Relevant bibliographies by topics / Firms

Academic literature on the topic 'Firms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Firms"

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Min, Heechul. "Importing and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Firms." Journal of Korea Trade 26, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2022.26.3.102.

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Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between firm productivity and importing intermediate inputs in the Korean manufacturing sector. Design/methodology - This paper tests the two related hypotheses on the relationship between importing and productivity for a sample of Korean manufacturing firms. We test the self-selection hypothesis by comparing pre-entry levels of productivity between importers and non-importers. We test the learning-by-importing hypothesis by employing propensity score matching with differencein- differences approach. Findings - Future importers are more productive than future non-importers years before they start to import, which supports the self-selection hypothesis. In contrast, there is no strong evidence for learning-by-importing. Originality/value - This paper is the first study to explore the relationship between importing and firm-level productivity for Korean firms. The results have an important implication on trade policies to lower or raise trade barriers in imported inputs.
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Verdu, Fabiane Cortez, and Fabio Aurélio De Mario. "Análise do Modelo ECD na Indústria de Oficinas Mecânicas em Foz do Iguaçu." Revista de Ciências Jurídicas e Empresariais 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2448-2129.2018v19n2p124-131.

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O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a conduta estratégica das oficinas mecânicas, dado o contexto de estrutura de mercado em que estão inseridas sob a ótica do Paradigma Estrutura-Conduta-Desempenho (ECD). Para tanto, a metodologia empregada foi qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso e o método de coleta ocorreu por entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado com um proprietário de uma firma em Foz do Iguaçu. Os resultados demonstram que, na percepção do proprietário da firma, existe uma competição no segmento, em alguns casos esta competição chega a ser desleal com as demais firmas do setor, uma vez que os incentivos do governo, praticamente, são nulos, enquanto que suas ações como redução de impostos e incentivos são prejudiciais às firmas do setor, pois possibilitam a troca de veículos de forma mais fácil ao consumidor, diminuindo a demanda das oficinas mecânicas. A mudança tecnológica dos componentes dos veículos também afeta a estrutura de mercado e, assim, exige com que as firmas se atualizem, comprometendo consequentemente o desempenho de oficinas, especialmente, das menores. Palavras-chave:Organização Industrial. Paradigma ECD. Estrutura de Mercado. Estratégias. Oficinas.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to characterize the strategic conduct of garages, given the market structure of the context in which they operate from the perspective of Paradigm Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP). Therefore, the methodology used was qualitative, through case study and the collection method occurred with semi-structured interview script with an owner of a firm in Foz do Iguaçu. The results show that under the perception of the firm's owner, there is competition in the segment, in some cases even being unfair to other firms in the sector; government incentives, are practically void, while their actions as tax cuts and incentives are harmful to firms in the sector, as they allow the exchange of easier consumer form of vehicles, reducing the demand for garages. Technological change of vehicle components also affects the market structure and thus influences how firms also update thus compromising the firm’s performance, especially the smallest ones. Keywords: Industrial Organization. Paradigm SCP. Market Structure. Strategies. Garages.
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Mohamad, Shafi, Abdurrahman Adamu Pantamee, Ooi Chee Keong, and Kwong Wing Chong Garrett. "Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Evidence from Listed Malaysian Firms." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 13, 2020): 3668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200690.

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Agyemang-Mintah, Peter. "Remuneration Committee governance and firm performance in UK financial firms." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(1-1).2016.05.

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This paper investigates the association between the Remuneration Committee (RC) on firm performance. The research uses a data span of 63 financial institutions for a period of 12 years. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Random Effects (RE) regression estimations are used. The ascertained empirical results indicate that the establishment of remuneration committee by the board is positively correlated to its performance, as measured by its Return on Assets (ROA), and is also statistically significant on the Market Value (MV) of the firm. Subsequent tests conducted show that presence of an RC had a positive and statistically significant correlation during the pre/post global financial crisis on the ROA of the firm. The MV measure during the pre-crisis indicates a positive and statistically significant impact, but only positive during the post-crisis. The findings are robust across econometric models that control for different types of endogeneity. The outcome indicates that the establishment of an RC by the board assisted in achieving a positive impact on the profitability of UK financial institutions
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Hoang, Nguyen. "EVALUATING FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM FOOD FIRMS LISTED ON THE HANOI STOCK EXCHANGE." International Journal of Economics Finance & Management Science 08, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijefms-9125.

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This article aims to evaluate the performance of food firms listed on the Hanoi Stock Exchange. By examining various financial indicators and performance measures, the study provides valuable insights into the financial health and operational efficiency of these firms. The analysis utilizes a sample of food firms over a specified time period and employs statistical techniques to assess their performance. The findings shed light on the strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance of food firms in the Hanoi Stock Exchange, offering valuable information for investors, policymakers, and stakeholders in the food industry.
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Mitani, Hidetaka. "Predation risk, market power and cash policy." Managerial Finance 46, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): 897–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2019-0222.

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PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to discuss the combined effect of predation risk and firms' market power on cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested hypotheses by using consolidated financial data in Japanese firms.FindingsThe authors find that firms' cash holdings increase with a rise in predation risk faced by firms. However, the higher the firm's market power, the weaker the above interplay becomes. Moreover, the authors find that even when firms' investments are decreased at the industry level, firms with larger cash holdings seek to mitigate predation risk by funding strategic investments with the potential to steal rivals' market share.Originality/valueThe authors recognize the importance of a firm's market power. Take a firm's market power into consideration to analyze the mechanism of a firm's cash holdings, there is a possibility that the mechanism of a firm's cash holdings as presented by the previous studies will be changed.
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Cho, Hyunkwon, and Volkan Muslu. "How Do Firms Change Investments Based on MD&A Disclosures of Peer Firms?" Accounting Review 96, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/tar-2017-0646.

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ABSTRACT We show that a firm's one-year-ahead capital investments and inventory increase (decrease) when peer firms' Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) narratives become more optimistic (pessimistic). This finding is driven by firms that access peer firms' 10-K filings within seven days of their filing date, and remains after controlling for other determinants of a firm's investments as well as economic connections between the firm and peer firms. Moreover, a firm's investment response varies based on content in peer firms' MD&A narratives. For instance, a firm makes more (less) capital investments when peer firms become more optimistic in their narratives that discuss the industry and investments (competition). Our findings provide broad insights on the information content and proprietary costs of MD&A disclosures. Data Availability: All non-textual data are available from sources identified in the text. Textual data generated by this study are available upon request. JEL Classifications: L1; D25.
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Novita, Santi, Bambang Tjahjadi, and Andry Irwanto. "Industry and Financial Crises in Fragile and Zombie Firms: Does Leverage Matter?" Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol.3(3) Jul-Sep 2018 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2018.3.3(2).

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Objective - This paper shows how leverage affects firm's fragility and financial soundness during financial and industry crises. Methodology/Technique - Long term inefficient and zombie firms are explored through the effects of leverage in additional tests. Findings - There are two main results obtained from the sample of Indonesian non-financial firms from 2007 to 2016. First, leverage has a statistically significant correlation with firm's fragility. Second, leverage has an effect on firm's financial soundness during industry crisis. Novelty - Unlike the previous paper, this paper demonstrates a significant implication on the need to differentiate fragile firms and firms that are persistently inefficient, such as zombie firms. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Fragility; Zombie; Financial Soundness; Leverage; Industry Crisis; Financial Crisis. JEL Classification: M20, M41.
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Chen, Changling, Jee-Hae Lim, and Theophanis C. Stratopoulos. "IT Capability and a Firm's Ability to Recover from Losses: Evidence from the Economic Downturn of the Early 2000s." Journal of Information Systems 25, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-10108.

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ABSTRACT Prior literature shows that during an economic downturn firms have difficulty sustaining superior performance, and a larger percentage of firms report losses. Motivated by this literature, we explore the role of sustainability of organizational IT capability (ITC) on a firm's performance during an economic downturn. Specifically, we examine how ITC sustainability contributes to a firm's ability to recover from losses. ITC sustainability reflects a firm's ability to resist competitors' attempts to imitate or improve on its ITC. We use ITC sustainability to classify firms as sustainable (Systematic ITC), as non-sustainable (Occasional ITC), and as having no ITC (Non-ITC). Using a sample of large U.S. firms during the economic downturn of the early 2000s, we show that Systematic ITC firms achieve higher levels of firm-specific abnormal earnings and are capable of faster recovery when compared to all competitors (Occasional ITC and Non-ITC firms) and competitors with only Occasional ITC.
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Srinivasan, Suraj, Aida Sijamic Wahid, and Gwen Yu. "Admitting Mistakes: Home Country Effect on the Reliability of Restatement Reporting." Accounting Review 90, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 1201–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50887.

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ABSTRACT We study the frequency of restatements by foreign firms listed on U.S. exchanges. We find that the restatement rate of U.S.-listed foreign firms is significantly lower than that of comparable U.S. firms and that the difference depends on the firm's home country characteristics. Foreign firms from countries with a weak rule of law are less likely to restate than are firms from strong rule of law countries. While the lower rate of restatements can represent an absence of errors, it can also indicate a lack of detection and disclosure of errors and irregularities. We infer the effect of detection and disclosure by associating the frequency of restatements with the quality of the firm's internal control system. We find that only U.S. firms and foreign firms from strong rule of law countries show a positive association between restatement frequency and internal control weaknesses. Firms from weak rule of law countries show no significant association. We interpret these findings as home country enforcement affecting firms' likelihood of detecting and reporting existing accounting misstatements. This suggests that for U.S.-listed foreign firms, less frequent restatements can be a signal of opportunistic reporting rather than a lack of accounting errors and irregularities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Firms"

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Halvarsson, Daniel. "Firm Dynamics : The Size and Growth Distribution of Firms." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi (Stängd 20130101), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118333.

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This thesis is about firm dynamics, and relates to the size and growth-rate distribution of firms. As such, it consists of an introductory and four separate chapters. The first chapter concerns the size distribution of firms, the two subsequent chapters deal more specically with high-growth firms (HGFs), and the last chapter covers a related topic in distributional estimation theory. The first three chapters are empirically oriented, whereas the fourth chapter develops a statistical concept.

QC 20130215

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Warren-Codrington, Alastair. "Trade liberalization and firm dynamics evidence from Indian firms." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12195.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
This paper aims to investigate the firm level effects from the removal of trade barriers. It uses firm level data on Indian firms, and employs simple but effective specifications aimed to analyze the differential effects in sales and prices of goods previously quota bound compared to unbound products.
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Yang, Jingwen. "Earnings management in European private firms versus public firms." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/earnings-management-in-european-private-firms-versus-public-firms(d6ea5125-6e4d-48c6-a806-f0baf7777a7e).html.

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This thesis presents three papers which empirically investigate earnings management (EM) in European private and public firms. Highlighting the importance of private firms, according to the Federation of European Accountants (2016), there are 99% of firms which are registered as private firms, and are considered as the backbone of the European economy. Similarly, there are around 29 million private firms in the U.S., which account for 86% of U.S. firms and generate almost one-half of the nation’s GDP. To date there is limited evidence about private firms’ EM activities. The thesis attempts to fill this gap by not only analysing EM in private firms, but also by comparing the EM of private firms with that of public firms, and in so doing, assesses whether determinants of EM are similar for both types of firms. The sample used in this study comprises both private and public firms domiciled in 11 European countries for which consolidated financial statements are available for the period from 2001 to 2013. These countries are Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the U.K. In developing the testable hypotheses, the study employs several theoretical frameworks related to EM including the ‘opportunistic behaviour’ and ‘demand’ theories. The main aim of the first paper is to assess the extent of EM for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. In particular, this paper examines the degree of EM for both private and public firms by considering, in part, the influence of country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection and tax systems, as well as the adoption of IFRS. The empirical results show that private firms are more likely to engage in EM than public firms, and the effects of IFRS in lowering EM is more pronounced for public firms than for private firms. Furthermore, country-level factors including legal enforcement, investor protection rules and tax rates are important determinants of EM. Given that enhancing country-level legal enforcement systems and investor protection may reduce the use of EM further in both private and public firms, the current study suggests that standard-setters should consider some of the country-level variables to better guarantee the quality of accounting information across countries. The second paper examines the accrual based EM of private and public firms domiciled in Europe, and questions whether IFRS adoption has improved EM. The paper further examines whether EM between private and public firms differs in the following three scenarios (i) due to the need to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing and (iii) when VI the firm employs a Big4 auditor. The results suggest public firms, in general, have lower EM and report more conservatively than private firms. This result is consistent with the argument that on average public firms need to provide higher quality financial information to investors and other stakeholders relative to private firms. However, the finding suggest public firms’ lower EM is mitigated or decreased in the three settings mentioned above. Finally, this paper observes that the EM of public firms has decreased post-IFRS adoption, supporting the view that IFRS has improved the financial reporting quality of public firms. The third paper assesses the degree of real earnings management (REM) for private and public firms domiciled in Europe. This paper further examines some settings that present clear incentives to manage earnings such as (i) to meet earnings benchmarks, (ii) when obtaining external financing, (iii) when leverage is high, and (iv) when losses are large. The empirical results show that public firms engage in more earnings management through real operating activities, and that REM in public firms increased following IFRS adoption, relative to private firms. Furthermore, this study finds that public firms, overall, face stronger incentives to manage earnings than do private firms’ managers in the four settings mentioned above. The study contributes not only to the EM literature on non-accrual earnings management, but also the current debate on IFRS adoptions.
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Trifunovski, Alexandar, and Max Steén. "Micro-firms and the auditor : a study of the individual-firm commitment between auditors and exempted firms in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9585.

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Purpose: The purpose with this dissertation is to examine the individual–firm commitment between auditors and exempted firms from the client perspective and how it is influenced by relational influencing factors. The impact of these factors is investigated through a three component model incorporating affective, calculative and normative commitment.   Method: The study encompasses a triangular research method and can be seen as a twofold complementary approach. The choice of methodology seeks to qualitatively investigate how auditors actively work to impact the level of trust, social bonds and satisfaction as well as the level of commitment in their relationship with the exempted firm. The intention is to complement the findings from the qualitative study with quantitatively measured factors from the client’s perspective using a survey strategy.   Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that micro-firms are predominantly affectively committed to their auditor based on positive feelings of attachment and less due to normative and calculative reasons. Trust and satisfaction proved to be the most significant factors in ensuring long-term and enduring relationships between auditors and micro-firms.   Implications: Affective commitment proved to be the most significant construct in explaining the characteristics of the auditor-micro firm relation in this study. By critically evaluating the relationship, the auditor can assess to which degree trust, social bonds and satisfaction can be implemented to strengthen the commitment of the exempted firm, thus influencing their long-term staying intention.
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Macau, Flávio Romero. "Knowledge effect on firm performance in manufacturing and service firms." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4509.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100673.pdf: 1601609 bytes, checksum: 31f973657537b212d880f0ceff09e830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z
This thesis seeks to examine the difference between manufacturing and service firms with respect to the effects of knowledge on performance, and the influence of market turbulence in this relationship. Empirical data, resulting from a survey, was collected from more than 1,206 firms, involving several sectors. Two samples were analyzed, one with 334 manufacturing and other with 509 service firms. The findings indicate no significant difference in the importance of knowledge on performance between these sectors in the absence of market turbulence: knowledge development (KD) has a stronger effect than culture of competitiveness (CC) on firm performance. However, under market turbulence, manufacturers differ from service providers. The positive effect of KD is enhanced, while the positive effect of CC remains the same for manufacturing firms. On the other hand, the positive effect of KD is diminished, while the positive effect of CC is enhanced for service firms. This supports the argument concerning differences in the nature of manufacturing and service industries. From a managerial point of view, results confirm the importance of knowledge, irrespective of firm sector or market turbulence. However, while industrial firms should center efforts on KD, service firms must find a balance where knowledge development (e.g. norms, processes, routines) does not impair their culture of competitiveness (e.g. learning, innovation, action). The thesis contributes to existing literature by proposing that: (1) the positive effect of knowledge on performance is confirmed; (2) under turbulent markets manufacturing and service firms have different responses concerning the influence of knowledge on performance; (3) a multidimensional performance construct based on cost, profitability, and growth is an interesting way to evaluate firm sustained competitive advantage, rather than one-dimensional constructs; (4) the CC x KD interaction, found relevant for supply chains in previous studies, is not supported for firms; (5) differences in unit of analysis, e.g. from supply chains to firms, result in different effects of KD and CC on firm performance; (6) existing scales can be improved with the addition of more diverse indicators, capturing a wider range of concepts (e.g. information transfer measurement); and (7) results from previous studies are supported for Brazilian firms, contributing for theory generalization.
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Vatan, Antoine. "Interactions of firms in international trade models." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010069.

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La théorie du commerce international commença à prendre en compte les firmes dans le début des années 1980. Suite à l’échec des théories traditionnelles à expliquer l’importance du commerce intra-branche, des modèles de concurrence monopolistique (Krugman 1979,1980) et oligopolistique (Brander, 1981) ont été développés. Ces deux approches sont regroupées sous le terme "nouvelle théorie du commerce international". Ainsi qu’il sera expliqué infra, la concurrence oligopolistique est restée négligée dans les trente dernières années, alors que la concurrence monopolistique est devenu le cadre standard. Par rapport aux théories traditionnelles, ces deux types de modèles apportent un changement majeur : la présence des firmes. Néanmoins une différence non moins majeure existe entre concurrence oligopolistique et monopolistique. Alors que la firme est capable d’agir stratégiquement quand elle est en concurrence oligopolistique, elle reste représentative dans un cadre de concurrence monopolistique. Cette différence explique partiellement le fait que le cadre oligopolistique fut délaissé. Alors que la première motivation de la nouvelle théorie du commerce fut de proposer une explication aux flux de commerce intra-branche, l’intuition selon laquelle les firmes doivent être prises en compte fut remis à l’ordre du jour par une littérature empirique des années1990-2000.Grâce à l’émergence de données d’entreprises, nous avons découvert que seules une faible partie des entreprises exportent et que la probabilité de participer ou non au commerce n’est pas aléatoire. En effet, la probabilité d’exporter et la productivité sont fortement corrélées. De plus, parmi les exportateurs, il y a également une forte hétérogénéité. Un des faits les mieux acceptés par les économistes est que les exportations d’un pays sont très concentrées sur quelques (grosses) entreprises. Melitz (2003) en a proposé une explication théorique. En introduisant des firmes hétérogènes dans un modèle à la Krugman, ce modèle prédit, contrairement à la nouvelle théorie du commerce international, que seule une fraction des entreprises exporteront - les plus productives. Cette approche théorique devint rapidement le nouveau cadre standard de la littérature et est également connu sous le nom de "nouvelle nouvelle théorie du commerce international". La présente thèse vise d’abord à prendre part au débat concernant la pertinence de cette nouvelle approche théorique eu égard aux stratégies des firmes à l’exportation. Ensuite, elle essaie de plaider, parmi d’autres, pour un retour des interactions stratégiques dans les modèles de commerce international afin d’affiner notre compréhension des exportations et des firmes multinationales. [...]
Firms were introduced into trade theory in the early 1980s. After traditional trade theory failed to explain the importance of intra-industry trade, monopolistic competition (Krugman, 1979, 1980) and oligopolistic competition(Brander,1981)models were developed. These two approaches are in fact grouped under the label "new trade theory". As will be explained further, oligopolistic competition was quite neglected in the last thirty years, while monopolistic competition became the standard framework in the trade literature. These two frame works share a common feature which represents a major change compared to previous perfect competition models: the presence of firms. Nevertheless, a notable difference between the two is that firms are representative in the monopolistic competition framework, while they are able to act strategically in an oligopolistic setting. This partly explains why the former has been the most used. While the first motivation of new trade theory was to provide a rationale for trade patterns, the intuition that firms had to be taken into account was supported by a broad strand of empirical literature in the 1990s-2000s. Thanks to the emergence of firm-level data, trade economists discovered that only a handful of firms are responsible for the bulk of international trade. The most important feature, and probably the best known and most discussed by trade economists, is that firms’ participation in trade is far from random. Only the most productive ones export. Beyond this comparison between exporters and non-exporters, there is also much heterogeneity among exporters themselves. This fact found a rationale thanks to Melitz (2003) who introduced heterogeneous firms into a monopolistic competition model à la Krugman. This model became the most used in trade and is the cornerstone of "new new trade theory". The present Ph.D. dissertation first tries to take part in the debate about the relevance of monopolistic competition models in new new trade theory with respect to exporting firms’ strategies. Second, this dissertation tries to contribute to showing the need to put strategic interactions back into trade models in order to enhance our understanding of exporting and multinational firms. [...]
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Smagghue, Gabriel. "Essays on the impact of international trade and labor regulation on firms." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0022/document.

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La littérature récente en commerce international et macroéconomie a souligné le rôle majeur de grandes firmes dans les résultats agrégés d'une économie. Les grandes firmes influencent, inter alia, les fluctuations économiques, les performances à l'exportation et les inégalités de salaires et de coût de la vie. Il est donc crucial de saisir comment les grandes firmes émergent et se comportent. Cette thèse s'intéresse à trois aspects de cette question. Premièrement, j'étudie comment les firmes ajustent la qualité de leurs produits à une intensification de la compétition "low-cost" sur les marchés étrangers. Pour ce faire, je développe une nouvelle méthode d'estimation de la qualité des produits au niveau firme et je trouve que les firmes augmentent leur qualité en réponse à la compétition "low-cost". Deuxièmement, j'examine la manière dont les firmes ajustent leurs ventes lorsqu'un choc de demande (e.g., une récession) frappe une de leurs destinations. Dans le cadre de l'industrie du Champagne durant la récession de 2000-2001, je montre que les firmes ré-allouent leurs ventes vers les marchés dont les conditions de demandes sont plus favorables. Cela suggère un nouveau mécanisme de diffusion internationale des chocs. Finalement, je regarde la manière dont les firmes ajustent leur taille et leur mix de capital et travail lorsque la régulation du travail contraint plus fortement les grandes firmes. Dans le cas du seuil de 50 employés en France, je trouve que les firmes se contractent et substituent du travail au capital pour limiter le coût de la régulation. Au niveau macro, mes résultats suggèrent que la régulation profite aux travailleurs mais pas aux détenteurs de capital
Recent literature in international economics and macroeconomics has pointed to the major role played by large firms in shaping aggregate economic outcomes. Large firms influence, inter alia, economic fluctuations, performance on export markets and inequalities between workers and between consumers. It is therefore crucial to understand how large firms emerge and behave. In the present thesis, I look at three independent aspects of this question. First, I study how exporting firms adjust the quality of the products they export in response to an intensification of "low-cost" competition in foreign markets. To this end, I develop a new method to estimate the quality of products at the firm-level and I find evidence that firms upgrade quality in response to "low-cost" competition. Second, I investigate the way exporting firms adjust their sales when a demand shock (e.g. an economic recession, a war) occurs in one of their destinations. In the context of the Champagne wine industry during the 2000-2001 economic recession, I show that firms reallocate their sales toward markets where demand conditions are relatively more favorable. Lastly, I look at the way firms adjust their size and their mix of capital and labor in response to labor regulations which are more binding to large firms. I find that firms shrink and substitute capital for labor to mitigate the labor cost of the regulation. At the aggregate level, preliminary results suggests that workers gain from the regulation while capital owners lose
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Zheng, Jingchen. "How do family firms cope with economic crisis? : Case studies about Chinese family firms." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13480.

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Introduction:The current economic crisis started in 2007 warned many business pro-fessions how important it is to react to the crisis quickly and properly. Many studies have been conducted on family businesses about their special resources environment, succession, governance etc. There are barely literature has ever mentioned about how family business cope with economic crisis. Thus, the author conducted such a study on this topic to explore more in family business study.Purpose:To enhance the understanding of economic crisis management in fam-ily business, this thesis will analyze the actions of family firms during the economic crisis. This research aims to investigate how unique fam-ily firm resources influence the way they cope with the economic crisis.Method:A qualitative research has been conducted in this study. In-depth inter-views were conducted in two family business firms with the business owners and other high level position staff who have clear picture about the management during economic crisis. Tele-interview was adopted due to the distance limit.Conclusions:During economic crisis, family firms do not use layoff as a major means to cost down. They keep relative stable relationship with their employ-ees as well as other business partners. They seek financial and other help from the family members or in the family network rather than other external resources such as bank etc. The governance also con-cerns more on employee benefits.
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Håkansson, Johan, Zuzana Macuchova, and Rudholm Niklas. "Predicting entry of Swedish wholesale firms into local markets." Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-12227.

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Applying microeconomic theory, we develop a forecasting model for firm entry into local markets and test this model using data from the Swedish wholesale industry. The empirical analysis is based on directly estimating the profit function of wholesale firms. As in previous entry studies, profits are assumed to depend on firm- and location-specific factors,and the profit equation is estimated using panel data econometric techniques. Using the residuals from the profit equation estimations, we identify local markets in Sweden where firm profits are abnormally high given the level of all independent variables included in the profit function. From microeconomic theory, we then know that these local markets should have higher net entry than other markets, all else being equal, and we investigate this in a second step,also using a panel data econometric model. The results of estimating the net-entry equation indicate that four of five estimated models have more net entry in high-return municipalities, but the estimated parameter is only statistically significant at conventional levels in one of our estimated models.
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Pierk, Jochen. "Are Private Firms Really More Tax Aggressive Than Public Firms ?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5053/1/SSRN%2Did2758756.pdf.

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This paper tests the notion that private firms are more tax aggressive than public firms. Tax avoidance measures, e.g. effective tax rates, cannot be used to compare private and public firms when private and public firms have different levels of importance on financial accounting earnings (Hanlon and Heitzman 2010). To disentangle financial reporting incentives from tax aggressiveness, I use the fact that European groups must prepare two sets of financial statements: first, group statements (consolidated), which provide information to investors, and, second, individual statements (unconsolidated), which are used for legal purposes, but not to inform investors. Since in individual statements financial reporting incentives do not vary between public and private firms, I use these effective tax rates to compare private and public firms. My findings show that public, not private, firms are more tax aggressive, as the effective tax rates of public firms are lower in individual and group statements. (author's abstract)
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Books on the topic "Firms"

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Connaughton, Mike. Solicitors' firms. Manchester: Business Development Unit, University ofManchester, 1990.

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Calvelli, Adriana, and Chiara Cannavale. Internationalizing Firms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91551-7.

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Brännback, Malin, and Alan L. Carsrud. Family Firms. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6046-6.

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Burkart, Mike. Family firms. Cambriged, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Wales, Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and. Directoryof firms. London: Macmillan., 1991.

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Rock, Stuart. Family firms. Cambridge: Published in association with the Institute of Directors (by)Director Books, 1991.

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Fund, European Social, ed. Social firms. Leuven: Garant, 1997.

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Exchange, International Stock, and London Stock Exchange, eds. Member firms. London: Stock Exchange, 1997.

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American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Management Consulting Services Division., ed. Law firms. New York, N.Y: AICPA, 1992.

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Pyke, F. Small firms, technical services, and inter-firm cooperation. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Firms"

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Villar, Antonio. "Firms." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00457-9_3.

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Nicola, Pier Carlo. "Firms." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 55–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48399-8_4.

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Tvede, Mich. "Firms." In Overlapping Generations Economies, 201–11. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07516-1_13.

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Dorman, Peter. "Firms." In Microeconomics, 149–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37434-0_8.

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Gupta, Vishal K. "Small Firms." In Great Minds in Entrepreneurship Research, 17–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44125-8_2.

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Adapa, Sujana, Alison Sheridan, and Subba Reddy Yarram. "Nascent Firms." In Entrepreneurship in Regional Communities, 167–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60559-9_6.

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Bowen, Harry P., Abraham Hollander, and Jean-Marie Viaene. "Heterogeneous firms." In Applied International Trade, 287–311. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01551-8_9.

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Block, Joern. "Family firms." In Long-term Orientation of Family Firms, 9–41. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8412-8_2.

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Zarach, Stephanie. "Law Firms." In Debrett’s Bibliography of Business History, 151–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08984-0_33.

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Atkinson, Brian, Peter Baker, and Bob Milward. "Small Firms." In Economic Policy, 80–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24876-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Firms"

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Charman, Kenneth Paul. "Creating Shared Value in Cambodia." In International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/91-100.

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INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the initial findings of a survey of firms in Cambodia based on structured interview and questionnaire to explore the intentions of local firms in Cambodia to address social needs as part of their business model. Addressing social needs whilst simultancously making a profit is a practice that would be interpreted as creating shared value. The Cambodian firms were located and interviewed by students taking the course. This was the first time that this survey was carried out. The timing of the study was highly appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic as the sudden downturn in economic activity combined with the pressure on public services to cope with the pandemic, not to mention the concerns of the population facing the spreading threat of COVID-19, has focused attention on social needs as well as business performance. Whereas prior to COVID-19 business performance would more likely be primarily be assessed in terms of growth, market share and profit margins, during and post COVID-19 the contribution of a firm’s activities to the social good has arguably become more of the focus of attention. What the firm is actually doing and how this contributes to the needs of the community it serves is now a question more likely to be asked, rather than whether the firm has simply been able to find a profitable niche and source of growth. This survey is based on the components of creating shared value which provide a framework and is intended to provide an indication as to whether firms in Cambodia consider that they are contributing to social needs. The survey has included many small firms, a few large international firms and covers a range of sectors. Many of the firms are young, having been established in the last one-to-five years. Most operate either within Phnom Penh and/or in the regions of Cambodia. The results indicate that there is a strong sense of social awareness amongst firms even if they were not aware of the shared value concepts. The majority of the firms had specific intentions to address social needs as part of their business and this was consistent over a wide range of sectors. The survey can be used as supportive data in the development of a comprehensive framework to measure shared value based on firms’ intentions to address social needs. The fact that this survey was carried out during 2020, the period of the COVID-19 pandemic is unlikely to have influenced firme strategies per se.
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Ekşi, İbrahim Halil, Nasara Banu Güzel, and Rabia Ecem Küçüktaşdurmaz. "The Influence of Acquisitions on a Firm’s Performance within a Sector: An Application on Istanbul Stock Exchange." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01111.

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In recent years it have seen a significant increase in the number of business mergers and acquisitions. There are number of reasons led to this trend. Amongst them it is the need to increase the firm financial performances. This paper mainly is focuses on other different effects of mergers and acquisitions on the financial performance of businesses. In this study, looking at Turkish stock exchange listed firms that have experienced acquisitions or mergers and the effects of such mergers on their performance. In this context, it be looked at textile firms and firms based on stone and land work that experienced acquisitions in 2010. The firms are Altinyildiz in textile and Çimbeton in the mining sectors respectively. Having look at the financial performances of these firms in their respective sectors before the acquisitions (2007, 2008, 2009), the acquisitionsin 2010, 9 rates were used the in TOPSIS method. According to findings, the acquisitioned firm’s show that they have positive effects on the financial performances of the firms. It is observed that there are differences in sectors’ period and degrees. In this case, it’s possible to explain the sectoral dynamics and acquisions of the firms’ integration.
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Dong, Jinshuo, Hadi Elzayn, Shahin Jabbari, Michael Kearns, and Zachary Schutzman. "Equilibrium Characterization for Data Acquisition Games." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/36.

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We study a game between two firms which each provide a service based on machine learning. The firms are presented with the opportunity to purchase a new corpus of data, which will allow them to potentially improve the quality of their products. The firms can decide whether or not they want to buy the data, as well as which learning model to build on that data. We demonstrate a reduction from this potentially complicated action space to a one-shot, two-action game in which each firm only decides whether or not to buy the data. The game admits several regimes which depend on the relative strength of the two firms at the outset and the price at which the data is being offered. We analyze the game's Nash equilibria in all parameter regimes and demonstrate that, in expectation, the outcome of the game is that the initially stronger firm's market position weakens whereas the initially weaker firm's market position becomes stronger. Finally, we consider the perspective of the users of the service and demonstrate that the expected outcome at equilibrium is not the one which maximizes the welfare of the consumers.
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Jursa, Aleksejs. "Productivity difference between a foreign direct investment and domestic capital firms in Latvia in the agricultural, forestry and fishing sector: a firm-level analysis." In 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.014.

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This study examines firm-level panel data to determine the productivity level per employee between domestic capital firms and their foreign counterparts in the agricultural, forestry and fishing sector in Latvia during the 2014-2021 period. Two groups of firms were created. The first firm group represents firms in which at least 10% of the share capital belongs to foreign direct investors. While the second group represents firms whose share capital is fully owned by the residents of Latvia. Productivity indicators are calculated for both groups. To assess the productivity differences across domestic firms and firms with foreign capital in Latvia, the author has combined a rich firm-level dataset using ORBIS and Lursoft IT Ltd. data. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the firms with foreign capital are, on average, more productive than the firms whose share capital is only Latvian capital. The difference in productivity is especially visible in the forestry and logging sub-group in small size firms.
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Puri, Swati Kumaria, and Zazli Lily Wisker. "Carbon Emissions and Organisational Performance: Friend or Foe?" In ITP Research Symposium 2022. Unitec ePress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/proc.2302014.

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This research aims to investigate the short-term effect of carbon emissions on financial performance and market value of Aotearoa New Zealand companies. It hypothesises that the direct and indirect carbon emissions negatively affect short-term firm performance. It further posits that the relationship between carbon emission and firm performance is moderated by a firm’s leverage. The study sample includes quarterly data of New Zealand listed companies from 2017 to 2021. The study uses univariate and multivariate methods such as correlation and panel regression models to test the hypotheses. The empirical results demonstrate that the impact of direct emissions on performance and market value is significantly negative. There is evidence that high direct carbon emissions reduce firms’ return on equity, return on assets and Tobin’s Q. Furthermore, the relationship between indirect carbon emissions on performance and market value is insignificant. Since firms are not able to control indirect emissions, these do not directly affect financial performance. The findings indicate that high-debt firms contribute to carbon emissions and decrease both firm performance and market value in the short term. This study is useful to practitioners interested in understanding the impact of carbon emissions on businesses. Additionally, the findings will assist policy makers in formulating carbon-emission policies and disclosures among New Zealand businesses.
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Cayer, Aaron. "Subsidiary Architecture: Multi-Firm Practices and the Blurring of Distinction Between Large and Small Firms." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.124.

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Over the past two decades, small architecture firms have begun to develop secondary firms to supplement their practices, including rendering firms, post-occupancy-evaluation firms, as-built drawing firms, and computer consulting firms. This paper examines how these subsidiary practices began primarily within large-scale corporations during the 1960s and 1970s, as well as how these practices are informed by histories of post-industrialization and moments of economic instability. Combining both historical analysis with interviews of firm owners and business leaders, this paper reveals how and why the tendencies of large corporations are now visible in small firms, and how these practices obscure traditional distinctions between small design-driven firms, and large, commercially motivated firms.
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Cassia, Lucio. "Resources-based hyper-growth of firms." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268486195.

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High-growth firms deserve a relevant role in the ‘real-word’ economy: many scholars have proved that these firms create employment, wealth, and economic growth. For example, in the US, the ‘gazelles’ (i.e., firms in the highest percentiles of the growth rate distribution) account for the largest part of the total increase in the employment rate, although they represent only a very small share of all companies (Birch, 1987). Many scholars have also suggested and proved that firm growth creates employment, wealth and general economic development (e.g. Birch, 1979), so that by understanding high-growth firms, researchers may better understand the features involved with growth and success in general
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Pascoe, Pulkeria, Marcia Dutra De Barcellos, Hans De Steur, Joachim Schouteten, Hawa Petro Tundui, and Xavier Gellynck. "FIRM-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE AND IMPACT OF EXTERNAL FINANCE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE." In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.1083.

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This cross-sectional study employs resource-based view and resource dependence theories to examine the determinants of access to external finance at firm-level and the effect of access to external finance on performance of 328 agri-food firms. Applying binary logistic regression, results indicate that firm age, ownership, sources of financing, and firm location were significant predictors of access to external finance. The effect of access to external finance on firm performance analyzed using linear regression was positive and significant. Therefore, firm-specific characteristics are crucial in the decision to access external finance. Access is easier for older firms in small cities that rely on informal sources of financing. Family firms are more vulnerable to external finance than non-family firms. Furthermore, access to external financing is associated with better firm performance. The findings of this study are useful for managers making financing decisions and for stakeholders involved in micro and small enterprises financing.
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Laine, Kari. "Managing innovation for growth in high technology small firms." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268577723.

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This paper studies ways to support sustainable growth in high technology small firms by managing innovation. The paper examines technology based and knowledge intensive business service firms (KIBS) and their innovation management in Finland. The goal is to find at least one meaningful innovation process for a small KIBS firm that takes growth into consideration. In the paper incremental, radical, disruptive, open and systemic innovation are seen from small KIBS firm perspective a model that combines these types of innovation is presented. Two cases of small technology based small KIBS firms are also selected to closer examination.
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Zafar, Afnan, and Marja Ahola. "Internationalisation of Finnish Firms and Use of Digital Solutions." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100910.

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Firms in Finland are experiencing an immense shortage of skilled workers, and one of the many ways to cope with this shortage is the internationalisation of firms. The starting point of internationalisation of the firm is the smooth induction process of foreign background employees in the firm and utilising digital solutions. This paper explores different ways firms use to enhance the employees’ induction process and promote internationalisation. The data has been collected from 36 firms from Finland in the interview form between 2020-2021. The collected data were analysed qualitatively and provided widespread information. This paper focuses on the induction and internationalisation side of data. The study explains digital solutions, orientation-training programs, promoting an inclusive work culture and background evaluations to enhance the induction process. The practical implication of this study is to provide guidelines and bases to develop further digital solutions for the induction process in Finnish firms.
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Reports on the topic "Firms"

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Dussel Peters, Enrique. Mexican Firms Investing in China: 2000-2011. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006942.

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Initial research on "translatinas" show that while these Latin American firms have invested primarily in their home region, a growing number have begun to invest more heavily in the rest of the world. However, an overall evaluation of their activities and performance in new markets and detailed discussion about their products, processes and future expectations is lacking. This analytic note addresses that gap by examining a group of Mexican firms with direct investments in China. The analysis includes (a) a general description of each firm (its products, processes, main locations, age, size, employment, and so forth), (b) the firm's global short- and medium-term strategies and the importance of China to them, and (c) an overview of the firm's expansion to and activities in China including reasons for entry, the initial entry mode, the main products and processes, investment amounts, employment rolls, sales, and other salient characteristics.
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Bernard, Andrew, J. Bradford Jensen, Stephen Redding, and Peter Schott. Global Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22727.

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Burkart, Mike, Fausto Panunzi, and Andrei Shleifer. Family Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8776.

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Maksimovic, Vojislav, Gordon Phillips, and Liu Yang. Do Public Firms Respond to Investment Opportunities More than Private Firms? The Impact of Initial Firm Quality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24104.

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Maksimovic, Vojislav, Gordon Phillips, and Liu Yang. Do Public Firms Respond to Industry Opportunities More Than Private Firms? The Impact of Initial Firm Quality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25634.

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Lipsey, Robert. Foreign Production by U.S. Firms and Parent Firm Employment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7357.

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Kadyrzhanova, Dalida, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. Governing Misvalued Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19799.

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Ma, Song, Joy Tianjiao Tong, and Wei Wang. Bankrupt Innovative Firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28856.

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Gandelman, Néstor, and Alejandro Rasteletti. Credit Constraints, Sector Informality and Firm Investments: Evidence from a Panel of Uruguayan Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011452.

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This paper explores whether the extent of informality in a sector affects a firm's investment decision directly or indirectly through a credit availability channel. The dataset used in the estimation of the econometric models consists of an unbalanced panel of Uruguayan firms for the period 1997-2008. The results suggest that financial restrictions affect investment decisions in Uruguay, as an increase in credit to the private sector translates into higher investment rates. A one percentage point increase in overall credit growth translates into a one half percent increase in investment rates. It is also found that, although there is no direct effect of informality on the firm investment decision, there is an indirect effect through the borrowing channel. More specifically, financial restrictions reduce the amount of investment undertaken by Uruguayan firms, the effect being smaller if the firm operates in a sector with lower informality.
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Bartram, Söhnke, Gregory Brown, and René Stulz. Why Do Foreign Firms Have Less Idiosyncratic Risk than U.S. Firms? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14931.

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