Journal articles: 'First-aid principles'

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Unzhakov, V. V., and Ye S. Kim. "Basic principles of first aid." Public health of the Far East Peer-reviewed scientific and practical journal 1 (2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33454/1728-1261-2020-1-67-72.

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Dibirov, M. D., L. V. Domarev, E. A. Shitikov, A. I. Isayev, and G. S. Karsotiyan. "Principles «cliff» pancreatic necrosis in a first-aid hospital." Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova, no. 1 (2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2017173-77.

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Mullineaux, Elizabeth. "Principles of triage and first aid in wildlife casualties." Companion Animal 22, no. 6 (June 2, 2017): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2017.22.6.350.

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Reimers, Jan N. "Can first principles calculations aid in lithium-ion battery design?" Journal of Power Sources 54, no. 1 (March 1995): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02033-y.

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Krzyszkowska, Ewelina, and Bartosz Wanot. "First aid awareness in the society." HIGHER SCHOOL’S PULSE 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1582.

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Introduction: Every member of the society should possess first aid skills and knowledge thereof. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine public awareness of first aid, sudden cardiac arrest and the Automated External Defibrillator. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using an anonymous and voluntary on-line survey. The study population comprised of 250 subjects. The results were analysed using the t-Student test, F Test and Chi2 test. Results: The analysis of the study results showed that 164 respondents, who gave 9 to 11 correct answers, had a good level of knowledge. 80 respondents had the average level of knowledge, as shown by 6 to 8 correct answers. 6 respondents had insufficient level of knowledge, as they gave less than 6 correct answers to questions included in the survey. Conclusions: The principles and techniques on first aid are known to the public, as indicated by the fact that more than half of the respondents have a good level of knowledge.

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Магаррамлі, Е. В. "СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ НАДАННЯ БЕЗОПЛАТНОЇ ПРАВОВОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В УКРАЇНІ." Збірник наукових праць ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди "Право", no. 30 (2019): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23121661.2019.30.14.

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The author proposes two approaches to systematizing the principles of legal assistance. The first approach is based on regulatory frameworks reflecting government policy in this area. The second approach represents a broad system of providing free legal aid, which consists of the following elements: 1) general legal (constitutional) principles, 2) industry principles, 3) principles of state policy in the field of providing free legal aid; 4) subjective principles; 5) international principles and standards of legal assistance.

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Kaplunenko, Yaryna. "Psychological First Aid: Experience of International Organizations." Psychology and Psychosocial Interventions 3 (March 3, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2348.2020.3.36-41.

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The turbulent shocks of recent decades—man-made and natural disasters, political instability, pandemics, and military conflicts—highlight the need for psychosocial support for victims. To plan and train those who can provide it, a number of guidelines have been developed at the global and national levels, within international medical organizations that can minimize the impact of the crisis and start the recovery process. The article presents the definition of the concept of Psychological First Aid (PFA), describes the key aspects, structure, time limits, and principles of activity; a description of three leading models of first psychological assistance in the context of international medical organizations: the World Health Organization (WHO), Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF), and the Johns Hopkins Center for Public Health Preparedness, USA. The RAPID model of first aid and key competencies for psychosocial workers involved in helping victims are described. The principles and techniques of PFA meet four basic standards: they are based on the results of research of risks and resilience after injury; they are practical and suitable for use in the “field”; they meet the age characteristics of development; they take into account cultural differences. The chronogram of mental reactions to a stressful event and the provision of PFA to victims within international medical organizations is divided into four phases which should be taken into account in the organization of psychosocial support. The RAPID model is based on five aspects designed to alleviate acute stress: Rapport and Reflective listening; Assessment of needs; Prioritization; Intervention; Disposition. If control over bodily reactions, emotions, and thoughts in the victims are restored, the narrative of the event is completed and accompanied by appropriate reactions, emotions are accepted, self-esteem and self-confidence are restored, and a sense of the future appears, we can say that the person has successfully adapted to the traumatic event and is ready to move on.

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Lysenko, K. I., L. I. Dezhurnyi, and G. V. Neudakhin. "SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING SYSTEM OF PROVIDING FIRST AID CARE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 67, no. 3 (March 23, 2012): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v67i3.179.

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The article is devoted to evaluation of situation with providing fist aid in the Russian Federation. It discusses the necessity to establish first aid system in the Russian Federation and formulates its principles. The need in establishing such system is caused by necessity to draw a wide range of persons, including those who are not medically educated, to provide first aid service to patients. Also substantiated the need of development and adoption of the legislation that adjusts different aspects of first aid, as well as alteration in a current legislation. Proved the necessity of establishment and functioning of the intersectional coordination council. Consideration is given to principles of functioning of the training system for first aid providers. Principles, which will help to provide them with first aid tools, are substantiated.

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Szpringer, Monika, Olga Komendacka, Justyna Kosecka, and Bogumił Sobczyk. "Assessment of knowledge of the principles of provision of first aid among drivers." Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu 20, no. 3 (October 9, 2014): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20834543.1124654.

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BAYAGELDİ KILIÇ, Nurhayat. "Psychological First Aid and Practice Principles in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Process." Bezmialem Science 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14235/bas.galenos.2020.4472.

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Watson, Patricia J., and Arieh Y. Shalev. "Assessment and Treatment of Adult Acute Responses to Traumatic Stress Following Mass Traumatic Events." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 2 (February 2005): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019465.

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ABSTRACTAssessment and treatment of acute responses to traumatic stress has received much attention since September 11, 2001. This article elucidates principles of early intervention with adults in the immediate (within 48 hours) and early recovery phase (within the first week). The principles have been drawn from research on risk and recover factors, stress and traumatic stress theory, and expert consensus recommendations. The debriefing model is discussed, and principle interventions of psychological first aid, pharmacology, and mass trauma systems are described. This article concludes with brief guidelines for longer-term interventions and recommendations for future research.

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Nellist, Jennifer M. "Equine behavioural first aid and combatting stress in equines." UK-Vet Equine 5, no. 3 (May 2, 2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2021.5.3.129.

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Behavioural first aid is for the prevention of harm to equids and humans. The need for behavioural first aid is either immediately apparent on examination or requested by a client because of the occurrence of undesirable and/or dangerous behaviour. Delivering effective first aid advice relies on recognising the problem, providing immediate, practical interim solutions, or referral to an appropriate behavioural practitioner. Behaviour itself is related to the equine's social and environmental situation, its emotional experience and the behavioural goal. Challenging behaviour is often related to lack of predictability or control in the equine's life, caused by sub-optimal management or during exposure to painful, frightening or confusing equitation practices that do not adhere to the principles of learning theory. The goal of behavioural first aid is to preserve the safety and welfare of the equine and their human connections until the animal is referred on. As such, being able to undertake behavioural first aid should be considered a valuable skill and an asset to modern equine veterinary practice.

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Nesterova, Anastasia Vladimirovna. "The principle of reciprocity in international cooperation in cases of administrative offences." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 1 (January 2021): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2021.1.35465.

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The subject of this research is the principle of reciprocity. This principle is perhaps one of the first principles of international law that remains unchanged up until today. The scientific literature studies the essence of the principle of reciprocity in correlation with one or another institution (legal aid in criminal cases, legal aid in cases of administrative offenses, recognition of foreign bankruptcy, enforcement of the decisions of foreign courts, etc.), as an element of private or public international law. The principle of reciprocity also characterizes the process of interaction between the legal subjects. In the Russian legislation, the principle of reciprocity is implemented for regulation of international cooperation in civil, criminal, and administrative cases. The author’s special contribution consists in determination of certain essential characteristics of the principle of reciprocity and its role within the system of principles of administrative law of the Russian Federation; as well as in examination of the practice of its application. The principle of reciprocity is identified with certain imperative rules or universal behavioral norms. In the international law, the principle of reciprocity correlates with such concepts as “jus cogens” or “peremptory norms”, as well as “comitas gentium”. Among the principles of administrative law of the Russian Federation , it can be attributed to the procedural principles in cases of administrative offenses. The analysis of case law demonstrates that application of the principle of reciprocity expands the opportunities for international cooperation in different spheres, namely in the absence of normative regulation or restrictions thereof.

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Oyen, Odd. "The On-Scene Medical Organization." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065158.

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Experiences from accidents show that the majority of critical injuries die within the first 1-4 h if they do not receive some appropriate medical treatment. The problems of an accident with many casualties is dealt with by: (a) maximum utilization of resources; and (b) sorting the tasks.By rapid and skillful evaluation, we may sort out the critical injuries and give priority for treatment and transport. Through experience we have learned the few and very simple principles of dealing with critical injuries: (a) rapid and sufficient first-aid at the scene, (b) rapid evacuation to a hospital, (c) efficient final treatment, and (d) the need for an effective system of communication between the scene, the ambulances and the hospital.The principle objective of medical first-aid on the scene of an accident is to stabilize the patient and to make him fit for transportation. Only thereafter is the most necessary temporary treatment carried out. The resuscitation must be continued during transportation. Qualified personnel with equipment must accompany critical injuries. During the last decades there has been a considerable development in the first-aid on the site. Each wounded individual must get the maximum benefit. This requires a high degree of field administration and co-ordination of medical activity on site. This may differ from country to country, but in general the principles will be the same.

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Jekic, Miodrag Lj. "Five Improved Methods of Emergency Care in Yugoslavia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044290.

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An Approach to First Aid Programming: The Yugoslavian Red Cross Society has had the unique opportunity to design, develop and commence implementation of a full National First Aid Service. The program is divided into four areas: (1) first aid skill components of existing programs; (2) student training courses; (3) leadership courses; and (4) public education. The movement toward a National First Aid Service has been rapid. The radical change in delivery systems, principles upon which the program is built, and the overall philosophy are recognized as potential risks but ones well worth taking.

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Shin, Dongwon, and Christopher Wolverton. "First-principles density functional calculations for Mg alloys: A tool to aid in alloy development." Scripta Materialia 63, no. 7 (October 2010): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.12.032.

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Bayala, Viviane, and Kemo Badiane. "China’s Aid and Smart Power in Africa: A Different Partnership and Cooperation Model." Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v8i1.17576.

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Essentially based on the analysis of documentary and oral sources collected in libraries and from networks, this paper reexamines the Chinese approach in the field of development aid. It is based on the premise that the Chinese aid policy in Africa combines realism and idealism to reach its foreign policy goals in Africa, and this singularity is firmly rooted in old-fashioned principles stemming from the Chinese strategic culture. To show this assertion is relevant, the article includes three sections. The first section analyzes the cultural principles which determine the Chinese foreign policy as a whole; whereas the last two sections explain their relevance on the realist and idealist dimensions of China’s aid policy in Africa. Finally, we discuss the implications of China’s approach in the field of development aid.

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Malanova, O. A., A. V. Gazaryan, N. S. Morozova, A. A. Mamedov, Yu A. Kozlitina, and A. V. Lapshova. "Assessment of the teachers’ level of knowledge about the principles of first aid for acute dental trauma." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 15, no. 4 (2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2020-4-81-85.

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Objective. To evaluate the level of knowledge about dental trauma injury and first aid skills among teachers of educational institutions by means of a survey in Moscow, Russia. Materials and methods. A questionnaire, consisting of 4 parts and including 20 questions. Several questions have multiple answers. The survey accepted 56 people from 4 educational institutions. Results. The study indicated the knowledge level of teachers to be quite low. Early help reduces the risk of complications. Conclusions. It is necessary to educate teachers on the theoretical and practical skills for this group of pathologies, to conduct further clinical research. Key words: dental trauma injury, teacher, first aid

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Büthe, Tim, Solomon Major, and André de Mello e. Souza. "The Politics of Private Foreign Aid: Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organizational Interests in NGO Private Aid Allocation." International Organization 66, no. 4 (October 2012): 571–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818312000252.

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AbstractA large and increasing share of international humanitarian and development aid is raised from nongovernmental sources, allocated by transnational NGOs. We know little about this private foreign aid, not even how it is distributed across recipient countries, much less what explains the allocation. This article presents an original data set, based on detailed financial records from most of the major U.S.-based humanitarian and development NGOs, which allows us for the first time to map and analyze the allocation of U.S. private aid. We find no support for the common claim that aid NGOs systematically prioritize their organizational self-interest when they allocate private aid, and we find only limited support for the hypothesis that expected aid effectiveness drives aid allocation. By contrast, we find strong support for the argument that the deeply rooted humanitarian discourse within and among aid NGOs drives their aid allocation, consistent with a view of aid NGOs as principled actors and constructivist theories of international relations. Recipients' humanitarian need is substantively and statistically the most significant determinant of U.S. private aid allocation (beyond a regional effect in favor of Latin American countries). Materialist concerns do not crowd out ethical norms among these NGOs.

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Lang, Sandra M., Thorsten M. Bernhardt, Denis M. Kiawi, Joost M. Bakker, Robert N. Barnett, and Uzi Landman. "Cluster size and composition dependent water deprotonation by free manganese oxide clusters." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 23 (2016): 15727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00779a.

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Vibrational spectroscopy and first-principles calculations reveal basic concepts of the interaction between manganese oxide clusters and water which could aid the future design of artificial water-splitting molecular catalysts.

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Spanos, G., A. B. Geltmacher, A. C. Lewis, J. F. Bingert, M. Mehl, D. Papaconstantopoulos, Y. Mishin, A. Gupta, and P. Matic. "A methodology to aid in the design of naval steels: Linking first principles calculations to mesoscale modeling." Materials Science and Engineering: A 452-453 (April 2007): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.110.

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Uppal, Harpreet S., Alwyn R. D’Souza, and David W. Proops. "Osseo-integration in Paget’s disease: the bone-anchored hearing aid in the rehabilitation of Pagetic deafness." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 115, no. 11 (November 2001): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215011909549.

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The first report of a patient with gross Paget’s disease and progressive hearing loss who successfully underwent hearing rehabilitation with an osseo-integrated hearing aid is presented. The otological manifestations of Paget’s disease and the principles of osseo-integration are discussed. The use of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in selected patients with Paget’s disease can provide useful amplification and hearing rehabilitation.

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Jang, Jae Hoon, In Gee Kim, and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. "First-Principles Calculations and the Thermodynamics of Cementite." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3319.

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Thermodynamic data for the substitution of silicon and manganese in cementite have been estimated using first-principles methods in order to aid the design of steels where it is necessary to control the precipitation of this phase. The need for the calculations arises from the fact that for silicon the data cannot be measured experimentally; manganese is included in the analysis to allow a comparison with its known behaviour. The calculations for Fe3C, (Fe11Si4c)C4, (Fe11Si8d)C4, (Fe11Mn4c)C4 and (Fe11Mn8d)C4 are based on the total energy all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory. The output includes the ground state lattice constants, atomic positions and bulk moduli. It is found that (Fe11Si4c)C4 and (Fe11Si8d)C4 have about 52 and 37 kJ greater formation energy when compared with a mole of unit cells of pure cementite, whereas the corresponding energy for (Fe11Mn4c)C4 and (Fe11Mn8d)C4 is less by about 5 kJ mol1. These results for manganese match closely with published trends and data; a similar comparison is not possible for silicon but we correctly predict that the solubility in cementite should be minimal.

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Jarzynka, Sylwia, Katarzyna Błachnio, Michał Piskor, and Anna Mikler-Chwastek. "Competences of preschool children in the provision of first aid - results of a pilot study." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 588, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9124.

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Teaching basic first aid activities is one of the most important area of children`s health education. The aim of the study was to analyse the educational effects of the pilot implementation of the author's curriculum in the provision of premedical first aid for preschool children. The knowledge and skills of pre-schoolers in the provision of first aid were analysed. The research was carried out in a private kindergarten in Warsaw. As a result, the knowledge and skills of preschool children about the principles of providing first aid was insufficient. After conducting the educational program, the level of knowledge and skills of children in this area increased significantly. Educational programs introduced as early as possible, already at the stage of preschool education, can contribute to greater awareness of health-related attitudes, may affect the skills of recognizing, responding to and providing basic rescue operations, and may influence the attention to the important role of health education.

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Zyuz, V., T. Babich, and V. Balukhtina. "Training students basis of first provision health care." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(123) (July 28, 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).13.

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It is known that in connection with the untimely provision of medical assistance in case of disasters, incidents, any events where there are victims, up to 30% of victims die in the first hour, up to 70% in 3:00, and up to 90% in 6:00. Usually the life and health of the victim depends on first aid by persons without special medical education. The high level of injuries is always alarming, therefore it is very important to be able to prevent injuries, and the ability to provide first-aid medical care is a necessary knowledge for all specialists – university graduates. First aid is a set of urgent measures taken in case of accidents and sudden illnesses aimed at terminating the harmful factor, eliminating life-threatening phenomena, alleviating suffering and preparing the victim to be sent to a medical institution. It is essential that each student be aware of the essence, principles, rules and sequence of first aid. The article is a brief guide to the first aid in emergency situations in different circumstances, and can also be used in the educational process to prepare students who do not have a medical education, but are required to be able to provide first aid. The solution of this problem requires the development and implementation of modern scientifically based information on injury prevention and untimely first aid. In order to increase the effectiveness of first aid, the article offers instruction on knowledge and skills, which is developed in accordance with the program of the course «Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge» and «The Course of Medical Training for Rescuers», which is approved by the Medical Directorate of Ukraine MSC, which should be laid out for students at the life safety basics classes.

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Slabe, Damjan, Rok Fink, Eva Dolenc, and Andreja Kvas. "Knowledge of health principles among professionals in Slovenian kindergartens." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0024.

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Abstract Objectives Preschool children have significant health issues. From the relevant legislation and regulations, it can be seen that kindergarten teachers (KTs) and kindergarten teacher assistants (KTAs) are expected to be familiarwith the basic hygienic measures and steps for preventing injuries and illnesses, to recognize infectious diseases, and to know how to give the first aid. To gain these skills, a continuous life-long learning is necessary, because the characteristics of diseases are changing. Study design: original research. Methods 45 kindergartens in Slovenia were randomly selected and a questionnaire with 17 questions on health themes was sent. An analysis was performed via SPSS 17.0, using descriptive methods and nonparametric χ2 tests. Results There were 774 participants, of whom 56% were KTs and 44% KTAs. The share of KTs and KTAs who consider their knowledge of health principles to be very good or excellent is 67%. Their estimation of first aid knowledge is lower. They are also well aware of the importance of health knowledge in their work; a total of 87% strongly agree with this. The results also show that they are familiar with hygiene principles. The χ2 test showed there are certain statistically characteristic connections between the age of teachers and their assistants, occupation and work experiences. Conclusions Because children are a particularly vulnerable group, teachers can encounter injuries and sudden illnesses at their work. Supplementary education is necessary among skilled workers in educational institutions, including kindergartens.

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Capone, Georgina, Louise Braham, Thomas Schroder, and Nima Moghaddam. "Perceptions of therapeutic principles in a therapeutic community." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 38, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-02-2017-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore staff and service users’ perceptions of therapeutic principles within a unique male high secure learning disability therapeutic community (LDTC). Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted using deductive content analysis and inductive thematic analysis. In total, 12 participants took part in a semi-structured interview to explore their perceptions of Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles and any further additional therapeutic features in the environment not captured by the theory. Findings All five quintessence principles were identified in the LDTC environment. Some limits to the principle of “agency” were highlighted, with specific reference to difficulties implementing a flattened hierarchy in a forensic setting. Additional therapeutic features were identified including; security and risk, responsivity, and more physical freedom which appear to aid implementation of the quintessence principles. Research limitations/implications The study was performed within a single case study design. Therefore, results remain specific to this LDTC. However, the finding of these principles in such a unique setting may indicate Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles are evident in other TC environments. Originality/value This is the first research paper that has attempted to test whether Haigh’s (2013) quintessence principles are evident within a given therapeutic community. The research provides empirical evidence for the quintessence principles in a novel TC setting and suggests recommendations for future research.

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Eggleston, Robert G., and Randall D. Whitaker. "Work Centered Support System Design: Using Frames to Reduce Work Complexity." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (September 2002): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600310.

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We have been developing user interface clients as fully integrated support systems. A Work Centered Support System aids work by using direct and indirect, passive and active methods. An important property of WCSS systems is the use of form representations as passive devices to help reduce work complexity while simultaneously aid users in adaptive problem solving. Based on our experience implementing the design of three WCSSs we have distilled a set of three form-based design principles that help insure a work-centered perspective is expressed in the interface and that aid problem solving. These principles connect problem-solving objects with work domain objects at different levels of abstraction, utilize a first-person work ontology, and organize information selection and layout based on problem relationships. This paper describes the principles and uses illustrations from our designs to indicate how they reduce work complexity.

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Urbanek, R. "Principles and priorities of Occupational Health at Procter & Gamble Company." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 4 (May 22, 2019): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-4-227-228.

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Th e approach of Procter & Gamble Company to health at workplace is presented. Th e priorities include commitment to «save a life» in terms of early and best First Aid availability, full legal compatibility of the occupational health systems in place, the high quality of entry and regular medical checks, protection of employee health in relation to specifi c technologies and maintaining positive relationship and interface with employees. Structure of Company medical services is also briefl y described.

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De Jong, Maarten, Rangan K. Dutta, Marcel H. F. Sluiter, Alexis G. Miroux, Sybrand van der Zwaag, Jilt Sietsma, and Pedro E. J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo. "First-Principles and Genetic Modelling of Precipitation Sequences in Aluminium Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.285.

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Aluminium alloys display complex phase transitions to achieve their desired properties.Many of these involve elaborated precipitation sequences where the main role is not played by ther-modynamically stable species, but by metastable precipitates instead. An interplay between phasestability, crystal symmetry, diffusion, volume and particle/matrix interfaces sets the pace for the ki-netics. Thermodynamic modelling, which focuses on stable precipitates, is not an aid in describingsuch processes, as it is usually transitional phases that achieve the desired properties. The model pre-sented here combines first--principles to obtain the transition precipitate energetics (both at the bulkand at the interface with the matrix) with thermochemical databases to describe the overall kineticsof stable precipitates. Precipitate size and number density are captured via the Kampmann--Wagnernumerical approach, which is embedded in a genetic algorithm to obtain optimal compositional andheat treatment scenarios for the optimisation of the mechanical properties in aluminium alloys of the 7000 series.

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Mylvaganam, Kausala, Wei Dong Liu, and Liang Chi Zhang. "First Principles Calculations of Stress-Induced Structural Changes of Supercooled Borosilicate Glass." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.399.

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Unlike the traditional silicate glasses, borosilicate glasses behave differently because of the addition of boron atoms. Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the abnormal function of boron in glass network. However, it is not clear how the atomic structure of borosilicate glass changes under loading. This paper investigates the behaviour of borosilicate glass under uniaxial compression with the aid of ab initio simulations. Sodium borosilicate glass having 160 atoms and a mass density of 2.51 g/cm3 with composition 3Na2O-B2O3-6SiO2 were equilibrated first at 3500K, then at 2500K, 1500K, 1200K, 1000K, 825K and 625K. Structural analysis showed that at higher temperatures the sodium borosilicate liquid does not have a specific structure. At around 825 K (i.e. around Tg), boron network and silicon network form and remain stable even at a temperature of 625 K. When the supercooled sample at 825K was subjected to uniaxial compression, the stress along the compression direction first increases and then decreases with a change in boron structure, which could modify the behaviour of the borosilicate glass.

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Sijbrandij, Marit, Rebecca Horn, Rebecca Esliker, Fiona O’May, Relinde Reiffers, Leontien Ruttenberg, Kimberly Stam, Joop de Jong, and Alastair Ager. "The Effect of Psychological First Aid Training on Knowledge and Understanding about Psychosocial Support Principles: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020484.

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Psychological first aid (PFA) is a world-wide implemented approach to helping people affected by an emergency, disaster, or other adverse event. Controlled evaluations of PFA’s training effects are lacking. We evaluated the effectiveness of a one-day PFA training on the acquisition and retention of knowledge of appropriate responses and skills in the acute aftermath of adversity in Peripheral Health Units (PHUs) in post-Ebola Sierra Leone. Secondary outcomes were professional quality of life, confidence in supporting a distressed person, and professional attitude. PHUs in Sierra Leone (n = 129) were cluster-randomized across PFA (206 participants) and control (202 participants) in March 2017. Knowledge and understanding of psychosocial support principles and skills were measured with a questionnaire and two patient scenarios to which participants described helpful responses. Professional attitude, confidence, and professional quality of life were assessed using self-report instruments. Assessments took place at baseline and at three- and six-months post-baseline. The PFA group had a stronger increase in PFA knowledge and understanding at the post-PFA training assessment (d = 0.50; p < 0.001) and at follow-up (d = 0.43; p = 0.001). In addition, the PFA group showed better responses to the scenarios at six-months follow-up (d = 0.38; p = 0.0002) but not at the post-assessment (d = 0.04; p = 0.26). No overall significant differences were found for professional attitude, confidence, and professional quality of life. In conclusion, PFA training improved acquisition and retention of knowledge and understanding of appropriate psychosocial responses and skills in providing support to individuals exposed to acute adversity. Our data support the use of PFA trainings to strengthen capacity for psychosocial support in contexts of disaster and humanitarian crisis. Future studies should examine the effects of PFA on psychosocial outcomes for people affected by crises.

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Mannakkara, Sandeeka, and Suzanne Jane Wilkinson. "Supporting post-disaster social recovery to build back better." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2013-0019.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a set of principles for implementation of successful post-disaster social recovery in-line with the concept of “building back better” (BBB). Design/methodology/approach – A set of preliminary principles for post-disaster social recovery was established from literature review. The 2009 Victorian Bushfires was chosen as a case study to examine the implemented social recovery approaches and impacts. Findings – Analysis of the literature and case study have led to the creation of a set of modified BBB principles for social recovery under two categories, first, community support and, second, community involvement. Key principles under first category include: providing personalized support for affected families, specialized support for vulnerable groups and improved psychological support; building community cohesion; and keeping the community informed. Key principles under second category include: involving the community in designing and implementing recovery projects; providing support to the community; and maintaining full transparency. Research limitations/implications – This study focusses on one case study. The appropriateness and applicability of the proposed principles can be further tested using a range of different case studies in both developed and developing countries. Practical implications – The principles presented should be incorporated into post-disaster social recovery programmes implemented by governments. Originality/value – This research takes a unique look at drawing from international experiences to form a set of practical and universal principles to aid post-disaster social recovery as an important part of BBB.

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Macdonald, K. A., C. Matthew, C. B. Glassey, and N. Mclean. "Dairy farm systems to aid persistence." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3199.

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This manuscript reviews fundamental pasture management principles relevant to pasture persistence. We first note some points of context, within which the debate on pasture persistence is occurring: the release of new pasture cultivars, the debate about climate change, and the effects of newly introduced weeds and pests. We then examine trends in farm practice. The critical management period (of most concern to farmers) has shifted from winter/autumn to summer. It is essential that farmers have and use sets of decision rules to govern when and how hard to graze, when to supplement and when to remove cows from pasture to allow pastures to be grazed appropriately to aid pasture persistence. Adaptations available to improve pasture persistence include: the use of nitrogen fertiliser to increase feed supply going into the summer, the use of crops or other feed supplements, stocking rate and on-off grazing to ensure the pastures are appropriately grazed in the summer. New pastures must be treated with care in their first year of life to ensure survival. The response of farmers to these variables to aid persistence of pastures is discussed. Keywords: climate, insect pests, pasture growth model, pasture renewal, weeds

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Yamamoto, Tomoyuki, Yoshitada Kawashima, Yasuyuki Kusakabe, Shigeru Matsuda, Yutaka Mizuoka, Yuki Nakade, and Toshihiro Okajima. "Local environment analysis of dopants in ceramics by x-ray absorption near-edge structure with the aid of first-principles calculations." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21, no. 10 (February 10, 2009): 104211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/10/104211.

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Moffat, Cameron. "Introduction to Military Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030697.

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In introducing this session on Military Medical Methods, I wish to set the scene. While the principles of First Aid and the methods of management of the injured are broadly the same in most scenarios, i.e. accidents and disasters do not occur in convenient places or at convenient times, there is one enormous difference with respect to Military affairs-casualties must be managed in the circumstances of war.

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Ardi, Zadrian. "An analysis of education principle implementation in an online counseling approach: a preliminary study based on analysis using the Rasch model." COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/0020190418720.

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Education is an important human activity, and a fundamental right of every human. There has been a continuous transformation of educational counseling methods and processes to improve them. However, research about the application of educational principles to long-distance counseling has not been available until now. This research aims to study the implementation of educational principles in the online counseling process with the Rasch model. The sample size of this study is 174 people, spread across Indonesia with varying demographics. The results of the study show that the application of educational principles in online counseling services significantly suppresses the problematic conditions of respondents. The study also examines how online counseling services serves as a quick help or first aid to problematic conditions experienced by clients. The implementation of the educational principles discussed in this study relates to the development of self-potential, self-control, personality development, independence development and development of self-intelligence and other skills.

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Obomanu, W., and H. G. Kennedy. "‘Juridogenic’ harm: statutory principles for the new mental health tribunals." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 9 (September 2001): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.9.331.

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The new Mental Health Act for England and Wales is likely to extend the powers of mental health review tribunals (MHRTs) by giving tribunals the power to approve all compulsory treatment (Department of Health, 1999a, b). The medical member may be dropped entirely from the tribunal's proceedings (Richardson & Machin, 2000). In Ireland, a proposed new Mental Health Act will introduce MHRTs for the first time (Calvert, 2000). The 1983 Mental Health Act contains no explicit statement of underlying principles, although some were introduced in the revised Code of Practice. The Expert Committee (Department of Health, 1999b) suggested that the new Act should specify broad principles where these would help in statutory interpretation, particularly because a range of practitioners working in different settings will be required to understand and implement its provisions. The Green Paper initially suggested that the proper place for setting out principles should be a Code of Practice, but ended by inviting comments on the principles proposed by the Expert Committee, and on whether inclusion of principles would aid interpretation of the new Act.

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Tang, Juan, and Longli Hai. "Construction and Exploration of an Intelligent Evaluation System for Educational APP through Artificial Intelligence Technology." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 05 (March 16, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i05.20293.

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To improve the evaluation accuracy of educational applications (APPs), the evaluation methods of educational APPs under artificial intelligence (AI) technology are explored. First, based on the principles of establishing evaluation indexes, the evaluation indexes for educational APPs are established. Second, an index evaluation system for educational APPs is constructed, and weights are assigned to the established evaluation indexes of educational APPs with the aid of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the availability and effectiveness of the established evaluation system are investigated through empirical analysis. The results show: Five first-level indexes and 20 second-level indexes have been established through the existing index establishment principles, and a framework for intelligent evaluation of educational APPs has been successfully constructed; AHP is utilized to calculate the weight of each index; among the first-level indexes, the weight ratios of the educational and scientific indexes of the educational APPs are larger, whose proportion exceeds 60%; among the second-level indexes, the educational objective, educational principle, and knowledge systematization account for the highest proportion; therefore, the intelligent evaluation system of education APPs is obtained; finally, the empirical analysis has revealed that the score given by the intelligent evaluation system and the actual score of users have a high consistency, which proves that the proposed intelligent evaluation system is feasible and effective. The proposed intelligent evaluation system can be used as the basis for the design of educational APPs to improve the values of educational APPs.

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Vlastarakos, Petros V., Alastair I. Cameron, and Thomas P. Nikolopoulos. "How Successful is the Fitting of Digital Hearing Aids? Implications for the Allocation of Resources within National Health Systems." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 96, no. 3 (March 2017): E33—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131709600323.

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We conducted a retrospective study to determine the success rate of initial fittings in digital hearing aid (DHA) users. We also addressed the implications of national health systems’ continuing to provide access to these devices. We identified 1,597 consecutively presenting adults who had undergone a first fitting or a new fitting (i.e., an upgrade from an analogue hearing aid in the first or second ear) of a behind-the-ear DHA during the previous year. We further sought to identify all nominal reprogram appointments that had taken place within 6 months after the first or new fitting, we found 460 such appointments (28.8%). Of these, 419 appointments had been for typical reasons other than patient dissatisfaction with the fitting itself—for example, poor hearing, a further hearing loss, an uncomfortably loud hearing aid level, difficulty with speech in noise, an imbalance between bilateral hearing aids, and a faulty or lost hearing aid. Only 41 of the 1,597 first or new fittings (2.6%) were considered unsatisfactory by patients and necessitated a follow-up reprogramming appointment. Overall, DHA fittings were generally successful, as most patients (1,137/1,597 [71.2%]) did not require any follow-up appointment during the study period. Principles of cost-effectiveness demand the maximum practicable efficiency in the utilization of resources to ensure the continuous delivery of high-quality audiologic services through national health systems. This can be achieved by scheduling group appointments to reduce costs and to increase the time allocated to fitting and training patients.

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Thérien, Jean-Philippe. "Le Canada et le régime international de l’aide." Études internationales 20, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702494ar.

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This article examines the conditions of production for Canadian policy in development and. Traditionally, analysis of Canadian aid has followed either a pluralistic, statist or neo-marxist theoretical approach. Noting the inadequacy of these forms of explanation, the author proposes an interpretation of Canadian aid based on the concept of « international community. » This concept can be defined as being the totality of decision-making principles, norms, rules and procedures that structure the expectations and behaviours of those involved in areas dealing with international relations. By resorting to this notion of international community, this study intends to demonstrate that the conditions of production for Canadian aid encompass two kinds of determinism. First, on the systemic level Canadian policy can be perceived as the result of external pressures to put in place an international aid community that contributes to regulating North-South relations. Second, on the national level Canadian aid can be seen as the product of internal power relationships which translate into pressures on the State to modify its participation in the international aid community so as to ensure the promotion of specific political interests.

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Kocharov, Eh G., L. V. Porkhun, and N. E. Klimova. "Routing of Medical Evacuation in System of Providing Emergency Medical Care to Patients and Victims in Emergency Situations in Stavropol Territory." Disaster Medicine, no. 4 (December 2020): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2070-1004-2020-4-70-73.

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The results of the implementation of the regional program "Improving road safety in the Stavropol territory" are presented. The organization of activity of 22 trauma centres in the Stavropol territory is considered. Schemes of delivery of victims of road accidents, principles and stages of successful routing in emergency situations are shown. The article analyzes the experience of the regional centre for disaster medicine in training various contingents in practical skills of first aid to victims with shock-inducing trauma.

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Prinsloo, S. "Tekslinguistiek: van teorie tot praktyk." Literator 23, no. 2 (August 6, 2002): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v23i2.333.

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Text linguistics: From theory to practice In this article it is argued that theory and practice are reconcilable in the case of text linguistics and the teaching of writing skills. First, text linguistics as a theoretical discipline is explained. Text linguistics, according to De Beaugrande and Dressler (1981), focuses on the seven constitutive principles, as well as the three regulative principles of textuality that determine the linguistic quality or standard of a text. The constitutive principles are cohesion, which in its turn, can be obtained by means of reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction and lexical cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, information, contextuality and intertextuality. The three regulative principles are efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness. This is followed by a discussion of the relationship between text linguistics and the teaching of writing skills. Knowledge of the principles of text linguistics enables the teacher of writing skills to evaluate texts and to make learners aware of the properties of a “good” text, resulting in effective communication. Text-linguistic concepts are then applied to texts created by Afrikaans second-language speakers. It is then indicated how knowledge of text-linguistic concepts can be an aid in the teaching of writing skills.

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Kingston, Suzanne. "The Polluter Pays Principle in EU Climate Law: an Effective Tool before the Courts?" Climate Law 10, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01001001.

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In EU law the polluter pays principle (ppp) enjoys constitutional status: Article 191(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (tfeu) enshrines it among the fundamental principles of the EU’s environmental policy. This article considers the legal status and development of the ppp in EU law, in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) and in EU policy, most recently in the EU’s Green New Deal. It goes on to identify three bodies of climate-related litigation where the ppp has been most influential to date: first, cases concerning the EU ets and emissions; second, cases concerning EU energy law; and third, cases concerning EU state-aid law. The conclusion reflects on the potential role of the ppp in other areas, including climate cases based on human and environmental rights, and climate cases brought against private parties.

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Feder, Martin E. "Aims of undergraduate physiology education: a view from the University of Chicago." Advances in Physiology Education 29, no. 1 (March 2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00028.2004.

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Feder, Martin E. Aims of undergraduate physiology education: a view from the University of Chicago. Physiology may play an important, if not essential role, in a liberal arts education because it provides a context for integrating information and concepts from diverse biological and extra-biological disciplines. Instructors of physiology may aid in fulfilling this role by clarifying the core concepts that physiological details exemplify. As an example, presented here are the core principles that are the basis for an undergraduate physiology course taught at the University of Chicago. The first of these is: Evolution has resulted in organisms comprising mechanisms for maintenance, growth, and reproduction, despite perturbations of the internal and external environment. Such principles necessitate a coupling of physiology to diverse disciplines (i.e., “sciomics”) and provide a basis for integrating discoveries in other disciplines.

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Campbell, Alastair V. "Mental Health Practice: Can Philosophy Help?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 11-12 (November 2005): 1008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01718.x.

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Traditionally, philosophy has been regarded as operating at a level above practical application. However, the discipline can offer mental health policy and practice some valuable aid. First, its logical rigour can help to clarify concepts and expose inconsistency and prejudice; second, its wealth of theory about morality can enrich the concepts that guide mental health practice. By avoiding simplistic solutions (such as reliance on the ‘four principles’ of biomedical ethics) those who turn to the discipline of philosophy may learn how to be more critical of accepted policies and practices.

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Duffield, Christine, and Finlay MacNeil. "The role of the Advanced Casualty Management Team in St John Ambulance Australia (New SouthWales District)." Australian Health Review 23, no. 1 (2000): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000090.

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St John Ambulance is a household name synonymous with the teaching and provision of firstaid. Recently the organisation has developed pre-hospital emergency care services through theintroduction of the St- John Ambulance Australia Advanced Casualty Management Team inNew South Wales. The Advanced Casualty Management Team represents a move away fromthe practice of first aid by lay personnel and is a natural extension of the traditional workand principles of St John Ambulance. This article provides an overview of the AdvancedCasualty Management Team and discusses its contribution to pre-hospital trauma caredelivery.

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Sukhobokova, Olha. "«Pope for Ukraine»: Humanitarian Aid from Vatican to Ukraine in the Face of Russian Aggression." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.13.

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The methodology of scientific research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, taking into account the basic principles of historical knowledge: historicism, science, objectivity,systematization. The principles of historicism and science have made it possible to recreate the circumstances and the process of raising funds and providing humanitarian aid to Ukraine by the Vatican. The principle of objectivity allowed us to critically analyze the source base, which was based on publications in the Ukrainian-language and Italian-language press and online publications. The principle of systematization allowed us to form a holistic picture of the Vatican’s assistance to Ukrainian citizens affected by hostilities in the east of the country. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time, on the basis of a wide source base, the reasons, course and results of the Vatican’s humanitarian action «Pope for Ukraine» are comprehensively considered. The author concludes that the assistance under the program was provided to the Ukrainian population in the frontline territories and the territory not controlled by Ukraine, in a number of regions of Ukraine, where migrants from the war-torn Luhansk and Donetsk moved. It was implemented by the technical committee and the secretariat both through partner organizations and certain local projects (for example, the reconstruction of social facilities in frontline cities), and provided targeted to families or individuals. The main areas of the assistance were solving urgent household problems of migrants and the population near and along the front line (heating and insulation of the house in winter, clothing), medical services and medicines, food, drinking water, basic necessities etc. Priority was given to children, large families, retirees, people with disabilities and other most vulnerable groups. In total, more than 881,000 Ukrainians were covered by the Vatican help during the whole period of the action. At the same time, the article focuses on the political and diplomatic significance of the «Pope for Ukraine» campaign, which has become a powerful signal to the European Union and the world to support Ukraine and counter Russian armed aggression.

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Pennegård, Ann Marie, and Anne Franzén. "The Convention on the Rights of the Child from a Swedish Perspective." International Journal of Legal Information 25, no. 1-3 (1997): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500008131.

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A little more than seventy years ago a pioneer for children's rights in England, displayed pictures of starving children in other parts of Europe damaged by the war. She was arrested for obscenity. However, people rallied to her support and an international movement for children's rights began to take shape.This new movement drafted the Declaration on the Rights of the Child which was adopted by the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1924. The first step towards international norms for the protection of children had been taken. The declaration only contained five principles of which the most important said that children should be the first to receive aid in case of an emergency situation.

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KIVIJÄRVI, HANNU, PETRI HALLIKAINEN, and ESKO PENTTINEN. "SUPPORTING IT IMPLEMENTATION DECISIONS WITH ANP — SUPPLIER SCHEDULING FOR e-INVOICING." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 03 (May 2012): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500101.

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Companies aim to make their supply chains more efficient by using modern information technology (IT). Owing to limited resources there is a need to prioritize IT projects and those generating the highest business value should be implemented first. In this paper, we first develop the theoretical foundations for the prioritization decision and then implement the theoretical principles by applying the ANP (analytic network process) approach. A model is developed to aid a buyer company in selecting prioritized suppliers for adopting electronic invoicing. The case company is a leading Finnish textile and clothing design company. The ANP approach is considered suitable for this type of decision problem with many interconnected decision-making criteria. As the result of the analysis, the prioritized suppliers, representing different supplier types in the case company, are determined. The results can be applied to schedule e-invoicing implementation projects among the supplier companies. Based on the case study it can be concluded that the theoretical principles and the ANP approach can also be applied to other IT implementation decisions concerning supply chain efficiency.

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Journal articles on the topic 'First-aid principles'

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