Journal articles on the topic 'First and second Iron Ages'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: First and second Iron Ages.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'First and second Iron Ages.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Weli, Sardar M., Osama H. Shareef, and Syamand A. Qadir. "Determination of Level of Serum Iron among Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women Attending Private Clinic in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq." Polytechnic Journal 11, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp76-79.
Abstract:
Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is common in pregnant women and more than half of the anemia’s in the world are due to the deficiency of iron in the serum. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and level of serum iron among iron supplemented pregnant women in different trimesters and in different age groups among supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in the private clinic in the Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pregnant women were participated and enrolled between the first of December 2018 and first of December 2019. Two hundred and seventy-five healthy and iron supplemented pregnant women were selected randomly and the questionnaire form, which contains information about age of mothers and their gestational age, was filled and serum iron level was measured by COBAS C111 analyzer. The results of this study found that the percentage of iron deficiency among participants was high 33%, 45%, and 52.6 % in the first trimester in different age groups <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. However, in the third trimesters decreased to 12.5%, 7.1%, and 3.7% in <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. Regarding serum iron levels, the present study found that there were significant differences between ages 25 and 35 with age <25 years. However, there was no significant difference between first, second, and third trimesters. This study concludes that the percentage of iron deficiency among supplemented pregnant women was high compared to other cities or other countries. Pregnant women who their ages <25 are at risk of serum iron deficiency. On the other hand, pregnancy trimesters had no effects on the serum iron level among supplemented pregnant women.
2
Yan, Shuang, Renjie Zhou, He-Cai Niu, Yue-xing Feng, Ai Duc Nguyen, Zhen-hua Zhao, Wu-Bin Yang, Qian Dong, and Jian-xin Zhao. "LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of low-U garnets reveals multiple episodes of skarn formation in the volcanic-hosted iron mineralization system, Awulale belt, Central Asia." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 14, 2019): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35214.1.
Abstract:
Abstract Volcanic-hosted iron deposits of the eastern Awulale metallogenetic belt in Central Asia possess a reserve of over 1.2 billion tons of iron ores and constitute one of the most important basements for high-grade iron resources in China. Skarns are widespread in these deposits and closely associated with iron mineralization. The ages of these skarns are unclear, and their genesis remains debated, preventing further investigation into their metallogenic processes. We focused on garnets in nine ore-bearing skarns from three large-scale iron deposits (Chagangnuoer, Dunde, and Beizhan) in the eastern Awulale belt. U-Pb dating was conducted on these garnets using our in-house reference material, the Taochong garnet (TC-13, Pb-Pb isochron age: 126.2 ± 2.3 Ma, initial 207Pb/206Pb ratio: 0.845 ± 0.022). Laser-ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was employed in the garnet U-Pb dating, and high-precision U-Pb ages (0.3%–1.6%) were obtained, highlighting the advantages of LA-MC-ICP-MS in dating low-U minerals. The garnet U-Pb ages of the nine skarn samples fall into three groups, i.e., 329.0 ± 5.1–326 ± 3.3 Ma (two samples), 316.3 ± 2.9–311.2 ± 2.4 Ma (six samples), and 295.6 ± 1.0 Ma (one sample), implying three episodes of skarn alteration in the volcanic-hosted iron mineralization system. The first and second episodes of skarns formed as a result of contact metasomatism between coeval volcanic rocks and limestone, and they have economically important iron mineralization. The third was likely caused by a local postcollision granitic intrusion, but its metallogenic potential deserves further assessment.
3
Craiovan, Bogdan Alin, and Octavian-Cristian Rogozea. "Cercetari arheologice de suprafata in hotarul administrativ al municipiului Timisoara si in zona periurbana (II). Repertoriul arheologic al comunei Sanmihaiu Roman (loc. Sanmihaiu Roman, loc. Utvin)." Banatica 1, no. 33 (2023): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/banatica.33.1.2023.art.10.
Abstract:
The archaeological surveys started in 2014 in the administrative boundary of the commune of Sânmihaiu Român, more precisely in the vicinity of Sânmihaiu Român and Utvin, revealed the existence of numerous human settlements. From the point of view of chronological classification, the first settlements can be dated to the Neolithic period. These are followed by Eneolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age sites. The Second Iron Age is also well represented with settlements from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD. Medieval finds are also well represented, especially those dating to the middle and later Middle Ages.
4
Larsson, Lars. "The Iron Age ritual building at Uppåkra, southern Sweden." Antiquity 81, no. 311 (March 1, 2007): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094813.
Abstract:
Six years ago we reported the discovery of a central place at Uppåkra in southern Sweden which promised to be unusually rich and informative (Hårdh 2000). At 40ha it already stood out as the largest concentration of residual phosphate in the whole province of Scania, with surface finds of Roman and late Iron Age metalwork (second-tenth century AD). Following this thorough evaluation, the project moved into its excavation phase which has brought to light several buildings of the first millennium AD, among them one that has proved truly exceptional. Its tall structure and numerous ornamented finds suggest an elaborate timber cult house. This is the first Scandinavian building for which the term ‘temple’ can be justly claimed and it is already sign-posting new directions for the early middle ages in northern Europe.
5
Häggström, Leif. "Öggestorps åkrar." In Situ Archaeologica 4 (December 31, 2002): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58323/insi.v4.12745.
Abstract:
The Öggestorp area in south central Sweden has been subject to a fair amount of rescue archaeological excavations. It is one of the most excavated parishes in northern Småland. The remains are mostly from the Preroman and Roman Iron Ages. The distinguishing features are graves and agricultural remains. Agricultural remains are notoriously difficult to date in a convincing way. When recently carrying out a major excavation the dating of agricultural remains was one of the focuses. OSL dating of entrapped sediments was carried out with fairly convincing results. Two major phases can be identified in the use of the agricultural remains at Öggestorp. The first was the establishment and primary use in the Preroman and Roman Iron Ages. The second occurs in Medieval times and the Renaissance. A short discussion on the issue of conditions in rescue archaeology with special emphasis on methodological development is also carried out.
6
de Vingo, Paolo. "Archaeology of the Landscape of Metalworking Sites in Italian Alpine Areas (Orobic Alps) between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era." Land 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051031.
Abstract:
The article introduces features of iron-working in the north-western Italian Alpine region (specifically, the Valtellina side of the Bergamesque or Orobic Alps) during the Middle Ages by comparing historical data and archaeological sources. This will help shed light on the organisation of the production process, starting from iron ore mining, proceeding to examine the transformation phases and culminating in the conversion of the ore into ingots or bars to produce tools for agricultural or wood-cutting activities. The article follows two distinct paths, initially presenting the main stages of iron-working in Valtellina until the second half of the eighteenth century, followed by an analysis of the mining complex of Val Venina where an extremely important metal-working site is situated. Two separate mining zones were identified, the first deep underground and the second an opencast working site. Furthermore, a series of rooms made of dry-stone walling that provided accommodation for the miners have been brought to light, as well as mineral deposits and stables for the animals required to carry out the activities described by Melchiorre Gioia in his volume “Statistica del Dipartimento dell’Adda” and indicated in the land registers of the Lombardy-Veneto regions carried out in 1815 and 1863.
7
Nesbitt, Mark, and G. D. Summers. "Some recent Discoveries of Millet (Panicum MiliaceumL. andSetaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.) at Excavations in Turkey and Iran." Anatolian Studies 38 (December 1988): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642844.
Abstract:
Although a relatively unimportant crop in the Near East, millet has an especially interesting history that may throw some light on the cultural relationships of the Middle–Late Bronze Ages and the Iron Age. Thus the prompt, separate, publication of a large deposit of foxtail millet (Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.), recently identified from an Iron Age level at Tille Höyük, seems justified. This is the first find of the cereal in such large quantities—definitely as a crop—from the Near East or Greece. The rest of the plant remains from this level will be published in conjunction with the rich samples that are expected to be found in the massive Late Bronze Age burnt level at Tille. The opportunity is also taken in this paper to present other previously unpublished millet samples, from second millennium B.C. levels at Haftavan Tepe, northwestern Iran, and from Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval levels at Aşvan Kale, eastern Turkey.A full discussion of these criteria will be included in the first author's forthcoming publication of the Aşvan plant remains. Knörzer (1971) has published a useful key to millet seeds. Three genera of millets (all belonging to the tribePaniceaeof the grass family) have grains of the relatively wide, large embryoed type discussed here.
8
Widagdo, Dhuto, Hamam Hadi, and Wiryatun Lestariana. "Pengaruh suplementasi tablet Fe dengan supervisi suami pada ibu hamil terhadap umur kehamilan di Kabupaten Bantul." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17350.
Abstract:
Background: The high prevalence of anemia pregnant women anemia in Indonesia reaches 50%–70%, and it is caused by many factors. First, it may be caused by low compliance of iron supplementation and second, it may be caused by bad distribution of iron supplementation. This prevalence results some effect: high maternal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, anemia in infancy, and low productivity. One solution to overcome this prevalence is by giving iron supplementation to pregnant women with husband’s supervision.Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between iron supplementation with compliance, Hb value, and average of age gestation under husband’s supervision.Methods: This was quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. Subjects were pregnant women aged 20–28 weeks whose hemoglobin level 8 gr/dl to 15 gr/dl. Subject were taken from three sub-districts of Bantul District, Special Teritory of Yogyakarta. Subject were divided into two groups, the first group (n=55) received 60 mg iron supplementation with husband’s supervision and the second group (n=65) received 60 mg iron supplementation without husband’s supervision.Results: The compliance of first the group was higher than the second group (x2=19,48 p<0,01). In the first group, iron supplementation was effective to increase Hb level it was statistically insignificant (p>0,05). In the second group, iron supplementation was also effective to increase Hb level and it is statistically significant (p<0,05). The difference of Hb level between two groups was insignifi cant. After the predictor variable was controlled using multivariate regression test, it showed that iron supplementation with husband’s supervision was effective to increased Hb level 0,8 gr/dl and statistically signifi cant (p<0,05). The gestation average of two groups was similar, but after predictor variable was controlled using multivariate test, it showed that iron supplementation with husband’s supervision had one week gestation longer than those group without husband’s supervision.Conclusion: Iron supplementation with husband’s supervision are effective to lengthen one week age gestation.
9
Rollefson, Gary, Katharina Schmidt, and Robert Schick. "One Hundred Years of Archaeological Research in Jordan." Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 16, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 255–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.662.
Abstract:
This three-part article presents the history of archaeological research in Jordan, especially in the last one hundred years and concentrating on methodological advances. The first part of the article by Gary Rollefson covers the prehistoric periods, first by presenting the achievements of the pioneers and then by concentrating on research developments in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods from 9,750 to 3,750 BC. The second part of the article by Katharina Schmidt covers the Bronze and Iron Ages and highlights trends in archaeological research over the past one hundred years. The third part of the article by Robert Schick presents archaeological research in the Hellenistic to Islamic Periods, focusing on the contribution of foreign researchers, and presenting developments by decade
10
M., Suleymenov, and Ilyushin A. "FASTENING OF THE QUIVERFROM THE EARLY MEDIEVAL BURIALS IN THE KUZNETSK BASIN." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 2 (2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(2).-08.
Abstract:
The article examines a collection of eight ironcollared hooksfrom early medieval burials of archers in the Kuznetsk basin. Theseitems were found on four funerary sites Sapogovo, Shestaki-II, Esaulka and Vaganovo, dated by researchers at different intervals within the 7th –10th centuries. The finds are subject to typological classification, typological-chronological and comparative analysis, as well as ethnocultural characterization. As a result of the classification, five types of products are identified. All of them belong to the archaeological and ethnographic complex of those buried according to the rite of cremation on the side and the Saratov archaeological culture at the first and second stages of development in the Kuznetsk basin. It was established that in the early Middle Ages, warriors only in special cases used iron bell hooks. A wide typological range of these products, refl ecting their design features, indicates the lack of stable traditions for their manufacture in the region, which allows us to conclude that they are borrowed from neighboring territories of Sayano-Altai. This is also evidenced by a comparative analysis that allows us to conclude that the use of iron hooks for fastening the quiver in the Kuznetsk basin reflects the general dynamics of the development of similar products in Central Asia and steppe Eurasia during the Middle Ages.
11
S., Arefyev, and Zakh V. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RING CHRONOLOGIES OF MODERN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD FROM THE TOBOL- ISHIM INTERFLUVE AND THE PROSPECTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL DENDROARCHAEOLOGICAL SCALES." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 2 (2022): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(2).-09.
Abstract:
The article examines a collection of eight ironcollared hooksfrom early medieval burials of archers in the Kuznetsk basin. Theseitems were found on four funerary sites Sapogovo, Shestaki-II, Esaulka and Vaganovo, dated by researchers at different intervals within the 7th –10th centuries. The finds are subject to typological classification, typological-chronological and comparative analysis, as well as ethnocultural characterization. As a result of the classification, five types of products are identified. All of them belong to the archaeological and ethnographic complex of those buried according to the rite of cremation on the side and the Saratov archaeological culture at the first and second stages of development in the Kuznetsk basin. It was established that in the early Middle Ages, warriors only in special cases used iron bell hooks. A wide typological range of these products, refl ecting their design features, indicates the lack of stable traditions for their manufacture in the region, which allows us to conclude that they are borrowed from neighboring territories of Sayano-Altai. This is also evidenced by a comparative analysis that allows us to conclude that the use of iron hooks for fastening the quiver in the Kuznetsk basin reflects the general dynamics of the development of similar products in Central Asia and steppe Eurasia during the Middle Ages.
12
Abdullah1, Khalida Khalil, and Saleh Mohammed Rahim2. "Study of the correlations between serum iron and Hepcidin with some biochemical variables in hyperlipidemia of elderly males and females in Salah Al Deen Province." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.951.
Abstract:
The present research was designed to investigate the role of the relationship between Iron and hepcidin hormon with some biochemical variables in patients with hyperlipidemia in both males and females elderly in Salah al-Din governorate. The study included 40 individuals distributed into two groups. The first group was the control group, which included 20 human males and females and the second group included 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) whose ages ranged between (60-79) years. Blood was collected to estimate the hepcidine hormone, iron, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins. The results showed a significant increase in (P≥ 0.05) in the concentration of iron and hepcidin hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins while showed a significant decrease in (P≥ 0.05) in the concentration high-density lipoproteins in patients Males and females hyperlipidemia compared to the control group. The results also indicated a direct correlation relationship between iron and hepcidine hormone and studied variables cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins in patients compared to the control group. It is concluded through the results that iron and the hepcidin hormon may have an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients in elderly both males and females.
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.023
13
Khalida Khalil Abdullah and Saleh Mohammed Rahim. "Study of the correlations between serum iron and Hepcidin with some biochemical variables in hyperlipidemia of elderly males and females in Salah Al Deen Province." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v25i2.228.
Abstract:
The present research was designed to investigate the role of the relationship between Iron and hepcidin hormon with some biochemical variables in patients with hyperlipidemia in both males and females elderly in Salah al-Din governorate. The study included 40 individuals distributed into two groups. The first group was the control group, which included 20 human males and females and the second group included 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) whose ages ranged between (60-79) years. Blood was collected to estimate the hepcidine hormone, iron, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins. The results showed a significant increase in (P≥ 0.05) in the concentration of iron and hepcidin hormone, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins while showed a significant decrease in (P≥ 0.05) in the concentration high-density lipoproteins in patients Males and females hyperlipidemia compared to the control group. The results also indicated a direct correlation relationship between iron and hepcidine hormone and studied variables cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins in patients compared to the control group. It is concluded through the results that iron and the hepcidin hormon may have an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients in elderly both males and females.
14
Adomakoh, Yvonne Dei, Edeghonghon Olayemi, Lucy Asamoah-Akuoko, Bernard Appiah, Susan Telke, Catherine I. Segbefia, Tara Tancred, et al. "Impact of Iron Supplementation in Anemic Voluntary First-Time Blood Donors-Results of a Pilot Trial in Ghana." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174351.
Abstract:
Introduction : Blood transfusion is a major developmental challenge in sub-Saharan Africa due to chronic inadequacy and shortage of major blood products. In Ghana, deferral of potential blood donors has been identified as a significant challenge. Anemia, accounts for nearly half of ineligible blood donors. The estimated prevalence of anemia is 42.4% in women of reproductive age and 18.8% among peri-urban men ( Spring and Ghana Health service 2016). Thus, a high prevalence of anemia accounting for nearly half of voluntary blood donor deferrals, may contribute to the country's poor availability of safe blood for transfusion. No prior investigation had been carried out in Ghana on whether potential blood donors, deferred due to anemia, would consider donating blood after receiving counselling and appropriate treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that low-dose iron supplementation will increase hemoglobin levels sufficiently among anemic individuals to make them eligible to donate blood. Data from this trial informed the design of a larger randomized control type 1 pragmatic effectiveness implementation hybrid trial. Methods:This was a longitudinal two-arm parallel-group trial (participants aged 18 - 60 years). We compared the hemoglobin levels among those with anemia, iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) who received iron supplementation to donors without ID or IDA (Control group) in a non-inferiority design(NCT04949165). Anemia, IDA and ID were defined and determined using World Health Organization cut-off values (WHO, 2011). Potential blood donors with hemoglobin values less than 10 g/dl were excluded from the study. Participants in the iron supplementation arm were given low-dose iron (65 mg elemental iron) three times weekly for four months while the control arm received the standard nutritional counselling practice. In-person visits occurred at two, four and six months and included blood draws for full blood count, peripheral blood film smear, malaria rapid test and serum ferritin. The primary outcome was hemoglobin level after four months. A structured questionnaire assessed adherence, nutritional counselling and adverse events every two weeks via phone. Results: Two hundred and twenty-three first-time voluntary blood donors consented and passed pre-screening donation requirements (105 in iron supplementation arm vs. 118 in the control arm). The mean ages were similar between the iron supplementation and control groups (19.7±2.5 vs. 20.1±3.1 years). In both groups, there were more females than males (iron: 75.2%; control: 51.7%). At screening, 43.9% (98/223) had anemia while 3.1% (7/223) had ID. Of those who had anemia, 84.7% (83/98) had ferritin at least 15 g/l while 15.3% (15/98) had IDA. Among controls who donated blood at screening with an interim 1 visit, 42.6% (20/47) of females and 20.9% (9/43) of males were anemic. Only 23.4% (11/47) of females but no male was ID after one blood donation. Among participants assigned to iron supplementation who were anemic at screening, 31.7% (20/63) of females and 28.6% (6/21) of males were no longer anemic at interim visit 1. Among iron participants who were ID at screening 53.3% (8/15) of females and no male (0/2) were iron replete at interim visit 1. Only half of the participants receiving iron supplementation self-reported perfect adherence at the first and second interim visits (end of iron supplementation). A small proportion of participants reported side effects of dark stools and abdominal pain. We did not observe bacterial infections or increased malaria incidence. The mean hemoglobin values decreased over time from baseline to month four in the control group (screening: N=118, 13.4±1.3 g/dl; interim visit 2: N=74, 12.3±1.5 g/dl) and increased in the iron supplementation group (screening: N=105, 11.3±0.9 g/dl; interim visit 2: N=56, 11.4±1.3 g/dl). However, the primary comparison, mean hemoglobin difference between the iron supplementation and control arm at four months, did not meet the threshold to reject the inferiority hypothesis. Conclusion: The prevalence of ID and IDA among voluntary first-time blood donors was lower than previously published estimates. Adherence to low-dose iron supplementation three times a week was poor. Hemoglobin levels in the iron supplementation arm were not close enough to those in the control group after four months of iron supplementation to declare non-inferiority.
15
Chang, Claudia. "Models for iron age agriculture and pastoralism in Kazakhstan." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 7, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2022.07.00254.
Abstract:
During the first millennium BCE the Saka (eastern variants of the Scythians) have been characterized as early nomadic confederacies or states. Recently there has been considerable discussion about the role of agro pastoralism in Eurasian prehistory, especially during the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca. 2500 BCE to 400/500 CE).1-4 The term of agro pastoralism has become so widespread in archaeological literature as a catch-all term that the variations within and between dual economic systems of agriculture and mobile pastoralism have become obscured. In this brief essay I wish to discuss the ways in which agriculture articulated with pastoralism in ancient Iron Age cultures of Eurasia. While the assumption is that agro pastoralism represents a mutually symbiotic relationship between crop cultivation and grazing of herd animals, this may not always be the case. Furthermore, herders may belong not only to different occupational classes than farmers, but they often may represent different ethnic groups separate from farmers.5 An example of this, might be the Andronovo herdsmen of Ojakly, who lived apart from the Bactrian-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) urban dwellers of Gonur Depe during the Bronze Age in the second millennium BCE.6,7
16
Eroshenko, G. A., E. F. Batieva, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Paleogenomics of the Plague Agent and Prospects for Paleogenomic Studies in Russia." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-13-28.
Abstract:
The review contains information on paleogenomic studies of the plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis, covering the prehistoric epoch, the periods of the first and second plague pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of plague of the late XIX–XX centuries. We have summarized the data on the reconstruction of ancient Y. pestis genomes of the Late Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, the Justinian Plague epidemic of the first plague pandemic, the Black Death epidemic and the subsequent epidemics of the second plague pandemic of the XIV–XVIII centuries, as well as on tracing the pathways of plague propagation waves in Eurasia and the course of plague agent evolution with the formation of a vector-borne transmission route with the help of arthropods. We present the results of our own research of Y. pestis genomes from the key sites of formation of etiological agents of the first and second plague pandemics in the Tien Shan Mountains, historical outbreaks in the Northern and North-Western Caspian sea region and other regions of Russia and adjoining countries in the late XIX–XX centuries. The paper discusses the areas of the Caucasus, Crimea, Northern Caspian, Siberia, and Tien Shan in the territory of Russia and neighboring states that are promising for national paleogenomic studies of plague.
17
Noetzli, Leila, Ashok Panigrahy, Steven D. Mittelman, Aleya Hyderi, Ani Dongelyan, Thomas D. Coates, and John C. Wood. "Pituitary Iron and Volume Predicts Hypogonadal Hypogonadism in Transfusional Iron Overload." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1094.1094.
Abstract:
Abstract Abstract 1094 Introduction: Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) is one of the most common morbidities in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias such as thalassemia major. Unfortunately, pituitary dysfunction is difficult to detect prior to puberty because of immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We used MRI to measure pituitary R2 and volume to determine at what age these patients develop pituitary iron overload and volume loss. Additionally, we aimed to stratify the risk of clinical HH based on pituitary R2 and pituitary volume, and determine predictors of pituitary iron deposition and volume loss. Methods: We recruited 56 patients (52 with thalassemia major and 4 with Blackfan-Diamond syndrome) to have pituitary MRIs to measure pituitary R2 and volume. Diagnosis of HH was determined by either lack of secondary pubertal characteristics by age 13 for females or age 14 for males, by primary or secondary amenorrhea in females ages 16 or older, or by the need for testosterone administration in males. Patients also had pancreas R2*, heart R2*, and liver iron concentration measured by MRI. Normative pituitary R2 and volume trends were determined by a cohort of 100 control patients. Results: Patients were 20.4 ± 12.1 years old and well distributed by sex (31 males, 25 females). All subjects received blood transfusions every 2–4 weeks and were on appropriate chelation therapy as indicated by their physician. Mean pituitary R2 Z-score was 4.5 and mean anterior pituitary volume Z-score was −0.9. Figure 1 shows pituitary R2 values as a function of age, superimposed on normal trends from the control population. Patients with transfusional iron overload began to develop pituitary iron overload in the first decade of life; however, significant iron deposition were observed beginning in the second decade. Heavy pituitary iron deposition (Z-score > 5) and volume loss (Z-score < −2.5) were predictive of HH (Figure 2). Volume loss was highly specific (87%) but identified only half of HH cases. The remaining HH patients had heavy pituitary iron (Z-score > 5), but preserved pituitary volume. Pituitary R2 correlated significantly with serum ferritin as well as liver iron concentration, pancreatic R2*, and cardiac R2* by MRI. Discussion: Pituitary iron loading begins as early as the first decade of life in chronically transfused patients, meriting a pituitary MRI in children under 10 years old. Severe pituitary iron loading as well as volume loss throughout the second decade of life, and are predictive of HH, warranting more intensive screening in this age group. However, many patients with moderate-to-severe pituitary iron overload retained normal gland volume and function, representing a potential therapeutic window. This may also be explained by improvements in gland function observed following intensive chelation therapy. Serial tracking of pituitary iron and volume trends on age-appropriate nomograms should improve diagnostic accuracy and toxicity prophylaxis. Disclosures: Wood: Novartis: Research Funding; Ferrokin Biosciences: Consultancy; Cooleys Anemia Foundation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
18
Pradnyawati, Luh Gede, Dewa Ayu Putu Ratna Juwita, Komang Triyani Kartinawati, Made Indra Wijaya, and Anak Agung Sagung Mirah Prabandari. "Overview of the first 1000 days of life and stunting in toddlers 0-2 years old in Tegallalang District, Bali Province." Journal of International Surgery and Clinical Medicine 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/jiscm.v3i1.41.
Abstract:
Introduction: The most crucial time for a child's physical and cognitive development is the first 1000 days of life. Their nutritional state will influence toddlers' future health, intelligence, and productivity in the first 1000 days of life. The study aimed to describe the first 1000 days of life in toddlers aged 0-2 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a household survey in 30 clusters. Five samples of children between 0-1 years old and five samples between the ages of 1-2 years old were selected by simple random sampling from each census block for 300 respondents. Nutrition adequacy was analyzed in Nutrisurvey 2007 program. All data were analyzed descriptively in the SPSS program. Results: The prevalence of stunting in children aged 0-2 in Tegallalang District was 12%. Among children 0-1 years old was 8%, while in children aged 1-2 years was 17%. 41% of pregnant women and toddlers were exposed to secondhand smoke. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 44%, vitamin A supplementation was 43.7%, deworming treatment was 52%, and only 20% of people had clean water. There were 115 toddlers aged 1-2 years w deficits in carbohydrates, 140 toddlers with deficits deficiencies, and 80 toddlers with deficits in iron. Conclusion: The problem of stunting in Tegallalang District still exists. Community health workers should encourage women and their male partners regarding second-hand smoke, exclusive breastfeeding, vitamin A supplementation, and deworming treatment. Access to clean water is also urgently required. Further study is needed to determine the modifiable risk factors for stunting.
19
Ladynin, I. A. "“WORLD EMPIRES” OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C. IN THE THEORETICAL SCHEMES OF SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(52) (2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-1-118-128.
Abstract:
A feature of the Near Eastern history, observed in antiquity and in the Middle Ages in the first millennium B.C., is the emergence of vast centralized interregional states succeeding one another. In the late 19th century, the French Egyptologist Gaston Maspero showed that this was a gradual stage of integration of the microregion (following the interaction of the superpowers of the Late Вronze Age), and this point of view was shared by the Russian pre-revolutionary scholars N. Kareev and B. Turaev. Soviet research could not ignore the phenomenon, but had to put it in the context of the Marxist categories of the socio-economic “basis” and the political “superstructure”; oddly, an approach to the problem in the 1930s – 1950s was affected by Stalin’s own words about the transience of “Cyrus’ and Alexander’s empires”. However, starting with the work on the multivolume World History in the mid-1950s, the Near Eastern empires were treated as an important, moreover, a diagnostic feature of the second part of antiquity following the transition to the Iron Age. The paramount role in formulating this point belonged to Igor Diakonoff and his colleagues, who explained the emergence of empires by the processes within the oldest societies of the region (their alleged “crisis” in the late second millennium B.C.) and by the need to integrate the region between the center (irrigational societies) and periphery (regions supplying raw materials). Post-Soviet research has developed the theme rather meagerly. A factor strangely overlooked in the forwarded schemes is the rapid economic development of the Near Eastern societies having entered the Iron Age, which backed the demand for their firm political integration.
20
K., Rudenko. "Dating of the Iron Buckles, Plaques on the Belt and Hooks of the Middle Ages Period from the Middle Volga Region (based on the Materials of the Ostolopovo Settlement in Tatarstan)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 4 (December 2022): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-06.
Abstract:
The article deals with iron buckles, plaques on the belt and hooks from the excavations of the Ostolopovo settlement in Tatarstan. It existed in the 11th — 12th centuries. The Ostolopovo settlement was one of the settlements in the central part of the Volga Bulgaria, located on the way from the center of the state to the Kama River, which was the most important trade route of Bulgaria. The settlement was investigated in 1969 and 1997–2013. It is distinguished by a unique stratigraphy, which is associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the settlement. This settlement existed for a short time — from the end of the 10th century to the second half of the 12th century. The heyday of the settlement fell on the second half of the 11th — the fi rst half of the 12th century. During the excavations, 40 iron buckles, plaques on the belt and hooks were found. The peculiarity of these artifacts was that they were made according to samples that came to the Bulgars from Southern Siberia. Their prototypes were items of the Askiz archaeological culture. Such fi nds are typical for the Bulgar archaeological sites of the pre-Mongol period. In addition, Bulgar copies of Askiz originals spread beyond the borders of Volga Bulgaria. They are found among the medieval Mari, Udmurts, Permians, Mordovians. Th erefore, finding out the time of existence of such items is very important for dating the archaeological materials of the entire Volga-Kama region. Well-dated layers of the Ostolopovsky settlement allow this to be done. The analysis of the finds showed that they begin to occur in the third stratigraphic layer, which dates back to no earlier than the middle — second half of the 11th century. It contained a few items from a belt with an iron buckle and plaques on the belt that adorned it. Most of the finds come from the second layer, which was formed from the turn of the 11th–12th centuries until the second third of the 12th century. They are notable for their improved form design, which also included decoration of the surface with ornaments and possibly silver inlay. Finds of this type are no longer found in the upper horizon of the second layer. Thus, the period of the use of the Bulgar derivatives of Askiz products in the Ostolopovo settlement is the second half of the 11th — the second third of the 12th century. According to stratigraphy, the greatest use of such artifacts was in the first half of the 12th century.
21
Wood, John C., Raffaella Origa, Annalisa Agus, Gildo Matta, Thomas D. Coates, and Renzo Galanello. "Onset of Cardiac Iron Loading in Pediatric Patients." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2765.2765.
Abstract:
Abstract Patients with thalassemia major develop life threatening cardiac complications in their teens and twenties from iron overload. Cardiac MRI allows us to diagnosis preclinical cardiac iron deposition, but it is not known at what age T2* screening should be initiated. Historical data and pilot MRI studies suggest that patients must reach a critical transfusional exposure prior to cardiac iron uptake. This study was a two-institution characterization of the prevalence of cardiac iron overload in 77 pediatric patients. Methods: Study was performed at the Ospedale Regionale Microcitemie in Cagliari and the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA). Retrospective review of medical records was authorized by the IRB for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac MRI prior to July of 2007. Subjects at both institutions had assessment of cardiac T2* and cardiac function using validated techniques on a 1.5 T General Electric CVi scanner; patients at CHLA also underwent MRI-based liver iron measurements. Complete transfusional iron burden was measured in the Italian patients. Serial MRI data was recorded in 30 patients, but associations between cardiac T2* and age were determined using linear and logistic regression using only results from the first patient MRI scan. Results: Patient ages ranged from 8.0 to 18 years of age at Cagliari (n=36) and 2.5 to 17.9 years of age at CHLA (n=41), reflecting the use of MRI to monitor liver iron in patients < 8 years of age. Patients were moderately iron loaded with hepatic iron concentrations of 12.7 ± 9.8 (CHLA) and ferritin values of 2329 ± 1162 (Cagliari). Median cardiac T2* was 30.2 and ranged from 3.4 to 72.8. Cardiac T2* and its reciprocal were uncorrelated with liver iron (CHLA) and ferritin levels (Cagliari). Figure 1 demonstrates the decrease in cardiac T2* with increasing chronologic age. Serial data are connected by lines. Although linear regression was weakly positive (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03), the relationship was fundamentally nonlinear. No patient below the age of 9.5 years of age demonstrated an abnormal cardiac T2* (< 20 ms) while 36% of patients between the ages of 15–18 years had detectable cardiac iron. Figure 2 demonstrates the logistic regression curve modeling the prevalence of detectable cardiac iron as a function of age (r2= 0.13, p< 0.002). Chronologic age was highly correlated (r2 = 0.88) with both transfusional iron burden and with duration of transfusion therapy, making it impossible to separate the relative importance of these three variables. Conclusion: Thalassemia major patients did not accumulate cardiac iron until early in their second decade of life. Consequently, cardiac iron monitoring can be safely deferred until children are able undergo MRI examination without sedation. Figure Figure Figure Figure
22
Wadyl, Sławomir. "Preliminary results of excavations at the hillfort in Węgielsztyn, Węgorzewo County in 2016." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 292, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-135029.
Abstract:
The stronghold is located about 1 km south of the centre of the village and about 0.35 km south-east of the shore of Lake Węgielsztyńskie. During the excavations quite a large number of artefacts were recovered. The ceramic assemblage included around 3,500 fragments. In addition, about 500 fragments of animal bone were discovered, as well as several dozen artefacts, most of which were for daily use. The preliminary analysis of the materials indicates that the hill was intensively used in the early Iron Age (the second half of the first millennium BC). At that time, the settlement was at least partially fortified and seems to have been permanently inhabited. The next phase of intensive use was in the early Middle Ages.
23
P., Mandryka, Senotrusova P., and Dedik A. "Pinchuga-6 Burial Ground — a New Site of the Finale of the Iron Age in the Lower Angara Region." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 3 (2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-07.
Abstract:
The article presents the preliminary results of studying of the Pinchuga-6 burial ground in the Lower Angara region. This site is the first large necropolis of the late Iron Age to be explored in the region. 16 cremated burials on the side were recorded at the necropolis. Eventually 30 individuals of different ages were identified. The research revealed single children’s and adults’ burials, collective and paired complexes. In the collective complexes the remains of three or five people are buried. Based on the results the main features of the funeral ceremony were identified. Among the finds from the burial ground and the inter-burial ground space are weapons, tools, ceramic vessels, objects of Western Siberian cult casting and adornments. According to the analogy, the burial ground dates back to the second quarter of the 1st millennium AD. In addition materials of the Tashtyk and Late Kulai guises have been collected at the site along with local elements of the Lower Angara region. Keywords: Lower Angara region, finale of the Iron Age, burial ground, burial ceremony, funeral equipment, ceramics, dating, cultural connection
24
Ouyang, Jiajun, Wenjin Cai, Penggui Wu, Juan Tong, Guopeng Gao, Shuangqin Yan, Fangbiao Tao, and Kun Huang. "Association between Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Children’s Neurodevelopment: A Birth Cohort Study." Nutrients 16, no. 10 (May 19, 2024): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16101530.
Abstract:
Background: Research studies have showed that maternal diet may influence fetal neurodevelopment, but most studies have only assessed single nutrients or food groups. Objective: To investigate the impact of maternal prenatal dietary patterns during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. Methods: Study participants were obtained from the China National Birth Cohort. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition, was used to assess children’s neurodevelopment at 36 months old. Maternal antenatal dietary data were collected over three trimesters using food frequency questionnaires. Five distinct maternal dietary patterns throughout pregnancy were identified by principal component analysis, namely protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary patterns, low-iron dietary patterns, pasta as the staple food dietary patterns, iron-rich dietary patterns, tubers, fruits, and baked food dietary patterns. Group-based trajectory modeling was performed for dietary patterns present in all three periods. Multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Children of mothers who followed a high protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern trajectory during pregnancy presented better neurodevelopment, including higher gross motor and problem-solving scores. Furthermore, it was observed that children born of women with low-iron dietary patterns had poorer neurodevelopment. In detail, children born to mothers with a low-iron dietary pattern during the first trimester had lower problem-solving scores, while to those who were exposed to a low-iron dietary pattern in the second and third trimesters had lower gross motor scores. Additionally, children with mothers who had a low-iron dietary pattern in the third trimester had lower communication scores. Conclusions: A nutrition-balanced protein- and micronutrient-rich dietary pattern and adequate iron dietary pattern for mothers throughout pregnancy may be beneficial to children’s neurodevelopment.
25
Breda, Laura, Sara Gardenghi, Ella Guy, Ninette Amariglio, Konstantin Adamsky, Orly Weizer-Stern, Eliezer Rachmilewitz, et al. "Kinetic of Iron Absorption and Expression of Iron Related Genes in Beta-Thalassemia." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3846.3846.
Abstract:
Abstract We generated the first transplantable adult mouse models of beta-thalassemia intermedia and major by infusing mouse hematopoietic-fetal-liver cells (HFLC) heterozygous or homozygous for a deletion of the beta-globin gene (respectively with th3/+ and th3/th3 cells) into lethally irradiated congenic C57BL/6 mice. Six to 8 weeks post transplantation, mice transplanted with th3/+ HFLCs show 7 to 9 g/dL of hemoglobin levels, splenomegaly, abnormal red cells and increased iron overload. Mice transplanted with th3/th3 HFLCs, unless blood transfused, die 8 to 10 weeks after engraftment showing profound anemia, massive splenomegaly and very rapid and dramatic iron overload. For this reason, we began a systematic study to compare iron content and the expression level of iron related genes in normal and thalassemic mice of varying ages and sex in different organs (liver, duodenum, spleen, kidney and heart). In liver, we observed that iron content increases proportionally with the level of anemia, age and if the blood transfusion is included. We are currently analyzing the other organs. The expression of hepcidin, ferroportin, Hfe, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin-receptor 1 and 2, ceruloplasmin, divalent metal transporter 1 and hemojuvelin are being tested also in all these organs. In particular, we observed that hepcidin is dramatically downregulated in liver of beta-thalassemic animals. Our hypothesis is that low expression of this gene leads to high iron content in these animals. We intend to demonstrate that administration or increasing hepcidin levels of this peptide can prevent iron absorption in beta-thalassemia. We developed two alternative strategies to test our hypothesis. In the first one, we synthesized the active form of the mouse hepcidin peptide that will be administered intraperitoneally to mice affected by beta-thalassemia. In the second, lentiviral vectors have been generated in order to constitutively secrete hepcidin in the bloodstream of animals affected by beta-thalassemia. These vectors were introduced into hematopoietic stem cells derived from mouse embryos of normal and mice affected by beta-thalassemia and engrafted in myeolablated normal mice. The engrafted mice express hepcidin 6 weeks post transplantation by RT PCR. These animals, along with the animals in which hepcidin will be administrated intraperitoneally, will be analyzed at the endpoint of the experiment (> 4 months) for their hematological values and iron content to see if the use of hepcidin can be used to prevent excessive iron absorption in beta-thalassemia.
26
VAI, GIAN BATTISTA. "THE ORIGIN OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 327–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.327.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Prehistoric archaeology had its first pioneers in France led by Boucher de Perthes (the Abbeville school), who excavated fossil bones and stone tools beginning in the late 1820s to early 1830. At about the same time a second group in Denmark led by Worsaae (the Copenhagen school) studied an archaeological interval prior to their historical record, based on museum collections. Though lacking stratigraphical excavation they provided a chrono-typologic basic division into the stone, bronze, and iron ages across the past 3000 years. A third group led by the Italian Scarabelli (the Imola school) introduced the name ancient (prehistoric) archaeology with a field stratigraphic, geologic, petrologic and mapping approach. The discipline of prehistoric archaeology originated almost simultaneously as a multi-vocal result of activity led by these three independent groups.
27
Tarasevych, Viktor. "Ancient civilization: Mycenaean evolution and the revolution of Dark Ages." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2020, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2020.04.025.
Abstract:
This article continues the series of publications devoted to the universum evolution of ancient civilization and its sub-civilizations. The author analyzes the evolution of the Mycenaean civilizational area and the revolutionary changes of the dark ages. It is shown that the Mycenaean civilizational range, like Crete-Cyclades, belongs to the Middle subtype of the Eastern type of social evolution; however, unlike the latter, the coastal and inland continental subareas are quite clearly identified. With the prevalence of their common Middle-East-West (MEW) characteristics, the first component has a comparatively high significance of the Western type, and therefore, the Middle-Western subtype of the Eastern type is inherent in it, while the Middle subtype prevails in the second component, which is typical for the Middle-Middle subtype of the Eastern type of evolution. The Dorian conquests of the Sub-Mycenaean period interrupted the dominance of the Eastern line of social evolution in Ancient Greece. The palace farms were destroyed, and so were the corresponding social forms. The "Iron Revolution" of the X-XI centuries catalyzed the processes immanent to the Middle type of social evolution. In the Homeric era, on the one hand, the components of the universal Middle ground “declared their claims to dominance”, in particular, in the form of technological patterns of non-irrigated agriculture, cattle breeding, river and sea fishing, community military democracy, collective-individual community appropriation of indivisible land, basic tools and proto-ins titles. On the other hand, components of a new, special Middle type appear, for example, collective-clan (family) private exo-appropriation of land and tools, and collective-clan (family) personal endo-appropriation of essential human powers and institutions. Unfortunately, the shortage of historical data prevents accurate definition of the evolution subtype of Homer's society.
28
Eriksson, Ove, Matilda Arnell, and Karl-Johan Lindholm. "Historical Ecology of Scandinavian Infield Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020817.
Abstract:
Infield systems originated during the early Iron Age and existed until the 19th century, although passing many transitions and changes. The core features of infield systems were enclosed infields with hay-meadows and crop fields, and unenclosed outland mainly used for livestock grazing. We examine the transitions and changes of domesticated landscapes with infield systems using the framework of human niche construction, focusing on reciprocal causation affecting change in both culture and environment. A first major transition occurred during the early Middle Ages, as a combined effect of a growing elite society and an increased availability of iron promoted expansion of villages with partly communal infields. A second major transition occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries, due to a then recognized inefficiency of agricultural production, leading to land reforms. In outlands, there was a continuous expansion of management throughout the whole period. Even though external factors had significant impacts as well, human niche construction affected a range of cultural and environmental features regarding the management and structure of domesticated landscapes with infield systems. Thus, niche construction theory is a useful framework for understanding the historical ecology of infield systems.
29
Li, Junsheng, Wenyuan Ren, Aijun Zhang, Shuangcun Li, Jianping Tan, and Hongtai Liu. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Cement Mortar Mixed with Iron Ore Tailings." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010149.
Abstract:
In order to study the feasibility and sand substitution mechanism of cement mortar mixed with iron ore tailings (IOT), iron ore tailings cement mortars (referred to as IOTC) with IOT content of 0%, 25%, and 50% were made and tested. First, the basic properties of IOT used were measured to verify the theoretical feasibility. Second, the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths, as well as the crack resistance performance of IOTC under different curing ages and different sand substitution rates were tested. Third, the techniques of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to study the influence of curing age and different sand substitution rates on the chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural characteristics of IOTC. The sand substitution mechanism of IOT was then discussed. The research results proved the feasibility of using IOT to substitute standard sand in cement mortar. Within substitution rate of 0–50%, the mechanical properties increased with the increase of substitution rate. Though limited chemical effects were found by adding IOT, in comparison with standard sand mortar, more hydration products were found and the pore size distribution was changed for IOTC, which corresponds to its mechanical improvement.
30
Eka Padmiari, Ida Ayu, and Pande Putu Sri Sugiani. "ANALYSIS OF MICRO NUTRITIONAL CONSUMPTION AND FERRITIN LEVELS OF ADOLESCENT WOMEN IN GIANYAR REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE." Journal of Social Research 1, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i12.381.
Abstract:
Background: Based on Riskesdas, 2018 shows that the prevalence of anemia in women of childbearing age (WUS) in Indonesia is 23.7% with anemia sufferers aged 5-14 years at 26.8%, anemia sufferers aged 15-24 years at 32.0%, anemia aged 25-34 years by 15.1% and anemia patients aged 35-44 years by 16.7%. In Bali, research on the prevalence of anemia in adolescents as far as the author's knowledge is still very minimal.
Objective: The purpose of this research in the first year is to determine the relationship between consumption of micronutrients and ferritin levels in adolescent girls in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. The aim in the second year was to determine the effectiveness of iron folate and Multi Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) in adolescent girls whose hemoglobin or ferritin levels were below normal. This research is an epidemiological study of community nutrition that will be carried out in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, the first year from March to October 2021 and the second year from March to October 2022.
Methods: The first year research method used a community trial with a Cross Sectional design with a sample size of 168 samples. The second year with a different subject design with a sample size of 86 samples consisting of 43 control groups and 43 treatment groups.
Results: The results of the study in year 1 (2021) showed that the Ferritin levels of adolescent girls in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province showed 29.2% in the low category (<30 g/l) and 4.8% in the high category (>160 g/l), The average consumption of micronutrients for adolescent girls in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, namely iron (55%), zinc (74.25%), folic acid (31.7%) and vitamin C (39.2%), there is a relationship Consumption of Micronutrients, namely Folic Acid and Zinc with ferritin levels, while there is no relationship between consumption of iron and Vitamin C with ferritin levels in adolescent girls in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province
Conslusion: There is a relationship between consumption of micronutrients, namely Folic Acid and Zinc with ferritin levels, while there is no relationship between consumption of iron and Vitamin C with ferritin levels in young women in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province
31
Tene, Lilac, Avraham Karasik, Gabriel Chodick, Dora I. A. Pereira, Henrik Schou, Sandra Waechter, Udo-Michael Göhring, and Hal Drakesmith. "Iron deficiency and the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective, longitudinal analysis of real-world data." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 22, 2023): e0285606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285606.
Abstract:
Background Iron plays a key role in human immune responses; however, the influence of iron deficiency on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness is unclear. Aim To assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19–related hospitalization and death in individuals with or without iron deficiency. Methods This large retrospective, longitudinal cohort study analyzed real-world data from the Maccabi Healthcare Services database (covering 25% of Israeli residents). Eligible adults (aged ≥16 years) received a first BNT162b2 vaccine dose between December 19, 2020, and February 28, 2021, followed by a second dose as per approved vaccine label. Individuals were excluded if they had SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination, had hemoglobinopathy, received a cancer diagnosis since January 2020, had been treated with immunosuppressants, or were pregnant at the time of vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was assessed in terms of incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, relative risks of COVID-19–related hospitalization, and mortality in individuals with iron deficiency (ferritin <30 ng/mL or transferrin saturation <20%). The two-dose protection period was Days 7 to 28 after the second vaccination. Results Data from 184,171 individuals with (mean [standard deviation; SD] age 46.2 [19.6] years; 81.2% female) versus 1,072,019 without (mean [SD] age 46.9 [18.0] years; 46.2% female) known iron deficiency were analyzed. Vaccine effectiveness in the two-dose protection period was 91.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.7–96.0%) and 92.1% (95% CI 84.2–96.1%) for those with versus without iron deficiency (P = 0.96). Of patients with versus without iron deficiency, hospitalizations occurred in 28 and 19 per 100,000 during the reference period (Days 1–7 after the first dose), and in 19 and 7 per 100,000 during the two-dose protection period, respectively. Mortality rates were comparable between study groups: 2.2 per 100,000 (4/181,012) in the population with iron deficiency and 1.8 per 100,000 (19/1,055,298) in those without known iron deficiency. Conclusions Results suggest that the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine is >90% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 3 weeks after the second vaccination, irrespective of iron-deficiency status. These findings support the use of the vaccine in populations with iron deficiency.
32
Korolev, Arkady I., Vladimir N. Myshkin, and Anton A. Shalapinin. "Результаты работ на грунтовом могильнике Максимовка I в лесостепном Поволжье в 2018 г." Oriental Studies 14, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-55-3-515-530.
Abstract:
Introduction. This is a report on the results of archaeological excavations at Maksimovka I, the subterranean burial ground located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique because it contains burial complexes of different epochs. The purpose of the paper is to introduce the materials found during the 2018 excavations for the attention of the academic community. In particular, the paper focuses on the description and characterization of the archaeological complexes under investigation, and, also, on their cultural-chronological attribution. Data. The cultural layer was not particularly rich but contained fragments of Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze Age ceramics, stone tools, and waste left after stone processing. Three burials were examined in the excavation area. The first burial comprised the skeleton of a deceased person in a supine position; the head oriented to the north-northeast; the grave goods included iron items (a fragment of a boiler and of a bit, rod-shaped items, and a firesteel), grindstones, and flints. The second buried person was found in the seated position, leg bones bent at the knee joint, head oriented to northeast; the finds included a nonferrous metal ring, a bone pendant, a silicon wafer, and tubular beads. The third buried person was also in a seated position, head oriented to the northeast; no grave goods were found in the third burial. Also, two other burial constructions recovered on the site were partially examined. Results. The first burial was attributed to the Golden Horde period in the Middle Ages (the second half of the 13th or the 14th c.). The second burial has a number of parallels to burial complexes of mid-late Eneolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region. The third burial was left unidentified in terms of its cultural-chronological attribution, granted the non-standard position of the skeletal remains in the grave and the absence of goods. Conclusions. The examination of the subterranean burial ground Maksimovka I has allowed to introduce the archaeological material of different periods, such as Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages.
33
Dudarev, S. L., V. A. Berezhnaya, and S. P. Kolkova. "NEW FINDS OF THE MIRRORS OF SCYTHIAN AND SARMATIAN AGES FROM TRANS-KUBAN REGION." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 41, no. 4 (October 3, 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.04.06.
Abstract:
In recent years, on the territory of rural areas adjacent to the city of Armavir (Russian Federation), historically representing the Zakubanye (Trans-Kuban) region (i. e., the area of the left bank of the Kuban River), the number of bronze mirrors of Scythian and Sarmatian Ages have been found by chance. They entered the museums and museum corners of some cities and villages or were recorded in the private collections with subsequent fixation by local historians. The purpose of this paper is to publish the finds of this category which form a small but quite interesting and expressive series. The earliest of the presented specimens are finds from the village Uspenskоe. The first mirror from the Uspenskoe village (fig. 1: 1, 2) can be attributed to section I, type I, option 1 (mirrors with a central handle, round flat disc with a rim and segment loop) after T. M. Kuznetsova, and can be dated to the 7th—6th centuries BC. The second mirror from the village Uspenskoe (fig. 1: 3, 4) belongs to the 3rd variant of the indicated type, with a trapezoid loop. According to T. M. Kuznetsova, most of these mirrors are dated to the 6th century BC. Mirror 1 (fig. 2: 3, 4) from stanitsa Chamlykskaya can be considered to belong to type II, option 2 (according to I. I. Marchenko), which attributes the mirrors of this option to the 3rd—2nd centuries BC. The findings of modern Russian archaeologists make it possible to confirm the total dating of mirrors with scallops, similar to the published sample 2 from stanitsa Chamlykskaya (fig. 2: 1, 2) as 3rd—1st centuries BC.
Mirrors 1, 3, 4 (fig. 2: 5, 6; 3: 3—6) from stanitsa Voznesenskaya and mirror 3 from the village Uspenskoe (fig. 1: 5, 6), in our opinion, can be included to the number of copies of type III, version 1 by I. I. Marchenko. The date of the mirrors of this version, according to this author, is the second half of the 4th—3rd centuries BC. Mirror 2 from stanitsa Voznesenskaya (fig. 3: 1, 2) belongs to type I, option 2 according to I. I. Marchenko. The archaeologist dates the finds of type I option 2 to the second half of the 4th — 2nd centuries BC. The mirrors presented in the publication complement the geography and characteristics of the early Iron Age mirrors found in the eastern part of the Trans-Kuban region.
34
DALLMAN, PETER R. "Has Routine Screening of Infants for Anemia Become Obsolete in the United States?" Pediatrics 80, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.3.439.
Abstract:
Iron deficiency anemia was common and often severe as recently as 15 years ago in the United States.1 During that period, it had become a well-established routine to evaluate all term infants for anemia at about 1 year of age2; screening at the preschool checkup and in adolescence also became widespread. Declining Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia During the past decade, iron deficiency anemia has become less and less common.1,3 The first strong evidence of a relatively low nationwide prevalence of anemia was provided by the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) conducted between 1976 and 1980.4 In that large, representative sampling of the US population, only about 6% of adolescent girls between 15 and 17 years of age were anemic.4
35
Lauryn, Jessica, Freggy S. Joprang, Angela Kurniadi, Leonardo Leonardo, Fransiskus Xaverius Rinaldi, Erlina Erlina, and Gregiorio Gavriel Singgih. "Effectivity of Iron Supplementation With and Without Vitamin C for Increasing Hemoglobin Levels Among Women Aged 16-21 Years Old." Sriwijaya Journal of Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/sjm.v5i1.125.
Abstract:
Anemia can be caused by a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, chronic disease, severe bleeding, nutritional deficiency, and infectious diseases. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia (50%). Vitamin C has an important role in increasing absorption of iron in the body which can indirectly affect the increase in Hb formation. This study was conducted to determine whether iron and vitamin C supplementation affect the changes of Hb levels in women. This study was done by quasi experimental with single blind pretest posttest control group and with a stratified random sampling technique. Respondents were female students in Faculty of Medicine UNIKA Atma Jaya. The total number of sample was 58 which was categorized into two groups. The first group was given iron and vitamin C supplementation. The second was only given iron supplementation. There were 16 respondents (27,6%) aged 16-18 and 42 respondents (72,4%) aged 19-21. The average change in Hb level before and after intervention in group 1 was 1,934 g/dL, and P = 0,000 (P <0,05), the average change in Hb level before and after intervention in group 2 was 1,086 g/dL, and P = 0,000 (P <0,05). The difference of change in Hb levels in groups 1 and 2 had an average of 0,848 g/dL, and P = 0,005 (P <0,05). For conclusion, Iron and vitamin C supplementation has a greater impact on the changes of Hb levels compared to iron supplementation only.
36
Bulatovic, Aleksandar. "Origin and distribution of slightly biconical bowls with facetted or channeled rim from the end of bronze and the beginning of iron ages on the Balkan peninsula: Contribution to the study of ethnic and cultural movements in southeast Europe at the end of bronze and the beginning of iron ages." Starinar, no. 59 (2009): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0959089b.
Abstract:
Slightly biconical shaped bowls, the upper cone (rim and shoulder) of which is decorated with horizontal and slanted facets or slanted channels, as well as semi-globular bowls of inverted rim decorated with horizontal facets or slanted channels are characteristic of the end of Bronze Age and mark the beginning of Iron Age in many cultural groups within the Balkan Peninsula. Problem of their origin, chronology and distribution is present in archaeological literature for a long time. Many authors perceived the significance of this ceramic shape for the chronological, ethnic and cultural interpretation of the Late Bronze, that is, of the Early Iron Ages within the territory of the Balkans. Pottery from the burned layers in Vardina and Vardaroftsa sites in the north of Greece, among which there were bowls with inverted, slanted channeled rim, was designated way back by W. Heurtley as Danubian pottery or Lausitz ware, connecting its origin with the Danube Basin. Anumber of conclusions have been reached upon the study of finds of slightly biconical bowls and bowls of inverted rim, decorated with channels or facets, from several indicative sites from Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages within the Balkan Peninsula and south part of the Middle Europe. It has been stated that the bowls appear first within the southwest Slovakia and northwest Hungary in the Br D period, to spread very fast, already in the Br D/Ha A1 period, from its home territory to the east, to the northeast Hungary and northwest Romania. Namely, this first spreading wave into these territories brought along only variety Ia bowls, which were further distributed to the south, during the Ha A1 period, to the central parts of the Balkan Peninsula and consequently it can be concluded that these bowls are somewhat older than other varieties. In the period Br D - Ha A1, in north Hungary, under the influence of Gava Culture, on one hand, and Caka Culture, on the other, appear also variety IIa bowls (turban dish), distributed to the east with a new migration wave, in the same manner as was the case with the first migration wave, but also to the south, along the Bakonjska Range, to the present day Croatia and Slovenia, where, in the Ha A1/A2 periods, were stated exclusively variety IIa bowls. Representatives of the variety Ia bowls remained in the Pomoravlje region and Juzna Morava Basin, as confirmed by a large number of these bowls and also by other ceramic shapes of that stylistic and typological pattern, prevailing within this region in the Ha A1/A2 periods. First variety IIa bowls (Mediana, Krzince) appear only during the second migration wave coming from the north of the Balkans to the central part of the Balkan Peninsula (Ha A2 period). These bowls, however, are particularly characteristic of Macedonia and lower Povardarje, where variety Ia bowls were not stated at all. The second migration wave representatives, with turban dish bowls (variety IIa), were much more aggressive as witnessed by many burned settlements from that period in the Vranjska-Bujanovacka Valleys and Povardarje. During Ha B-C periods, bowls of both types (particularly variety IIa) became inevitable part of ceramic inventory of nearly all cultural groups in the Balkan Peninsula, which could be explained by the spread of cultural influence of the new stylistic trend, though, however, it could be possible that migrations, which at the time were numerous and of greater or lesser intensity, were one of the spreading causes of this ceramic shape into the east, south and west parts of the Balkan Peninsula in the Ha B period. Representatives of the mentioned migrations, which were carried out in at least two larger migration waves, bringing along bowls to the Balkan Peninsula, are protagonists of historically known migrations from that period, known under names of Doric and Aegean migrations. The assumed direction of these migrations coincides mainly with the distribution direction of bowl types I and II. Migrations spreading the bowl types I and II started in the south part of the Middle Europe, but were initiated by the representatives of the Urnenfelder cultural complex from the Middle Europe, as observed in certain ceramic shapes, stated together with type I bowls and originating from cultures of the Urnenfelder complex, and in numerous metal finds, which were produced in Middle European workshops. It is of interest to point out that bowl movements could be followed up to the northwest shores of the Aegean Sea, but they are not stated in the south Trace and in Troy, thus imposing conclusion that their representatives did not reach Troy. Consequently, their possible participation in destruction of VIIb2 layer settlements is utterly uncertain. The migrations, however, started chain reaction of ethnic movements in the Balkans, causing many ethnic and cultural changes within this territory which will lead to creation of new cultural groups to mark the developed Iron Age. To what extent bowls of this type, particularly variety IIa, left deep trace in the Iron Age Cultures in the central Balkans, is shown in the fact that survivals of this variety remained within these regions even several centuries later, in late phases of the Ha C period (VI/V century BC).
37
Mota, Tounian, Guillou, Pierre, and Membré. "Estimation of the Burden of Iron Deficiency Anemia in France from Iron Intake: Methodological Approach." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092045.
Abstract:
: Dietary iron deficiency (ID) is the first nutritional deficiency in the world, in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALY). This nutritional deficiency may lead to anemia, especially among children, adolescents, and adult women. The aim of this study was to build an original probabilistic model to quantitatively assess the ID, the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the subsequent health burden in France expressed in DALY, per age class and gender. The model considered the distribution of absorbed iron intake, the iron requirement distribution established by the European Food Safety Authority and the iron status in France. Uncertainty due to lack of data and variability due to biological diversity were taken into account and separated using a second-order Monte Carlo procedure. A total of 1290 (95% CI = 1230–1350) IDA cases corresponding to 16 (95% CI = 11–20) DALY were estimated per 100,000 individuals per year. The major contributors to IDA burden were menstruating females aged from 25 to 44 years old. Then, a consumption scenario was built with ground beef as intake, an increase in red meat consumption to 100 g/d would not eliminate entirely the IDA burden. The quantitative methodology applied here for France could be reused for other populations.
38
Lang, Valter. "Fortified Settlements in the Eastern Baltic: From Earlier Research to New Interpretations." Archaeologia Lituana 19 (December 20, 2018): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2018.19.2.
Abstract:
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
A brief history of research and earlier interpretations of fortified settlements east of the Baltic Sea are provided in the first part of the article. The earlier research has resulted in the identification of the main area of the distribution of fortified settlements, the main chronology in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages, and their general cultural and economic character. It has been thought that the need for protection – either because of outside danger or social tensions in society – was the main reason for the foundation of fortified sites. The second part of the article adds a new possibility of interpreting the phenomenon of fortified settlements, proceeding from ethnogenesis of the Finnic and Baltic peoples. It is argued that new material culture forms that took shape in the Late Bronze Age – including fortified settlements and find assemblages characteristic of them – derived at least partly from a new population arriving in several waves from the East-European Forest Belt.
39
Waggiallah, Hisham Ali, Hala Elsir Khair, Nasser Eissa Almoammar, Ammar Abdelmola, and Asaad MA Babker. "Iron Deficiency and Iron Storage Markers in Different Pregnancy Stages in Sudanese Women of Different Age." International Journal of Biomedicine 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2023): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article13(2)_oa18.
Abstract:
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ID and iron storage markers in pregnant women suffering from anemia during various trimesters attending Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Sudan. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study included 205 pregnant women aged 15 to 45 in various trimesters who attended Omdurman Maternity Hospital (Sudan) between May 2022 and January 2023. All pregnant women were divided into two groups: the case group included 159 pregnant women with anemia, and the control group included 46 apparently healthy pregnant women. The blood test parameters were measured using a Sysmex XT-1800i Automated Hematology Analyzer (Japan). The levels of serum iron (SI) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a Vitrous-350 Chemistry Analyzer (USA). The serum ferritin (SF) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas e411 analyzer (Roche). Among anemic pregnant women, 33(20.8%) were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 68(42.8%) in the second trimester, and 58(36.5%) in the third. In the case group, more than six deliveries were found in 50.3% of cases, compared to 23.9% in the control group (P=0.0015). The blood levels of Hb and SF were significantly lower in all trimesters in the case group than in the control group. The SI level showed a significantly low level only in the third trimester in the case group, compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the case group, TIBС levels increased from trimester to trimester, reaching maximum values in the third trimester, indicating a low iron level in the blood. In the case group, in the first trimester, the levels of Hb and ferritin did not differ between the age groups of 15-25 years and >26 years. However, in the second trimester, the SF level was statistically lower in the age group of >26 years than in the age group of 15-25 years (45.83±5.0 vs. 49.02±3.71 ng/mL, P=0.0038), but in the third trimester, there was the opposite (37.50±4.9 vs. 26.9±4.5ng/mL, P=0.000), which indicated a presence of IDA in the age subgroup of 15-25 years. Conclusion: Pregnant women are at high risk of developing or worsening ID. Every pregnant Sudanese woman should be screened for IDA.
40
Kutsenko, Irina I., Elena I. Kravtsova, Lyudmila A. Kholina, and Oksana V. Tomina. "Latent iron deficiency therapy in pregnant women." Gynecology 24, no. 6 (January 20, 2023): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2022.6.202023.
Abstract:
According to various studies, the overall population incidence of latent iron deficiency (LID) ranges from 70% and more. However, routine tests cannot detect LID during preconception examination and in the first trimester of pregnancy; therefore, women receive no proper treatment, and iron deficiency manifest in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. LID causes hypoxia, leading to pregnancy, labor, and postpartum complications.
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of iron with folic acid supplements compared to vitamin-mineral complexes in pregnant women with LID to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort non-interventional study (observational program) in real clinical practice was conducted. In total 461 pregnant women aged 19 to 35 with LID were included in the study. During the study, women were divided into two groups according to the method of LID correction: administration of iron sulfate 247.25 mg, which corresponds to an iron content of 80 mg + folic acid 350 g (Gyno-Tardyferon), or vitamin-mineral complexes with an iron content of 1418 mg. Routine complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin were monitored over time.
Results. Gyno-Tardyferon showed high therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy; the rate of favorable outcomes was 100% and 35% for multivitamin iron-containing complexes. No LID progression to manifest iron deficiency during pregnancy can also be considered a favorable outcome.
Conclusion. The results showed that timely treatment of LID with an iron-containing medication (Gyno-Tardyferon) prevents manifested iron deficiency and hemic and circulatory hypoxia, which ultimately reduces the rate of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum complications.
41
N. Aziz, Bassm, Mohammad A. Al-Kataan, and Wasan K. Ali. "Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in β-Thalassemic Patients: Effect of Iron Overload." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 18, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol18iss2pp8-14.
Abstract:
To study the effect of iron overload due to continuous blood transfusions on peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxynitrite, with evaluation of some antioxidants like, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamine E, Ceruloplasmin, uric acid and albumin in thalassemia patients. Forty patients with thalassemia major, aged 5 to 15 years, were carried out in Abn-Alatheer Teaching Hospital in Mosul city, during the period from October 2007 to April 2008. They were on Chelation therapy with desferÂrioxamine. They were divided into two groups, the first one without iron overload (90,97±12.92), and the second one with iron overload (157.75±7.57). All the patients were received whole blood. Blood samples were collected before and after blood transfusion. The results showed that there were significant increase in MDA and peroxynitrite in patients with iron overload five days before and after blood transfusion in compared with groups having normal iron level. On the other hand, glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity, Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, albumin and ceruloplasmin were significantly decreased whereas, uric acid was increased significantly. It is concluded that, Iron over load due to continuous blood transfusion in thalassemia causes increase in oxidative tissue damage with a changes in antioxidants status.
Key Words: Beta-thalassemia, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, Malondialdehyde, Iron
42
Harada, Yuriko, Nada Abu Kishk, Shakoor Hajat, Mio Akita, Masako Horino, Shatha Albaik, Khalil Abu Naqera, Majed Hababeh, Rami Habash, and Akihiro Seita. "Adherence to UNRWA’s anaemia treatment guidelines in the Jerash Camp Health Centre, Jordan: a retrospective observational study." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e056490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056490.
Abstract:
ObjectiveThe United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides primary healthcare to 2.2 million Palestinian refugees in Jordan. This study aimed to measure patient and doctor adherence to the UNRWA guidelines for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in moderate to severe anaemia children, defined as haemoglobin (Hb) level <10.0 g/L.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective observational study was conducted by analysing the electronic health records of 717 children (353 boys and 364 girls) children aged 12 months old in 2018 in the Jerash Camp Health Centre, Jordan.OutcomePatient adherence to the UNRWA guidelines was calculated by the proportion of health centre visits and doctor adherence by the proportions of Hb tests and iron supplementation among moderate to severe anaemia children at screening, first, second and third follow-up visits, respectively using STATA.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to severe anaemia was 15.6% among 12-month-old children. After 1 month of iron supplementation, 83.7% of anaemic children improved their Hb status: mean±SD from 9.1±0.6 g/L to 10.1±1.0 g/L. Patient and doctor adherence to the UNRWA guidelines was above 80% at the screening visit but progressively decreased at follow-up visits, especially patient adherence at the third follow-up visit of 34.4%. The analysis revealed unnecessary health centre visits and iron supplementation being given to mildly anaemic children (Hb level=10.0 g/L–10.9 g/L). Additionally, children visited the health centre at an age significantly later compared with that recommended by the UNRWA guidelines for the screening, first and second follow-up visits (p-value<0.05).ConclusionAdherence to the UNRWA guidelines was above 80% at screening but much lower at follow-up visits. Urgent action is needed to improve adherence at follow-up visits and to minimise any unnecessary health centre visits and iron supplementation to mildly anaemic children.
43
Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, and Alisa Zubova. "Directions and dynamics of population processes in Siberia and the Far East during the Neolithic-Bronze and Early Iron Ages: cranial metric evidence." Camera Praehistorica 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2023-2-116-129.
Abstract:
The purpose of the study is estimation of direction and dynamics of population processes from Neolithic to historical times on the vast territories of Northern Eurasia including Siberia, Russian Far East and Japanese archipelago. To achieve this cranial metric data on 62 ancient and 40 historical samples were analyzed by means of canonical variate analysis using mean intra-group correlation matrix. The obtained results reveal that in Neolithic three basal group of population can be detected in Siberia and Far East mainland. Basically the interaction of these groups explains morphological population landscape in post-Neolithic times. The first group, represented by the Baraba Neolithic series, is obviously the descendants of the Upper Paleolithic tribes of Western and Central Siberia. The second group is related to Boisman-2 sample from Primorye. The cranial characteristics of this series can be detected in Neolithic from Primorye to Baikal region. The third group is represented by a cranial series from the Diring-Yuryakh burial ground of the Ymyakhtakh culture located in Yakutia (Sаkha). Although this sample is not closely related to other ancient series used in the analyses it contributed to historical ethnic groups adjacent to Tuva and Mongolia. In Western Siberia massive gene flow related to Afanasievo in Eneolithic and especially Andronovo people in Bronze Age is detected. At the end of the Early Iron Age, the western migration vector changed to the eastern one. The results of canonical variate analysis reveal high level of morphological similarity between Baraba Neolithic sample, Jomon, and Epi-jomon. This result needs to be verified by other independent sources including morphologic and genetic studies.
44
Thompson, Christineil, and Jennifer L. Oliveira. "Evaluating for Iron Deficiency in Pediatric Patients Obtaining a Hemoglobinopathy Evaluation." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 5256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189379.
Abstract:
Background Low ferritin levels have been previously described to lower HbA 2 percentages on hemoglobinopathy evaluation. At our institution we have incorporated serum ferritin levels into an expanded panel test for thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy to assist with interpretation. There have been many critiques on the reference ranges used to define low ferritin in various pediatric ages. Lower ferritin levels, even in the absence of anemia or microcytosis, have been ascribed to nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, difficulty concentrating, and decreased productivity that could be misconstrued as an attention-deficit disorder, especially in children. A hemoglobinopathy evaluation is often the first occasion for ferritin testing in patients; therefore, the hemoglobinopathy evaluation can serve as a key checkpoint to detect iron deficiency allowing for prompt treatment and amelioration of symptoms. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ferritin levels and the occurrence of hemoglobinopathies among pediatric patients in a single institution with the expectation that patients obtaining a hemoglobinopathy workup would be more likely to have a low ferritin (null hypothesis: there is no difference in the ferritin levels between patients receiving a hemoglobinopathy workup). The second hypothesis was that hemoglobinopathy testing would be done in a stepwise manner so at least 50% of patients obtaining a hemoglobinopathy workup would have prior interventions such as iron supplementation (null hypothesis: patients obtaining hemoglobinopathy evaluation have less prior interventions such as iron supplementation). Design/Method This retrospective, single center study included patients aged 0-18 years who had their first thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy testing for any indication between January 1, 2023 and July 28, 2023. Clinical variables were collected via review of the medical record. Low ferritin was defined as a ferritin level less than or equal to 25 mcg/L. Pearson's Chi Squared test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of categorical and continuous variables respectively. Results Seventy-seven total eligible patients were identified. Of those patients 35 were found to have low ferritin levels (45.5%). Among the patients with a low ferritin level, 15 patients also had a hemoglobinopathy present on their testing (41.7%) but there was no significant difference compared to those with normal ferritin levels (p value = 0.467). The patients with normal ferritin levels were of a significantly higher age compared to those with low ferritin levels 12.2 years vs 6.8 years (p value = 0.001) and 14 (42.4%) patients with low ferritin had no anemia and 29 (82.9%) never received prior iron supplementation. It was also noted that patients of Asian race were significantly more likely to have received prior iron supplementation 27.3% (p value = 0.004). Among patients with a hemoglobinopathy present the average age of their diagnosis was 9.1 years (95% Confidence Interval 6.6-11.7 years). Nine of the 10 patients with no hemoglobin values available were tested due to college sports participation and only 2 of those patients were found to have low ferritins. Conclusion Among our group of pediatric patients who underwent evaluation for thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy, there was no significant difference between those having a hemoglobinopathy present and lower or higher ferritin levels. Iron deficiency was more often noted among the younger patients even in the absence of anemia. It was important to note the majority of patients with iron deficiency detected on the hemoglobinopathy evaluation had never received prior iron supplementation until the time of their hemoglobinopathy evaluation. This also demonstrates that many providers may not do a stepwise workup but order all the evaluations at once. As there are many nonspecific symptoms of iron deficiency that can hinder the development of a child it is valuable to detect iron deficiency on hemoglobinopathy testing in order to intervene as soon as possible as iron deficiency can be masked by normal hemoglobin and normocytosis. Further investigation with larger study groups is warranted to better elucidate this relationship. Overall, our results suggest that enhanced characterization of iron deficiency parameters for patients receiving a hemoglobinopathy evaluation is warranted.
45
Guo, Fenghui, Jinmeng Kang, Juntao Tan, Yong Wang, Li Jia, and Hongmeng Xu. "Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment Improves Lipopolysaccharide-induced Iron Homeostasis Disorder in Aged Mice." Current Neurovascular Research 17, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567202617666200217105109.
Abstract:
Background: Iron homeostasis disorder and neuroinflammation are the most commonly known factors that promote the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment in people. Dexmedetomidine has an anti-inflammatory effect, and it reduces the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify whether dexmedetomidine could improve lipopolysaccharide-induced iron homeostasis disorder in aged mice, and show neuroprotective effect. Methods: First part, forty 12 month old male Kunming(KM) mice were divided into group N and group D: Normal saline group (group N), Dexmedetomidine group (group D). Second part, sixty 12-month-old male KM mice were divided into the following three groups: Normal saline group (group N), Lipopolysaccharide group (group LPS) and Dexmedetomidine + Lipopolysaccharide group (group D + LPS). The mice in group D + LPS were given dexmedetomidine, and given LPS intraperitoneally 2 h later. Mice underwent an oriented navigation test and a space exploration test in the Morris Water maze (MWM) test. The expression levels of Interleukin-6 ( IL-6), L-ferritin (FTL) and Transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) in hippocampus were detected by the Western blot analysis; the hippocampal hepcidin mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR(RT-PCR); the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus was measured using ROS test kit. Results: Dexmedetomidine improved the cognitive decline induced by LPS. Dexmedetomidine reduced the level of hippocampal IL-6, and it attenuated the increase in their levels caused by LPS. It had no effect on hippocampal hepcidin mRNA, FTL, TfR1 and ROS but it could attenuate the increase caused by LPS. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine has no effect on iron metabolism pathway, but it can improve the cognitive decline and the iron disorder by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The research indicates that dexmedetomidine plays a neuroprotective role.
46
Hossein-Zadeh, N. G. "Inbreeding effects on body weight traits of Iranian Moghani sheep." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 2 (October 10, 2012): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-171-2012.
Abstract:
Abstract. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of inbreeding on body weight at different ages in Moghani sheep. Traits included were birth weight (BW), 3-month weight (3MW), 6-month weight (6MW), 9-month weight (9MW), and yearling weight (YW). Data and pedigree information used in this study were collected at the Breeding Station of Moghani sheep, Iran during 1987-2005. All the animals were grouped into three classes according to the inbreeding coefficients obtained by their pedigree: the first class included non-inbred animals (F=0 %); and the second and third classes included inbred animals (00.10, respectively). Average inbreeding rate was 2.93 % in the pedigree of Moghani sheep. The BW of animals within second class of inbreeding was significantly higher than those of lambs belonging to the third class (P<0.05). The 3MW of animals within third class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of lambs belonging to the first and second classes. The 6MW of animals within third class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of lambs belonging to the first and second classes. Animals within third class of inbreeding had greater mean of 9MW than two other groups (P<0.05). Also, the YW of animals within second class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of lambs belonging to the first and third classes. The utilization of designed mating system could be a suitable approach to maintain the level of inbreeding under control.
47
Bugarski, Ivan, and Vujadin Ivanisevic. "Early mediaeval hoard of iron objects from Rujkovac and similar finds from the central Balkans." Starinar, no. 63 (2013): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1363131b.
Abstract:
By the village of Rujkovac in southern Serbia, one of the numerous local hillforts is situated. Since it has not been systematically explored, our knowledge of its history leans on an insight into the chance finds. On this occasion, we have opted to depict eight iron objects, probably coming from a damaged hoard. Thanks to four Hungarian-type stirrups which have already been published, the hoard from Rujkovac was dated to the second half of the tenth and the first half of the eleventh century. Similar finds from outside the Central Balkans are well studied, but there have been misinterpretations of their occurrence in this territory. The findings of tools from the Rujkovac hoard may be widely dated. The pickaxe belongs to Henning's class L1 the mattock to the class K8, the scythe to the I5 class, and the plowshare to the A3 class of the same typology. Both typologically and territorially, the closest finds come from a hoard of iron objects found at Strezevo by Bitola, Macedonia, but the presented estimations of its date have caused some confusion. It was Valery Jotov who rightly dated it to the second half of tenth and the first half of the eleventh century. Some other similar finds come from the Central Balkans, present-day Serbia and Macedonia, most of which were not sufficiently studied and were incorporated neither in Henning's 1987 corpus nor in Florin Curta's papers that followed (1997, 2011). It is hard to judge the date of some of the hoards. For instance, the Gamzigrad III hoard has been dated to the Late Antiquity, and the Jelica hoard perhaps to the early seventh century. We are open to the possibility that these hoards in fact come from the Early Middle Ages. The other hoards, found at Ada Ciganlija (Belgrade), Pontes, and in Macedonia are chiefly dated to the tenth and eleventh centuries. The Rujkovac and Strezevo hoards are ascribed to the military, the Gamzigrad II to the local smithy, and the rest of the hoards may have belonged to individuals rather than to communities. The prevailing agricultural character of these hoards is closely related to population growth in Byzantium at that time. The hoards testify to the renewal of life and metallurgical activities in the tenth and eleventh centuries in the southern part of the Central Balkans. The increase in money hoards speaks in favour of some economic renewal too. Our earlier conclusion, though with some reservations, was that both the Rujkovac and Strezevo finds came from a Byzantine context. We would suggest that the same could be stated for the rest of the hoards depicted in this paper.
48
Zykov, A. P., S. F. Koksharov, and E. R. Maslennikov. "Typology of the medieval axes from the north of Western Siberia." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3 (50) (August 28, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-50-3-6.
Abstract:
The paper presents the results of the research on the Middle Ages iron axes found in different years in the north of Western Siberia and the Urals, excluding pole-axe (berdysh Rus.) that appear in large numbers in the study area with the growing of the Russian population. The relevance of such study has matured, since there are enough sources that need to be generalized and critically compiled. Taking into account the morphological features of the archaeological evidence, the authors propose to classify all currently known axes by 2 groups and 13 types. The first group including 3 types of minting axes were made exclusively for combat use. The second group includes 10 types of axes, classified as universal, which served both for the military and for economic purposes. The text with the description of the sites contains also table with the data on the basic parameters of axes (item length, blade width) and the time of their use (existence). For the first time, a new type of battle axe (type 13), accidentally found in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Ugra, is published. We present analogues of this subject among the products of Russian blacksmiths of the 13th–14th centuries and explain the position on the dating and on origin of the axe. The paper discusses the evolution of certain types of objects, describes plots concerning the origin of certain items (imports from Volga Bulgaria, Russian lands, etc.) and the special attitude of the local population to this type of weapon, which could be stored for centuries in the holy places of the Ob Ugrians. The authors come to the conclusion that imported axes of the second group were used as a standard for Siberian blacksmiths. But local products, characterized by primitive technology (a multilayer package), low quality welding of iron strips and an abundance of slag inclusions, can be finally identified only after metallographic microstructural analysis. This research should be prolonged, because annual archaeological investigations replenish the source base, and, with no doubt, the typology of axes proposed in the article will be supplemented and adjusted.
49
Begy, Róbert-Csaba, Szabolcs Kelemen, Hedvig Simon, and Claudiu Tănăselia. "The history of the sedimentation processes and heavy metal pollution in the Central Danube Delta (Romania)." Geochronometria 45, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0090.
Abstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Iron Gates (IG) hydroelectric power station on the Danube Delta sediment dynamics, and to assess the heavy metal concentrations and pollution in a typical Central Danube Deltaic lake. Eight sediment cores were analysed. The total 210Pb content was measured with 210Po using alpha spectrometry, and the supported 210Pb (226Ra) and 137Cs were measured by gamma spectrometry. The age depth model was derived by applying the 210Pb dating method, and for the calculation of the ages and the sedimentation rates the CRS model was used. The sedimentation rates can be divided into four periods:1940–1972, 1972–1980, 1972–1989 and 1989–2013. In the case of Lake Iacob in the first period, the average sedimentation rate was 0.418 g/cm2y, while in the second it slowly decreased to 0.376 g/cm2y. In the third period, the sedimentation fell to 0.209 g/cm2y, which means the retention of 27.3% of the sediment by the IG dam. In the case of Lake Isac the changes were more visible: in the first period the average sedimentation rate was 0.446 g/cm2y, while in the second it decreased to 0.197 g/cm2y, which means a 42.35% retention of sediment. In the last period, in both cases, a high increase in the sedimentation rate is shown: 0.677 g/cm2y for Lake Iacob and 0.715 g/cm2y for Lake Isac. The heavy-metal concentrations for As, Co, Cr and Ni show decreasing and Hg increasing tendencies, while Cd and Pb show constant values of 310 ± 12 ppb and 9 ± 1 ppm respectively.
50
Venkatachalam, Prathima, and Quentin Hill. "Transfusion Requirements IN RED CELL Disorders." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4193.4193.
Abstract:
Abstract Abstract 4193 Introduction The management of red cell disorders especially Thalassaemias is a fine balance between adequate transfusion and maintainence of Ferritin levels within a threshold. To achieve this, UK thalassaemia guidelines advice : Study Is a retrospective audit to check if the above standards are met. The study period was 1 year (Jan –Dec 2008) ;the cohort being 12 patients(ages ranging from 22 to 46),10 with Beta thalassaemia major, 1 thalassaemia intermedia and 1 with erythropoietic porphyria. Data 1.pretransfusion Hb 64%transfusions had a mean pretransfusion Hb>10. 2. Mean Ferritin levels : Treatment allocation 3 patients: had cardiac + liver iron overload & ferritin>5000, were initially on Deferasirox, but later swapped to desferol and deferiprone combination based on MR T2*results. 3 patient s : had cardic and liver iron overload -2 had associated endocrine dysfunction with Ferritins >2000;the first was already on Desferol, Deferiprone was added to this. The second was on Desferol +Deferiprone combination with little response, was changed to Deferasirox increased upto 30 mg/kg, however the Ferritin levels showed a progressive rise and patient was considered for trial (Deferasirox40 mg/kg Vs Desferol). 1 patient had a Ferritin<1500 on Deferasirox, and continued the same. 3 Patients : had neither cardiac or liver iron overload, but had endocrine dysfunction.2 of them had Ferritins around 1500 and were on Deferasirox which was continued .The third patient stopped Deferasirox when Ferritin dipped<500,and restarted at a lower dose(from 20 mg to 10 mg/kg) when the Ferritin levels crept up to >800. 2 patients: had liver iron overload, no cardiac overload, 1st patient having a ferritin <1500, on Deferasirox and continued on the same. The second had Ferritin >5000, hypersplenism (spleen 19 cms on ultrasound)frequent transfusion requirements(>330 mls/kg/year) and pancytopenia on Desferol was considered for Splenectomy. 1patient: with clostrophobia was reluctant to undergo MR scanning, was commenced on Desferol + Deferoprone combination based on ferritin levels>4000. Monitoring: All patients had monthly complete blood count,liver, kidney and endocrine function tests; and annual MR T2* imaging of heart / liver and ophthalmology and audiology assesments. Those with cardiac iron overload had cardiology followup .Those with liver iron overload had annual alphafetoprotein levels and Liver ultrasound. 3.Splenectomy : 42%(5/12)patients had a transfusion requirement of >200mls/kg/year. DISCUSSION Of the 12 patients:1 had regular 3 weekly transfusions,regardless of the Hb;3 patients were transfused on prewritten regimes designed at least 2 years earlier and lacked modification to current iron status.8 patients were transfused on a symptomatic basis-the most common symptom being ‘tiredness’-2 had left ventricular ejection fraction<50%,1 chronic fatigue syndrome,3 insulin dependant diabetes with high HBA1c levels,1 had hypocalcemia with a subsequent diagnosisof Hypoparathyroidism ; and 1 patient had sexual dysfunction with some improvement post transfusion. Clearly all 8 patients had other causes attributable to their ‘tiredness’. Treatment allocation / monitoring was100% in keeping with guidelines,but the incidence of cardiac / liver iron overload in 66% and Ferritin levels >1500 in 75% of the patients could be improved by :strictly adhering to pretransfusion Hbs 9 to 10.5,reviewing prewritten transfusion regimes in the context of current iron overload,careful exclusion of other causes of symptoms ;avoiding transfusing patients purely on a 3 / 4 weekly basis .Lastly Splenectomy needs consideration in those with transfusion requirments>200mls/kg/yr. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.