Dissertations / Theses: 'Firm-level innovation'

1

Abramovsky, L. F. "Empirical studies on firm-level innovation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469463/.

Full text

Abstract:

In this dissertation I exploit di erent sources of rich rm-level data to study how rms organise their innovation activities in a world characterised by increasing globalisation and rapid technological change. The empirical analysis presented in this thesis aims to contribute to a robust evidence base to inform public policy. Chapter 2 considers the impact that information and communication technology (ICT) has on observed rms choices over organisational form. It nds that rms that are more ICT-intensive tend to purchase a greater amount of services on the market and are more likely to purchase o shore. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between the location of private sector R&D labs and university research departments in Great Britain across di erent industries. The strongest evidence for co-location is for foreign-owned pharmaceutical labs and frontier chemistry research departments consistent with multinationals sourcing technology internationally. Chapter 4 extends the analysis of the previous chapter by using continuous measures of spatial proximity for the analysis of co-location of R&D labs and universities and by considering rm-university interactions directly. Chapter 5 provides a set of novel facts about EU pharmaceutical patenting rms engaged in the use of foreign inventors for drug discovery activity. It explores dimensions of rm-level heterogeneity similar to the ones used to analyse trade patterns. These are also shown to be a key feature in the internationalisation of inventors. Chapter 6 provides evidence on how changes in the employment of high-skilled workers (inventors) in a foreign location a ect a rm's domestic employment of the same type of worker. It nds evidence consistent with the idea that foreign and domestic inventors are complementary in the production of knowledge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hong, Shangqin (Maggie). "Innovation in New Zealand: A Firm-Level Analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Economics and Finance, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7659.

Full text

Abstract:

The overall aim of this thesis is to uncover the key determinants of innovation in New Zealand firms and consider some of their likely effects. In order to provide a broad perspective on New Zealand’s local innovation processes, a mixed method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis was adopted to allow analysis of both empirical data and case study data. The quantitative part of analysis utilises the unique dataset developed by Statistics New Zealand, namely the prototype Longitudinal Business Database (LBD), and the qualitative analysis includes four in-depth company case studies which complement the regression analyses by uncovering the key patterns of innovation behaviour at the firm level. In summary, a number of conclusions have been drawn from the research. Firstly, firms experience considerably smaller positive size effect because of New Zealand’s unique firm demographics, and the small size has limited individual firm’s innovation opportunities. Secondly, firms’ ability to develop new technologies directly influences their innovative ability, which is highly dependent on the availability of funds and skills. Lastly, innovation in New Zealand has a very strong market focus, while technology suppliers such as universities and Crown Research Institutes only have a limited role in selected industries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hohberger, Jan. "Individual-Level Collaboration and Firm-Level Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9205.

Full text

Abstract:

Malgrat el gran nombre de recerques sobre els acords col·laboratius i la innovació, són pocs els estudis que examinen la influència de la col·laboració individual entre els membres d'una mateixa organització i la seva repercussió en la innovació de l'empresa. Això resulta sorprenent, perquè bastants estudis destaquen el paper important que les persones poden acomplir en els processos d'aprenentatge i adquisició de coneixements (p. ex., la mobilitat dels enginyers i els científics, els investigadors estrella i "boundary spanners"). En conseqüència, aquesta tesi investiga l'impacte de les col·laboracions interorganitzatives dels científics -recollides per la coautoria dels seus papers de recerca- en les innovacions patentades de les empreses. Els resultats indiquen que, fins i tot després de controlar alguns factors que ja han estat identificats per la seva incidència en els resultats innovadors de l'empresa -com ara les aliances estratègiques de l'empresa, els científics estrella i els que no ho són, la capacitat científica individual i la inversió en R+D-, el grau en què els científics d'una empresa col·laboren externament en articles científics influeix positivament en el seu acompliment innovador. A més, les col·laboracions individuals entre els investigadors d'empresa i els investigadors universitaris són especialment útils, i els transvasaments regionals milloren l'impacte de les col·laboracions individuals. Avalant les prediccions derivades de l'economia evolutiva i de les teories de la conducta, les empreses amb un nombre més alt de col·laboracions individuals externes tenen més probabilitats de créixer més a prop de la frontera de la innovació emergent. En canvi, les empreses amb més aliances estratègiques i col·laboracions individuals internes probablement creixeran més allunyades de la frontera de la innovació i l'especialització tecnològica redueix l'alineació de les empreses amb la frontera innovadora. Així doncs, aquesta tesi aïlla i destaca el paper de la col·laboració individual en el procés d'innovació de l'empresa.
Pese al gran número de investigaciones sobre las colaboraciones y la innovación, solo unos pocos estudios examinan la influencia de la colaboración individual entre los miembros de una misma organización y su repercusión en la innovación de la empresa. Ello resulta sorprendente, puesto que bastantes estudios destacan el importante rol que las personas pueden desempeñar en los procesos de aprendizaje y adquisición de conocimientos (p. ej., la movilidad de los ingenieros y los científicos, los investigadores estrella y los "boundary spanners"). En consecuencia, esta tesis investiga el impacto de las colaboraciones interorganizativas de los científicos -recogidas por la coautoría de sus papers de investigación- en las innovaciones patentadas de las empresas. Los resultados indican que, incluso después de controlar algunos factores que ya han sido identificados por su incidencia en los resultados innovadores de la empresa -como son las alianzas estratégicas de la empresa, los científicos estrella y los que no lo son, la capacidad científica individual y la inversión en I+D-, el nivel en que los científicos de una empresa colaboran externamente en artículos científicos influye positivamente en su desempeño innovador. Además, las colaboraciones individuales entre los investigadores de empresa y los investigadores universitarios son especialmente útiles, y los trasvases regionales mejoran el impacto de las colaboraciones individuales. Avalando las predicciones derivadas de la economía evolutiva y las teorías conductuales, las empresas con mayor número de colaboraciones individuales externas tienen mayores probabilidades de crecer más próximas a la frontera de la innovación emergente. En cambio, las empresas con mayor número de alianzas estratégicas y colaboraciones individuales internas probablemente crecerán más alejadas de la frontera de la innovación y la especialización tecnológica reduce la alineación de las empresas con la frontera innovadora. Así pues, esta tesis aísla y destaca el rol de la colaboración individual en el proceso de innovación de la empresa.
Despite the vast amount of research on collaborative arrangements and innovation, only a few studies examine influence of individual collaboration of members within an organization and their influence on firm innovation. This is surprising since several studies illustrate the important role individuals can play in knowledge acquisition and learning (e.g. mobility of engineers and scientist, star researchers and boundary spanners). Therefore, this dissertation investigates the impact of inter-organizational collaborations of scientists - as captured by co-authorship of research papers - on the patented innovative of firms. The results indicate that even after controlling for factors that have been previously suggested to impact the innovative output of a firm - including the firm's strategic alliances, star and non-star scientists, individual-level scientific ability, and R&D investment - the extent to which a firm's scientists collaborate externally on scientific articles positively influences the firm's innovative performance. Furthermore, individual collaborations between firm researchers and university researchers are particularly useful and regional spillovers enhance the impact of individual collaborations. Supporting the predictions derived from evolutionary economics and behavioral theories, firms with greater numbers of external individual collaborations are likely to grow increasingly aligned to the frontier of emerging innovation. Firms with greater numbers of strategic alliances and internal individual collaborations are likely to grow more distant from the innovation frontier and technological specialization decreases the alignment of firms to the innovative frontier. Thus this dissertation isolates and highlights the role of individual level collaboration in the firm innovation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hohberger, Jan-Simon. "Individual-Level Collaboration and Firm-Level Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9205.

Full text

Abstract:

Malgrat el gran nombre de recerques sobre els acords col·laboratius i la innovació, són pocs els estudis que examinen la influència de la col·laboració individual entre els membres d'una mateixa organització i la seva repercussió en la innovació de l'empresa. Això resulta sorprenent, perquè bastants estudis destaquen el paper important que les persones poden acomplir en els processos d'aprenentatge i adquisició de coneixements (p. ex., la mobilitat dels enginyers i els científics, els investigadors estrella i "boundary spanners"). En conseqüència, aquesta tesi investiga l'impacte de les col·laboracions interorganitzatives dels científics -recollides per la coautoria dels seus papers de recerca- en les innovacions patentades de les empreses. Els resultats indiquen que, fins i tot després de controlar alguns factors que ja han estat identificats per la seva incidència en els resultats innovadors de l'empresa -com ara les aliances estratègiques de l'empresa, els científics estrella i els que no ho són, la capacitat científica individual i la inversió en R+D-, el grau en què els científics d'una empresa col·laboren externament en articles científics influeix positivament en el seu acompliment innovador. A més, les col·laboracions individuals entre els investigadors d'empresa i els investigadors universitaris són especialment útils, i els transvasaments regionals milloren l'impacte de les col·laboracions individuals. Avalant les prediccions derivades de l'economia evolutiva i de les teories de la conducta, les empreses amb un nombre més alt de col·laboracions individuals externes tenen més probabilitats de créixer més a prop de la frontera de la innovació emergent. En canvi, les empreses amb més aliances estratègiques i col·laboracions individuals internes probablement creixeran més allunyades de la frontera de la innovació i l'especialització tecnològica redueix l'alineació de les empreses amb la frontera innovadora. Així doncs, aquesta tesi aïlla i destaca el paper de la col·laboració individual en el procés d'innovació de l'empresa.
Pese al gran número de investigaciones sobre las colaboraciones y la innovación, solo unos pocos estudios examinan la influencia de la colaboración individual entre los miembros de una misma organización y su repercusión en la innovación de la empresa. Ello resulta sorprendente, puesto que bastantes estudios destacan el importante rol que las personas pueden desempeñar en los procesos de aprendizaje y adquisición de conocimientos (p. ej., la movilidad de los ingenieros y los científicos, los investigadores estrella y los "boundary spanners"). En consecuencia, esta tesis investiga el impacto de las colaboraciones interorganizativas de los científicos -recogidas por la coautoría de sus papers de investigación- en las innovaciones patentadas de las empresas. Los resultados indican que, incluso después de controlar algunos factores que ya han sido identificados por su incidencia en los resultados innovadores de la empresa -como son las alianzas estratégicas de la empresa, los científicos estrella y los que no lo son, la capacidad científica individual y la inversión en I+D-, el nivel en que los científicos de una empresa colaboran externamente en artículos científicos influye positivamente en su desempeño innovador. Además, las colaboraciones individuales entre los investigadores de empresa y los investigadores universitarios son especialmente útiles, y los trasvases regionales mejoran el impacto de las colaboraciones individuales. Avalando las predicciones derivadas de la economía evolutiva y las teorías conductuales, las empresas con mayor número de colaboraciones individuales externas tienen mayores probabilidades de crecer más próximas a la frontera de la innovación emergente. En cambio, las empresas con mayor número de alianzas estratégicas y colaboraciones individuales internas probablemente crecerán más alejadas de la frontera de la innovación y la especialización tecnológica reduce la alineación de las empresas con la frontera innovadora. Así pues, esta tesis aísla y destaca el rol de la colaboración individual en el proceso de innovación de la empresa.
Despite the vast amount of research on collaborative arrangements and innovation, only a few studies examine influence of individual collaboration of members within an organization and their influence on firm innovation. This is surprising since several studies illustrate the important role individuals can play in knowledge acquisition and learning (e.g. mobility of engineers and scientist, star researchers and boundary spanners). Therefore, this dissertation investigates the impact of inter-organizational collaborations of scientists - as captured by co-authorship of research papers - on the patented innovative of firms. The results indicate that even after controlling for factors that have been previously suggested to impact the innovative output of a firm - including the firm's strategic alliances, star and non-star scientists, individual-level scientific ability, and R&D investment - the extent to which a firm's scientists collaborate externally on scientific articles positively influences the firm's innovative performance. Furthermore, individual collaborations between firm researchers and university researchers are particularly useful and regional spillovers enhance the impact of individual collaborations. Supporting the predictions derived from evolutionary economics and behavioral theories, firms with greater numbers of external individual collaborations are likely to grow increasingly aligned to the frontier of emerging innovation. Firms with greater numbers of strategic alliances and internal individual collaborations are likely to grow more distant from the innovation frontier and technological specialization decreases the alignment of firms to the innovative frontier. Thus this dissertation isolates and highlights the role of individual level collaboration in the firm innovation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sun, Xiuli. "Firm-level human capital and innovation: evidence from China." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53969.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines firm innovation in China from firm-level human capital per- spective since resource-based theory and upper echelon theory reveal that the reason why firms vary in performance is that they differ in human capital. Two types of human capital are examined: general human capital measured by number of highly educated workers, and managerial human capital measured by characteristics (edu- cation and age) of general manager and management team. Besides human capital indicators, we also take R&D, firm size, market structure, firm age, ownership, city fixed effects, and industry fixed effects into account. Given the fact that innovations are made up of multifarious elements and hard to measure and define, this thesis examines firm innovation from three different aspects, patent applications, product innovation and total factor productivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zahinos, Ruiz Abel. "Responsible innovation at the firm-level : tracing in car industry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385859.

Full text

Abstract:

Innovation is an essential activity for the competitiveness of firms. It has also contributed positively to increasing the living standards of millions of people. However, it is widely recognized that innovation co-produces unintended impacts on socio- economic and ecological systems. Existing mechanisms of control and authorization, i.e. regulations, are inefficient in preventing the diffusion of innovations which give rise to ethical, social, economic and/or environmental concerns. The ineffiency of regulations and the increasing capability of science and technology to create long-lasting and far-reaching impacts have stressed the need of introducing responsibility issues through innovation processes. The aim is to foster the generation of ethically acceptable, socially desirable and sustainable innovation. But, how can firms generate innovation in a more responsible manner? The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the Responsible Innovation (RI) approach. In particular, its aim is to propose and validate a framework for helping firms to innovate more responsibly. For achieving this aim, the thesis is organized around a two-stage research procedure. First, an extensive literature research on models and approaches of innovation is conducted to generate a theoretical framework explaining how to innovate more responsibly. The literature review reveals the shortcomings of the Linear and Interactive models, Innovation Systems models, Open Innovation model and the Sustainable Innovation approach, for helping firms to innovate responsibly. Therefore, the emerging approach of RI is explored. The literature review shows that three frameworks for RI have been proposed so far. The analysis of these frameworks leads to the adoption of one as the most suitable for addressing the research objective of this dissertation. The theoretical framework suggests that the generation of RI is contingent on ensuring care of certain values for sustainability through the innovation process. For ensuring care of values, the framework proposes five dimensions: Anticipation, Participation, Deliberation, Reflexivity and Responsiveness. As an evolving theory, the adopted framework shows two shortcomings that requires further research: 1) the framework does not suggest methods for deploying the dimensions at firm-level; and 2) it provides little empirical evidence supporting its validity. To overcome the first shortcoming, the five dimensions are further developed and a set of methods are proposed based on a literature review.The second stage of this thesis focuses on the empirical research part. This part aims to overcome the second shortcoming of the framework for RI, i.e. the little empirical evidence supporting its validity. Thereby, a multi-case study research strategy is adopted as the most suitable to test the validity of the framework. The research design involves the elaboration of a seven propositions. Then, three cases from the car industry are selected and analysed as potential instances of RI. The first case refers to an innovation process aimed to commercialize electric vehicles. The second case is an innovation process aimed at commecializing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for enhancing the safety and competitiveness of certain vehicles. The last case is an innovation process that created a new safety system aimed at reducing the potential consequences of car accidents. The cross-analysis of the cases provides evidence which confirmes the seven propositions and therefore the validity of the framework for explaining how to generate RI. Conclusions and practical implications for firms attempting to innovate responsibly are drawn based on the case results. The main contribution of this research is a set of validated mechanisms which can be used at the firm level for fostering the generation of innovation outcomes which contribute to sustainability.
La innovación es una actividad esencial para la competitividad de las empresas. Asimismo, la innovación ha contribuido al incremento de los niveles de vida de millones de personas. Por otra parte, es ampliamente reconocido que la innovación co-produce efectos no deseados sobre los sistemas socioeconómicos y/o ecológicos. Los actuales mecanismos de control y autorización, e.g. las regulaciones, han demostrado ser ineficaces en la prevención de la difusión de innovaciones que dan lugar a importantes problemas sociales, económicos y/o ambientales. Esto, junto con la creciente capacidad de la la tecnología para generar nuevos riesgos, han contribuido al debate sobre la necesidad de introducir más responsabilidad en los procesos de innovación para fomentar la generación de innovaciones éticamente aceptable, socialmente deseable y sostenible. Pero, ¿cómo pueden las empresas generar innovación de una manera más responsable? La finalidad de esta tesis es contribuir al desarrollo del enfoque de Innovación responsable (IR). Su objetivo es proponer y validar un marco de trabajo para ayudar a las empresas a innovar de manera más responsable. Para lograr este objetivo, la tesis está estructurada en dos partes. En la primera, se lleva a cabo una extensa revisión bibliográfica sobre los modelos y enfoques de innovación con el objetivo de desarrollar un marco teórico que explique cómo innovar responsablemente. La revisión revela las deficiencias de los modelos lineales e interactivos, los de sistemas de innovación, el de innovación abierta y el enfoque de innovación sostenible, para ayudar a las empresas a innovar responsablemente. Esto lleva a explorar un nuevo enfoque: la IR. La revisión de la literatura muestra que se han propuesto tres marcos para IR hasta la fecha. El análisis de éstos lleva a la adopción de uno como el más adecuado para abordar el objetivo de esta investigación. El marco teórico sugiere que la IR depende de garantizar la atención de ciertos valores para sostenibilidad a través del proceso de innovación. Para lograr esto, el marco propone cinco dimensiones: Anticipación, Participación, Deliberación, Reflexividad y Capacidad de respuesta. Debido a que la teoría está aún en desarrollo, el marco adoptado muestra defciencias que requieren más investigación: 1) el marco no sugiere métodos para el despliegue de las dimensiones a nivel de empresa; y 2) proporciona pocas evidencias empíricas que apoyen su validez. Para superar la primera deficiencia, las cinco dimensiones se han desarrollaron y un conjunto de métodos se ha propuesto para su despliegue. La segunda etapa de esta investigación se centra en la parte de investigación empírica. Su objetivo es comprobar la validez del marco de trabajo. Para ello, se adopta una estrategia de investigación basada en multiples casos de estudio. El diseño de la investigación conduce a la elaboración de siete proposiciones. Posteriormente, tres casos procedentes del sector de automoción son evaluados. El análisis de los casos proporciona pruebas que confirman las siete proposiciones y, por lo tanto, validan el marco adoptado para explicar cómo innovar responsablemente. A partir de los resultados del caso, se describen las conclusiones y las implicaciones para las empresas que tratan de innovar responsablemente. La principal contribución de esta tesis es un conjunto de mecanismos validados que se pueden utilizar a nivel de empresa para fomentar la generación de innovaciones que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Frenz, Marion Sylvia. "The determinants of firm level innovation performance in the UK." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430875.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Wood, William J. "Exploring Firm-Level Cloud Adoption and Diffusion." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7776.

Full text

Abstract:

Cloud computing innovation adoption literature has primarily focused on individuals, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations. The functional linkage between cloud adoption and diffusion is instrumental toward understanding enterprise firm-level adoption. The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to explore strategies used by information technology (IT) executives to make advantageous enterprise cloud adoption and diffusion decisions. This study was guided by an integrated diffusion of innovation and technology, organization, and environment conceptual framework to capture and model this complex, multifaceted problem. The study’s population consisted of IT executives with cloud-centric roles in 3 large (revenues greater than $5 billion) telecom-related companies with a headquarters in the United States. Data collection included semistructured, individual interviews (n = 19) and the analysis of publicly available financial documents (n = 50) and organizational technical documents (n = 41). Data triangulation and interviewee member checking were used to increase study findings validity. Inter- and intracase analyses, using open and axial coding as well as constant comparative methods, were leveraged to identify 5 key themes namely top management support, information source bias, organizational change management, governance at scale, and service selection. An implication of this study for positive social change is that IT telecom executives might be able to optimize diffusion decisions to benefit downstream consumers in need of services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yadati, Narasimhulu Supriya. "Influence of Regional-Level Institutional Factors on Firm-Level Innovation in an Emerging Economy - India." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40613.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines how regional-level factors combined with firm-level factors influence innovation in an emerging economy – India. Past literature has shown that differences in both country contexts and firm-level factors influence innovation. The bulk of this literature tended to focus on developed economies. The handful of studies that have considered contextual differences have studied these at the country-level or within regional blocks such as regions of Europe or Africa. There is a paucity of research, which investigates how differences in state-level factors within a single country combined with firm-level factors influence innovation within firms. Therefore, it is an open question whether the findings derived from developed economies and country-level studies apply equally to emerging economies, particularly at the state level within a single country. Thus, there is a gap in the literature regarding our understanding of the impact of combined state- and firm-level factors on innovation within a single country. This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of how state and firm-level factors drive innovation in India, an emerging economy. India is selected because it is a fast-growing emerging economy that is increasingly being integrated into the globalized world economy and thus understanding how these factors influence innovation in an emerging economy would complement the literature that focuses on developed countries. Moreover, India is a huge country with substantial varieties in resources, capabilities, institutions (both formal and informal institutions) as well as ethnic, religious, and cultural varieties. Contextually, these state-level differences are quite different from regions in the developed world where institutional differences tend to be relatively consistent (less varieties). Thus, the insights generated from this study of the Indian context complement prior research by identifying the state and firm factors that combine to drive firm-level innovation. This study also extends the innovation literature by focussing on state-level differences within a single emerging economy, for which there is limited research. The findings could also have practical managerial and policy implications. From a policy perspective, policymakers in India can get a deeper understanding of the relevant factors that influence firm-level innovation so that they can direct policy and resources to promote innovation in their respective states. From a managerial perspective, managers can also get a better understanding of strategies and investments they should take to enhance innovation within their firms. This study is based on data gathered from various sources including the World Bank Enterprise Survey and several sources from within India (Indiastat.com, NCAER State Investment Potential Index, India Innovation Index). The World Bank Enterprise Survey provides firm-level data while state-level data were obtained from the other reputable sources in India. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and multi-level modeling, given that firms are nested within states, thus, we can simultaneously model the micro and macro levels to assess the relevance of the regional context. The results of this study show that regional factors such as regulatory quality, corruption, and rule of law barriers negatively influence innovation in firms that invest in internal R&D to promote innovation. The results also show that regions that devote a higher proportion of their gross domestic product to innovation achieve higher levels of innovation. Further, regions that have higher levels of human capital stock (more skilled workers) and export technology tend to be more innovative. At the firm level, investments in both internal and external R&D and those that have highly experienced managers are more innovative than their peers. These results suggest that governments and policymakers can increase innovative activities of firms by providing a highly skilled labor force, invest heavily in R&D, reduce corruption, regulatory quality, and the rule of law barriers. For firm-level managers, this study indicates that higher levels of managerial capability and greater investments in both internal and external R&D can enhance the technical and innovative capabilities (absorptive capacity) of their firms. This may result in a competitive advantage through increased innovation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kleiner-Schäfer, Timo [Verfasser]. "Innovation in an emerging economy : firm-level evidence from Turkey / Timo Kleiner-Schäfer." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221270060/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mourani, Amid-George. "Productivity, profitability and innovation in the UK, 2000-2006 : an econometric firm level analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2284/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ray, Timothy Eric. "The process of technological change at firm level : some case studies of post-innovation performance." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332728.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is developed from the proposition that most innovations offer scope for further development. The research is aimed at identifying factors that guide the innovating firm in sustaining a path of competitive technological advance in the face of a changing operating environment. Empirical evidence relating to these factors is provided in fourteen case-studies of post-innovation performance. The point of departure for producing the present case-studies was a study of the causes of innovations that enabled firms to gain the Queen's Awardto Industry in 1966 or 1967. This study provided we11- documented accounts of how things looked in the 1ate-l960s and therefore represented an ideal starting-point for investigating post-innovation performance. The present case-studies of post-innovation performance reveal that the process of technological change at firm level does not, normal1y take the form of somewhat momentous, discrete innovations. Instead, evidence is provided to support, the idea that the firm can be viewed as the custodian of a bundle of technological knowledge which can be marshalled to develop a particular area of innovation with regard to the changing constraints and opportunities that are generated by a changing operational environment. By combining aspects of the literature on technological change with the principles of Schumpeterian competition, an evolutionary perspective on the process of technological change at firm level is developed. It is argued that this perspective is more appropriate to an interpretation of technological change than static models of discrete innovations. A central feature of this evolutionary perspective is that, in addition to continuity in the development of the supply of technology, there are parallel changes in user-requirements. The innovating finn is then cast in the role of mediator between changes in technology and the evolution of user-requirements. It is shown that users are not usually concerned with the intrinsic qualities of a technology as such but rather with a given technology's ability to supply a set of desirable properties. The concept of a users' property-set is developed as a means of defining the arena of canpetition within which rival firms vie to meet evolving user-requirements. Evidence is provided which shows how the users' property-set can change over time and thereby change the nature of the ecooomic selection mechanismam hence the competitive position of the innovating firm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Li, Jian. "Regional innovation, inward FDI and industrial structure : a provincial and firm level study of China." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8548.

Full text

Abstract:

Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is believed to be a carrier of advanced knowledge to host countries, but how regional factors might impact FDI spillover effects is still uncertain. Meanwhile, regional industrial structure, i.e. specialization and diversity, has been frequently discussed in the literature, but there is no consensus about which type of industrial structure can promote regional innovation. In this thesis, the above two streams of literature are integrated and a theoretical model is proposed in which regional FDI and industrial structure are hypothesized to have direct and interactive effects on regional innovativeness. Provincial- and firm-level panel datasets (2000-2010) were compiled for empirical analyses. The results indicate that a foreign presence is beneficial for both regional and firm innovation capability while these associations are contingent on the level of industrial structure, namely the degree of specialization and diversity. A greater level of regional specialization is less likely to facilitate regional innovators to gain positive spillovers from FDI while an increase in diversity is more likely to reinforce the positive effects of foreign presence on regional innovativeness. As China has become the biggest FDI recipient country in the world in recent years and the Chinese industrial structure has been changing rapidly during the last few decades, an empirical study in the Chinese context would be ideal to examine the debate on the roles of industrial structure and FDI in promoting regional innovativeness. Overall, this research aims to advance the understanding about the moderating role of regional industrial structure in affecting the spillover effect of FDI on regional and firm innovation. The findings not only provide empirical evidence for the specialization versus diversity debate, but also highlight the essential role of contextual factors in facilitating regional innovativeness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Bonner, Karen Ann. "Firm-level productivity growth in Northern Ireland : the impact of exporting, innovation and public financial assistance." Thesis, Aston University, 2016. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/28590/.

Full text

Abstract:

Motivated by the historically poor productivity performance of Northern Ireland firms and the longstanding productivity gap with the UK, the aim of this thesis is to examine, through the use of firm-level data, how exporting, innovation and public financial assistance impact on firm productivity growth. These particular activities are investigated due to the continued policy focus on their link to productivity growth and the theoretical claims of a direct positive relationship. In order to undertake these analyses a newly constructed dataset is used which links together cross-sectional and longitudinal data over the 1998-2008 period from the Annual Business Survey, the Manufacturing Sales and Export Survey; the Community Innovation Survey and Invest NI Selective Financial Assistance (SFA) payment data. Econometric methodologies are employed to estimate each of the relationships with regards to productivity growth, making use in particular of Heckman selection techniques and propensity score matching to take account of critical issues of endogeneity and selection bias. The results show that more productive firms self-select into exporting but there is no resulting productivity effect from starting to export; contesting the argument for learning-by-exporting. Product innovation is also found to have no impact on productivity growth over a four year period but there is evidence of a negative process innovation impact, likely to reflect temporary learning effects. Finally SFA assistance, including the amount of the payment, is found to have no short term impact on productivity growth suggesting substantial deadweight effects and/or targeting of inefficient firms. The results provide partial evidence as to why Northern Ireland has failed to narrow the productivity gap with the rest of the UK. The analyses further highlight the need for access to comprehensive firm-level data for research purposes, not least to underpin robust evidence-based policymaking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hammer-Langrock, Andrea [Verfasser], and I. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ott. "Effects of Cities on Firm-level Innovation - Empirical Studies for Germany / Andrea Hammer-Langrock ; Betreuer: I. Ott." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136021582/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Egbetokun, Abiodun Adeyemi [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Cantner, Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Witt, and Jorge [Akademischer Betreuer] Niosi. "Cooperation resources, absorptive capacity and firm-level innovation / Abiodun Adeyemi Egbetokun. Gutachter: Uwe Cantner ; Ulrich Witt ; Jorge Niosi." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049929462/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Labuschagne, Johannes Riaan. "Human capital constraints in South Africa : a firm level analysis / J.R. Labuschagne." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4452.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines human capital constraints in the South African economy, and the austerity these constraints have on firms in the country. The first part of the study identifies the main human capital constraints facing South Africa, and explains how these constraints influence an economy. An inadequately educated workforce along with restrictive labour regulations makes out the central components of these constraints. The second part explores all the relevant constraints individually, and determines the cause of their existence. The final part of this study consists of a firm level analysis that describes human capital constraints experienced by firms in South Africa. Regression analysis examines the determinants of increased output per worker in manufacturing firms. These determinants also indicate the cause of growth in output per worker. Human capital aspects such as education, labour regulation, compensation and competition are all shown to have a considerable influence on output per worker. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the explanatory variables achieved similar results. For this analysis, latent variables that incorporated education, training, region and Sector Education Training Authority (SETA) support and effectiveness explained the highest percentage of the total variance. However, this study found no evidence to suggest that human capital development initiatives like training programmes and SETA support have a positive relationship with increased levels of productivity.
Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kussainova, Gaukhar B. "INNOVATION BEHAVIOR OF AGRI-FOOD SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: EMERGING COUNTRIES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/71.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the innovative behavior of agri-food firms located in Central and Eastern Europe. In the literature, empirical analyses on innovation activities of firms focus on various case studies from around the world. However, very few studies explored the innovation of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from Central and Eastern Europe’s agri-food sector. The analysis uses the logit estimation method and firm-level data, which are obtained from ERBD-World Bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). Results suggest that firms that spent some proportion of their financial budget on research and development (R&D), had workforce training programs and bought fixed assets are more likely to launch product, process, organizational and marketing innovations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Horsthuis, Christopher. "The importance of organisational slack as an unexplored determinant of firm level innovation and performance in the construction context." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21519.

Full text

Abstract:

Construction literature forwards innovation as a desirable objective for firms. Innovation is argued to; improve the firm s performance, increase market share, establish a competitive advantage, and ultimately ensure firm survival. Literature has overlooked the role of organisational slack within construction firms as a determinant of innovation despite the concept being well developed within the general management literature. This research uncovers and examines the impact of organisational slack on firm-level innovation as a determinant of innovation within the construction sector. This work forwards organisational slack as an unexplored firm level determinant of innovation within the construction context. Using the resource-based view of the firm, as a framework for firms, the thesis develops links between previously established firm level determinates of innovation to and slack to support its proposal as a determinant of innovation. Following this traditional measures of innovation argued fail to accurately capture innovation in the construction context, with patents represent inventions, while R&D expenditure is not applicable within the construction. Due to these failures of traditional approaches to measuring innovation, firm level performance is forwarded as a proxy measure for innovation outcomes. Developing existing slack literature, this thesis develops hypotheses proposing inverse U-shaped (n) and U-shaped (u) relationships between the level of slack and innovation outcomes. The thesis presents mixed method research. Study 1 adopts a deductive research strategy, incorporating statistical analysis to test the hypothesised relationships. The Research Design develops and Archival analysis research method; mirroring the approaches of econometric research found in slack literature. The data analysis explores two contexts: construction and manufacturing, allowing a comparative baseline to be established. The analysis of data from this study reveals that discrepancies in the R2 between the contexts is largely the result of the inability of control variables (Age, Size and Number of employees), to explain variation in firm performance (as a proxy for innovation outcomes) in a construction context, rather than the unsuitability of slack in the construction context. In construction firms, Unabsorbed Slack and Financial Slack demonstrated statistically significant results supporting an inverse U-shaped relationship with firm performance (n) supporting Hypothesis 1a and 1b. Contrary to this Absorbed Slack and Human Resource Slack demonstrated statistically significant results demonstrating a U-relationship (u) between slack and performance supporting hypothesis 2b (H2b). Study 2 adopts a deductive research strategy, incorporating semi-structured interviews as a source of primary data in order to explore the slack-innovation relationship in greater depth. Primarily, this study provided evidence to suggest that construction firms do not directly measure innovation. Instead, firms choose to measure outcomes of changes within the firm, typically in terms of measure relating to firm financial performance. Evidence from this study supports the proposal of firm financial performance as a viable proxy for innovation outcomes in Study 1. In addition to this when faced with changes to their environment, participants responses typically supported a positive linear relationship between the level of organisational slack and the firm. This research is the first to examine the impact of organisational slack on construction firm financial performance (as a proxy for innovation). This relationship is curvilinear in nature, however, the results are inconclusive if it is inverse U shaped (n) or U shaped (u) based upon conflicting evidence from different slack variables. What can be ascertained however, is that the level of slack impacts firm level performance and theoretically impacts firm level innovation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bonnyai, Samuel. "Innovation modes, determinants and policy effectiveness : a firm level empirical study using the UK CIS 4, 5 and 6." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4689/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis makes use of recently collected UK Community Innovation Survey data to investigate 3 areas that allow to characterise and thus understand more clearly the innovation process in the UK. Firstly strategies of innovation used by firms are identified. Next the determinants of innovation, that is factors driving innovation inputs and outputs, are estimated. Thirdly this work examines the effectiveness of financial public support towards innovation. This also allows to establish which firms are more likely to be in receipt of public support and thus whether government innovation policy is in line with its objectives. Furthermore in this thesis a measure of absorptive capacity for the CIS is created, to see whether this proxy contributes in explaining innovative activities and the receipt of public support towards innovation. Similarly a measure of appropriability is generated for use as an explanatory variable in the estimation of the determinants of innovation. Both of these measures permit to find out if their latent variables have nonlinear effects in explaining propensity and extent of innovative spending. All these aspects have not received attention in previous literature, in large part due to the novelty of the data used. Besides the empirical evidence gained on the above, the addition to the literature of this thesis lies in examining several CIS survey rounds together. For one this serves as a robustness check for the conducted applications and on the other hand it allows investigating the comparability of the survey rounds. For this work the CIS 4, the CIS 5 and the CIS 6 are used as they are the most similar and comparable samples of UK businesses to date. Nevertheless it was found that differences in terms of design, wording and exclusion of responses to some question sets in the different surveys impedes their use for trend analysis and panel data analysis. Something the data collecting agencies need to address in the future. Despite these issues the conducted investigation has provided useful insights into innovation as it takes place in the UK. The first empirical chapter has been able to identify two major modes of innovation as captured by the survey. A ‘traditional’ or ‘linear’ strategy aimed at introducing product and process innovations, relying on innovative activities such as R&D and also making use of sources of information, more strongly from market sources then from science sources. Secondly a ‘dynamic’ or ‘systemic’ strategy also involving innovative activities such as R&D but more strongly making use of knowledge sources from science as well as relying on cooperation. The interpretation of this “blue skies strategy” which is not directly linked to achieving technological outputs is that it generates knowledge that helps to keep abreast of market developments and to be ready to spot opportunities in line with the literature on dynamic capabilities thus the identified strategies allow for a plausible interpretation congruent with innovation theory. In this chapter the aforementioned measure of appropriation and absorptive capacity were also successfully generated. These were then shown to play a significant role in explaining innovative activities in the subsequent empirical chapter, both exhibiting decreasing returns to scale. Following the CDM methodology this work has confirmed that knowledge capital as proxied by predicted R&D spending intensity is as important in generating service innovations as it is in stimulating goods innovations for the UK. The results also show that absorptive capacity not only indirectly impacts the likehood of introducing service innovations through its effect on knowledge capital as for goods innovations but also directly. This suggests that services once conceived further have to be tailored to individual customer’s needs. Hence absorptive capacity is specifically important in a developed economy dominated by service sector industries. At the same time the fit of the models confirmed that the CIS could do better at explaining service and process innovations by soliciting more information that are likely to cause these types of innovation. Finally further support for the innovation productivity nexus has been found. The last empirical chapter then established that absorptive capacity is also an important factor explaining the likehood of firms to be in receipt of financial public support towards innovation. This chapter further concluded that the financial public support towards innovation in the UK has in the recent past been effective at stimulating innovative performance besides just R&D spending. The government’s objective of supporting start-ups, that potentially face difficulties in financing their innovative activities, as well as supporting cooperation, vital for the dissemination of knowledge in the economy, is met according to the results. However SMEs could not be shown to be statistically more likely to be in receipt of public support despite facing the same problems as start-ups, though at least they are not less likely to be in receipt of public support then large firms. This finding stipulates that policy objectives are not achieved with regard to specifically targeting SMEs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Costa, Janaina Oliveira Pamplona da. "Technology policy, network governance and firm-level innovation in the software industry : a study of two Brazilian software networks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/42741/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines how regional level network governance and structure influence the effectiveness of technology policy to improve local firms' innovativeness in a developing country context. It examines whether network governance and structure have a consistent influence on the innovative performance of firms located in developing country regions that show different levels of socio-economic development. The empirical evidence is based on a multiple case study of two regional software networks in Brazil – Campinas and Recife – in the period 2006 to 2009. Studies show that regional networks and industry growth in developed countries involve some degree of co-evolution. Networks are supposed to foster firm-level innovation, since government policies tend to assume that firms learn by interacting and that new knowledge is essential for innovation. Inspired by these findings, governments in developing countries often seek to address industry and regional development by encouraging the formation of regional networks. Policies aimed at supporting development of networks have become an important instrument to support interaction among firms, and between firms and other network actors. However, the investigation of networks, and especially the formation of dyadic ties and network consistency, is rarely the subject of empirical work on developing countries' innovation systems. Existing studies of networks tend to provide little empirical evidence on multi-organisational interaction and often do not investigate the related controlling mechanisms, which are crucial for a better understanding and more effective policies. This thesis, using a single analytical framework, provides a study of technology policy, multi-organisational network governance and structure, and firm level innovative performance. The research examines two Brazilian software industry networks established in the early 1990s, promoted by a national government programme to support the formation of regional networks. The histories of the information and communication technology (ICT) industries in the two regions are very different. The ICT industry in Campinas benefited from long-term national support, while the ICT industry in Recife received little direct support through national policies. The history of each network (i.e. infancy and evolution) is described until 2009. National government programmes to support these networks were complemented by local and state level policies aimed at developing the respective regional software industries. We observe the innovative performance of local firms participating in these regional networks in the period 2006-2009. The finding from this doctoral research is that network governance and structure had a mixed influence on the effectiveness of government technology policy to promote firm-level innovation in the networks investigated; the thesis sets out some of the reasons for the differences in firm level innovative performance in the two networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Fikirkoca, Ali. "Globalisation of innovation and firm-level transformations in the new economy : A comparative institutional analysis of French and UK multinational corporations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511208.

Full text

Abstract:

The aims of this thesis are: To develop and offer an analytical/theoretical framework to understand the interaction of key factors shaping the innovation process (organisational, institutional and - the often forgotten role of - global political economy factors). To apply our theoretical/analytical framework to the analysis of the new economy sector. To do so with a specific focus on the key role played by the Multinational Corporation (MNC) under the conditions of an ever integrated world economy: firstly by providing an analysis of global industrial conditions coming out of cross-border inter-finn arrangements (mergers, acquisitions and alliances) orchestrated by the MNCs and secondly by analysing the ensuing impact of this participation on the social conditions of innovative enterprise in the case of French and UK MNCs. To provide a better understanding of the new economy phenomenon and the contemporary conditions of innovation process (especially the role of the emerging transnational innovation space). This thesis is organised as following. The first chapter introduces the reader to the discussion and provides an outline of the direction and structure of the thesis which is organised in three parts. The first part of the PhD is concerned with the ideas which will enable us to produce an analysis of the data which will take up the second and third part of the thesis. The first two chapters are concerned with an analysis of the literature on innovation by writers such as Robert Boyer, Carlota Perez, William Lazonick and Richard Whitley. This literature review will address the background on which our argument is based. To highlight the contribution of the innovation process to economic development under the conditions of capitalism (systemic effects). iv To develop a better understanding of the innovation process by depicting the underlying key factors involved (the role of 'necessary impurities') and with a specific focus on the main actor of the innovation process: the firm. To develop an analytical/conceptual model that incorporates all the 'necessary impurities' contributing to the innovation process especially emphasising the often forgotten role of the exogenous factors associated with the global political economy in the innovation process (dominance effects and international institutions). The following chapters will then apply our analytical framework to the analysis of the new economy, in two separate parts, in order to understand the contemporary conditions of the innovation process in an ever-increasingly integrated world economy. The second part of our thesis, will examine criticallly the literature in order to analyse the exogenous (global political economy) factors associated with the emergence of the new economy, shaping the transnational innovation process. This requires firstly the understanding of dominance effects in the new economy (the influence exercised by the US industrial leadership). This in return will require the identification of the social conditions of the inovative enterprise (chapter 4) and the ensuing industrial conditions (chapter 5) of this country as we have previously argued in our theoretical/conceptual model of the innovation process. This will also require the understanding of the international rules of game and the role of the EU and Asia challenging US leadership (chapter 6). This literature review is followed by a methodology chapter, in the third part of our thesis, that will link the theoretical considerations of the literature to methodological concepts. This chapter will be followed by our empirical research. Therefore part three is organised as follows. In chapter 7 we develop a methodology to analyse the global impact of dominance effects in the new economy. v In chapter 8 we analyse the global industrial conditions through an analysis of crossborder inter-finn arrangements (strategic alliances and mergers and acquisitions) of 37 Multinational Corporations that are market leaders in the new economy and that are the primary actors in the transnational economy. In chapter 9 we analyse the social conditions of innovative enterprise in the French and the UK MNCs that are challenged by the dominance effects. We will then conclude our thesis, before outlining the limitations of the PhD and areas for further related research. vi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Pu, Zhaoxin [Verfasser], and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Harhoff. "Spillovers and selection of ideas : firm-level evidence from innovation networks, multinationals in China and crowdfunding platforms / Zhaoxin Pu ; Betreuer: Dietmar Harhoff." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/123075489X/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hoogendoorn, Marc. "Firm-level entrepreneurship in the Second Great Depression : A quantitative study on the influence of EO on performance in the economic crisis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-76239.

Full text

Abstract:

Anno 2013 Europe resides in a severe economic crisis that has been lasting for five years. Companies are struggling to deal with the influences of this crisis and require strategic insights to maintain performance. According to theory entrepreneurship and innovation are central mechanisms in the creation of wealth in the capitalist system and an entrepreneurial strategy could provide relatively much benefit in a crisis period. This study focuses on the central question: How does an entrepreneurial orientation affect the performance of companies in the economic crisis? To answer this question a variety of theories on entrepreneurship, innovation and the creation of wealth in capitalism were examined. On many occasions quantitative research has been performed to measure the relationship between an entrepreneurial orientation and performance. This study provides an extra dimension by using archival financial data of companies during and before the crisis to draw comparisons and examine developments in performance in relation to an entrepreneurial orientation. Data on the entrepreneurial orientation was collected with an online survey which was sent to companies. The results of the survey indicated the degree of entrepreneurial orientation of the companies in separate categories; innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking. The results were linked to their financial performance which was obtained from a database. Comparisons between the performance before and during the crisis in relation to the scores on entrepreneurship were made, and the development of their financial performance since the crisis was examined. The results of this study indicate that an entrepreneurial orientation has a relatively more positive influence on performance during the crisis. However the relationship between an entrepreneurial orientation and performance is highly dependent on the company and type of industry so no unilateral positive correlations with performance were found. For a set of industrial, manufacturing, chemical and service companies the development of the financial performance since the crisis is highly positively correlated with innovativeness and proactiveness. For a set of other company types including foundations, (public) utility companies, (public) real estate companies, construction companies, trade and investment firms no correlations were found. The findings in this study indicate that depending on the type of company and industry, an entrepreneurial orientation can have a strong positive effect on the development of financial performance in the crisis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Rebelo, Guilherme Luís Sampaio. "Determinantes da propensão a inovar entre sectores industriais: análise empírica da sua variância e do seu posicionamento nos países desenvolvidos e Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1012.

Full text

Abstract:

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão da Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação
O objectivo desta investigação é o de analisar a relação entre a variância da propensão a patentear por sectores industriais, e os possíveis determinantes dessa variância em 10 economias desenvolvidas (EUA, Canadá, Japão, França, Itália, Alemanha, Reino Unido, Finlândia, Holanda e Dinamarca), sendo um capítulo dedicado exclusivamente a Portugal. Até há bem pouco tempo atrás esta análise não era possível. As bases de dados de patentes estão organizadas de acordo com uma classificação tecnológica, enquanto que as estatísticas económicas são organizadas de acordo com a afiliação sectorial de empresas. Porém, a recente publicação de nome "OECD Technology Concordance -OTC" tornou compatível e disponível informação sobre patentes a um nível sectorial. A fonte original da OTC é o European Patent Office. A análise efectuada relaciona os dados por sector industrial provenientes do OTC com informação sobre possíveis determinantes do patenteamento. Uma matriz de concordância teve que ser construída para tornar a informação proveniente de 6 fontes diferentes, perfeitamente compatível. É efectuada uma análise empírica através de um modelo econométrico que foi corrido separadamente para cada país e assumiu a forma geral log-lin. Seguidamente foi estimado um modelo com todos os países agrupados, pretendendo-se criar um exemplo único que permitisse obter estimativas expectáveis comparáveis com dados reais. Foram utilizadas as médias dos anos 93/94/95/96. A variável dependente foi representada através de "patentes por trabalhador por sector industrial". As variáveis explicativas principais são: APP (eficiência das patentes na apropriabilidade dos lucros em inovação); EFFORT (intensidade em I&D); SIZE (distribuição dimensional de empresas em cada indústria); e X/VAB ou X/VBP (propensão à exportação). As variáveis explicativas secundárias são: GVAB (oportunidade de mercado para inovar) e StPATDID (produtividade do investimento em I&D). A estimação econométrica revelou que APP e EFFORT são significativas para a maioria das economias, enquanto X/VAB ou X/VBP tendem a ser estatisticamente significativas em países fora da UE, ou países com comportamentos desviantes dentro da UE. Finalmente, temos que a variável SIZE, apesar de significativa estatisticamente, tem um impacto negativo no patenteamento. As variáveis secundárias têm fraca aderência ao modelo. Utilizando os resultados estatísticos do modelo Europeu no modelo Português, efectuámos a comparação da procura de patentes efectivamente existente em Portugal com aquelas que seriam expectáveis de acordo com a norma dada pelo grupo de países da UE. Finalizamos o estudo com as possíveis implicações destes resultados para teoria de inovação e na formulação de política públicas.
The aim of this investigation is to analyze the relationship between the variance of patenting propensity across different industrial sectors, and the possible determinants of that variance in 10 economies (US, Canada, Japan, France, Italy, Germany, UK, Finland, Netherlands and Denmark). We dedicate a chapter exclusively to Portugal. Until recently such analysis would not be possible. Patent statistics have been organized according to a technological classification, while economic statistics are organized according to the sectoral affiliation of firms. However, the recently published "OECD Technology Concordance - OTC" database has made available patenting data on a sectoral level. The original source of the OTC information is the European Patent Office. The analysis we carried out related the sectoral OTC data with information about the possible determinants of patenting. A concordance matrix had to be built to make compatible information stemming from 6 different sources. The econometric model that was run separately for each country, assumed the log-lin form with average values for years 93/94/95/96. As it follows we ran a generic model to all 10 countries, in order to create a unique example that would allow comparable estimates with real data. The dependent variable has been represented by "patents per employee". The main explanatory variables are: APP (effectiveness of patents to appropriate the returns on innovation); EFFORT (R&D intensity); SIZE (dimensional distribution of firms in each industry); and X/GVA or X/GDP (export propensity). The secondary explanatory variables are: gGVA (market opportunity to innovate) and StPATDID (R&D productivity). The econometric estimation revealed that APP and EFFORT are significant for most economies, while X/GVA or X/GDP tends to be statistically significant only for non-EU countries, or countries with deviant behaviour inside EU. Finally SIZE despite always very significant has a negative impact on patenting. The secondary variables have poor adherence to the model. Applying the European results to the Portuguese Model, we can compare the patents actually requested to those expectable with the European structure. The paper finalizes with the implications of these results for both innovation theory and policy formulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Barreneche, Garcia Andrés. "Intellectual Capital as a Driver of Product Innovation : empirical Studies on European Firms." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111001.

Full text

Abstract:

La théorie des ressources affirme que les avantages concurrentiels résident dans la mobilisation des actifs précieux qui sont difficiles à imiter. L'Approche du Capital Immatériel (ACI) prolonge cet argument en étudiant ces ressources; plus particulièrement celles qui sont fondées sur la connaissance et qui peuvent être classifiées dans l'une des catégories suivantes: Capital Humain, Capital Structurel, ou Capital Relationnel.Cette thèse cherche à évaluer l'ACI en tant que cadre pour rechercher les conditions favorables permettant aux entreprises d'innover en créant des nouveaux biens et services (produits). Spécifiquement, ce projet doctoral vise à analyser les rôles de chaque type de capital immatériel dans l'innovation de produits. Fondée sur des données européennes, cette thèse examine différents types d'entreprises (nouvelles, petites et moyennes entreprises, et grandes entreprises) et les secteurs d'activités (y compris l'industrie et les services). Le Chapitre 1 examine le capital humain et d'autres déterminants du taux de création d'entreprises dans les villes européennes. Ensuite, le Chapitre 2 examine l'impact de la diffusion des connaissances sur la façon dont l'investissement en R&D interne apporte à l'innovation de produits. Puis, le Chapitre 3 utilise le concept de capacité d'absorption pour explorer comment les similarités des actifs immatériels entre les entreprises sont associées à la performance de leur capital relationnel.En général, ce projet doctoral souligne que l'ACI fournit un cadre propice pour formuler et vérifier des hypothèses concernant les moteurs de l'innovation de produits. Il permet de mener des études portant sur la façon dont les entreprises mobilisent leurs actifs immatériels afin de développer et commercialiser de nouveaux produits. Par ailleurs, cette approche facilite l'interprétation des résultats afin de recommander des décisions managériales et des politiques publiques visant à articuler davantage les pratiques des entreprises
The resource-based view of the firm argues that competitive advantages lie in the use of valuable resources that are difficult to emulate. The intellectual capital-based view (ICV) extends this argument by studying such resources; particularly intangible (or knowledge) assets that may be classified in three main components: human, structural, and relational capital.This thesis aims to evaluate the ICV as a framework for understanding the favorable conditions that allow firms to innovate by creating new goods and services (i.e., products). Specifically, this thesis seeks to analyze the specific roles of each capital capital component in product innovation. Using European data, it covers an ample range of firm types (i.e, nascent firms, small and medium-sized enterprises, and large firms) and business sectors (including manufacturing and services). Chapter 1 investigates human capital and other determinants of business creation as a measure of entrepreneurship in European cities. Chapter 2 examines the impact of knowledge spillovers on in-house R&D investment and innovation performance in firms. Chapter 3 leverages the concept of absorptive capacity to explore whether similar configurations of IC are associated with the performance of relational capital in companies.Overall, this dissertation finds that the ICV provides a fertile ground to formulate and test hypotheses concerning the drivers of product innovation. It allows to focus research on how companies mobilize intangible assets in order to develop and commercialize new goods and services. Furthermore, this approach provides several lessons for managers and policy recommendations that may help to articulate corporate practices

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Sebhatu, Abiel. "Deregulation of the Swedish Audit Industry and Changes in the Competitive Environment : Conflict, Imitation, and Innovativeness." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45182.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the deregulation of the audit industry in Sweden, the changing competitive environment and innovativeness, a research gap that has not yet been bridged. This paper raises the question of how the innovativeness of firms within the audit industry have changed after deregulation. The ambition of this research is to have both theoretical and practical knowledge contribution. The theoretical framework constructed for this research is rooted in the literature review of three areas: strategy and competition, deregulation, and organizational innovativeness. These three streams of research are used in order to examine the expectations that the industry has on the changing strategic landscape. Four perspectives and schools of thought in strategy and competition literature are reviewed: the competitive forces, strategic conflict school, resource-based school, and dynamic school. These schools are then put into two categories that are substantial opposites of one another; market power and efficiency. The need to consider these perspectives are addressed as follows: the perspective of competitive forces allows for understanding the industry structure, the strategic conflict school – to analyze the moves and interactions between competitors, the resource-based school – to understand firms resources, and finally, the dynamic school – to understand firms processes and capabilities. Summarizing and integrating these perspectives formed a hypothesized understanding that reflected the effects of deregulation and organizational innovativeness. In order to avoid modest pattern of deregulatory effects that could emerge by observations made in the early stage of deregulation, a methodological point of departure that is socially constructed and the production of knowledge that is based on interpretations and narratives were argued for. The research is furthermore based on a mix of deductive and inductive approach. The discussion with an industry member led to an interesting research context chosen as unit of analysis, which included the emerging tension between auditors and accounting-consultants. While the auditors’ believed in negative effects from the deregulation, the accounting-consultants had the opposite perception. Case-study approach with semi-structured and open-ended interviews were conducted on representatives from six firms, half of which represented the auditors and the rest the accounting-consultants. The presentation of results followed the structure of market power, efficiency, and organizational innovativeness. The analysis of the results shows how firms within the audit industry had changed during the transition towards post-deregulation era. It shows how the previous construction of the audit-industry, characterized by homogeneity, has been decomposed and transformed to become more heterogeneous, by the new attractions and alternatives that now exist on the market. These attractions and alternatives creates incitement for decreased interaction between competitors that causes firms to engage in conflicts, and to redistribute their resources in order to imitate each others processes, which in turn creates new organizational innovativeness. The findings of this research also shows how the resources that were possessed by the firm before the deregulation tend to determine how the firm utilize the innovativeness in relation to the market after the deregulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Goudie, Bryan Daniel. "Essays on regional and firm-level productivity, military spending, and technology." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3297859.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 12, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Jaax, Alexander. "Essays on disparities in innovative performance and economic development in emerging countries : a regional and firm-level investigation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3540/.

Full text

Abstract:

The global economic system has been undergoing fundamental changes since the 1980s. Many emerging countries drastically increased their openness to trade and foreign investments. Formerly socialist countries entered a transition towards a market-based model and deepened their integration into the global economy. As a result, the geography of trade, investment flows, and innovation is becoming more multipolar. This thesis seeks to improve our understanding of the links between these macro-level shifts and the geography of innovation, spatial patterns of economic deprivation, as well as firm-level outcomes in emerging countries. This thesis is structured into an introductory chapter and four analytical papers. The introductory chapter outlines three themes corresponding to the areas to which this thesis makes a contribution: (1) the interplay of the local and the global dimension in shaping regional patterns of knowledge creation, (2) the link between the relative weight of the private sector and spatial patterns of economic deprivation, and (3) the role of global production networks and the changing geography of trade in shaping regional patterns of innovative performance and heterogeneous firm-level outcomes. The first paper examines the geography of innovation in Russia, adopting a perspective that combines Soviet-era legacies, contemporaneous regional conditions, and global linkages. The results shed light on multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) role as key agents providing Russian regions with knowledge from distant places. The findings simultaneously point to the importance of path dependencies in regional patterns of knowledge generation. The second paper investigates the link between regional innovative performance in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia and investments of MNEs categorized by entry mode and business function. The analysis suggests that the relationship between global linkages established by MNEs and regional knowledge creation is jointly shaped by the heterogeneity of MNEs’ investments and the heterogeneity of region-specific conditions in Latin American economies at different stages of technological development. The third paper focuses on Vietnam, a country that has seen some provinces act as pioneers and others as laggards in the journey towards an outward-oriented marketbased economy. The link between the private sector’s weight in the economy and economic deprivation is a topic of considerable policy interest, but its subnational dimension remains underexplored. The analysis considers the relationship between provincial differences in the change of private firms’ formal employment share and changes in the geography of economic deprivation. The findings reveal that increases in private firms’ employment share are associated with reductions in poverty. MNEs appear to be a key driver of this association. Finally, the fourth paper concerns Vietnam’s growing trade with China. It looks at the link between imports from China and firm-level outcomes in Vietnam’s manufacturing sector. The results show that, contrary to previous findings for advanced economies, exposure to imports from China is positively linked with firm-level employment. Information on trade in intermediates suggests that inputs imported from China may support Vietnam’s export growth. The findings cast light on the necessity to consider the role of global production networks and trade in intermediates when assessing the developmental implications of changing trade patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.

Full text

Abstract:

Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Al-Wreikat, ASSYAD. "A THREE PART ESSAY ON THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES ON FIRM LEVEL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY A SYNTHESIS OF EFFECT, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1243.

Full text

Abstract:

Our analysis contains three essay that look to the effect of innovations given a diverse set of measures. The purpose of the first chapter, which is divided into two levels, is two-fold. First, via a Probit model, we assess the effect subsidies have on firm level innovation and determine if these effects impound in firm level performance given these subsidies. Second, we seek to determine the extent subsidies promote learning and hence positively impact outcomes associated with innovation. We do so by employing the theory of absorptive capacity to guide efforts to isolate the effects that the combination or interaction of investments in research and development and foreign technology have on firm level performance. We adopt Ordinary Least Squares in this endeavor. In the second chapter, we measure, evaluate, and assess whether external infrastructures allow firms to exploit their resources in order to gain maximum efficiency and effectiveness. In this regard, we review the impact infrastructures have on the capacity of a firm to innovate when those infrastructures are viewed as key to the operations of a firm. In doing so, our goal is to assess the impact of these infrastructures components on firm performance. We do so through a Probt model. The purpose of third chapter is to determine the role innovation has in firm performance. Our approach, in essence, seeks to assess the role innovation and subsidies, individually and collectively, have on firm performance. Our study makes use of ordinary least squares regression to investigate this query.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Tseng, Chun-Chou, and 曾俊洲. "Exploring Innovation Outcomes on a Nation, Firm and Individual Level." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25748527073529649393.

Full text

Abstract:

博士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
102
Innovation has been a force of development for a nation, firm and individual in the new knowledge-based economy and thus is the primary method for adapting to a dynamic environment. In this study, we focused on the display of innovation performance from a nation, a firm and an individual level. On a nation level, research and development (R&;D) activity is multifaceted and R &; D in high technology is most active in Taiwan. The innovation outcome of nanotechnology was the focus of study 1. Nanotechnology has seen rapid growth and expansion in recent years. One interesting question to ask is whether or not there is a different development in innovative ability and performance among countries and as to a reference of innovation outcomes of a nation level. This study presents results on the international analysis of nanotechnology patents using U.S. Patent and Trademark office (USPTO) data derived from NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research, USA) website searched by keywords of the entire text between 1976 and 2002 for the ten leading countries. After characterizing the citation linkage as indicator relationships between nanotechnology development and innovation, we aim to compare the innovative ability and performance of the ten leading countries in nanotechnology and contribute to a better understanding of competitive advantage of nations in nanotechnology, to better understand the moves of their competitors and potential commercial benefits. For example, Taiwan and South Korea had a higher percentage of backward citation lags in recent years because of the rapid progress in nanotechnology. In the annual bias-adjusted Herfindahl index, Taiwan, South Korea and Australia had been relatively concentrated in certain areas in nanotechnology development. This implies that nanotechnology development in Taiwan is specialized rather than diversified. In addition, Taiwan was ranked ninth in average of patent numbers from 1976 to 2002 and the trend is increasing. Taiwan was ranked fifth in 2002, evidence of the level of activity in Taiwan of nanotechnology publishing patents. Second, on a firm level, this study focuses on the strategies used by publicly listed firms in Taiwan to generate the capability of integrating organizational innovation and investigates the impacts of these strategies on organizational performance. A hierarchical regression analysis is used to look at the relationships between organizational innovation strategies and performance. The dataset comes from several sources, including USPTO, firms’ public financial reports from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database, and returned questionnaires from an organizational innovation survey in 2009. Three different data sources are analyzed to secure the validity of the survey data and to avoid common method bias. This study finds that a firm’s innovation characteristics, including innovation assets, innovation capabilities, and innovation strategies to integrate external resources, positively affect organizational sale performance. A firm’s innovation assets and innovation capabilities have different impacts on gross profit and Tobin’s Q. In addition, the relationship between a firm’s innovation characteristics and performance changes during different innovation life cycle stages. In particular, when a firm is in the mature stage of product and process innovation, the influences of innovation assets or innovation capabilities on organizational performance are weaker than the impacts during a firm’s emerging stage. Third, on an individual level, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that adoption of a handicraft quality certification system will promote consumers’ willingness to purchase indigenous handicrafts in Taiwan by survey. The results show that both a brand effect and quality management effect can promote consumers to spend more money buying accredited indigenous handicrafts. Because the certification of an individual innovative product can reduce customer transaction costs and increase consumers’ trust. This suggests that the implementation of the “Certification System for Taiwan Indigenous Cultural Industry” in Taiwan will help increase consumers’ recognition of Taiwan indigenous handicrafts. The results also imply that the effect of a difference in the price of handicrafts will benefit craftmakers and any technology associated with the certification system. In addition, implementing such a system will contribute to enhanced social security, protection of cultural heritage and promotion of national development. Overall, patent numbers are rapidly growing in Taiwan which can promote the positive development of organizational performance affected by organizational innovation assets. This is especially true for firms in the emerging stage of product and process innovation life cycle, where the impacts are stronger than the impacts for firms in a more mature stage. In addition, firms can improve organizational performance from external technology acquisition, and individual innovations can also enhance the benefits from external resources using government policies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

(8971934), Michael J. Woeppel. "Essays in Firm-Level Patenting Activities and Financial Outcomes." Thesis, 2020.

Find full text

Abstract:

In Chapter 1, I construct a new proxy for Tobin's q that incorporates the replacement cost of patent capital. This proxy, PI (physical plus intangible) q, explains up to 64\% more variation in investment than other proxies for q. Furthermore, investment is more sensitive to PI q than to other proxies for q. Although investment is predicted more accurately by, and is more sensitive to, PI q, controlling for PI q leads to relatively higher, not lower, cash flow coefficients. All results are stronger in subsamples with more patent capital. Overall, using PI q strengthens the historically weak investment-q relation.

Chapter 2 includes Noah Stoffman and M. Deniz Yavuz as co-authors, and in this chapter, we find that small innovators (i.e., small, innovative firms) earn higher returns than small non-innovators for up to five years. We find no such innovative premium among large firms. A battery of tests shows that our results are explained by risk, not investor underreaction. Small innovators are especially risky because they focus more on risky product innovation and rely more on organization capital that amplifies their systematic risk. In addition, small innovators contribute significantly to the size premium. Overall, small innovators have a higher cost of equity, which potentially explains why they rely heavily on internal capital.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Adomako, Samuel. "Entrepreneurial alertness and product innovativeness: Firm-level and environmental contingencies." 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17751.

Full text

Abstract:

Yes
Although scholars have recognized that alertness is critical in identifying and exploring opportunities, empirical studies exploring when alertness drives innovation are lacking. Drawing insights from the cognitive and contingency perspectives, the current study addresses this gap in by arguing that variations in firm product innovativeness is a function of degree of entrepreneurial alertness and levels of internal firm capabilities and environmental conditions. Data were collected from from 385 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. This study used the hierarchical regression estimation technique to analyses the data and found that a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and firm product innovativeness. Moreover, the findings showed that entrepreneurial alertness is beneficial for firms to innovate when pressures from customers and competitors are intense. Finally, the results revealed that stronger market information sharing and technological opportunism also amplify the alertness-innovativeness relationship.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 24 Jul 2021.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Renz, Mathias Kurt. "Innovation in German SMEs and the influence of digitization : evidence from firm level data." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29170.

Full text

Abstract:

In Germany, there is evidence of a widening innovation gap between smaller and larger firms. The number of firms innovating decreases as mostly smaller firms are quicker to refrain from innovation efforts. Digitization is believed to be an enabler of innovation, yet smaller firms appear especially reluctant to implement digital tools into their operations. This study investigates the relationships of firm size, firm age, and digital technology with innovation. The results demonstrate that larger and younger firms are more likely to create product innovations. Digitization is, as expected, an innovation lever enabling more digital firms to more product and process innovations. Additionally, a higher degree of digitization has a positive moderating effect on process innovations in larger firms. The results are based off thousands of German SMEs recorded in the Mannheim Innovation Panel, a representative dataset for the German economy. The applied methodology is regression analysis, i.e. multivariate linear regression as well as fixed effects estimation models. This study highlights the importance of digital technology in an innovation economy context as it could potentially narrow the innovation gap between smaller and larger firms. Therefore, managers should acknowledge and embrace the innovation potential provided by digital technology. Policymakers should incentivize higher levels of digitization, especially for smaller firms, and provide access to training offers on an individual level for older employees, who oftentimes feel inept to work with digital tools.
Na Alemanha, há evidências de uma crescente lacuna de inovação entre pequenas e grandes empresas. O número de empresas que inovam diminui à medida que empresas menores são abandonam os esforços de inovação mais rapidamente. Acredita-se que a digitalização seja um facilitador da inovação, porém empresas menores parecem relutantes em implementar ferramentas digitais em suas operações. Este estudo investiga as relações de tamanho, idade e tecnologia digital com a inovação de empresas. Os resultados apontam que empresas maiores e mais jovens são mais propensas a criar inovações de produtos. A digitalização é a alavanca de inovação esperada que permite que mais empresas digitais tenham mais inovações de produto e processo. Além disso, um maior grau de digitalização aponta para um efeito moderador positivo nas inovações de processo em empresas maiores. Os resultados são baseados em milhares de PMEs alemãs registradas no Mannheim Innovation Panel, um conjunto de dados representativo da economia alemã. A metodologia aplicada é a análise de regressão linear multivariada e modelos de estimativa de efeitos fixos. Este estudo destaca a importância da tecnologia digital em um contexto de economia de inovação, uma vez que poderia reduzir a lacuna de inovação entre empresas menores e maiores. Portanto, os gerentes devem reconhecer o potencial de inovação fornecido pela tecnologia digital. Referente ao setor público, deve-se incentivar níveis mais altos de digitalização, especialmente para empresas menores, e fornecer acesso a ofertas de treinamento em nível individual para funcionários mais velhos, que muitas vezes se sentem inaptos em trabalhar com ferramentas digitais.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ferreira, Luís Miguel de Sousa. "Determinants of digital transformation maturity at firm level." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97873.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies Management
This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the factors describing digital transformation maturity at a firm level, helping organizations to identify deficiencies in its effectiveness and proposing a conceptual model that can assist in a digital transformation maturity elevation. The research performed in 153 firms from different industries, investigates the factors behind digital transformation maturity, using the institutional theory as part of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, relating those contexts with the organizational innovativeness and moderating it with the artifacts of innovation and with the knowledge management.
Este trabalho visa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que descrevem a maturidade da transformação digital ao nível da empresa, ajudando as organizações a identificar deficiências na sua eficiência e propondo um modelo conceitual que possa auxiliar a elevação da maturidade na transformação digital. A pesquisa realizada em 153 empresas de diferentes setores, investiga os fatores por detrás da maturidade na transformação digital, usando a teoria institucional como parte da estrutura TOE (tecnologia-organização-ambiente), relacionando os seus contextos com a inovação organizacional e moderando este com os artefactos de inovação e com a gestão do conhecimento.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Omidvar, Vahid. "Regional and firm level human capital effects on the rate of innovation in food processing firms in Canada." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20838.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Adomako, Samuel, J. Amankwah-Amoah, and A. Danso. "The effects of stakeholder integration on firm-level product innovativeness: insights from small and medium-sized enterprises in Ghana." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16910.

Full text

Abstract:

Yes
In spite of growing research on the influence of external stakeholders on firm outcomes, there is a paucity of research on how they influence innovation in emerging economies. In addition, the specific environmental factors that may influence the effect of stakeholder integration (SI) on firm innovation is less understood. Using data collected from 248 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana, this paper develops and tests a model that examines the relationship between SI and firm-level product innovativeness. The findings from the study indicate SI positively relates to product innovativeness. Moreover, under conditions of higher competitor pressure and greater customer expectations, the effect of SI on product innovativeness is amplified. Contributions for theory and practice are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Vaz, Ruben António Moreira. "Job Training Determinants, R&D and Effects on Firms’ Productivity : evidence from firm-level data in Latin America." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15434.

Full text

Abstract:

For many decades, Latin America followed an import-substitution industrialization (ISI) process. Constant technological developments, complex production processes and stronger international competition put in evidence some workforce fragilities, their lack of skills and capabilities. Enhancing investments in both job training and R&D may be a proper reaction for either the more immediate needs or the medium/long run structural demands, in Latin America. Exploring a firm-level dataset from Chile and Argentina, we estimate the firms’ training decision (standard probit model) and the productivity effects through OLS, treatment-effects model and instrumental variable, using industry and region fixed effects and clustered standard errors. Using OLS, training estimates on firms’ performance are 24% in Chile and 18% in Argentina. Joint investment in training and R&D leads job training to have an effect of 53% in Chile and 22% in Argentina, and R&D a magnitude of 9% in Chile and 5% in Argentina, which seems to evidence a complementarity relationship between these two policies. Although with different magnitudes, conclusions remain consistent using OLS, treatment-effects and IV. Firms’ heterogeneity is also accounted for, estimating a quantile model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Silva, Filipe Manuel Fernandes Rosa Baptista e. "Financial constraints an application to portuguese firms." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20786.

Full text

Abstract:

Tese de doutoramento em Economia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra
This thesis addresses the financing problems faced by firms. Specifically, we test for the existence of firms’ financial constraints, as well as we analyse their role upon firm behaviour. We argue that: a) Portuguese firms face significant financial constraints; b) the extent to which firms are affected by constraints depends on a number of distinct characteristics, beyond financial aspects; c) financial constraints clearly influence firm behaviour, namely with regard to export and innovation activities; d) suitable policies to mitigate financial constraints should be considered, even though subsidies might not be the most effective policy instrument. To support these arguments, we conduct several tests, using a large representative sample of Portuguese firms and different approaches to measure financial constraints. Accordingly, this thesis contributes to the understanding of firms’ behaviour under financial problems, while it points directions for future research. Finally, this work has serious implications upon future policy actions.
A presente tese analisa os problemas de financiamento enfrentados pelas empresas. Em particular, investiga a existência de restrições ao financiamento das empresas e o seu impacto no comportamento das mesmas. Nesta tese defende-se que: a) as empresas portuguesas enfrentam restrições financeiras significativas; b) a existência de restrições ao financiamento das empresas depende de um conjunto de características distintas, que vão para além de aspectos meramente financeiros; c) as restrições financeiras têm um impacto visível no comportamento das empresas, nomeadamente no que respeita às actividades de inovação e exportadoras; d) deverão ser consideradas políticas que visem o combate às restrições ao financiamento das empresas, ainda que a atribuição de subsídios possa não ser a política mais adequada. De modo a sustentar esta tese, são efectuados vários estudos, utilizando uma amostra representativa de empresas portuguesas, bem como diferentes medidas de restrições financeiras. Como tal, este trabalho não só contribui para uma melhor compreensão do comportamento das empresas afectadas por problemas financeiros, como também identifica um conjunto de linhas de investigação futura. Por fim, este estudo leva a conclusões relevantes para a condução de política.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Skrepnek, Grant Harold. "Stock market valuation and firm-level determinants of innovative activity in the pharmaceutical industry." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11297.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Skrepnek, Grant Harold Lawson Kenneth Allen. "Stock market valuation and firm-level determinants of innovative activity in the pharmaceutical industry." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108512.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Firm-level innovation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles