Academic literature on the topic 'Fiscal ability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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BOUKHAROUBA, Keltoum. "CONTROL FISCAL (COMPARATIVE STUDY)." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.14.10.
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The fiscal administration possesses a number of powers, which is known as the fiscal authority, which gives it the ability to monitor the validity of written declarations, and taxes paid by taxpayers. In order to carry out control operations, the Algerian legislator developed a set of legal and regulatory texts, to control and suppress tax evasion and fraud, and to ensure a fair distribution of the tax burden among individuals according to their contributing ability. fiscal administration. Key words: The Fiscal Administration, The Fiscal Authority, Taxpayers, Tax Evasion and Fraud.
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Michel, Philippe, and Pierre Pestieau. "Fiscal Policy with Agents Differing in Altruism and Ability." Economica 72, no. 285 (February 2005): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2005.00404.x.
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Aboagye, Prince Young, and Ellen Hillbom. "Tax bargaining, fiscal contracts, and fiscal capacity in Ghana: A long-term perspective." African Affairs 119, no. 475 (March 16, 2020): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa004.
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Abstract Many Sub-Saharan African countries are unable to generate sufficient tax revenues for public purposes. While it is widely accepted that governments’ ability to tax is shaped by politics, the precise mechanisms through which this relationship takes place in practice remain elusive. Based on a historical analysis of four major tax reforms in Ghana from the 1850s to the late 1990s, this article captures the various ways in which taxpayers negotiate with the state in an attempt to limit the extent of taxation, especially in cases where state reciprocity falls short of what people expect. Our evidence suggests that, far from being a recent development, effective taxation in Ghana has long depended on the ability of the state to convince taxpayers that tax revenues will be used for the public benefit. A history of misappropriation of tax revenues, overt corruption, and profligacy diminished taxpayers’ support for governments’ tax efforts. More generally, the article points to the importance of understanding how tax bargaining works in practice and people’s perceptions of their governments over the long term to overcome resistance to tax reforms.
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Scott, Tyler A., Tima Moldogaziev, and Robert A. Greer. "Drink what you can pay for: Financing infrastructure in a fragmented water system." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 17, 2017): 2821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017729092.
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The article investigates the relationship between environmental violations and water utility infrastructure investment in the Houston metropolitan area through a lens of institutional fragmentation. Special purpose water districts are highly capital-intensive service jurisdictions, which makes them extremely dependent on local fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity is also important for a water district’s ability to respond to performance failures, particularly regulatory violations. Resource base, however, is unevenly distributed between special purpose water districts in the highly fragmented Houston metro area. Therefore, while capital investments may significantly covary with fiscal capacity, not all water districts are expected to be capable of making needed infrastructure investment when problems arise. There are two major policy-relevant findings that we offer in the article. Institutional fragmentation in relatively more affluent areas does not impede the ability to invest in capital infrastructure related to both service pressures and regulatory violations. However, such ability is limited in relatively less affluent areas, where the fiscal capacity to respond to service delivery problems is limited.
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Jimenez, Benedict S. "Power to the People? The Initiative Process and Fiscal Discipline in City Governments." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 5 (February 16, 2018): 1280–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418756534.
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Does giving citizens the power to decide budget policies improve fiscal discipline in the local public sector? This study examines the effects of local initiatives on city budgetary solvency or the ability of city governments to generate revenues to meet their service and financial obligations in a fiscal year. Budgetary imbalance in the public sector has been blamed on self-interested bureaucrats and elected officials who desire budgets that are higher than that preferred by the median voter. The initiative gives citizens the power to directly decide budget issues. Research shows that voters are more fiscally conservative than government officials, which suggests that fiscal discipline will improve if citizens exercise greater control over budgeting. Using data from audited financial reports for midsized and large cities from 2006 to 2012, the empirical analysis indicates that initiative cities have weaker budgetary solvency compared with noninitiative cities.
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Degtyareva, Irina, Svetlana Lartseva, and Olga Shalina. "Assessment of the fiscal effectiveness of property taxes on individuals in Russia." Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), no. 2(55) (June 30, 2022): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2022-2-55-170-177.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the fiscal efficiency of taxation of individuals with property taxes. The concept of fiscal efficiency is revealed, under which it is proposed to understand the ability of the tax to provide revenue to the budget (budget efficiency); the ability of the tax to stimulate economic growth; the fairness of the tax in relation to the tax base and subjects of taxation. Based on the statistical data of macroeconomic development, the collection of property taxes and the dynamics of the tax base, the fiscal efficiency of property taxes from individuals in Russia is calculated.
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Azizah, Nur, Hendra Kusuma, and Zainal Arifin. "Does Fiscal Decentralization Increase the Economic Growth in Sulawesi Island?" Economics Development Analysis Journal 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v11i1.49957.
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Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia has been carried out since the issuance of Law No. 22/1999 which requires the central government to hand over financial management authority to local governments. Fiscal decentralization can create efficiency and effectiveness to encourage economic growth. However, there are still problems, namely whether the delegation of authority can contribute to regional economic growth. This study was conducted to determine the effect or impact of fiscal decentralization on the economic growth of six provinces on the island of Sulawesi. The central government assists the regions through fund transfer schemes such as GAF, SAF, and RSF. This study uses data from six provinces on Sulawesi Island between 2005-2019 and looks at the amount of fiscal decentralization used, namely the ability of regional transfers to create economic growth (AII) and the ability of local revenues to contribute to economic growth (AIII). The results of the analysis show that the indicator of the ability of transfer funds to the formation of regional original income has a positive and significant relationship. This means that, judging from the ability of the regions to contribute to economic growth, they are still unable to increase economic growth without the help of the central government.
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L., J. F. "WHICH COUNTS MORE: ABILITY OR CLASS?" Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1103.
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There is plenty of evidence about social mobility in Britain. The best is the National Child Development Survey, which has analyzed all the children born in a single week in 1958 at various points in their lives. In "Two Nations? The Inheritance of Poverty and Affluence," the Institute for Fiscal Studies, an independent research group, analyzed this data. It found that by 1991, 34% of those in the highest income quintile had fathers who were also in the top income group; 11%, however, had fathers in the poorest quintile. In a society with full equality of opportunity, and ability distributed equally across the population, 20% of the richest quintile would have had fathers from the richest quintile, and 20% from the poorest. This suggests that opportunity is dispersed in Britain, but not fully equalized. But what if ability is not in fact distributed equally amongst the population? This question is explored, using the same data as the Institute for Fiscal Studies, in "Unequal but Fair?", a pamphlet by Peters Saunders, a sociologist at Sussex University, published last month by the Institute of Economic Affairs. He concludes that ability is greater at the top of the class/income pile than at the bottom, and that individual ability plays a crucial part in deciding where an individual will end up. Ability alone is well over twice as important as their class origins, three times more powerful than the degree of interest their parents showed in their schooling, and five times more powerful than their parents' level of education or the aspirations which their parents harbored for them while they were growing up.
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OBU, Osiebuni Collins, and Wilfred Isioma UKPERE. "The Implications of the Incursion of Cryptocurrency on the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy." Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54609/reaser.v23i1.214.
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Existing literature has examined a plethora of factors that can affect the effectiveness, performance or nature of fiscal policy in an economy. In this paper we build on the fundamental tenets of micro-economic models to examine the potential ways cryptocurrencies can affect the effectiveness of a country’s fiscal policy. Our finding is that under the assumptions of an absence of uncertainties, perfectly competitive markets, household utility maximization, and usage of public money and cryptocurrency, the government purchases as well as the ability of the government to raise funds by issuing bonds and by taxation is decreasing in new investments in cryptocurrencies but increasing in the income earned from cryptocurrencies. We go further to discuss the factors that account for the sustained ability of cryptocurrencies to weaken the state’s fiscal-policy capabilities and possible ways the effects of cryptocurrencies on the state’s fiscal integrity can be mitigated.
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Tomaš, Rajko. "Non-tax Burden Management as a Manner of Increasing Fiscal Competitiveness – The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.2.353-375(2021).
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In this paper, we analyze the new system of improving fiscal transparency in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and its ability to contribute to increasing fiscal competitiveness. BiH has a specific system of fiscal federalism and decentralization, with four fiscal jurisdictions of disproportionate jurisdiction. By introducing the fiscal register as a public document, fiscal jurisdictions seek to increase fiscal transparency, discourage the introduction of new non-tax levies, reduce existing non-tax levies and eliminate parafiscal levies. In this paper, we investigated whether the new legislation allow for the achievement of these goals. Using the method of qualitative analysis, we concluded that rigorous conditions for entering public tax in the fiscal register and the legal provision that there is no obligation to pay any public tax if it is not entered in the fiscal register are a realistic basis for increasing fiscal transparency. A higher level of fiscal transparency should strengthen the interest of businesses and citizens in the non-tax burden and increase pressure on the government to reduce it. In order for a higher level of fiscal transparency to have an impact on increasing fiscal competitiveness, reforms of government institutions and changes in the way public money is spent are necessary.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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Santos, João Victor Guedes. "Teoria da tributação e tributação da renda nos mercados finaneiro e de capitais: entre a equidade e a eficiência; entre a capacidade contributiva e a indução." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-20032013-140006/.
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Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar e reconstruir os fundamentos da Teoria da Tributação e do Direito Tributário que regem a incidência do Imposto de Renda sobre operações conduzidas nos mercados financeiro e de capitais. Examinam-se, num primeiro momento, os preceitos norteadores da eqüidade, eficiência (nos seus dois vieses de neutralidade e desenvolvimento), simplicidade e conveniência, verificando-se em que medida o ordenamento jurídico-tributário posto está em consonância com a Teoria da Tributação. Na seara da Teoria da Tributação, destaque é dado ao trade-off (ou dilema) entre eficiência e eqüidade relativo à tributação da renda auferida nos mercados. Em momento subseqüente, analisam-se as regras constitucionais e complementares que moldam a incidência do Imposto de Renda e a maneira pela qual princípios e mandamentos constitucionais, concernentes à seara tributária ou não, atuam em relação à tributação da renda obtida nos mercados financeiro e de capitais. Nessa toada, papel de relevo possui a relação conflituosa existente entre o mandamento da tributação conforme a capacidade contributiva e a possibilidade de instituição de normas tributárias indutoras visando a objetivos extrafiscais.This paper aims at analyzing and reconstructing the fundamentals of the Taxation Theory and of the Tax Law that guide the assessment of the Income Tax on transactions carried out within the financial and capital markets. At a first moment, we examine the guiding precepts of equity, efficiency (in its two aspects of neutrality and development), simplicity and convenience, then verifying in what measure the legislation in force is adequate in light of the Taxation Theory. In the field of the Taxation Theory, we highlight the trade-off between efficiency and equity in relation to the taxation of the income obtained in the markets. Afterwards, we analyze the constitutional and complementary rules that shape the assessment of the Income Tax and the manner by which tax and non-tax constitutional principles and guidelines act as regards the taxation of the income obtained within the financial and capital markets. In this sense, a paramount role shall be attributed to the conflictive relation between the ability-to-pay rule and the possibility of enacting tax norms aiming at non-fiscal purposes.
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Silva, Rafael Vega Possebon da. "A extrafiscalidade no ICMS: seletividade, essencialidade, neutralidade e efeito indutor das normas tributárias à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6876.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-18The present dissertation aims the analysis, from a legal standpoint, of the non-fiscal purposes of taxation related to the ICMS1, understood as the effects caused by the collection of this tax besides the generation of income to the State. Therefore, we start studying the economic effects of taxation, as well as the social and historical background that justifies tax imposition. From understanding that the tax phenomenon implies interdependence between the legal and social systems, we found that the positive law can assimilate those effects caused by taxation, in its relation to axioms that became part of the legal order through legal values, legal principles and programmatic guidelines printed in the Federal Constitution. A systematic and constitutional interpretation of tax legislation should, therefore, be alert to these direct and indirect implications of the exaction, in order build a coherent and cohesive legal system, having in mind the purpose of the State as determined by the Constitution. The non-fiscal purposes of taxation can be studied under several perspectives, among which the effects of the charging in relation to: (i) the distribution of the tax burden in an equitable and progressive way, in respect to equality and the ability to pay (distributive function); (ii) the fulfillment of constitutional values through behavior induction (allocative function); and (iii) its use as a tool to stabilize market flows, as an anti-cyclical policy (stabilizing function). The first two are subject to further analysis. Nonetheless, apart from the search for legal certainty, tax neutrality, as an autonomous legal principle that also represents a canon protected by the legal system, acts as a counterpoint that must be taken into consideration in every discussion related to non-fiscal tax effects. In light of these concepts, we analyze the ICMS tax, studying the particularities of this form of taxation and the application of the discussed notions to some selected situations. The principle of selectivity consists in a tool to guide the variation of the tax burden that will be applied together with certain specific criteria, depending on the protected constitutional value and the non-fiscal function pursued. Considering the ICMS as a tax on consumption, with relevant impact of such tax burden to the end consumer, we conclude that the selectivity based on the essentiality of products / services is mandatory in the ICMS, and enables the variation of the tax burden as a way to comply as far as possible with the search for the ability to pay of the end consumer. After all, we conclude that the current ICMS legislation conflicts with several axioms protected by the legal system, resulting in a violation of the Constitution. We understand that this violation can be subjected to judicial review, and so we seek to present some elements and objective parameters to guide the analysis of the law by the interpreter in such cases
A presente dissertação tem por escopo a análise, do ponto de vista jurídico, dos elementos extrafiscais relacionados ao ICMS, entendidos estes como os efeitos causados pela cobrança desse tributo, além da própria arrecadação ao erário. Para tanto, iniciamos com o estudo dos efeitos econômicos da tributação e dos sistemas sociais e históricos de justificação da imposição fiscal. A partir da compreensão de que o fenômeno tributário implica interdependência entre o sistema jurídico e social, verificamos uma permeabilidade da norma positiva em relação a esses efeitos causados pela tributação, que se relacionam com axiomas que passaram a integrar o ordenamento por meio de valores, princípios jurídicos e diretrizes programáticas estampados na Constituição Federal. Uma interpretação sistemática e constitucional da norma fiscal deve, logo, se atentar para esses reflexos diretos e indiretos da exação, de forma a conceder coerência e coesão ao ordenamento, em atenção à finalidade do Estado tal como determinada pela Carta Magna. A extrafiscalidade pode ser analisada sob diversos aspectos, dentre os quais destacamos a relação da tributação: (i) para com a distribuição do ônus fiscal de forma equânime e progressiva, em leitura da igualdade e do princípio da capacidade contributiva (função distributiva); (ii) para com a efetivação de valores constitucionais por meio da indução de comportamentos (função alocativa); e (iii) com sua utilização para estabilização dos fluxos de mercado, agindo de forma anticíclica (função estabilizadora). As duas primeiras são objeto de maior análise. Em oposição, além da busca pela segurança jurídica, temos que a neutralidade consiste em contraponto a ser cotejado em cada situação em que se discute a extrafiscalidade, eis que configura princípio jurídico autônomo, também representativo de valor protegido pelo sistema. À luz desses conceitos, passamos à análise do ICMS, verificando as peculiaridades dessa forma de tributação e a aplicação do instrumental desenvolvido a algumas situações concretas. Analisando o princípio da seletividade, verificamos que se trata de técnica de gradação do encargo tributário, que será aplicado em conjunto com um critério determinado, a depender do valor constitucional protegido e da função extrafiscal visada. Considerando o ICMS como tributo sobre o consumo, com grande repercussão de sua carga fiscal ao consumidor final, concluímos que a seletividade em função da essencialidade dos produtos/serviços é de aplicação obrigatória no ICMS e viabiliza a gradação do peso do tributo de forma a respeitar, tanto quanto possível, a busca pela capacidade contributiva do consumidor. Ao final, concluímos que a legislação atual do ICMS viola diversos axiomas protegidos pelo ordenamento, implicando em inconstitucionalidade. Entendemos ser essa agressão passível de tutela jurisdicional e, para tanto, buscamos apresentar alguns elementos e parâmetros objetivos para guiar a análise da norma por parte do intérprete em tais situações
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Del, Vecchio Fabricio Boscolo. "Qualidade de vida e avaliação fisica em intoxicados por mercurio : estudo observacional transversal descritivo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274943.
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Orientador: Aguinaldo GonçalvesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Uma das agressões à biologia humana que desafia a relação saúde-doença no âmbito coletivo do mundo do trabalho é constituída pela contaminação do mercúrio metálico em nosso meio. Ela se dá através da aspiração dos vapores, ingestão de pequenas quantidades ou mesmo pelo contato dérmico. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo explorar o desenvolvimento de linha de pesquisa pioneira em nosso meio de aplicação da atividade física sistemática para a reabilitação de trabalhadores intoxicados ocupacionalmente com mercúrio na Grande São Paulo ¿ SP. Especificamente, tratou-se de mensurar possíveis alterações existentes no interior dessa população quanto à qualidade de vida e capacidades físicas. Para tal, formou-se grupo de pesquisa composto por quatorze mulheres e 33 homens, de 21 a 57 anos de idade, com média de 41,7, trabalhadores urbano-industriais da Grande São Paulo, intoxicados por Hg. Procedeu-se anotação das queixas clínicas dos doentes através de solicitação dirigida não indicativa em procedimento de consulta médica; aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida (QV), o SF36, bem como realização de avaliações referentes à força muscular, que geraram o índice motor (IM), coordenação motora de membros superiores e inferiores e equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Os resultados obtidos são indicados no plano descritivo através de distribuição de freqüência com medidas de centralidade e de posição; as inferências foram testadas pela prova de qui-quadrado e pela correlação linear de Spearman. Para a Regressão Múltipla, procedeu-se análise dos valores absolutos das variáveis dependentes (domínios do SF36), levando-se em consideração as independentes, idade, sexo, força muscular, coordenação motora e equilíbrio. Adotou-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Constata-se que a percepção subjetiva da QV é inferior às de outros grupos populacionais em que o referido instrumento tem sido aplicado, destacadamente doentes coronarianos e ex-combatentes da Guerra do Golfo. Embora situações com relevante déficit funcional tenham ocorrido, não foram encontradas de forma sistemática nesta investigação. Em geral, pode-se apontar que os participantes não apresentam prejuízos destacados nas origens nervosas e conseqüentes inervações musculares, expressam boa quantidade de força para os testes executados e IM de 96; com relação às diferenças de gênero para esta prova, os homens demonstraram significativa superioridade, observou-se adicionalmente que pessoas mais idosas têm menores escores nos testes e menor IM. Acerca da coordenação motora, identificou-se baixo desempenho em apenas três das 36 provas adotadas, sendo que o melhor nível de rendimento foi acompanhado em 85,63% dos casos. A respeito do equilíbrio, deficiências estão presentes em nove das 13 avaliações, no entanto, 95,42% das respostas estão dentro da normalidade. Encontrou-se forte interação entre força muscular e domínios propostos pelo SF36, em especial no sexo masculino. A coordenação motora se mostrou relevante para a Vitalidade e a capacidade de equilíbrio apresenta relação negativa com alguns domínios do componente mental
Abstract: One of the aggressions to human biology, which challenges health-disease relationship within labor collective world, is represented by metallic mercury contamination in our environment. It is related to vapors breathing, small amounts intake or even to dermal contact. The purpose of this study is to explore the research line development, which is pioneer in our environment of systematic physical activity application for the rehabilitation of occupationally mercury-intoxicated workers in São Paulo Metropolitan Region ¿ SP. It was specifically related to the assessment of possible changes within this population, as to quality of life and physical capabilities. A research group of Hg-intoxicated urban-industrial workers in São Paulo Metropolitan Region, constituted by 14 women and 33 men, being 21 to 57 years old, with an average age of 41.7, was created. Patients clinical complains have been noted, through a non-indicative directed request, during a medical examination; quality of life (QL) questionnaire, SF36, was applied, and muscular strength assessments have been carried out, generating motor index (MI), motor coordination of upper and lower members and static and dynamic equilibrium. Results obtained are indicated in the descriptive plan, through frequency distribution with centering-feature and position measures; inferences were tested by Q-square essay and Spearman linear correlation. For Multiple Regression, the analysis of dependent variables absolute values was carried out (SF 36 fields), taking into account the independent ones, age, sex, muscular strength, motor coordination and equilibrium. p<0,05 was adopted as significance level. It can be remarked that QL subjective perception is lower than for other population groups to which referred instrument has been applied, mainly coronary patients and Gulf Was veterans. Although situations presenting a relevant functional deficit have occurred, they were not systematically found in this investigation. Generally, it can be pointed out that participants do not present outstanding nervous damages et consequent muscular innervations, they show a good strength amount for tests performed and MI of 96; as to sex differences in this essay, men presented a significantly higher performance, it was also remarked that older people show lower scores during tests and lower MI. Concerning motor coordination, low performance was only identified in three of 36 essays adopted, best performance level being followed in 85.63% of the cases. As to equilibrium, deficiencies are present in nine of 13 assessments; nevertheless 95.42% of answers are with normal parameters. A strong interaction between muscular strength and fields proposed by SF36 could also be noticed, especially for males. Motor coordination was relevant for Vitality and equilibrium capability presents a negative relation with some mental component fields
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
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Farias, Álvaro Luis Pessoa de [UNESP]. "Nível de desenvolvimento motor em crianças do Ensino Fundamental I da Paraíba." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100444.
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farias_alp_dr_rcla.pdf: 394609 bytes, checksum: 13782eb9581a309ee3ab3cb13e20ca14 (MD5)Desenvolvimento motor é interpretado como o processo de mudanças que ocorrem no comportamento motor ao longo do ciclo de vida e é caracterizado por mudanças qualitativas, envolvendo as necessidades biológicas subjacentes as ambientais e ocupacionais, que influenciam o desempenho motor e as habilidades motoras dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar e descrever o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças, em idade do Ensino Fundamental I, no Estado da Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 410 crianças distribuídas nas quatro regiões paraibanas (Mata, Borborema, Sertão e Agreste), sendo 209 meninos e 201 meninas, na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos. A obtenção dos dados ocorreu na própria escola que a criança estudava, tendo sido as crianças filmadas realizando as habilidades motoras dos subtestes locomotor e controle de objeto do TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000). Após a filmagem, a análise dos dados foi feita por três avaliadores devidamente treinados. Os valores brutos referentes ao subteste locomotor realizado em regiões e grupos etários foram diferentes entre os grupos etários, F(4,390)=52,61, p<0,001, entre as regiões, F(3,390)=9,34, p>0,001, e interação entre grupos etários e regiões, F(12,390)=2,41, p>0,01. No controle de objetos, foi observada diferença entre os grupos etários, F(4,390)=58,26, p<0,001, entre as regiões, F(3,390)=13,44, p>0,001, e interação entre os grupos etários e as regiões, F(12,390)=4,07, p<0,001. Nos valores brutos referentes ao subteste locomotor, em função do gênero e grupos etários, foi observada diferença entre os grupos etários, F(4,400)=60,04, p<0,001, porém não revelou diferença entre gêneros, F(1,400)=2,12, p>0.05, e interação entre os grupos etários e os gêneros, F(4,400)=1,57, p>0.05. No controle de objetos...
Motor development can be understood as a process or as a product. As a process, it is characterized by qualitative changes, influenced by underlying biological needs, environmental and occupational factors that influence motor performance and motor skills of individuals. The goal of this study was to describe the development of fundamental motor skills of children, in Elementary School age, in the state of Paraiba. The sample consisted of 410 children divided into four regions of the state of Paraiba (Mata, Borborema, Sertão, and Agreste), with 209 boys and 201 girls, aging from 6 to 10 years. The data collection occurred at school in which children were enrolled, with the children filmed performing motor skills of the locomotor and object control subtests of the TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000). After the video recording, data analysis was performed by three trained raters. Raw scores of the locomotor subtest compared among regions and age groups were different among age groups, F(4,390)=52.61, p<0.001, among regions, F(3,390)=9.34, p>0.001, and interaction between age groups and regions, F(12,390)=2.41, p> 0.01. Regarding the object control, differences were observed among age groups, F(4,390)=58.26, p<0.001, among regions, F(3,390)=13.44, p>0.001, and interaction between age groups and regions, F(12,390)=4.07, p<0.001. Raw scores for the motor subtest regarding gender and age groups, differences were observed among age groups, F(4,400)=60,04, p<0.001, but showed no difference between genders, F(1,400)=2.12, p>0.05, and interaction between age groups and gender, F(4,400)=1.57, p>0.05. Differently, differences were observed for the object control values among age groups, F(4,400)=71.51, p<0.001, between genders, F(1,400)=8,82, p<0,005. The results indicate that the development of fundamental... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Drews, Ricardo. "Concepções de capacidade afetam a aprendizagem motora de crianças." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1814.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-22The present study investigated the effects of different ability conceptions on the learning of a throwing task in 6, 10, and 14-years-old children. In each age group, different groups were given either inherent ability (IA) or acquirable skill (AS) instructions before the beginning of practice. Participants were blindfolded and threw beanbags with their non-dominant hand at a target that was placed on the floor at a distance of 3 m. All participants performed 40 practice trials and received veridical feedback (accuracy score) after each trial. One day after the practice phase, retention and transfer (4 m) tests (10 trials each) without instruction or feedback about conceptions of ability, each consisting of 10 trials. As expected, older participants had higher accuracy scores in both practice and retention/transfer than younger participants. Importantly, instructions highlighting the malleability of the skill (AS groups) provided on Day 1 resulted in greater throwing accuracy in retention and transfer than did those implying an underlying inherent ability (IA groups). Thus, the induced conceptions of ability influenced the learning of the throwing task regardless of the children s age. Previous findings (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2009) suggest that AS conceptions of ability facilitate automaticy in movement control, presumably by reducing learners concerns about their performance and ability. The present findings add to the increasing evidence of motivational influences on motor skill learning and demonstrate that these effects generalize to children. The findings underscore the importance of how instructions are worded in the context of teaching and learning
O presente estudo investigou os efeitos das induções de diferentes concepções de capacidade na aprendizagem motora de uma tarefa de arremesso em crianças de 6, 10 e 14 anos de idade. Em cada faixa etária, diferentes grupos receberam instruções de concepções fixas (GF) ou concepções maleáveis (GM) antes do inicio da prática. Os participantes (n=120) realizaram uma tarefa de arremessar saquinhos de feijão de olhos vendados com a mão não dominante, tendo o objetivo de acertar o centro de um alvo a uma distância de 3 metros. Todos os participantes realizaram 40 tentativas de prática e receberam feedback verídico sobre sua performance depois de cada tentativa. Um dia após a fase de aquisição, foi realizado um teste de retenção e um teste de transferência (4 m), sem feedback ou instrução sobre concepções de capacidade, constando de 10 tentativas cada. Como esperado, os resultados demonstraram que os participantes mais velhos obtiveram escores de precisão mais elevados, nas fases de aquisição e retenção/transferência, em relação aos participantes mais jovens. Mais Importante, instruções induzindo a maleabilidade da habilidade (GM) na fase de prática resultaram em maior precisão do arremesso nas fases de retenção e transferência em relação aquelas induzindo estabilidade da capacidade (GF). Assim, pode-se concluir que a indução de concepções de capacidade influenciou a aprendizagem da tarefa de arremessar em crianças, independente da faixa etária. Achados anteriores (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2009) sugerem que as concepções de capacidade facilitam a automaticidade do controle de movimento, provavelmente por reduzir as preocupações dos sujeitos sobre o seu desempenho e capacidade. Os presentes achados adicionam à evidência crescente de influências motivacionais sobre a aprendizagem de habilidades motoras e demonstram que estes efeitos podem ser generalizados para crianças. Os resultados ressaltam a importância de como as instruções são utilizadas no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem
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Silva, Alessandra Reis da. "Concepções de capacidade e aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora esportiva em adolescentes." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3752.
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O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar os efeitos das concepções de capacidade no desempenho e aprendizagem de uma habilidade motora do futsal em adolescentes. O estudo foi composto por três grupos experimentais com fases de pré teste, prática, retenção e transferência. Participaram do experimento 45 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, pareados e randomizados em três grupos: concepções de capacidade fixa (CCF), concepções de capacidade maleável (CCM) e controle (C). Para o grupo CCF as instruções induziam a concepção de que a capacidade para driblar é inata, nasce com os indivíduos, enquanto para o grupo CCM as instruções induziam a concepção de que a habilidade pode ser aprendida. Para o grupo controle não era dada nenhuma indução de concepções de capacidade. A tarefa consistia em ir e voltar conduzindo uma bola de futsal com o pé não dominante, no menor tempo possível, contornando em ziguezague cones posicionados em linha reta, numa distância de um metro um do outro. A fase de prática consistiu em 15 tentativas, enquanto as fases de retenção e transferência, de 5 tentativas cada. Questionários de auto eficácia, afetos positivo e negativo e motiviação foram aplicados após o pré-teste, após a prática, antes da retenção e após a transferência. Os resultados mostraram que não houveram diferenças no desempenho e aprendizagem da tarefa, assim como nos questionários, entre os grupos. Concluindo, tais achados indicam que as instruções utilizadas, induzindo diferentes concepções de capacidade, não afetaram a aprendizagem da habilidade motora do drible do futebol em adolescentes.
The objective it was to check the effects of different capacity concepts on performance and learning of futsal motor skills in teenagers. The study consists of three experimental groups with the following phases each: pretest, practice, retention and transfer. It was 45 male and female teenagers participated in the experiment, randomly grouped into three diferente groups: fixed capacity conceptions (FCC), malleable capacity conceptions (MCC) and control (C). For the FCC group the instructions prompt to the idea that the ability to dribble is innate, born with individuals, while for the MCC group the instructions prompt to the idea that the skill can be learned. The control group was given no induction ability concepts. The task was to get to and conducting a futsal ball with the non-dominant foot in the shortest time possible, bypassing zigzag cones positioned in a straight line at a distance of one meter from each other. There 15 trials on the practice phase and 5 trials on the retention and transfer phases. Self-efficacy, positive and negative affects and motivational questionnaires were applied after the pretest, practice and transfer phases as well as before the withholding phase. The results showed that there were no differences in the performance and learning tasks. That was also seen in the questionnaires results from the different groups. Concluding the results indicate that the instructions used, prompting to different conceptions of ability, did not affect the learning of the motor skills necessary for dribbling in soccer in teenagers.
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Barros, Mauricio. "A efetivação dos direitos sociais por medidas fiscais e financeiras: instrumentos para a superação do subdesenvolvimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-02122016-093313/.
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A tese tem a intenção de promover um estudo sobre a efetivação do mínimo existencial pelas normas que regulam a atividade financeira do Estado, mediante uma articulação entre os fundamentos e objetivos fundamentais da república, os direitos fundamentais sociais e os subsistemas financeiro e tributário na Constituição Federal de 1988. A ideia principal é explorar os instrumentos fiscais e financeiros aptos a garantir a efetivação dos direitos sociais individuais (dimensão do mínimo existencial), o que é considerado vital para a superação do subdesenvolvimento brasileiro (relação entre direitos sociais e atividade financeira do Estado). Partindo da constatação de que o Brasil apresenta índices de desenvolvimento humano baixos em comparação à sua riqueza, a tese refutará importações acríticas das concepções de Estado atualmente praticadas em países desenvolvidos, para analisar a função que os direitos sociais previstos na Constituição Federal têm na realidade brasileira atual, bem como qual é o grau de efetividade desses direitos que é exigido pela Constituição. Com base nisso, a tese fará uma ligação entre direitos sociais e a atividade financeira do Estado, de modo a detectar pontos de intersecção entre esses subdomínios e entender de que forma as normas fiscais e financeiras podem dar efetividade ao mínimo existencial. Para tanto, no decorrer do trabalho será feita uma releitura dos diversos instrumentos tributários e financeiros aptos a dar efetividade a direitos sociais, tais como: (a) a competência tributária, (b) os princípios constitucionais tributários (capacidade contributiva, seletividade e não-confisco) e (c) os limites constitucionais orçamentários (orçamento da seguridade social, despesas mínimas com educação e saúde e fundos constitucionais), em nível constitucional, e (d) as desonerações fiscais e (e) as leis orçamentárias em nível infraconstitucional. Por fim, será feita uma crítica se o Estado brasileiro vem ou não manejando corretamente esses instrumentos.The thesis draws upon the effectiveness of the fundamental rights related to the social minimum through the rules that regulate the financial activity of the Brazilian State, considering both tax and budgetary legislation. The study will be based on a joint interpretation of the foundations and fundamental objectives of the republic, the social fundamental rights and the budgetary and tax systems of the Brazilian Federal Constitution. The main idea is to exploit the tax and budgetary instruments able to ensure the fulfillment of social individual rights (social minimum dimension), which is considered vital to overcome the Brazilian underdevelopment status (relation between social rights and financial activity of the State). Starting from the fact that Brazil has low human development indices in comparison to its wealth (Gross Domestic Product), the thesis will refuse of uncritical importation of conceptions of State currently applied in developed countries, in order to examine the role that social rights currently have before the Brazilian social reality, as well as the degree of effectiveness of such rights that is required by the Constitution. Based on this, the thesis will establish a connection between social rights and financial activity of the State, in order to detect the intersectional points between these areas and understand how the tax and budgetary laws could bring effectiveness to the social minimum. To achieve that, this work will try to reinterpret tax and budgetary instruments that could be able to give effect to social rights, such as: (a) the power to tax, (b) tax principles (ability to pay, selectivity and non-confiscation) and (c) the constitutional budget limitations (social security budget, minimum expenditures on education and health and constitutional funds), in constitutional level, and (d) the tax exemptions and (e) the budgetary laws. Finally, this work will launch a critic on the way that the Brazilian Government has been using such tools in order to achieve its social responsibility before the people.
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Sanches, Sabrina de Oliveira. "Controle motor, dor e depressão em mulheres com síndrome da fibromialgia." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/364.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-08Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to identify the relation between pain, depression and motor control in women with FMS. Twenty-eight women with mean age of 47 years (SD=11,4) and clinical diagnosis of FMS were evaluated. The characteristics of the sample were assessed by Clinical and Social-demographic Questionnaire (KONRAD, 2005) adapted for this research. The perception of depressive symptoms was identified through the Beck Depression Inventory (BECK, RUSH and SHAW, 1961). The assessment of pain characteristics was identified through the items III and IV of the McGill Pain Questionnaire adapted by Castro (1999). The motor control was evaluated through the Reaction Time Assessment Software developed by Andrade et al. (2002) and the Learning and Fine Motor Control Assessment Software (ANDRADE et al. 2003). The data was treated by descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation) and inference (Pearson and Spearman correlations and Mann-Whitney test). It was verified positive correlation between overall pain perception and perception of depressive symptoms (r= 0,530, p=0,004) and between perception of depressive symptoms and pain dimensions: affective (r=0,649, p=0,000), subjective (r=0,529, p=0,004) and mixed (r=0,431, p=0,022). It was identified correlation between sensory pain and performance in the last task of the fine motor skills control evaluation (r=0,383, p=0,044). Women who reported pain during the fine motor skills evaluation showed worse performance in this task when compared to women who did not report pain (1st. subtask, p= 0,004; 2nd. Subtask, p=0,037 e 3rd. subtask, p=0,001). The perception of depressive symptoms was also correlated with simple visual RT (r=0,527, p=0,004), simple auditory RT (r=0,604, p=0,001) and discriminative RT (r=0,419, p=0,026). There was no correlation between perception of depressive symptoms and fine motor skills performance. Such results indicate that pain and depression can impair the motor control of these women from two ways: depression can impair the speed processing of information and pain can impair the fine motor skills performance of the women with FMS.
Este estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre controle motor, dor e depressão em mulheres com síndrome de fibromialgia (SFM). Participaram desta pesquisa 28 mulheres com idade média de 47 anos e diagnóstico clínico de SFM. Para a caracterização da amostra foi utilizado o Questionário Sócio-demográfico e Clínico (KONRAD, 2005) adaptado para esta pesquisa. A avaliação das características da dor foi feita por meio dos itens III e IV do Questionário McGill de Dor adaptado por Castro (1999). O Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BECK, RUSH e SHAW, 1961) foi utilizado para mensurar a percepção de sintomas depressivos. O controle motor foi avaliado por meio do Software de avaliação da aprendizagem e controle de habilidades motoras finas (ANDRADE et al., 2003) e do Software de avaliação do tempo de reação (ANDRADE et al., 2002). Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva (média, freqüência e desvio padrão) e inferencial (correlação de Pearson e Spearman e teste de Mann- Whitney). Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a percepção de sintomas depressivos e a percepção geral da dor (r= 0,530, p=0,004) e entre a percepção de sintomas depressivos e as dimensões da dor: afetiva (r=0,649, p<0,001), subjetiva (r=0,529, p=0,004) e mista (r=0,431, p=0,022). Identificou-se correlação positiva entre a avaliação sensorial da dor e a quantidade de erro apresentada pelas participantes na última subtarefa do teste de avaliação do controle de habilidades motoras finas (r=0,383, p=0,044). As mulheres que queixaram-se de dor durante a avaliação do controle de habilidades motoras finas apresentaram resultados significativamente piores nas três subtarefas do teste, se comparadas aquelas que não relataram dor (1ª. subtarefa, p= 0,004; 2ª. subtarefa, p=0,037 e 3ª. subtarefa, p=0,001). Verificou-se correlações positivas entre a percepção de sintomas depressivos e o desempenho no TR simples com estímulo visual (r=0,527, p=0,004), no TR simples com estímulo auditivo ( r=0,604, p=0,001) e no TR de discriminação (r=0,419, p=0,026). Não ocorreu correlação significativa entre a percepção de sintomas depressivos e o desempenho nas habilidades motoras finas. Tais resultados indicam que os sintomas de dor e depressão podem comprometer o controle motor de mulheres fibromiálgicas de diferentes maneiras: os sintomas depressivos podem estar associados à diminuição da velocidade do processamento de informação, enquanto a sensação de dor pode comprometer o desempenho de mulheres com SFM em habilidades motoras finas.
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Martinello, Micheli. "Análise cinemática do controle cervical, do tronco e do membro superior em crianças com desenvolvimento motor típico com idade de um a quatro meses." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/249.
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-14Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The psychomotor development is typically characterized by the gradual acquisition of postural control. The prone position is indicated for the control cervical, scapular stability that favors, for the support of the forearms and hands. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the effect of different degrees of inclination of the supporting surface in the prone position on the neck control, trunk and upper limb. The study included thirty term infants, aged between one and four months, with typical motor development. The variables analyzed were neonatal characteristics, motor development by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and kinematic evaluation of the head, trunk and upper limb, in three different positions of inclination of the support surface (0th, 25th and 45th). The kinematic data were digitized by Ariel Performance Analysis System software. In assessing kinematics were significantly different between groups and between positions for angles of inclination of the head and trunk extension, and only between the positions in the variable angle of the shoulder and elbow angle. The variables age, Alberta prone, supine Alberta, Alberta Total and angle of the head in the 0th, 25th and 45th, showed a significant positive association, especially with the variable tilt of the head and trunk extension. The inclination of the supporting surface can facilitate movement of the head and stem, however support the upper member can be further stimulated without the slope surface. For the overall development of the child, the 0th position is best.
O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor típico é caracterizado pela aquisição gradual do controle postural. A posição prono é indicada para o controle cervical, que favorece a estabilidade escapular, durante o apoio dos antebraços e mãos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar o efeito de diferentes graus de inclinação da superfície de apoio em decúbito ventral sobre o controle cervical, do tronco e do membro superior. Participaram do estudo trinta crianças nascidas a termo, com idade entre um e quatro meses, com desenvolvimento motor típico. As variáveis analisadas foram características neonatais, desenvolvimento motor pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale e avaliação cinemática da cabeça, do tronco e do membro superior, em três diferentes posições de inclinação da superfície de apoio (0o, 25o e 45o). Os dados cinemáticos foram digitalizados pelo software Ariel Performance Analysis System. Na avaliação cinemática verificou-se diferença estatística entre os grupos e entre as posições para os ângulos de inclinação da cabeça e de extensão do tronco, e somente entre as posições nas variáveis ângulo do ombro e ângulo do cotovelo. As variáveis idade, Alberta prono, Alberta supino, Alberta Total e ângulo da cabeça em 0o, 25o e 45o, apresentaram associação positiva significativa, principalmente com as variáveis inclinação da cabeça e extensão do tronco. A inclinação da superfície de apoio pode facilitar os movimentos da cabeça e do tronco, no entanto o apoio do membro superior pode ser mais estimulado sem a inclinação de superfície. Para o desenvolvimento global da criança, a posição de 0o é a mais indicada.
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Duarte, Marcelo Gonçalves. "Relação entre aptidão física e desempenho motor de crianças eutróficas de 7 e 8 anos de idade." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/447.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this study is to investigate whether a relation exists between the scores on tests which assess physical fitness and motor performance of eutrophic children. 50 children have participated (25 male and 25 female), which were identified in the eutrophic nutritional state and aged between 7 and 8 years old. The variables used were strength of upper limbs, lower limb speed and strength of lower limbs and the "Test of Gross Motor Development - Second Edition (TGMD-2). The inferential Kendall tau statistics of correlation was used adopting α <0.05. The results shows a relationship between the score of the run (TGMD-2 test) and the score of 20-meter race (Physical Fitness test), although that relationship exist its weak (0,209). It can also be noted that the score of the horizontal jump test of the physical fitness had a weak relationship with running, hop and leap (TGMD-2), however these relationships were negative (-0.259, -0.263, -0.207 respectively). Analyzing the underhand roll test (TGMD-2) and the overhand throw of medicine ball (Physical Fitness), there was a weak relationship. When it was decided to see if there was a correlation between the physical fitness score and the gross motor quotient of the TGMD-2, the results showed a weak relationship (0.249). However, the results of this study can be interpreted as evidence for a positive association between motor performance in fundamental motor skills and performance on tests of physical fitness in children. Further studies may be conducted in a longitudinal and transverse field, with a greater number of participants, and the results serving as support for physical educators and aimed the development of fundamental motor skills and therefore improve the physical fitness levels in childhood.
O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar se existe relação entre os escores obtidos em testes que avaliam aptidão física e os de desempenho motor de crianças eutróficas. Fizeram parte do grupo do estudo, 50 crianças, sendo 25 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino identificas com o estado nutricional de eutrofia e com idade entre 7 e 8 anos de idade. Como instrumentos utilizaram-se os testes de força de membros superiores, velocidade de membros inferiores e força de membros inferiores e o Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2). Foi utilizada a estatística inferencial de correlação de Kendall tau, adotando α< 0,05. Os resultados demonstram uma relação entre o escore do corer (TGMD-2) e o escore da corrida de 20 metros (Aptidão Física), embora seja uma relação fraca (0,029). Nota-se também que, no escore do teste salto horizontal da aptidão física houve uma relação fraca com o correr, saltar com um pé e a passada (TGMD-2), entretanto estas relações foram negativas (-0,259,-0,263,-0,207 respectivamente). Analisando o teste de arremesso por baixo (TGMD-2) e o teste do arremesso de medicine ball (Aptidão Física), notou-se uma relação fraca. Quando se optou em observar se existia relação entre o escore geral da Aptidão Física e escore do Quociente Motor Amplo do TGMD-2, os resultados indicaram haver uma relação fraca (0,249). Entretanto, os resultados do presente estudo podem ser interpretados como uma evidência para uma associação positiva entre o desempenho motor em habilidades motoras fundamentais e o desempenho em testes de aptidão física em crianças. Novos estudos podem ser conduzidos, em um domínio longitudinal e transversal, com um maior numero de participantes, cujos resultados possam servir de suporte para os educadores físicos, visando o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e conseqüentemente aprimorar os níveis de aptidão física na infância.
Books on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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Sidor, John. State assistance for public facilities: Determining local ability to pay. Pierre, S.D: Governor's Office of Economic Development, 1987.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget. Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues. Loss of manufacturing jobs: Impact on our future ability to compete in the global market : hearing before the Task Force on Urgent Fiscal Issues of the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, hearing held in Washington, DC, September 24, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request for an [sic] fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation to increase the ability of the ATF to investigate and solve acts of arson against African-American churches: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for an FY 1996 supplemental appropriation ... pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 4th ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1999.
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1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 3rd ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield, 1995.
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Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
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1949-, Isaacs Larry D., ed. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 5th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
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Payne, V. Gregory. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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Traversa, Edoardo, and Stefania Lotito Fedele. "La riforma delle risorse proprie e la possibile introduzione di un tributo europeo." In Studi e saggi, 117–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.08.
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In the European Union, negotiations on the financial perspectives and the determination of the Union's own resources focus mainly on the amount of the individual states' contributions, and much less on the Union's fiscal competence. This weakens the Union's ability to conduct ambitious long-term policies, potentially mortgaging its very raison d'être. Recent developments related to the COVID-19 crisis (and beyond) seem to open a window for future changes. The European tax is an issue that provokes a wide debate at both the European and national levels, and not only of a political nature, between sovereignists and federalists, but also on the technical-legal-constitutional modalities that such a change would imply. For this reason, it is useful to present a structured analysis first of the financial instruments assigned to the EU, then of a reform of own resources and, finally, of the possibility of envisaging the birth of a European tax, albeit with an awareness of the limits of such a reform with regard to the current constitutional set-up of the European Union. Consequently, it will also be necessary to ask what kind of tax would be appropriate for this purpose.
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Gale, William G. "Termites and Wolves." In Fiscal Therapy, 71–84. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645410.003.0005.
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As discussed in Chapter 4, debt isn’t always bad. There have been good reasons to borrow money at times in the past—to fight wars and recessions and to make investments. Nevertheless, virtually all leading experts agree—and empirical evidence confirms—that following the current debt path and spending the borrowed funds as projected would create significant problems. Even if they don’t cause a financial crisis, rising deficits and debt will cause significant and durable long-term problems for the economy and reduce the nation’s ability to grow and improve living standards; respond to war, recession, or social needs; and remain a global leader in economic and political matters.
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Calia, Roland. "Countercyclical Fiscal Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Handbook of Research on Transforming Government, Nonprofits, and Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic Era, 1–19. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2314-1.ch001.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a monumental economic and fiscal challenge to state and local governments. Their ability to use fiscal policies to address these challenges is limited due to structural and capacity issues. Only the federal government has the resources and capacity to implement meaningful countercyclical fiscal policies to mitigate the severe economic and fiscal disruption in the states caused by the pandemic. This chapter presents data on the amount of direct financial assistance provided to state and local governments through the CARES Act of 2020, Coronavirus Relief Fund, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and describes how the State of Illinois, Cook County, and the City of Chicago are utilizing those funds.
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"Countercyclical Fiscal Policy During the Covid-19 Pandemic." In Handbook of Research on Transforming Government, Nonprofits, and Healthcare in a Post-Pandemic Era, 0. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2314-1.314596.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a monumental economic and fiscal challenge to state and local governments. Their ability to use fiscal policies to address these challenges is limited due to structural and capacity issues. Only the federal government has the resources and capacity to implement meaningful countercyclical fiscal policies to mitigate the severe economic and fiscal disruption in the states caused by the pandemic. This essay presents data on the amount of direct financial assistance provided to state and local governments through the CARES Act of 2020 Coronavirus Relief Fund and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 and describes how the State of Illinois, Cook County and the City of Chicago are utilizing those funds.
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Cole, Harold L. "The Great Depression through the Lens of Our Model." In Monetary and Fiscal Policy through a DSGE Lens, 108–15. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076030.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses the Great Depression. It examines the ability of the New Keynesian model to account for the data and also alternative research based around modelling the impact of New Deal policies.
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Rommerskirchen, Charlotte. "Beggar-Thy-Neighbors." In EU Fiscal Policy Coordination in Hard Times, 69–89. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829010.003.0005.
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Diverse groups are a hotbed for free riders. This chapter thus tests whether fiscal policy coordination was marred by collective action failure. The central claim of this chapter is that accusations of stability or growth free riding are not borne out by factual evidence. Using regression analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the chapter shows that despite their greater ability to free ride (given their political clout and trade links), larger and more open economies implemented larger stimulus programs. Fiscal policy is further analyzed vis-à-vis a country’s fiscal space. Results show that, by and large, member states stimulated their economies in line with their fiscal room for maneuver. These findings are contrasted with the political discourse of the time, when indictments of growth free riding were widespread. Accusations of beggar-thy-neighbor politics were rife; first-order free riding was not.
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Lecca, Patrizio, Peter G. McGregor, and Kim Swales. "Taxes and Spending." In A Wealthier, Fairer Scotland, edited by Michael Keating. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474416429.003.0002.
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Scotland will soon have one of the most powerful devolved governments in Europe, measured in terms of the percentage of public spending and tax revenues under its control. This chapter sets out the new fiscal powers of the Scottish Government, and explores the likely impact of using current, and potential future, fiscal levers to stimulate the economy. The likely success of such policies is shown to depend upon: the structure of the Scottish economy; the attitudes of the Scottish people to tax and spending decisions, and on the ability of public spending to enhance the supply side of the economy.
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Øvald, Camilla Bakken, and Bent Sofus Tranøy. "Negotiating Dilemmas of the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund." In Successful Public Policy in the Nordic Countries, 196–216. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856296.003.0010.
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Abstract The Norwegian state’s ability to combine investing abroad, with relatively moderate and rule-based fiscal spending, compares favourably with most other cases where governance structures have been exposed to large resource-driven income streams. This chapter homes in on two critical junctures in the development of the Norwegian sSovereign Wealth Fund and shows how dilemmas found stable solutions through two conceptual innovations. Established in 1990, the fund’s institutional framework evolved, with the development of a fiscal rule in 2001 and ethical guidelines in 2004 as key decision points. The fiscal rule connecting expected real return and government spending is critical for Norway’s economic policy and the ability to balance spending versus the need to save and protect the non-petroleum sector. Ethical guidelines similarly relieved the Norwegian political system of a potentially debilitating tension between the aim of maximizing financial returns and ethical considerations. However, for 30 years it has been taken for granted that the interest of future generations equals wealth which in turn equals financial savings abroad. The climate agenda and the emerging consensus on the need for a green transition may challenge the terms upon which the two great dilemmas described in this chapter has been resolved until now.
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Liebenthal, Robert, and Caesar Cheelo. "The Boom–Bust Cycle of Global Copper Prices, Structural Change, and Industrial Development in Zambia." In Mining for Change, 374–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0017.
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This chapter is about understanding the cycle of global copper price booms and busts over Zambia’s economic history. We explore how the mining industry has been managed, and wider economic management during boom periods. We find that successive Zambian governments did not use copper revenues to accumulate productive assets, focusing instead on financing consumption subsidies and sustaining inefficient state-owned companies. In recent times, Zambia has accumulated worryingly high levels of sovereign debt with virtually no prospect of official debt relief. Nonetheless, a reasonable chance exists of avoiding debt distress, provided the authorities consistently pursue strong fiscal management and discipline. Ultimately, Zambia’s ability to ring-fence and prudently use the mineral revenues from copper mining in building productive capacities remains elusive. Instead recurrent consumption expenditure demands dominate the fiscal landscape and the agenda of the fiscal authorities.
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Bircan, Çağatay, and Orkun Saka. "Elections and Economic Cycles." In Crony Capitalism in the Middle East, 291–308. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799870.003.0011.
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This chapter studies the presence of political cycles in Turkey’s recent economic history. It first discusses the incentives and the ability of the central government to engage in opportunistic behavior to boost economic activity around local elections. It then describes how the tools available to the government on the fiscal and banking fronts have changed since the 2001 crisis. The chapter documents suggestive evidence that state-owned banks engage in selective lending in the run-up to local elections when compared with private banks. This selective lending seems to favor provinces where the governing party faces greater competition from the opposition. There is less evidence regarding fiscal spending. The chapter discusses the implications of politically motivated policies on financial inclusion and aggregate efficiency.
Conference papers on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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Wang, Shanping, and Junwen Luo. "Analysis on Impact Factors of Anti-Poverty Ability Oriented Fiscal Poverty Alleviation Standard." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660605.
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Zhensheng Tao. "On fiscal policies for improving the independent innovation ability of IT industry in China." In 2010 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering (FITME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fitme.2010.5656312.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. "POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.
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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "An Evaluation of Turkish and Kazakh Mining Laws from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Principles." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00547.
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Some initiatives were established at international level in order to attain sustainable development in the mining sector, which is being discussed worldwide starting 1980s. The concept of sustainable development is defined as a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generation’s ability to meet their own needs. The law of sustainable development is a cross-sectored system of legal thinking that was evaluated by the national and international economic law, environmental law and human rights law. In the reforms of mining law, which have been realized after 1990s, the sustainable development is used a focus concept. The mining codes were enacted under the influence of having provisions related to security of tenure, establishment of transparent mining administration, access to mining land, and competitive-fair fiscal regime. In this paper, sustainable development is defined as a concept and its legal dimensions are explained. The mining reforms, which is being considered in the context of the sustainable development, are examined and a resolution that offers view of de lege ferenda is proposed. In addition, the related regulations and practices in the current Turkish and Kazakh Mining Laws are also included.
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Boucher, Laurel, and James F. Clark. "A Dialogue-Centric Approach to Environmental-Remediation Decision-Making." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59115.
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This paper outlines a multi-step approach to streamline and enhance the decision-making process that guides environmental remediation. The inability of the responsible party and the various stakeholders to reach agreement on the remediation plan can delay the remediation, result in financial penalties, and lead to the development of an adversarial stance that inhibits the ability of the parties to work together in a creative and constructive manner. The approach presented by the authors is designed to expand dialogue in a way that moves it beyond technical or fiscal matters by addressing what the authors describe as the “hidden barriers” to productive dialogue. These “hidden barriers” include: self-interests, the perception as to how people are being treated, a lack of clarity or poor management of responsibilities and accountabilities, unclear or convoluted communication protocols, and an underlying tone of conflict and cynicism. A key element of the multi-step approach outlined in this paper is the process of uncovering these “hidden barriers” and addressing them in a way that turns discourse into collaboration. The paper describes a model the authors have used to streamline and enhance the process of creating sustainable agreements both for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management as well as the U.S. Department of Defense for a variety of environmental remediation projects. The results of this approach include the acceleration of an environmental clean-up from a projected 19 years to 11 years, the development of innovative technical strategies, the reduction of a major backlog of environmental proposals requiring review and comment, and the distinction accorded one group of being recognized as a model of effective partnering. The approach described has widespread implications not only because its use can be expanded to include a multitude of decision-making applications but also because of the impact it creates by expanding both the management and leadership skills of those who use it.
Reports on the topic "Fiscal ability"
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Ardanaz, Martín, Jaime Alfredo Bonet, Sol Garson, Silvana Huanqui Valcárcel, Andrés Muñoz Miranda, Gerson Javier Pérez, and Enid Slack. Municipal Fiscal Health in Latin America. Edited by Martín Ardanaz, Andrés Muñoz, and Enid Slack. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004251.
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Cities are important drivers of productivity, innovation, and economic growth. To achieve their full economic potential, cities must deliver high-quality public services to their residents and businesses. This is very important for Latin American cities given rapid urbanization and the deepening of decentralization reforms in many countries. The extent to which they can carry out all of these responsibilities depends at least partially on their fiscal health, ability to meet their service, infrastructure, and financial obligations with the revenue available to them. This study assesses the fiscal health of 80 main cities in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, from 2010 to 2017, and explores the factors that drive it. A primary purpose is to provide a methodology for cities to assess their own fiscal health, given available data. As such, it helps to determine whether fiscal distress is building up in selected large cities across the region and to understand whether and how financial solvency, public service delivery, and the maintenance and expansion of urban infrastructure may be compromised.
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Arora, Sanjana, and Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.
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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.
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Strategic Opportunities for U.S. Semiconductor Manufacturing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.chips.1000.
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Semiconductors are critical to our Nation’s economic growth, national security, and public health and safety. Revolutionary advances in microelectronics continue to drive innovations in communications, information technology, health care, military systems, transportation, energy, and infrastructure. The potential for microelectronics to create transformational change is growing exponentially as they become smaller, faster, and more sophisticated—delivering unprecedented performance. Next-generation systems, devices, and related technologies are critical to addressing society’s most urgent needs. The nation that leads in microelectronics research, development, and manufacturing will lead in defining and reaping the benefits from dynamic shifts in technology. The ability to cost-effectively manufacture complex next-generation microelectronics devices and integrate them in novel systems and packages is a growing challenge, compounded by ever-greater requirements for performance, functionality, and security. To strengthen the U.S. position in semiconductors, Congress authorized a set of programs known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act (CHIPS Act) as part of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2021 (Pub. L. No. 116-283). These programs would help restore U.S. leadership in microelectronics manufacturing and ensure America’s supply of leading-edge products by providing incentives and encouraging investment to expand production capacity and grow the innovation ecosystem for microelectronics research and development (R&D). Leveraging decades of experience in next generation devices, systems, and related technologies, NIST has a specific role authorized under the CHIPS Act to undertake critical metrology R&D that will strengthen the domestic semiconductor industry.