bankruptcy of Qing government finance by the time of the Opium War.
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Ana, Lozano-Vivas, and Braendle Udo. "Editorial: Challenges and opportunities in corporate governance and regulation for a new decade." Journal of Governance and Regulation 9, no. 1 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv9i1_editorial.
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The first issue of 2020 is composed by five papers addressing interesting topics attempting to highlight the corporate governance ability needed to face the rapid increase of using artificial intelligence (AI) in some business; the influence of corporate governance on Asian firm performance; the joint effect of fiscal rule and corporate governance on explaining the procyclicality of fiscal policy on Asia-Pacific development and emerging countries; and whether the increase in institutional investors has encouraged investee companies to establish better corporate governance structure.
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Akindele, S. T., O. R. Olaopa, and A. Sat Obiyan. "Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Finance in Nigeria: An Examination of Revenue Rights and Fiscal Jurisdiction." International Review of Administrative Sciences 68, no. 4 (December 2002): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852302684004.
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The most severe problem facing public institutions in Nigeria is the fiscal one, particularly in local government. This problem has been provoked by a number of factors, including ‘over dependence’ on statutory allocations from both the state and federal governments, deliberate tax evasion by the local citizenry, creation of nonviable local government areas, differences in the status of local governments in terms of the rural–urban dimension, and inadequate revenue and restricted fiscal jurisdiction. This article examines these factors and their attendant problems, implications and effects within the context of the fiscal federalism established by the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. For financially healthy local governments to exist, responsibilities and functions must be allocated in accordance with their taxing power and ability to generate funds internally. The constitutional provision that recognizes local governments’ power in this regard must give them full freedom to operate and this must be well guaranteed and adequately protected. These measures, coupled with a review of the revenue-sharing formula, the granting of fiscal autonomy and fiscal discipline as well as making local government responsive, responsible and accountable to the people will set local governments free from the fiscal stress promoted and strengthened by the 1999 constitution.
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Moździerz, Anna. "Strengthening the post-crisis fiscal rules – the case of Spain, Slovakia and Sweden." Equilibrium 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.012.
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The purpose of this article is to identify changes in the development of national fiscal rules in response to the crisis, in terms of the new economic governance in the EU. In-depth analysis was carried out on the example of the three countries that have the highest Fiscal Rule Strength Index, i.e. Spain, Slovakia and Sweden. The conclusions of the study were the basis for the formulation of recommendations for Poland. The research focuses on the new rules as well as the rules modified between 2007 and 2012. The key elements of creating fiscal rules and criteria used for their evaluation were recognized. The research shows that the strength of fiscal rules is determined by their legitimacy, the type of institutions monitoring them, the adjustment mechanism and sanctions, as well as the scope of the public sector, which the rule was imposed on. Short duration of most of the rules limits the ability to evaluate their effectiveness. However, the analysis of changes in the finance sector and local government in terms of new institutional arrangements allowed to conclude that the strong fiscal rules index is not a guarantee of maintaining public finance discipline, and the example of this was the varied fiscal position of the countries surveyed.
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Badu, Yaw Agyeman, and Sheng Yung Li. "Fiscal Stress in Local Government: A Case Study of the Tri-Cities in the Commonwealth of Virginia." Review of Black Political Economy 22, no. 3 (March 1994): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689969.
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Ability to raise sufficient revenue to satisfy expenditure needs is the most important concern in local government financing. Local governments under fiscal stress often need to dig deep into their tax base to generate enough financing because of inflexible revenue resources. This paper examines the factors that determine the level of tax effort, particularly the influences of fiscal stress on the tax effort of three adjacent small cities in Virginia. An ordinary least squared model was formulated for this purpose. Our findings indicate that, together with fiscal stress, retail sales, state aid, the joint effect of unemployment and welfare expenditures are important factors in predicting the tax effort. The difference in response among the cities in question is also established as a result of the analysis.
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KHOMIAK, Myroslav. "ESTIMATION OF FISCAL SPACE OF LOCAL BUDGETS IN THE CONTEXT OF UKRAINIAN REGIONS DEVELOPMENT." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(50) (2017): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.01.069.
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Introduction. Fiscal decentralization, which is now actively being implemented in Ukraine, provides for increasing the level of fiscal autonomy of local budgets. In this context, it is necessary to assess the real possibilities of local governments to form a fiscal space, which should be understood as the ability to generate income and to implement rational expenditure in order to achieve regional development goals. Purpose. The goal of the article is a quantitative assessment of the fiscal space of local budgets to identify promising areas of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine. Methods. The theoretical basis of the article consists of foreign and domestic academic literature. As a methodological basis are used panel regressions for estimating the tax potential of regions and methods of structural analysis and comparisons - for investigation of trends in local budgets. Results. Formation of the fiscal space of local budgets in the article interpreted as a combination of realization of tax potential and restructuring of expenditures of local budgets. By using panel regressions are identified the regions with the highest tax potential. Based on studying the structure of local budget expenditures revealed that by highest fiscal space are characterized areas where industry is less developed and which are considered less economically successful. Conclusions. The study revealed that regions with low fiscal space and tax potential are forced to generate debt for solving their own financial and economic problems, while regions with high tax potential and greater fiscal space receive significant amounts of intergovernmental transfers and do not form a municipal debt. Despite this, was justified the necessity of the transition to a redistribution of financial resources on the goal-basis principle.
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Ghaus-Pasha, Aisha, Hafiz A. Pasha, and Asma Zubair. "Fiscal Equalisation Among Provinces in the NFC Awards." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.563-576.
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Fiscal equalisation refers to attempts within a federal system of government to reduce fiscal disparities among jurisdictions, which emerge due to variation in sub-national jurisdictions ability to raise revenues to meet the public expenditure needs of their residents. This is because of an imbalance in the assignment of revenue sources to sub-national levels and their expenditure needs, given the allocation of the inter-governmental fiscal powers and responsibilities. In the Pakistani context, the need for transfers is highlighted by the fact that while provincial governments generate only about 8 percent of total national resources, their share in total public spending is 28 percent. Also the fiscal capacity of the four provinces varies, with the relatively more developed provinces being able to self-generate a higher proportion of their resource requirements. As such, transfers take place, according to the provisions of the National Finance Commission (NFC) awards, with the objective of removing both vertical and horizontal imbalances between own-revenues and expenditure.
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Lhutfi, Iqbal, Hamzah Ritchi, and Ivan Yudianto. "Bagaimana Pemerintah daerah merespon Fiscal Stress?" Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini 10, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v10i2.840.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>ABSTRACT</span></p><p><span>This study aims to find out and analyze how the response of the regency/municipality to the occurrence of fiscal stress, which is the inability of local governments to generate sufficient income in the current period to meet their expenditure. This study used descriptive qualitative approach to explore primary data information.. This study used Yogyakarta municipality and Surakarta municipality as research sample, the author conducted interviews with related parties for data collection. The results of this study found that the character of local government entities is an important factor in how the region responds to fiscal stress. Regional Original Income has significant influence on fiscal stress, high or low Regional Original Income will affect the confidence of the region in allocating the budget that will be used for public services. The higher the ability of a region in optimizing local revenue, the smaller the impact of fiscal stress on the area, and vice versa. Another response from local governments to fiscal stress is to allocate appropriate Capital Expenditures in accordance with priorities, so that regional potential will increase and attract investors, so that it will grow the economy of the region, and in the end it is expected to increase regional income in the future. In addition to avoiding fiscal stress, the regional government allocates capital expenditures from Special Allocation Funds (DAK), so that these funds if its increase or decrease have little effect on the fiscal stress, because the capital expenditure funding comes from central government transfer funds.</span></p><p><span>Keywords : </span><span>Fiscal Stress, Response, Yogyakarta, Surakarta</span><span>ABSTRAK</span></p><p><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana respon pemerintah kabupaten/kota terhadap terjadinya fiscal stress yang merupakan ketidakmampuan pemerintah daerah untuk menghasilkan pendapatan yang cukup dalam jangka waktu saat ini untuk memenuhi pengeluarannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mencoba menggali informasi data primer ke narasumber. Penelitian ini menggunakan kota yogyakarta dan kota surakarta sebagai sampel penelitian, dan penulis melakukan wawancana ke pihak terkait untuk pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa karakter entitas pemerintah daerah adalah faktor penting bagaimana daerah tersebut merespon terjadinya fiscal stress. Pendapatan Asli Daerah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap fiscal stress, tinggi atau rendahnya Pendapatan Asli Daerah akan mempengaruhi kepercayaan diri daerah tersebut dalam mengalokasikan anggaran belanja yang akan digunakan untuk pelayanan publik. Semakin tinggi kemampuan suatu daerah dalam mengoptimalkan pendapatan asli daerah, semakin kecil pula dampak fiscal stress pada daerah tersebut, begitu sebaliknya. Respons lain dari pemerintah daerah terhadap fiskal stress adalah dengan mengalokasikan Belanja Modal yang sesuai sesuai dengan prioritas, sehingga potensi daerah akan meningkat dan menarik investor, sehingga pada akhirnya akan menumbuhkan perekonomian daerah tersebut, dan pada akhirnya diharapkan akan meningkatkan pendapatan daerah di masa yang akan datang. Selain itu untuk menghindari fiscal stress pemerintah daerah mengalokasikan belanja modal berasal dari Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK), sehingga dana ini apabila mengalami kenaikan atau penurunan tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap tingkat fiscal stress daerah tersebut, karena pembiayaan belanja modal tersebut berasal dari dana transfer pemerintah pusat.</span></p><p><span>Kata kunci : </span><span>Fiscal Stress, Respon, Yogyakarta, Surakarta</span></p></div></div></div>
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Park, Sungho, and Craig S. Maher. "Government Financial Management and the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Comparative Look at South Korea and the United States." American Review of Public Administration 50, no. 6-7 (July 15, 2020): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020941720.
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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory illness afflicting people to a degree not seen since the flu pandemic of 1968 when approximately one million lives were lost worldwide. What makes COVID-19 distinct is the rate at which it spread throughout the world, stress-testing health care systems and stymieing global economies. To confront this unprecedented crisis, nearly every country has been developing a wide range of policy responses, including fiscal measures. This study aims to discuss government fiscal responses to the pandemic from a financial management perspective. The core question is, “How does each country’s financial management system support its fiscal responses to the crisis?” We are particularly interested in reexamining commonly accepted norms about fiscal federalism and the fiscal condition of national and local governments heading into this pandemic. This study takes a comparative approach to the question, focusing on South Korea and the United States. Our findings suggest that the ability to respond to this pandemic in a comprehensive and effective manner is challenged by each nation’s financial management system that generates variation in policy coordination and responsiveness.
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Helmy, Herlina, Charoline Cheisviyanny, Sany Dwita, Vanica Serly, and Nayang Helmayunita. "Analisis Pemahaman Guru-Guru SMK Jurusan Akuntansi tentang Materi Rekonsiliasi Fiskal dan Pengisian e-SPT Tahunan Sesuai Materi UKK: Studi Deskriptif Guru-Guru MGMP Akuntansi di Kabupaten Agam dan Kota Bukittinggi." Wahana Riset Akuntansi 6, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/wra.v6i2.102517.
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The Academic Year 2016/2017 was the first year of fiscal reconciliation and filling an Annual Tax Returns as the material of Competency and Skills Exam of Vocational School students. Students are required to understand and can calculate the amount of tax payable and filling in annual tax returns, then they can work on the questions properly and correctly. This student's ability is inseparable from the teacher's ability to understand the material. Therefore, the teachers is required to have deep knowledge and understanding about the material. The purpose of this activity is to conduct training to improve the understanding and knowledge of the Vocational School Teachers of Accounting Departments on Fiscal Reconciliation Materials and the Filling of Annual E-Tax Return in accordance with Competency and Skills Exam Materials in Agam District and Bukittinggi City, West Sumatra. The training was carried out for 4 days in 2 weeks. Based on the results of the assessment from the pretest and posttest was conducted to the participants, shows that there was an increase in the understanding of vocational school teachers in the accounting department for annual fiscal reconciliation and E-Tax Return materials for individual taxpayers and corporate taxpayers. The results of the survey conducted with a questionnaire to find out the perceptions of participants regarding the usefulness of the community service activities, it shows that the training participants were very enthusiastic and get benefit from this activity.Keywords: teachers, SMK, understanding, fiscal reconciliation
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Cappelen, Alexander W. "The Moral Rationale for International Fiscal Law." Ethics & International Affairs 15, no. 1 (March 2001): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2001.tb00346.x.
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A country's right to levy taxes is a fundamental aspect of its sovereignty. Without the power to tax, a government would be unable to redistribute resources among its citizens and provide public goods. The question of how tax rights should be distributed is therefore one of the oldest and most important problems of tax theory. Increased international economic integration has made this question even more important, as a larger share of economic transactions take place across national borders, giving rise to situations in which more than one country is able to tax the same base.How such conflicts are resolved affects both the ability of countries to redistribute resources domestically and the international distribution of tax revenues. The allocation of tax rights therefore raises important questions of distributive justice, questions that require a normative theory of the right to tax. This essay seeks to evaluate the current distribution of tax rights by examining whether it can in fact be justified within the main approaches to distributive justice.
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Postuła, Marta, and Jacek Tomkiewicz. "Consequences of Fiscal Adjustment and Public Finance Management. The Costs of Limiting the Fiscal Imbalance in Eurozone Countries." Central European Journal of Public Policy 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2019-0001.
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Abstract This article focuses on the effects of corrections to the budgetary policy in eurozone economies. The goal of the text is to check if advancement in implementing modern tools of public management is helpful in the time of fiscal adjustment. We assume that the most important role of a performance approach in conducting fiscal policy is the ability of government to implement active policy meant as structural changes in the composition of public expenditures. In the case of the need to cut general levels of public spending, public sector managers who have knowledge of performance effects of public policies should be able to conduct fiscal adjustment in such a way as to minimise negative outcomes of spending correction on society. The structure of the text is as follows. First, we present some insights on the economic effects of fiscal adjustment. Then, we discuss the concept of performance management presented in the theory and policy agendas of international institutions such as the European Union or the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Finally, we present the result of an empirical exercise that is designed to combine the level of advancement in implementing performance budgeting (PB) and the social cost of fiscal adjustment in eurozone economies. The most important finding of the research is that PB tools seem to have very limited usefulness in a time of fiscal adjustment. There is no statistical evidence that countries advanced in utilisation of PB tools conduct more active fiscal policy – approach of cutting all expenditures across the border by given percentage rather than looking at priorities and social outcomes of fiscal adjustment dominates in all cases.