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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sidor, John. State assistance for public facilities: Determining local ability to pay. Pierre, S.D: Governor's Office of Economic Development, 1987.

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2

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget. Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues. Loss of manufacturing jobs: Impact on our future ability to compete in the global market : hearing before the Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues of the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, hearing held in Washington, DC, September 24, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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3

United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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5

United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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6

Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 4th ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1999.

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7

1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 3rd ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield, 1995.

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8

Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

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9

1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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10

Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

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11

1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1987.

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12

1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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13

1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 2nd ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1991.

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14

Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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15

Fiscal Space for Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275120002.

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Countries that have made the most progress toward universal coverage have public expenditures in health equivalent to at least 6% of their gross domestic product (GDP), which is the percentage established in PAHO’s universal health strategy as the benchmark for the countries. However, while higher expenditure is a prerequisite, it is not enough to combat inequities and advance toward universal health. In addition to greater resources, the quality of the expenditure must be improved, reducing health system inefficiencies. Moreover, public expenditure in health should be sustainably increased in a fiscally responsible manner. The concept of fiscal space for health refers to the ability of governments to provide additional budgetary resources for the health system without affecting the financial position of the public sector or supplanting other socially necessary expenditures. Any analysis of fiscal space, therefore, will attempt to identify the prospects for increasing health expenditure in the short and medium term to address a series of clearly established health needs. These efforts are under way at a critical time in the Region of the Americas, particularly in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, which are engaged in a singular health system reform process. For the first time in history, these countries have formalized their intention of increasing public expenditure in health, putting themselves firmly on the path to real and effective access to health care through the universal health strategy. Without achieving basic well-being at this level, it will be impossible to improve social cohesion and social development in the countries of the Region. This publication brings together and summarizes PAHO’s studies on fiscal space for universal health in the Americas and draws on the contributions of the regional forum held in Washington, D.C. on 7-8 December 2015. With this publication, whose target audience is the technical personnel responsible for policy development, decision-makers, and authorities, PAHO hopes to contribute to the analysis and discussion of health financing policies on the path toward universal health.
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16

Bill, Luker, Texas. Dept. of Transportation., United States. Federal Highway Administration., and Texas Transportation Institute, eds. An Assessment of the fiscal capacity of Texas cities and their ability to meet local street construction and maintenance needs through the year 2000. College Station, Tex: Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, 1995.

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17

Clift, Ben. Analysing the IMF Surveillance of Advanced Economies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.003.0004.

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After addressing the scope and limits of Fund autonomy, this chapter identifies the sources of the IMF’s power to speak with intellectual authority about economic policy. It then analyses conditions of possibility for the Fund’s exercising intellectual authority and influencing advanced economies. It finds that the institution’s ability to achieve this is contingent upon the Fund’s ability to frame policy advice in a way which resonates with policymakers, as well as its ability to mobilize its scientific expertise, knowledge bank, and mandate in a given policy context. Between 2007 and 2009, the Fund’s crisis (and crisis legacy) narrative resonated widely with national authorities. Yet from 2010 onwards the Fund proved something of an outlier in contemporary fiscal policy thinking. Many advanced economies chose not to take up the growth-supporting fiscal policy opportunities the Fund sought to carve out.
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18

US GOVERNMENT. Loss of manufacturing jobs: Impact on our future ability to compete in the global market : Hearing before the Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues of the ... held in Washington, DC, September 24, 1992. For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1992.

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19

Clift, Ben. The IMF and the Politics of Austerity in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.001.0001.

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The book provides a path-breaking comprehensive analysis of how the IMF approach to fiscal policy has evolved since 2008, the Fund’s role within the politics of austerity, and how it worked to shape advanced economy policy responses to the global financial crisis (GFC) and the Eurozone crisis. The book aligns with and advances cutting-edge ideational scholarship in international political economy (IPE) and comparative political economy (CPE) to build an innovative theorizing of how ideational change operates in international organizations (IOs). The construction of economic policy knowledge is understood here as a social process, wherein the IMF works to impress its interpretation of sound policy upon member countries through surveillance and other interactions. It updates and refines our understanding of how the IMF seeks to wield ideational power by analysing the Fund’s post-crash ability to influence what constitutes legitimate knowledge, and their ability to fix meanings attached to economic policies. This book is interested in the politics of economic ideas, focused on the assumptive foundations of different approaches to economic policy, and how the interpretive framework through which authoritative voices evaluate economic policy is an important site of power in world politics. After establishing the internal conditions of possibility for new fiscal policy thinking to emerge and prevail, detailed case studies of IMF interactions with the UK and French governments during the Great Recession drill down into how the Fund seeks to shape the policy possibilities of advanced economy policymakers and account for the scope and limits of Fund influence.
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20

Rao, M. Govinda. Studies in Indian Public Finance. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849601.001.0001.

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Studies in Public Finance is a book on the nature and effect of public spending and its financing in India, taking into account the advances in theory and best practice approaches. It brings together several disparate pieces of scholarship on Indian public finance. Public finance begins with reasons for government spending—the failure of the markets to provide public goods, goods with externalities, and bring about desired state of distribution. In Indian context, public expenditure policies are dominated by political economy considerations with interest payments, subsidies, and transfers pre-empting resources leaving inadequate allocation to physical and social infrastructure. The ability to provide essential public services is constrained by the low revenue productivity of the tax system. Inability to finance the required level of expenditures through taxes results in large deficits and debt threatening solvency, stability, and sustainability from time to time. The rule-based fiscal policy evolved to follow a disciplined approach to fiscal policy calibration has not met with much success. The book also analyses the complexity of calibrating public finance policies in a large country with multilevel fiscal system. It also evaluates the effectiveness of intergovernmental transfers in a country marked with wide inter-regional disparities in taxable capacity and standards of public services provided. Finally, the book brings out the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian public finances. The book will be useful to students of economics, scholars working on the subject and the policymakers.
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21

Vielledent, Marc C. Alliances, Military Basing, and Logistics. Edited by Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.37.

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The United States has long enjoyed an essentially unopposed ability to project power and sustain its security forces dispersed throughout the world. However, the uncertainty facing the global security environment, including tenuous alliances, fiscal constraints, and a decline in overseas basing, has increased tensions in emerging areas of potential conflict. These factors are driving change regarding the United States’ defense posture and access agreements abroad. While the preponderance of overseas capability outweighs the preponderance of U.S. forces, deterrence continues to underpin the overarching national security strategy. However, deterrence options impacted by the lack of resilience and investment in distributed logistics and sustainment are generating an additional range of variables and conditions for operators on the ground to consider in shared and contested domains.
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22

Loss of manufacturing jobs: Impact on our future ability to compete in the global market : hearing before the Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues of the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, hearing held in Washington, DC, September 24, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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23

Financial management: Control weaknesses limited Customs' ability to ensure that duties were properly assessed : report to the Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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24

Sargent, Thomas J. Six Essays in Persuasion. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158709.003.0008.

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This chapter consists of six essays that use “unpleasant monetarist arithmetic” to interpret events during the 1980s and 1990s in Brazil and the United States. During the 1980s, the United States took steps along a path upon which Brazil had travelled much further, a path along which interest-bearing government debt is growing as a percentage of GNP. The U.S. government was able readily to borrow large amounts, and had far to go before the government's budget constraint threatened to impose painful choices among the options of raising taxes, lowering government expenditures, or printing currency. Brazil found its ability to borrow very limited, and therefore had to confront those painful choices immediately. One essay emphasizes that a country's inflation rate at any moment emerges out of the sustained monetary and fiscal policy that it chooses, now and in the future.
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25

Bjella, Richard. The Art of Successful Programming. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.16.

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It seems that many concert programs are presented without enough concern for the overall flow, purpose, and direction of the choral performance itself. Often, many wonderful selections are included, but rarely do they truly work together in tandem or with enough significant diversity and color changes to warrant the audiences complete attention. Several unique models for programming at all levels are discussed. Questions are raised concerning choral programming tendencies (from Psalm choral settings to mixed meter music to Carmina Burana) and how the building of varied repertoires and unorthodox pairings can assist true success. In this age of diminishing crowds, fiscal resources, and rehearsal time, our ability to creatively weave the material to capture our singers and our audiences at the same time is extremely critical. Finally, we touch upon engaging the audience from the moment the ensemble takes the stage until the final ovation.
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26

Huret, Romain. The Not-So-Infernal Revenue Service? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the central issue of tax collection and the reasons why people still comply with the federal tax system in the United States. The current coercive model implies that fear and enforcement officers are the main vehicles of tax compliance in a country so attached to the idea of freedom against tyranny. However, rather than a coercive model of compliance, the chapter proposes a common ground model based upon three elements that explain why Americans have accepted and, generally speaking, still accept the expansion of fiscal power: (1) social legitimacy of the state and its actors; (2) a reach-out consensus on the definition and measurement of incomes and wealth; and (3) the ability of taxpayers and tax collectors to find room for negotiation. A historical outlook on different tax regimes demonstrates how institutional and social actors have searched continuously for common ground since the Early Republic.
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27

Lindvall, Johannes. Reform Capacity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766865.001.0001.

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Reform capacity—the ability of political decision-makers to adopt and implement policy changes that benefit society as a whole—can be achieved in two different ways. One method is to build institutions that concentrate power, enabling governments to ignore losers from reform. The other method, which governments rely more on in systems where power is shared, is to build institutions that enable governments to compensate losers from reform. The book discusses numerous empirical examples of how governments have built support for reforms by compensating losers. These examples are drawn from several different policy areas, including trade and labor market policy, fiscal policy, social policy, and tax and economic policy. If political decision-makers in power-sharing democracies are able to solve the bargaining problems that can sometimes complicate negotiations between winners and losers, power-sharing systems have certain advantages over power-concentration systems. Power sharing can lead to high reform capacity in societies where interest groups are powerful enough to block reforms. Power sharing can also lead to high reform capacity when reforms have short-term costs and long-term benefits, since it helps to correct some of the short-sightedness inherent in democratic policymaking.
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28

Eibl, Ferdinand. Social Dictatorships. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834274.001.0001.

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Why have social spending levels and social policy trajectories diverged so drastically across labour-abundant MENA regimes? And how can we explain the persistence of social spending after divergence? This books sets out to answer both questions. Itdevelops a theory about the emergence of authoritarian welfare states, arguing that autocratic leaders need both the incentives and the abilities to distribute welfare for authoritarian welfare states to emerge. The former are shaped by coalition-building dynamics at the onset of regime formation while the latter are conditioned by the external environment. At the level of incentives, broad coalitions emerge in the presence of intra-elite conflict and the absence of salient communal cleavages and, if present jointly, provide a strong incentive for welfare provision. Conversely, a cohesive elite or salient communal divisions entail small coalitions with few incentives to distribute welfare broadly. At the level of abilities, a strong external threat to regime survival is expected to undermine the ability to provide social welfare in broad coalitions. Facing a ‘butter or guns’ trade-off, elites shiflpriority to security expenditures; only fiscal surpluses from an abundant resource endowment can provide the necessary resources to avert this trade-off. To explain the persistence of social policy trajectories, the author relies on two important mechanisms in the welfare state literature: ‘constituency politics’ where beneficiaries of social policies avert deviations from the spending path in the form of systemic reforms or large-scale spending cuts; and spill-over effects to unintended beneficiaries who can become important gatekeepers against path divergence.
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29

Rotter, Merrill, and Virginia Barber-Rioja. Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0021.

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Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.
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30

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2007.

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31

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2007.

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32

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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33

Human Motor Development. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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34

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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35

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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36

Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Routledge, 2017.

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37

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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38

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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39

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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40

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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41

V. Gregory; Isaacs, Larry D. Payne. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach, 4th. Mayfield Pub Co, 1998.

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42

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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43

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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44

Payne, V. Gregory, Larry Isaacs, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach with PowerWeb/OLC Bind-in Card. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2004.

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45

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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46

Payne, V. Gregory, Larry Isaacs, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach with PowerWeb/OLC Bind-in Card. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2004.

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47

Payne, V. Gregory, and Larry D. Isaacs. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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