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Academic literature on the topic 'First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013"

1

Wu, Winnie, Katy Garcia, Sheila Chandrahas, Arham Siddiqui, Regina Baronia, and Yasin Ibrahim. "Predictors of Performance on USMLE Step 1." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 9, no. 39 (April 19, 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v9i39.813.

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Background 94% of program directors cited the USMLE Step 1 score as the most important factor in determining an applicant’s competitiveness for residency. Thus, medical students are motivated to attain the highest possible score. With the recent announcement of Step 1 switching to a pass/fail standard, it is important to analyze factors which predict meeting this goal. Objective To investigate the factors which can influence or predict performance on USMLE Step 1. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ERIC in 2019. The key words were “USMLE”, “Step-1”, “score”, “success” and “predictors.” The search included articles published between 2005 and 2019. Studies that did not focus on Step 1 outcome or allopathic medical students in the United States were excluded. Results 275 articles were found, 29 of which met our inclusion criteria. Analysis from these articles demonstrated that predictors of USMLE Step 1 score can be divided into unmodifiable and modifiable factors. Unmodifiable factors include gender, MCAT score, pre-clinical grades and NBME/CBSE scores. Modifiable factors include taking USMLE Step 1 within two months of completing pre-clinical courses, motivation from anxiety, multiple-choice questions completed, unique Anki cards seen and complete passes of First Aid for the USMLE Step 1. Conclusion Our review suggests that although students can focus on modifiable factors to increase their score, the energy expenditure required to increase Step 1 score by one point is unrealistic. This may have impacted the NBME’s decision to change Step 1 to a pass/fail exam.

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Picarsic, Jennifer, Jay S. Raval, and Trevor Macpherson. "United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Two-Digit Score: A Correlation With the American Board of Pathology First-Time Test Taker Pass/Fail Rate at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0240-ep.

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Context.—Factors that correlate with success or failure on the American Board of Pathology (ABP) examination are not known. Other medical residency programs have shown that standardized test scores correlate with specialty board examination scores; however, data from pathology programs are lacking. Objective.—To investigate whether the 2-digit score on step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) was correlated with ABP examination performance at a large university pathology program. Design.—Nine years of data (2001–2009) from pathology residents (n = 72) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was collected from existing files and deidentified. Step 1 USMLE 2-digit scores and ABP failure rates for first-time test takers were compared. Results are reported as the percentage of residents who failed either the anatomic pathology or clinical pathology part of the ABP examination in cohorts by their USMLE 2-digit score (≤80, 81–85, 86–89, ≥90). Results.—The rolling 5-year (2005–2009) ABP average failure rate for first-time test takers of the anatomic pathology examination was 3.1% (UPMC) and 14.1% (nationally); in clinical pathology, it was 13.8% (UPMC) and 23.6% (nationally). At UPMC, no resident failed the anatomic pathology or clinical pathology parts of the ABP examination if his or her 2-digit USMLE step 1 score was 90 or more across 9 years of training (2001–2009). Conclusions.—In the UPMC pathology program, 2-digit scores on USMLE step 1 of 90 or more and 80 or less were strong measures of ABP first-time pass/failure rates, whereas scores of 81 to 89 were less-accurate measures. The USMLE step 1 score is one of many criteria that can be used for screening applicants for a pathology residency program.

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Walsh, Colin. "First Aid for the USMLE STEP 1 2007: A Student to Student Guide." JAMA 298, no. 9 (September 5, 2007): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.9.1065-b.

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4

Saguil, Aaron, Ting Dong, Robert J. Gingerich, Kimberly Swygert, Jeffrey S. LaRochelle, Anthony R. Artino, David F. Cruess, and Steven J. Durning. "Does the MCAT Predict Medical School and PGY-1 Performance?" Military Medicine 180, suppl_4 (April 1, 2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00550.

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ABSTRACT Background: The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) is a high-stakes test required for entry to most U.S. medical schools; admissions committees use this test to predict future accomplishment. Although there is evidence that the MCAT predicts success on multiple choice–based assessments, there is little information on whether the MCAT predicts clinical-based assessments of undergraduate and graduate medical education performance. This study looked at associations between the MCAT and medical school grade point average (GPA), Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, observed patient care encounters, and residency performance assessments. Methods: This study used data collected as part of the Long-Term Career Outcome Study to determine associations between MCAT scores, USMLE Step 1, Step 2 clinical knowledge and clinical skill, and Step 3 scores, Objective Structured Clinical Examination performance, medical school GPA, and PGY-1 program director (PD) assessment of physician performance for students graduating 2010 and 2011. Results: MCAT data were available for all students, and the PGY PD evaluation response rate was 86.2% (N = 340). All permutations of MCAT scores (first, last, highest, average) were weakly associated with GPA, Step 2 clinical knowledge scores, and Step 3 scores. MCAT scores were weakly to moderately associated with Step 1 scores. MCAT scores were not significantly associated with Step 2 clinical skills Integrated Clinical Encounter and Communication and Interpersonal Skills subscores, Objective Structured Clinical Examination performance or PGY-1 PD evaluations. Discussion: MCAT scores were weakly to moderately associated with assessments that rely on multiple choice testing. The association is somewhat stronger for assessments occurring earlier in medical school, such as USMLE Step 1. The MCAT was not able to predict assessments relying on direct clinical observation, nor was it able to predict PD assessment of PGY-1 performance.

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Of journal "Morphologia", Editorial office. "First Aid for the USMLE® Step 1 2020 Thirtieth edition Authors: Tao Le, Vikas Bhushan." Morphologia 14, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.1.67-69.

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6

Liang, Mei, Laurie S. Curtin, Mona M. Signer, and Maria C. Savoia. "Understanding the Interview and Ranking Behaviors of Unmatched International Medical Students and Graduates in the 2013 Main Residency Match." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-14-00742.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Over the past decade, the number of unfilled positions in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Main Residency Match has declined by one-third, while the number of unmatched applicants has grown by more than 50%, largely due to a rise in the number of international medical school students and graduates (IMGs). Although only half of IMG participants historically have matched to a first-year position, the Match experiences of unmatched IMGs have not been studied. Objective We examined differences in interview and ranking behaviors between matched and unmatched IMGs participating in the 2013 Match and explored strategic errors made by unmatched IMGs when creating rank order lists. Methods Rank order lists of IMGs who failed to match were analyzed in conjunction with their United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores and responses on the 2013 NRMP Applicant Survey. IMGs were categorized as “strong,” “solid,” “marginal,” or “weak” based on the perceived competitiveness of their USMLE Step 1 scores compared to other IMG applicants who matched in the same specialty. We examined ranking preferences and strategies by Match outcome. Results Most unmatched IMGs were categorized as “marginal” or “weak”. However, unmatched IMGs who were non-US citizens presented more competitive USMLE Step 1 scores compared to unmatched IMGs who were US citizens. Unmatched IMGs were more likely than matched IMGs to rank programs at which they did not interview and to rank programs based on their perceived likelihood of matching. Conclusions The interview and ranking behaviors of IMGs can have far-reaching consequences on their Match experience and outcomes.

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Siatkowski, R., Shahzad Mian, Susan Cullican, Laura Green, Grace Sun, Evan Waxman, Laura Wayman, Julie Stoner, Xi Chen, and Steven Feldon. "Probability of Success in the Ophthalmology Residency Match: Three-Year Outcomes Analysis of San Francisco Matching Program Data." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 10, no. 01 (January 2018): e150-e157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673675.

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Objective To develop a probability model of matching into a US ophthalmology residency program using San Francisco Matching Program (SF Match) data. Design Retrospective data analysis of de-identified application and matching data. Participants Registrants for the 2013, 2014, and 2015 ophthalmology residency matches conducted by the SF Match. Methods Descriptive statistics of candidates, comparison of continuous and categorical variables between matched and nonmatched candidates, and linear regression modeling were performed. A recursive partitioning method was used to create a probability of matching algorithm. Main Outcome Measures Probability of successfully matching based on quantifiable candidate characteristics. Results Over the 3-year period, 1,959 individuals submitted an average of 64 applications and received a mean of nine interview invitations. The overall match rate was 71%, with 78% matching at one of their top five choices. Successful matches were more likely to occur in US medical school graduates (78% vs 20%, p < 0.001) and applicants on their first attempt (76% vs 29%, p < 0.001). The association between matching and number of programs applied became negative with > 48 applications. Probability of matching was “high” (> 80%) among US graduates with a step 1 United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) score >243 (regardless of number of programs applied to), a step 1 USMLE score of 231 to 243 who applied to at least 30 programs, and first-time applicants with a step 1 score >232. No international medical graduates or repeat applicants had a “high” probability of matching. Conclusions Although advice must be individualized for each candidate, applicants for ophthalmology residency who fall into a “high” probability of matching group are likely to be successful with applications to 45 or fewer programs. Applying to 80 or more programs should be considered for international medical graduates and/or applicants who are previously unmatched. Modification of the match application data form may allow more detailed analysis of variables such as Alpha Omega Alpha or Gold Humanism Honor Society membership, research activity, and composite evaluation on a standardized letter of recommendation.

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Kato, Takao, Sayako Hirose, Shogo Kumagai, Akihiko Ozaki, Sadayuki Matsumoto, and Moriaki Inoko. "Electrocardiography as the First Step for the Further Examination of Cardiac Involvement in Myasthenia Gravis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8058946.

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Introduction. Cardiac involvement of myasthenia gravis (MG) accompanies a poor prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ECG abnormality and cardiac involvement.Methods. Of 178 patients diagnosed with MG between 2001 and 2013 at our hospital, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive 58 patients who underwent both ECG and echocardiography and without underlying cardiovascular disease. ECG abnormalities were defined by computer-assigned Minnesota-codes. Cardiac damage was defined as either (1) ejection fraction (EF) <55% on echocardiography or (2) elevatedE/e′, the ratio of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus >8 on echocardiography.Results. Thirty-three patients (56.8%) had ECG abnormality. An elevatedE/e′was observed in patients with ECG abnormality compared to those without ECG abnormality (11.2±3.2,8.7±2.2, resp.,p=0.03). Among patients with ECG abnormality, 14 of 15 patients showed cardiac damage. Among patients without ECG abnormality, 6 of 33 patients showed cardiac damage (p=0.003). Reduced EF was observed in five patients (8.6%) with ECG abnormality and none in patients without ECG abnormality.Conclusions. ECG may aid as the first step for the further examination of cardiac damage in patients with MG.

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Lypson, Monica L., Paula T. Ross, Stanley J. Hamstra, Hilary M. Haftel, Larry D. Gruppen, and Lisa M. Colletti. "Evidence for Increasing Diversity in Graduate Medical Education: The Competence of Underrepresented Minority Residents Measured by an Intern Objective Structured Clinical Examination." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00050.1.

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Abstract Objective Some have commented that the limited number of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in United States' residency programs is due to a lack of qualified candidates. At the University of Michigan, an objective structured clinical examination is administered to incoming residents at the beginning of training to determine baseline competence. In this study we wanted to determine if competence differed for underrepresented minorities when compared to non-URM residents. Method The postgraduate orientation assessment, a 10-station examination, was developed that focused specifically on the knowledge and skills needed in the first 6 to 18 weeks of training. Stations assessed competence in informed consent, aseptic technique, evidence-based medicine, diagnostic images, critical laboratory values, cross-cultural communication, and Joint Commission requirements such as surgical fire safety, pain assessment, and management. We used various assessment measures including standardized patients, computer-based testing, and multiple-choice questions. Results Our study found no significant differences in overall mean scores between URM residents and all other residents for the 5 years during which we administered the examination, except for 2002. This stands in contrast to the consistently worse performances of URM students on USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge. Also, URM residents did not perform better or worse than their non-URM colleagues on standardized patient stations during the course of 5 years during which the examination was administered. Conclusions The postgraduate orientation assessment provides residency program directors with a standard format to measure initial clinical skills. When compared to incoming non-URM residents from a variety of medical schools, URM residents perform as well as other trainees. Our results may aid in the recruitment efforts of URM medical students into academic residency programs such as those at the University of Michigan.

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Alshikh, Mohammed Abd Almahamoud, Hassn Ibrahim M., Salah Abdel Rahman Salih, Ali Hussien Kadhim, and Khalid Abd Almageed M. "Adapatation of Sowing Date for Improving Sorghum Yield in Rainfed Areas in Sudan Using AQUACROP Model." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n8p220.

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Due to the rapid growth in world population, the pressure on water resources to feed the growing population is increasing. The Nile water share of Sudan is almost exploited; and agricultural production by rained water is threatened by the pressure of climate change. It is inevitable that the production per unit water consumed, the water productivity, must be increased to meet this challenge. This research therefore focuses on the benchmarking of physical water productivity in rain fed areas and gaining a better understanding of the temporal and spatial variations and the scope for possible improvement. A review of the available records and sources that provide measurements of crop-water productivity was consulted to assess plausible ranges of water productivity levels for rain fed Sorghum crop and to provide a first explanation for the differences that are found using AQUACROP model. As such this study may be considered as crucial step was to establish a water productivity database for the rain fed sorghum crop in the country. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which is the most important cereal crop in Sudan has been constrained by the detrimental effect of drought which has often caused food shortages. Almost 90% of the total sorghum cropped area is rain-fed, and 60% of that is in drought prone soil conditions. Spatial information on water use, crop production and water productivity will play a vital role for water managers to assess where scarce water resources are wasted and where in a given region the water productivity can be improved. Hence, a methodology has been developed in this study to quantify spatial variation of crop yield, evapotranspiration and water productivity using the AQUACROP model in five stations. The AQUACROP model is used to investigate optimum sowing date that result in maximization of grain yield.Benchmarking of rain fed Sorghum actual and potential grain efficiency in different agro-climate zones was made for the year 1979 to 2013. AQUACROP model was applied at five locations (Gedaref, Damazin, Dalang, El Fashir, and El Obyied) each representing an agro-climate zone. Causes of poor yield performance were investigated and consequently measures needed to improve performance were identified. The study indicates that increase in sorghum yields under historical climate conditions in the different studied stations is possible when early sowing is used and initial rain showers are utilized, yield decrease by 43% when sowing date is delayed from July 15 (the recommended date) to August 1. Stations with high rain fall (Damazin, Gadaref and Dalang) show little variations in inter-annual yields but with a tendency towards high yields, 3536, 3741, 3737 kg/fed for the above stations respectively compared to 2266 and 1086 kg/fed for El Obyied and El Fashir respectively at 15 June. The obtained WUE is lower in the driest regions (El Fashir, and El Obyied) and higher for those of high rain fall. To aid decision makers and crop growers in rain fed areas a set of recommendations for policy making and for future research were identified.

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Books on the topic "First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013"

1

Le, Tao. First aid for the USMLE step 1 2014: A student-to-student guide. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2014.

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First aid for the USMLE step 1 2007. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2007.

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Le, Tao. First Aid for the® USMLE Step 1 2008. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Le, Tao. First aid for the USMLE step 1 2010: [advice from students who aced the 2009 exam ; 1100+ frequently tested facts and mnemonics ; 24-pages full-color insert of high-yield images ; student ratings of 300+ review products]. 2nd ed. New York [u.a.]: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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Edward, Chu, and Hansen Jeffrey, eds. 1993 first aid for the boards: A student-to-student guide to the USMLE step 1. 3rd ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1993.

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013: First Aid USMLE. USA: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2012.

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2011 (First Aid USMLE). McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018. McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2016. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.

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Le, Tao, Joshua Klein, Anil Shivaram, Chirag Amin, and Vikas Bhushan. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1: 2003. Appleton & Lange, 2002.

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