Journal articles: 'Fireworks Materials'

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Lorenzo, Genevieve Rose, Paola Angela Bañaga, Maria Obiminda Cambaliza, Melliza Templonuevo Cruz, Mojtaba AzadiAghdam, Avelino Arellano, Grace Betito, et al. "Measurement report: Firework impacts on air quality in Metro Manila, Philippines, during the 2019 New Year revelry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (April 23, 2021): 6155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6155-2021.

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Abstract. Fireworks degrade air quality, reduce visibility, alter atmospheric chemistry, and cause short-term adverse health effects. However, there have not been any comprehensive physicochemical and optical measurements of fireworks and their associated impacts in a Southeast Asia megacity, where fireworks are a regular part of the culture. Size-resolved particulate matter (PM) measurements were made before, during, and after New Year 2019 at the Manila Observatory in Quezon City, Philippines, as part of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex). A high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) recorded a substantial increase in backscattered signal associated with high aerosol loading ∼440 m above the surface during the peak of firework activities around 00:00 (local time). This was accompanied by PM2.5 concentrations peaking at 383.9 µg m−3. During the firework event, water-soluble ions and elements, which affect particle formation, growth, and fate, were mostly in the submicrometer diameter range. Total (>0.056 µm) water-soluble bulk particle mass concentrations were enriched by 5.7 times during the fireworks relative to the background (i.e., average of before and after the firework). The water-soluble mass fraction of PM2.5 increased by 18.5 % above that of background values. This corresponded to increased volume fractions of inorganics which increased bulk particle hygroscopicity, kappa (κ), from 0.11 (background) to 0.18 (fireworks). Potassium and non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- contributed the most (70.9 %) to the water-soluble mass, with their mass size distributions shifting from a smaller to a larger submicrometer mode during the firework event. On the other hand, mass size distributions for NO3-, Cl−, and Mg2+ (21.1 % mass contribution) shifted from a supermicrometer mode to a submicrometer mode. Being both uninfluenced by secondary aerosol formation and constituents of firework materials, a subset of species were identified as the best firework tracer species (Cu, Ba, Sr, K+, Al, and Pb). Although these species (excluding K+) only contributed 2.1 % of the total mass concentration of water-soluble ions and elements, they exhibited the highest enrichments (6.1 to 65.2) during the fireworks. Surface microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of potassium/chloride-rich cubic particles along with capsule-shaped particles in firework samples. The results of this study highlight how firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles (e.g., mass size distribution, composition, hygroscopicity, and aerosol backscatter), which subsequently alters the background aerosol's respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).

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Pandey, Neeraj, and Gaganpreet Singh. "Radiance: transaction level pricing in the Indian fireworks industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 3 (August 11, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2013-0156.

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Subject area Pricing, Marketing Management, Strategic Marketing. Study level/applicability The case can be used for pricing course besides Marketing Management and Strategic Management course to MBA students and/or for Management Development Programmes. Case overview ABC Fireworks Private Limited, located in Saharanpur, was into business of manufacturing fireworks under the brand name of Radiance. The owner Mr Sudhir Kapoor was satisfied with the present revenue growth and profit margin except that the cash flow was quite intermittent. The consumption pattern of Indian fireworks industry was highly skewed. Approximately 90 per cent of the entire year manufactured stock had retail market of just 5 days ahead of Diwali festival. To cater to this massive demand, the production was carried out for the whole year. Mr Kapoor was planning to restructure pricing policy so as to have regular cash flow throughout the year. To meet this objective, he was considering price promotion strategy as a preferred option which would enable his marketing team to offer specific discounts to stockists using time slab mechanism. The fireworks industry had four channel distribution processes. The product line was broadly divided into three categories, namely, sound, aerial shots and sparkles. The organization was not into manufacturing of aerial shots product category but was planning to make a foray into it. The case provides interesting insights into pricing dynamics prevalent in the Indian fireworks industry. It includes first-hand information about fireworks price, cost break-up and profit distribution among various members of the industry's value chain. Expected learning outcomes The case enables students to learn the concept and application of pricing, price-based promotion, discounts and price waterfall analysis in the firework industry. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

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Rudolf, Rebeka, Urban Ferčec, and Mohammed Shariq. "Fireworks: How to Simulate the Manufacture and Operation in the Atmosphere with the Substitution of Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666180726143918.

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Background: This review provides a closer look at recent work in the field of fireworks manufacture, which could see the replacement of micron-sized particles with their nano-scaled counterparts. Moreover, we also discuss micron-sized particles as well as nanoparticles (NPs) from K, Fe, Al, Ti, Ba, etc., that are produced in the atmosphere as a result of these fireworks. One of the possible technological substitutes for fireworks is presented in detail, i.e., the use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technology. Method: We searched Google, Web of Science and PubMed for a literature survey of fireworks and their products: firecrackers, micron-sized and nanoparticles. Moreover, we used some of our own knowledge and experimental data to strengthen the possibility of simulating the synthesis of firework products on the laboratory scale. Results: The use of nano reactants and oxidisers has seen a substantial increase in the sound efficiency and a decrease in the amount of chemicals used, making fireworks more eco-friendly. The application of Al- and Ti-based nano flash powder in the size range from 35 nm to 50 μm resulted in a significant improvement in the ignition properties of the fireworks. Under changing aerodynamic conditions, it is difficult to collect them as samples for real-time monitoring, needed for their characterization or the testing of their harmfulness under laboratory conditions. As a result, NPs below 100 nm in the surroundings could be easily inhaled into the lungs and cause more pulmonary and respiratory problems than micron-sized particles. USP produces nanoparticles in the laboratory that could replace the conventional micron-sized firecracker raw materials, or nanoparticles that are similar to those formed by fireworks. It will also help to identify the physiochemical properties of the airborne particulates in order to understand and evaluate their impact. </P><P> This review could be valuable for a controlled economic synthesis through USP, and in the use of nanopowders in pyrotechnology that could reduce pollution to a great extent, thus contributing to the growth and good practise of the fireworks industry. With respect to the USP synthesis, we have also discussed in detail the physical (size, shape) and chemical (composition) characteristics of Al2O3 and TiO2 NPs from different precursors and their temperature ranges. An in-depth explanation for a comparative analysis for the formation mechanism of nanoparticles through both fireworks and USP is presented in the final section. We can produce nanoparticles in the laboratory with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis that have similar properties to those produced from fireworks and can then be used for further testing.

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Ng, Zhi, Alan Shamrock, David Chen, Seth Dodds, and Harvey Chim. "Patterns of Complex Carpal Injuries in the Hand from Fireworks." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 10, no. 02 (April 25, 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642069.

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Abstract Purpose To describe the various patterns of complex carpal and metacarpal fracture dislocations observed in a consecutive series of firework injuries and the operative management performed. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective study of seven consecutive patients (six males; mean age = 22 ± 13, range, 8–39 years) who presented to a level I trauma center with firework injuries to the hand between July 2014 and January 2016. Results All injuries were sustained while a lighted firework was held in the hand. The mean length of hospital stay was 13.9 ± 13.8 (range, 4–46) days with an average of 3 ± 2.6 (range, 1–7) surgeries required for both bony and soft tissue reconstruction. Three patterns of injury were seen: type I—no carpal involvement; type II—carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) dislocations and isolated carpal dislocations; type III—CMCJ dislocations with axial carpal dissociation. One patient had a type I injury, three had a type II injury, and three had a type III injury. Of patients with a type III injury, two of the three had simultaneous axial-radial and axial-ulnar involvement as well as a midcarpal dissociation with divergent dissociation of the carpus and metacarpals. Conclusion The severity of carpal injuries resulting from fireworks is highly variable but is likely to follow predictable patterns due to the position of the hand and the location of the firework prior to explosion. Surgical reconstruction can be challenging, but adequate outcomes with a functional hand can be achieved through a systematic approach. Type of Study/Level of Evidence Therapeutic level IV.

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Akhavan, Jacqueline. "The chemistry of fireworks." Materials Today 12, no. 4 (April 2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(09)70144-0.

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Tyukhmeneva, Ekaterina Alexandrovna. "“Firearm art” in honor of the Russian State abroad: to the question of Russia’s representation in Europe during the time of Peter the Great." Культура и искусство, no. 12 (December 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2021.12.36989.

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This article determines the key principles of designing fireworks and illumination compositions created in honor of the Russian State in foreign territories in the late XVII – early XVIII centuries. The analysis of themes and images contained therein in conducted in the context of the problematic of representative culture of that time. The article is first to attract the preserved graphic sources and published written archival materials discovered in recent years, including by the author of this research. Special attention is given to fireworks and illuminations on the occasion of the Treaty of Nystad, which did not receive due coverage within the scientific literature. Due to the peculiarities of “firearm art”, the research methodology relies on the scientific reconstruction with the use of art history, historical-cultural, as well as elements of iconographic and iconological analysis. It is revealed the firework festivities were one of the remarkable form of Russia’s representation abroad during the time of Peter the Great. In allegorical interpretation, they not only glorified the Russian State, but also reflected far-reaching plans of the monarch aimed at obtaining the imperial status of the country. Most of the fireworks and illumination compositions were based on the traditional for ambassadorial ceremonial culture of that time motif of the triumphal arch, and the arsenal of themes and images resembled the Russian festive complexes. The fire paintings were created in accordance with the principles similar to heraldic images: centerpoint, vertical and horizontal hierarchy, and laws of symmetry. As far back as his first trip to Europe, Peter the Great knew that fire performances is a source of creating awareness and excellent opportunity to make the country know to the world.

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Tandon, N. "Firecrackers Noise." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 34, no. 5 (May 2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/09574560360698156.

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Fireworks are used all over the world to celebrate special occasions. Noise produced by firecrackers that are used to celebrate these occasions has been highlighted. This impulse type of noise can cause hearing damage. Noise measurements of firecrackers show that they produce high sound pressure peak levels. Typical firecracker impulse noise levels are given. Noise limits and measurement methods used for the fireworks in some countries are presented.

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Blair, L. H., A. Colakel, R. M. Vrcelj, I. Sinclair, and S. J. Coles. "Metal–organic fireworks: MOFs as integrated structural scaffolds for pyrotechnic materials." Chemical Communications 51, no. 61 (2015): 12185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04174k.

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A new approach to formulating pyrotechnic materials is proposed, where constituents are bound together in a framework. Using a fluorinated linker produces a strong pyrotechnic effect, which can be linked to the structural dimensionality of the framework.

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Johnson, W. "Fireworks and firemasters of England, 1662–1856." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 36, no. 11 (November 1994): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(94)90027-2.

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Kai, Zhang, and Jogwon Choi. "A Study on the Combination of Smoke Projection Art and Fireworks Art: Taking the Work Fireworks Smoke Projection as an Example." TECHART: Journal of Arts and Imaging Science 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15323/techart.2022.2.9.1.13.

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Xue, Yu, Binping Zhao, Tinghuai Ma, and Wei Pang. "A Self-Adaptive Fireworks Algorithm for Classification Problems." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 44406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2858441.

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Wang, Wenjie, Qing Tao, Xiaohua Wang, Yuting Cao, and Congcong Chen. "Denim-fabric-polishing robot size optimization based on global spatial dexterity." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-649-2021.

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Abstract. This paper presents a novel method to make denim-fabric-polishing robots perform their primary task flexibly and efficiently within a limited workspace. Link lengths are optimized based on an adaptive fireworks algorithm to improve the comprehensive dexterity index. A forward kinematics analysis of the denim-fabric-polishing robot is conducted via the D–H method; the workspace is analyzed according to the needs at hand to determine the range of motion of each joint. To solve the movement condition number of the Jacobian matrix, the concept of low-condition-number probability is established, and a comprehensive dexterity indicator is constructed. The influence of the robot's size on the condition number and comprehensive dexterity index is determined. Finally, the adaptive fireworks algorithm is used to establish the objective optimization function by integrating the dexterity index and other performance indicators. The optimization results show that when the comprehensive dexterity index is taken as the optimization objective, the dexterity comprehensive index and other performance indices of the robot are the lowest; that is, the robot is more flexible. Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm, the adaptive fireworks algorithm proposed in this paper has better solving speed and solving precision. The optimized workspace of the robot meets the requirements of the polishing task. The design also yields a sufficiently flexible, efficient, and effective robot.

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Wang, Hongtao, Hao Wang, Qifeng Ruan, You Sin Tan, Cheng-Wei Qiu, and Joel K. W. Yang. "Optical Fireworks Based on Multifocal Three-Dimensional Color Prints." ACS Nano 15, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 10185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c02131.

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Keeling, Rachel. "An A to Z of learning: F is for…friends, fireworks & frogs." Nursery World 2020, no. 12 (September 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2020.12.23.

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Taveira, Paulo Ricardo Zambelli, Carlos Henrique Valerio De Moraes, and Germano Lambert-Torres. "Non-Intrusive Identification of Loads by Random Forest and Fireworks Optimization." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 75060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988366.

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Castro, Kepa, Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo, Izaskun Astondoa, Félix M. Goñi, and Juan Manuel Madariaga. "Analysis of confiscated fireworks using Raman spectroscopy assisted with SEM-EDS and FTIR." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 42, no. 11 (April 6, 2011): 2000–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2946.

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Roncone, Kelly. "Things that go boom in the night: The art and science of fireworks." JOM 56, no. 7 (July 2004): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-004-0084-8.

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Hasegawa, K., and Y. Manzaki. "Marangoni fireworks: Atomization dynamics of binary droplets on an oil pool." Physics of Fluids 33, no. 3 (March 2021): 034124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041346.

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Rajendran, Arulmozhi, Manimekalai Balasubramanian, Mariselvam Ammasi Krishnan, and Sivanesan Subramanian. "Real-Time Monitoring of Particulate Matter During Diwali Festival in Chennai, India." Revista de Chimie 73, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.22.3.8534.

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Worldwide air pollution is an important source of morbidity and mortality. These days air contamination is an unsolvable issue and it directly affects the human prosperity and economy of a country. When compared to natural sources, anthropogenic activities are the major participant in the ambient air pollution problem. The present study aims to determine the Particulate Matter concentration during the Diwali celebration period in the Alandur area, Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, India. In this study area, alarmingly high air pollution was noticed in the year 2017 during Diwali Day. To validate the status of current situation in the study area the research was done in 2021. An ambient air quality sensor was used to monitor PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter concentration and particles count. It was found that the maximum concentration was 1498 �g/m3 for PM10. It was identified that particles of size [1�m were more in the event of fireworks. Particles with diameter [2.5�m may induce an adverse health effect than larger fine particles. From this study, it is identified that, a complex mixture of transient particles released from fireworks and some of the elements were identified from the collected particulate matter samples such as C, N, O, Na, Al, S, Cl, K, Sr, Ba, Mg, Mn, Sb, Fe, Ca and As. The study found that trace elements available in the fine particles are inhalable and may pose ill effects on human health.

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Aguiar, Joana G., and Paulo R. M. Correia. "Using concept maps as instructional materials to foster the understanding of the atomic model and matter–energy interaction." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 17, no. 4 (2016): 756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6rp00069j.

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In this paper, we explore the use of concept maps (Cmaps) as instructional materials prepared by teachers, to foster the understanding of chemistry. We choose fireworks as a macroscopic event to teach basic chemical principles related to the Bohr atomic model and matter–energy interaction. During teachers' Cmap navigation, students can experience a sense of disorientation, which is detrimental to the learning process. Two graphical cues were tested as Cmap navigation guidance: (1) colour-coded concepts, to group similar content and (2) numbered propositions to offer a reading sequence. A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design combined with mental effort was utilized to measure the efficiency of Cmaps in learning. First-year undergraduate students (n= 85) were randomly assigned to study one of four possible Cmaps. The results showed that all students were able to increase their level of factual knowledge, despite the Cmap being used as an instructional material. The lack of cues impaired conceptual understanding. Signalling similar content using colours was critical to reduce the invested mental effort and foster understanding about chemical concepts.

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Lu, Qian, Weixia Gui, and Meili Su. "A Fireworks Algorithm for the System-Level Fault Diagnosis Based on MM* Model." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 136975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942336.

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Dubey, Darpan, Rohit Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Akash Kumar Tarai, Manoj Kumar Gundawar, and Awadhesh Kumar Rai. "Investigation of Hazardous Materials in Firecrackers using LIBS Coupled with a Chemometric Method and FTIR Spectroscopy." Defence Science Journal 72, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17836.

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This article reports the detection and quantification of toxic constituents in firecrackers using LIBS coupled with PCA and FTIR. Spectral signatures of lethal elements along with other elements and electronic bands of Cyanide, AlO, BaO, and CaO are seen in their LIBS spectra which confirms the presence of inorganic and organic compound in the fireworks. The concentration of each constituent/element is determined using the CF-LIBS method and results are compared with ICP-OES results. The concentration of Al is in adequate amount except S4 (b). Li and Ba are present in all samples with maximum amount in S4 (b) and S3 respectively. Molecular stretching of SO4-, C4 H8 - , CuCl- , CO3 - , and NO3 - are observed in the FTIR spectra of the samples. The combined results of LIBS and FTIR recommends the presence of BaNO3 , LiCO3 , SrCO3 , Al-chip, and charcoal in the firecrackers. To discriminate various firecrackers, PCA of the LIBS data is performed. The results show that S3 and S4 (b) are more harmful as they contain higher concentration the compounds of Al, Ba, Li, Sr i.e BaNO3 , LiCO3 , SrCO3 , (Cu3 As2 O3 Cu(C2 H3 O2 )2 ).

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Patra*, D. K., S. Mondal, and P. Mukherjee. "Grammatical Fireworks Algorithm Method for Breast Lesion Segmentation in DCE-MR Images." Regular issue 10, no. 7 (May 30, 2021): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g9054.0510721.

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For cancer detection and tissue characterization, DCE-MRI segmentation and lesion detection is a critical image analysis task. To segment breast MR images for lesion detection, a hard-clustering technique with Grammatical Fireworks algorithm (GFWA) is proposed in this paper. GFWA is a Swarm Programming (SP) system for automatically generating computer programs in any language. GFWA is used to create the cluster core for clustering the breast MR images in this article. The presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneities in MR images complicates the segmentation process. As a result, the MR images are denoised at the start, and strength inhomogeneities are corrected in the preprocessing stage. The proposed GFWA-based clustering technique is used to segment the preprocessed MR images. Finally, from the segmented images, the lesions are removed. The proposed approach is tested on 5 patients’ 25 DCE-MRI slices. The proposed method’s experimental findings are compared to those of the Grammatical Swarm (GS)-based clustering technique and the K-means algorithm. The proposed method outperforms other approaches in terms of both quantitative and qualitative results.

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Bezemer, Karlijn D. B., Lara V. A. van Duin, Carlos Martín-Alberca, Govert W. Somsen, Peter J. Schoenmakers, Rob Haselberg, and Arian C. van Asten. "Rapid forensic chemical classification of confiscated flash banger fireworks using capillary electrophoresis." Forensic Chemistry 16 (December 2019): 100187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2019.100187.

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Kong, S. F., L. Li, X. X. Li, Y. Yin, K. Chen, D. T. Liu, L. Yuan, Y. J. Zhang, Y. P. Shan, and Y. Q. Ji. "The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 4 (February 27, 2015): 2167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2167-2015.

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Abstract. To understand the impact of firework-burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during the winter haze period, 39 elements, 10 water-soluble ions and 8 fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanjing were investigated during the 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF). Serious regional haze pollution persisted throughout the entire sampling period, with PM2.5 averaging at 113 ± 69 μg m−3 and visibility at 4.8 ± 3.2 km. The holiday effect led to almost all the chemical species decreasing during the SF, except for Al, K, Ba and Sr which were related to FW. The source contributions of coal combustion, vehicle emission and road dust decreased dramatically, whereas FW contributed to about half of the PM2.5 during the SF period. The intensive emission of FW particles on New Year's Eve accounted for 60.1% of the PM2.5. Fireworks also obviously modified the chemical compositions of PM2.5, with 39.3% contributed by increased organic matter, followed by steadily increased loadings of secondary inorganic ions. The aging processes of the FW particles lasted for about 4 days reflected by the variations of Ba, Sr, NH4+, NO3−, SO42− and K+, characterized by heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx on crustal materials directly from FW, the replacement of Cl− by NO3− and SO42−, coating of NO3− and SO42− on soot, formation of secondary organic aerosols and metal-catalyzed formation of NO3− and SO42− at higher relative humidity. During aging, the main contributors to the extinction coefficient shifted from elemental carbon and organic matter to ammonium sulfate. The particles raised higher cancer risk of 1.62 × 10−6 by heavy metals (especially for Cd and As). This study provided detailed composition data and first comprehensive analysis of the aging processes of FW particles during the serious haze pollution period and their potential impact on human health.

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Guendouz, Mohamed, and Abdelmalek Amine. "A New Wrapper-Based Feature Selection Technique with Fireworks Algorithm for Android Malware Detection." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.312554.

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Smartphone use has expanded dramatically in recent years, particularly for Android-based smartphones, due to their wide availability and competitive pricing compared to non-Android devices. The significant increase in the use of Android applications has resulted in a spike in the number of malicious applications, which represent a severe danger to user privacy. In this paper, the authors proposed FWA-FS, a novel method for Android malware detection with feature selection based on the fireworks algorithm. Static analysis is used in the proposed technique to classify applications as benign or malicious. To describe applications, they employ permissions derived from APK files as feature vectors. The most important features were then chosen using the proposed FWA-FS method. Finally, to develop classification models, different machine learning algorithms were trained using specified features. According to experimental findings, the suggested strategy can greatly enhance classification performance with an average increase of 6% and 25% in accuracy for KNN and Naïve Bayes respectively.

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Kim, Dae-Woo, Gyeong-Jae Park, Ji-Han Lee, Jong-Wook Kim, Yong-Jae Kim, and Sang-Yong Jung. "Hybridization Algorithm of Fireworks Optimization and Generating Set Search for Optimal Design of IPMSM." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53, no. 6 (June 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2668608.

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Jagan, T., and S. Elizabeth Amudhini Stephen. "Cost Minimization of Turning Machining Process with Materials using Abc, Auction, Ant Lion, Elephant, Spiral, Bacterial, Greedy, Lawlers Fireworks and Pattern Search." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1126, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1126/1/012056.

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Sokol, Ewa, Ayanna Jackson, and R. Cooks. "Trace detection of inorganic oxidants using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0065-z.

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AbstractDesorption electrospray ionization (DESI), an established ambient ionization method in mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of organic compounds, is applied here to trace detection of inorganic salts, including inorganic oxidants. In-situ surface analysis of targeted compounds, including nitrogen-, halogen- and sulfur-salts, down to sub-nanogram levels, was performed using DESI-MS. Successful experiments were carried out in both the negative and the positive ion modes; simple anions and cations as well as small cluster ions were observed. Various surfaces are examined and surface porosity effects were briefly explored. Absolute detection limits on porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 120 pg (surface concentration 0.07 ng mm−2) and 50 pg (surface concentration 0.03 ng mm−2), were achieved for sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate, respectively. The compounds of interest were examined in the presence of a hydrocarbon mixture to assess matrix effects: only a two- or three-fold decrease in the target ion intensity was observed. Commercial fireworks were analyzed to determine perchlorate salts in complex mixtures. This work demonstrates the potential applicability of ambient ionization mass spectrometry to forensic investigations involving improvised explosives.

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Luo, Hao, Chao He, Jianing Zhou, and Li Zhang. "Rolling Bearing Sub-Health Recognition via Extreme Learning Machine Based on Deep Belief Network Optimized by Improved Fireworks." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 42013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3064962.

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Lee, Kun-Chou. "Microwave imaging of a conducting cylinder buried in a lossless half space by modified fireworks algorithm." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 6 (April 24, 2018): 1374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31159.

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Fan, Yingying, Haichao Wang, Xinyue Zhao, Qiaoran Yang, and Yi Liang. "Short-Term Load Forecasting of Distributed Energy System Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis and KELM Optimized by Fireworks Algorithm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 12014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412014.

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Accurate and stable load forecasting has great significance to ensure the safe operation of distributed energy system. For the purpose of improving the accuracy and stability of distributed energy system load forecasting, a forecasting model in view of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) and fireworks algorithm (FWA) is proposed. First, KPCA modal is used to reduce the dimension of the feature, thus redundant input samples are merged. Next, FWA is employed to optimize the parameters C and σ of KELM. Lastly, the load forecasting modal of KPCA-FWA-KELM is established. The relevant data of a distributed energy system in Beijing, China, is selected for training test to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the new hybrid KPCA-FWA-KELM method has superior performance, robustness and versatility in load prediction of distributed energy systems.

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Huang, Jie, Guoqing Tian, Jiancheng Zhang, and Yutao Chen. "On Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Light Show Systems: Algorithms, Software and Hardware." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 7687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167687.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) light shows (UAV-LS) have a wow factor due to their advantages in terms of environment friendliness and controllability compared to traditional fireworks. In this paper, a UAV-LS system is developed including a collision-free formation transformation trajectory planning algorithm, a software package that facilitates animation design and real-time monitoring and control, and hardware design and realization. In particular, a dynamic task assignment algorithm based on graph theory is proposed to reduce the impact of UAV collision avoidance on task assignment and the frequency of task assignment in the formation transformation. In addition, the software package consists of an animation interface for formation drawing and 3D animation simulation, which helps the monitoring and control of UAVs through a real-time monitoring application. The developed UAV-LS system hardware consists of subsystems of decision-making, real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS), wireless communication, and UAV platforms. Outdoor experiments using six quadrotors are performed and details of implementations of high-accuracy positioning, communication, and computation are presented. Results show that the developed UAV-LS system can successfully complete a light show and the proposed task assignment algorithm performs better than traditional static ones.

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Bandyopadhyay, Sabyasachi, M. Saha, S. Biswas, A. Ranjan, AK Naskar, and L. Bandyopadhyay. "Calcium carbide related ocular burn injuries during mango ripening season of West Bengal, eastern India." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 2 (September 25, 2013): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8736.

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Introduction: Calcium carbide used in fruit ripening industry as a cheap alternative to natural plant hormone ethylene produces highly inflammable acetylene gas. Inadvertent ignition of this gas can cause severe ocular burn injury with unilateral or bilateral blindness. Objective: To determine the characteristics and visual outcome of ocular burn injuries from calcium carbide during mango ripening season of West Bengal, eastern India. Materials and methods: A prospective study of all cases of calcium carbide related ocular burn injury attending a tertiary care hospital during mango ripening season was carried out. The demographic features, characteristics of the injury, management and outcomes were recorded. Results: Fifty five eyes of 33 patients were studied. Males were more commonly affected (20 patients, 60.6%) than females. The injury was bilateral in 22 patients (66.66%). Seventeen patients (51.51%) were below 20 years of age. Ten eyes had open globe injuries and 45 eyes had closed globe injuries. One eye of a patient had to be enucleated (3%). Children below 14 years of age were mainly injured while playing with indigenous fireworks of shooting carbide. Middle aged women were affected particularly during ignition of evening lamps. Carbide lamp was another source of injury. Conclusion: Males are more commonly affected by calcium carbide related ocular injuries. Children and young adults are the common victims. Such injuries can involve both the eyes and cause a permanent visual disability. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 242-245 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8736

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Kong, S., L. Li, X. Li, Y. Yin, K. Chen, D. Liu, L. Yuan, Y. Zhang, Y. Shan, and Y. Ji. "The impacts of fireworks burning at Chinese Spring Festival on air quality and human health: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 21 (November 19, 2014): 28609–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-28609-2014.

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Abstract. To understand the impact of fireworks burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during winter haze period, thirty-nine elements, ten water-soluble ions and eight fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PM2.5 at Nanjing were investigated during 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF). Serious regional haze pollution persisted throughout the entire sampling period, PM2.5 averaging at 113 ± 69 μg m−3 and visibility at 4.8 ± 3.2 km. The holiday effect led to almost all the chemical species decreasing during the SF, except for Al, K, Ba and Sr which were related to FW. The source contributions of coal combustion, vehicle emission and road dust descreased dramatically, whereas FW contributed to about half of the PM2.5 during SF period. The intensive emission of FW particles at New Year's Eve accounted for 60.1% of the PM2.5. They also significnatly modified the chemical compositions of PM2.5, with 39.3% contributed by increased organic matter, followed by steadly increased loadings of secondary inorganic ions. The aging processes of the FW particles lasted for at least six days reflected by the variation of SO42−, characterized by heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx on crustal materials directly from FW, the replacement of Cl− by NO3− and SO42− coating of NO3− and SO42− on soot, formation of secondary organic aerosols and metal-catalyzed formation of NO3− and SO42− at higher relative humidity. During aging, the main contributors to the extinction coefficient shifted from elemental carbon and organic matter to sulfate ammonium. The particles raised higher cancer risks by heavy metals (especially for Cd and As) as 1.62 ×10−6. This study provided detailed composition data and first comprehensive analysis of the aging processes of FW particles at serious haze pollution period and their potential impact on human health.

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Wei, Jifeng, Zhixin Du, Yonghui Zheng, and Oundavong Ounhueane. "Research on Damage Characteristics of Brick Masonry under Explosion Load." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5519231.

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As the main structural component of partition wall or load-bearing wall, brick masonry has been widely used in construction engineering. However, brick and mortar are all brittle materials prone to crack. Nowadays, fireworks, gas stoves, high-pressure vessels, and other military explosives may explode to damage nearby structures. Many explosion casualties had shown that the load-bearing capacity of brick masonry decreased dramatically and cracks or fragments appeared. Previous studies mainly focused on noncontact explosion in which shock wave is the main damage element. In fact, the response and damage effect of brick masonry wall under contact explosion are more complex, which attracts more attention now. In order to explore the damage characteristics of brick masonry under explosion load, a series of simulations and verification experiments are conducted. RHT and MO granular material models are introduced to describe the behaviour of brick and masonry, respectively, in simulation. The combination effect of front compressive wave and back tensile wave are main factors influencing the breakage of masonry wall. The experimental results are well in accordance with the simulation results. The front cross section dimension of crater is closely related to the radius of spherical explosive charge. A power function predictive model is developed to express the relationship between the radius of hole and the radius of explosive. Furthermore, with increasing the quantity of explosive charge, the number and ejection velocity of fragments are all increased. The relationship between maximum ejection velocity and the quantity of explosive also can be expressed as a power function model.

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Loughridge, Deirdre. "Haydn's Creation as an Optical Entertainment." Journal of Musicology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 9–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2010.27.1.9.

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"What can aesthetics have to say," Johann Triest complained of Haydn's Creation two years after its premiere, "to a natural history, or geogony, set to music, where objects pass before us as in a magic lantern?" By contrast, Carl Friedrich Zelter praised the oratorio as a "fine shadow-play." Both agreed, however, that the work was like an optical entertainment. Triest's and Zelter's metaphors point to a hitherto unexplored context for The Creation's early reception that contributed at once to its popularity and to its dubious status. Retrieving the exhibition practices employed by itinerant magic lanternists reveals that barrel organ music had an established place in their entertainments and that certain numbers of The Creation echoed the auditory component of magic lantern shows. For Triest, the resemblance of these numbers to a magic lantern presentation suggested that tone-paintings were meaningless without verbal specification, and that in composing the oratorio Haydn was much like an organ-grinder cranking out a predetermined tune. In Zelter's counterargument to the magic lantern, the shadow-play characterized Haydn's oratorio as a species of illusionistic display demonstrating mastery over the raw materials of music. The alternative framework Zelter developed for Haydn's oratorio placed the work alongside fireworks and other philosophical entertainments that inspired awe at human accomplishment. Together, Triest's and Zelter's metaphors suggest that optical entertainments provided terms not only for describing the oratorio and the experience of listening to it, but also for elevating Haydn to the status of master over nature——-or else lowering him to the status of machine.

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Maguire, John F., and Leslie V. Woodcock. "Thermodynamics of Tower-Block Infernos: Effects of Water on Aluminum Fires." Entropy 22, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010014.

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We review the thermodynamics of combustion reactions involved in aluminum fires in the light of the spate of recent high-profile tower-block disasters, such as the Grenfell fire in London 2017, the Dubai fires between 2010 and 2016, and the fires and explosions that resulted in the 9/11 collapse of the World Trade Center twin towers in New York. These fires are class B, i.e., burning metallic materials, yet water was applied in all cases as an extinguisher. Here, we highlight the scientific thermochemical reasons why water should never be used on aluminum fires, not least because a mixture of aluminum and water is a highly exothermic fuel. When the plastic materials initially catch fire and burn with limited oxygen (O2 in air) to carbon (C), which is seen as an aerosol (black smoke) and black residue, the heat of the reaction melts the aluminum (Al) and increases its fluidity and volatility. Hence, this process also increases its reactivity, whence it rapidly reacts with the carbon product of polymer combustion to form aluminum carbide (Al4C3). The heat of formation of Al4Cl3 is so great that it becomes white-hot sparks that are similar to fireworks. At very high temperatures, both molten Al and Al4C3 aerosol react violently with water to give alumina fine dust aerosol (Al2O3) + hydrogen (H2) gas and methane (CH4) gas, respectively, with white smoke and residues. These highly inflammable gases, with low spontaneous combustion temperatures, instantaneously react with the oxygen in the air, accelerating the fire out of control. Adding water to an aluminum fire is similar to adding “rocket fuel” to the existing flames. A CO2–foam/powder extinguisher, as deployed in the aircraft industry against aluminum and plastic fires by smothering, is required to contain aluminum fires at an early stage. Automatic sprinkler extinguisher systems should not be installed in tower blocks that are at risk of aluminum fires.

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Afiadigwe, Evaristus E., Godwin Obasikene, Ugochukwu S. Umeh, Joseph U. Obah, Nnanna D. Ukpai, and Ahoma V. Mbanuzuru. "Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane in A Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 3, no. 5 (September 9, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.5.213.

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Introduction: Traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a commonly encountered otological condition with consequent hearing impairment and potentials for more grievous complications. We aim to establish the prevalence, sex distribution, laterality and aetiological factors associated with traumatic TM perforation in our locality Materials and Method: This is a 10 Year retrospective study involving patients who were managed for traumatic TM perforations at ENT outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State. Results: A total of 186 patients were managed for traumatic TM perforation involving 190 ears. The prevalence was 4.9%; 66.1% were males, 33.9% females giving a male to female ratio of 2:1 while age ranges from 1-68 years (mean± SD was 22.23± 15years. Left ear was involved in 54.3% of the cases, right ear in 43.5% and both ears in 2.2%. The commonest cause of traumatic TM perforation was Assaults (58.1%) of various kinds; domestic violence was the commonest, accounting for 22% of all the assault cases followed by assaults from security men (15.1%), then, slap by school teachers, prefects and senior students (10.2%). Mob actions and attacks by Robbers constituted 10.2%. Fifteen percent (15%) of the cases resulted from ear cleaning with cotton bud (10.2%), broom stick (3.2%) and metallic objects (2.2%). Sports related injuries accounted for 2.7% of the cases. Various forms of accidents (8.1%) such as road traffic accidents (1.1%), accidents from work place (3.2%) and fireworks (1.6%) were recorded. Conclusion: The predominance of slap as the major cause of TM perforation resulting from assaults shows how this condition is caused by avoidable circumstances. Every opportunity should be explored to educate the populace on the sequelae of such indiscriminate outburst of anger.

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Zhang, Tao, Ganjun Liu, Qianyu Yue, Xin Zhao, and Mengyang Hu. "Using Firework Algorithm for Multi-Objective Hardware/Software Partitioning." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 3712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2886430.

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Zhang, Weiqian, Wangpeng Xin, Tingting Hu, Qinghua Gong, Tingting Gao, and Guowei Zhou. "One-step synthesis of NiCo2O4 nanorods and firework-shaped microspheres formed with necklace-like structure for supercapacitor materials." Ceramics International 45, no. 7 (May 2019): 8406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.01.149.

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Zhou, Dekai, Yuan Gao, Junjie Yang, Yuguang C. Li, Guangbin Shao, Guangyu Zhang, Tianlong Li, and Longqiu Li. "Light-Ultrasound Driven Collective “Firework” Behavior of Nanomotors." Advanced Science 5, no. 7 (May 2, 2018): 1800122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201800122.

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Wang, Shudong, Tianyu Zhao, and Shanchen Pang. "Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Improved Firework Algorithm in Fog Computing." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 32385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973758.

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Luo, Weilin, Hongbin Jin, Hao Li, Xi Fang, and Ronghua Zhou. "Optimal Performance and Application for Firework Algorithm Using a Novel Chaotic Approach." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 120798–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004430.

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Shao, Bilin, Dan Song, Genqing Bian, and Yu Zhao. "Wind Speed Forecast Based on the LSTM Neural Network Optimized by the Firework Algorithm." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4874757.

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Wind energy is a renewable energy source with great development potential, and a reliable and accurate prediction of wind speed is the basis for the effective utilization of wind energy. Aiming at hyperparameter optimization in a combined forecasting method, a wind speed prediction model based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimized by the firework algorithm (FWA) is proposed. Focusing on the real-time sudden change and dependence of wind speed data, a wind speed prediction model based on LSTM is established, and FWA is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the model so that the model can set parameters adaptively. Then, the optimized model is compared with the wind speed prediction based on other deep neural architectures and regression models in experiments, and the results show that the wind speed model based on FWA-improved LSTM reduces the prediction error when compared with other wind speed prediction-based regression methods and obtains higher prediction accuracy than other deep neural architectures.

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Alesho, N. A., and I. N. Provorova. "Destruction of food stocks by insects of the fireworm family: hygienic aspects and preventive measures (review)." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2010-07.

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A review of the literature on the issue of damage to food stocks by insects of Pyralidae. Pyralidae — the most dangerous and widespread pests of food stocks, significantly affecting the sanitary and hygienic condition and quality of products of bakeries, bakeries, confectionery factories, flour and cereals and other food enterprises, warehouses and stores. They damage not only grain, flour and products from them, but also all types of dried fruits, dried vegetables, nuts, soy and chocolate candies, as well as various seeds, medicinal raw materials and herbariums, feed, cake, bran, tobacco, spices, coffee beans, cocoa beans, cork. Variants of damage caused by these insects to food stocks are described. Methods of prevention of food supply contamination and pest control are analyzed and systematized.

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CORREA-TANG, Melba Del Rocío, José Lisbinio CRUZ-GUIMARAES, Saúl Alexander PINEDO-FLOR, Kember Mateo MEJÍA-CARHUANCA, and Mónica Paola GARCÍA-CÓRDOVA. "CONOCIENDO Y VALORANDO NUESTROS RECURSOS AMAZÓNICOS A TRAVÉS DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y COMUNICACIÓN (TIC), UN ESTUDIO DE CASO: Arapaima gigas." Folia Amazónica 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24841/fa.v19i1-2.342.

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En muchas instituciones educativas de Loreto y del país, la carencia de medios y materiales, y la ausencia de prácticas de diseño, producción y uso de recursos educativos, con base a las necesidades de los estudiantes, limitan el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa. Ante esta realidad es necesario propiciar el diseño, la producción y el uso de recursos educativos, cumpliendo un rol preponderante las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), lo que en el futuro permitirá mejorar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En concordancia con lo citado se elaboró el material interactivo “El Gigante del Amazonas: paiche Arapaima gigas”, con el objetivo de contribuir a innovar el currículo educativo y la consolidación de los valores de conservación y manejo de los recursos amazónicos a edades tempranas. La información técnica fue traducida en un lenguaje sencillo, facilitando así la labor pedagógica. Este material interactivo agrupa diversas actividades lúdicas de evaluación. Fue procesado en los programas Dreamweaver, Macromedia Flash y Fireworks, y diseñado en formato de página web ejecutado en EDILIM v 3.2. El software fue evaluado con estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas del área de Ciencia Tecnología y Ambiente, ubicados en la ciudad de Iquitos, región Loreto, Perú. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes de ambas instituciones tuvieron un incremento significativo en la comprensión sobre la conservación y manejo de la especie, a través de las TIC, posibilitando que los estudiantes sean capaces de construir su propio proceso de aprendizaje por medio de la experimentación, innovación, difusión y uso compartido de información y de buenas prácticas

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Liu, Lu, Zhouhong Zong, Biao Tang, and Minghong Li. "Damage Assessment of an RC Pier under Noncontact Blast Loading Based on P-I Curves." Shock and Vibration 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9204036.

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Since the 9.11 attacks in New York, terrorist attacks, military strikes, and accidental explosions have caused serious damage to various infrastructures around the world. Accidental traffic explosions in bridge engineering have occurred frequently due to the increasing firework truck on the bridge and heavy fuel oil ships under the bridge. Besides, intentional car bomb explosions in terrorist attacks and military assaults are significant threats to the bridge structure. Bridge pier is a particularly important component of the overall bridge structure due to its vertical support capacity. Therefore, the damage of reinforced concrete (RC) piers under blast loading should be studied. In this paper, the pier is simplified as a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system based on energy equality, and the blast loading distribution on the surface of the pier is simplified as a uniform distribution. Then, the P-I curves of an RC pier are obtained based on the SDOF system and a uniform distribution blast loading to quickly evaluate the damage extent of an RC pier so that the P-I curves and fitting formulas for different damage extents can be used for practical engineering. After a numerical simulation verification, the P-I curves and fitting formulas based on the simplified method can supply a rapid and effective method for engineers to assess the postexplosive damage of an RC pier.

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"Industrial Safety and Well-Being of Fireworks Employees in Sivakasi." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 2S2 (December 30, 2019): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1210.1292s219.

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Fireworks industry is a very flourishing one in Virudhunagar District especially in Sivakasi. But in this industry, the employees are not given adequate safety measures for their safe working. In fireworks the employees have lot of risk on their safety and well being. There has been lot of health afflictions due to air quality. In fireworks industry, safety is most important for the employees. Officials of the state and central government organisation should help in implementation of safety system in fireworks units in Sivakasi to ensure misfortune free fireworks industry. So the study is referring to the main intention of to discover the safety measures in the fireworks industry. According to the factories act the safety instrument should be very important because the safety of the employees is very essential. In fireworks industry lot of fire disaster is happening this is a time to identify the safety materials and well-being of the employees. Because the researcher conducted survey in vijayarangapuram near Sivakasi. The total population 250 employees through this the researcher took 30 samples from the population. This study mainly focused on the employees safety and well-being. The majority people said they need more safety measures like gloves, face mask.

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"The Chemistry of Fireworks." Materials Today 12, no. 3 (March 2009): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(09)70088-4.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fireworks Materials'

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