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Nybakk, Erlend, Anders Lunnan, Jan Inge Jenssen, and Pablo Crespell. "The importance of social networks in the Norwegian firewood industry." Biomass and Bioenergy 57 (October 2013): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.11.018.
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Leandro dos Santos, Leonardo, José Elson Soares Filho, Liszandra Fernanda Araújo Campos, Heber Sivini Ferreira, and Ricardo Peixoto Suassuna Dutra. "The Incorporation of the Ceramic Industry Firewood Ash into Clayey Ceramic." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.240.
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Much industrial waste has mineralogical, chemical and physical characteristics similar to clays used in ceramic materials, enabling the reuse of these as raw materials in the ceramic industry. The ashes are a type of waste containing metals, which can cause air pollution, responsible for serious respiratory problems in the affected population. This study investigate the use of waste derived from the carbonization of a solid fuel (wood) in ceramic paste used for the manufacture of rustic floors, aiming its incorporation into the mix, partially replacing (lessening the environmental problem) the usage of raw material (saving clay), enabling the analysis of certain variables of sample preparation (characterization and formulation) and their influence on the final properties of the material. Results indicate that the partial replacement of clay by ash is feasible in the chemical and mineralogical aspects in the formulation of ceramic paste in the manufacturing of rustic floors.
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Insusanty, Enny, Azwin Azwin, and Emy Sadjati. "PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR DAN NILAI TAMBAH INDUSTRI TEMPE PENGGUNA KAYU BAKAR." Wahana Forestra: Jurnal Kehutanan 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/forestra.v11i1.135.
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This study aims to determine the use of various fuels and value -added soybean industry users of firewood. Experimental research method is to determine the time and the volume of a variety of fuels . To obtain data on value -added soybean industry firewood users do method survey conducted to tempe entrepreneurs with purposive sampling method.Based on data from the fuel use of the most efficient cooking time to enter into the boiling water experiment is the same volume that is 2 liters of data is obtained using the gas. LPG has a high thermal energy by combustion fuel for 7 minutes with a volume of 0.054 kg of fuel chart . Then followed with the use of kerosene to take 10 minutes and liters of fuel for boiling water 0,01. Fire resulting from green kerosene a little sooty issued. Meanwhile, firewood and wood pellets takes 15 minutes with a volume of 2 kg of fuel.Value of the average profit businesses tempeh is Rp 290,000 per sack (50 kg), which according to tempe entrepreneurs already minimal profit because of the high price of soybeans is currently through the price of Rp 450,000 / sack . With the price of Rp 9.000/kg obtained soybean processing industry added value of Rp 9000/kg soybean tempeh, profit Rp7.500/kg soybean, margin Rp 11.000/kg soybeans, and other inputs Rp 2000/kg ( 18.18 %) were include wood fuel input of Rp 500/kg soybean or 4.5 %.
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Kartika, Ahmad Maulana, Aa Setiawan, Dedi Suwandi, and Wardika Wardika. "Rancang Bangun Boiler Pemanas Tahu Kapasitas 90 kW Dengan Tungku Gasifikasi Berbahan Bakar Sekam Padi." MECHANICAL 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/mech.v8.i2.201708.
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Boilers that used in the tofu industry in Indramayu are still use firewood as a fuel. The use of firewood as a fuel in boiler is not effective because it affects the destruction of forests as producers of plants (timber) and oxygen in earth. On the other hand there are also many rice husks that mount in the rice mill and has not been utilized by the surrounding community. Therefore, this research is conducted to utilize rice husk as fuel in boiler for cooking tofu with boiler. This research begins by doing a survey in the field of industry to know about the capacity of traditional wood-fired boilers, which capacity is obtained of 90kW capacity. Then the next step is making boiler husk based on the existing calculations to determine the size of the boiler to be made. Data retrieval is carried out until the temperature of the air boils with a tolerance of up to 30 minutes. Based on the results of the test, the rice husk boiler that has a capacity of 98.3 kW, greater than the value of designing that only 90 kW capacity of combustion and able to heat 190 kg of water within 35 minutes, so it can be used as a substitute of firewood boiler.
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Tumisem, T., and S. Suwarno. "Degradasi Hutan Bakau Akibat Pengambilan Kayu Bakar oleh Indutri Kecil Gula Kelapa di Cilacap." Forum Geografi 22, no. 2 (December 20, 2008): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v22i2.4989.
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A study on degradations mangrove forest due to firewood exploitation by coconut palm sugar home industry in Cilacap. Information on social economic aspect and respons of coconut palm sugar home industry to using fuel substitutions were collected by using a questioner. The potential of mangrove as a firewood source was estimated by quadrat method. The study has been carried out on dry and rainy season. The wood production of available 8000 ha of mangrove from Cilacap primarily Rhizophora apiculata Linn and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk were 3.249.920 m³. The results showed that the declining of mangrove was about 19,250 m² in dry season and 26,551 m² in rainy season, this was correlated with the amount of nira to be processed that was 0,782 m³ in dry season and 1,079 m³ in rainy season. Deforestation of mangrove forest due to change of mangrove zonation. Rhizophora apiculata Linn and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk will be domination Nypa fruticans that is shown superficiality to continent form.
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Hirai, Kensuke. "Energy Use in the Sugar Industry in Colonial Taiwan (1895–1945)." Asian Review of World Histories 9, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340085.
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Abstract This paper discusses energy use in the Taiwanese sugar industry under Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945) and reconsiders the “unilinear energy shift” from organic resources to fossil resources. Although the sugar industry could obtain much of its energy from bagasse, it had to procure supplementary energy sources, such as firewood and coal from energy markets. Furthermore, technological improvements made by the sugar industry resulted in increased demand for these supplementary energy sources. Companies improved supply by increasing the range of procurement options according to the fluctuation of relative prices between resources or by improving procurement methods through negotiating with seller and transporter, and they lowered demand through the introduction of energy-saving technologies. As a result of each company pursuing the “optimal energy mix” in response to its own business environment (corporate culture, location, and management strategy), energy consumption did not converge on coal as a single source but diversified.
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Gejdoš, Miloš, and Jozef Suchomel. "Potential, Prices and Resources of Raw Wood Assortments for the Pulp and Paper Industry in Central Europe." Key Engineering Materials 688 (April 2016): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.688.210.
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In the last decade the prices of wood in Slovakia were affected by the global economic crisis, rising intensity and extent of incidental felling and specific market conditions in SR. This paper analyses the shares of selected raw wood assortments supplies for the pulp and paper industry in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany for the period 2008-2013. We also analyse the price trends of raw-wood assortments of the III.C class spruce, fir and beech saw-logs, pulpwood and firewood in selected countries of Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The analysed period represented the last 7 years (from 2008 - April 2015). The last part is devoted to evaluation of the potential of these assortments as a source of raw material for pulp and paper industry.
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Styawan, Farid, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, and Lestari Rahayu Waluyati. "Permintaan Kedelai Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Tahu Di Kabupaten Sleman." Agro Ekonomi 27, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.22932.
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The needs of domestic consumption of soybean tends increasing every year, one of them for tofu industry inputs. This study aims to determine: 1) the factors that influence the demand for soybean on tofu industry in Sleman Regency, 2) the value-added generated from tofu industry in Sleman Regency, 3) the factors that affect tofu industry profits in Sleman Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis method. This research was conducted in Seyegan districts and Gamping districts in 2016, and taken proportionally 65 people tofu industry as respondents. Factors that affect demand for soybean on tofu industry and the factors that affect tofu profitability were calculated using linear regression analysis, while the value-added on tofu industry calculated using the value-added method of Hayami. The results showed that demand for soybean is influenced by soybean prices, labor costs, the price of firewood, and the ownership status of the milling machine. Then, the value-added of fried tofu is Rp 5.602,4/kg of soybean, the value-added of white tofu is Rp 5.175,2/kg of soybean, and the value-added of yellow tofu is Rp 3.999,6/kg of soybean. The results also showed that the profits of tofu industry in Sleman influenced by labor costs, the price of soybeans, production capacity, business experience, and the price of coagulant.
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Brašanac-Bosanac, Ljiljana, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović, Saša Eremija, Snežana Stajić, and Aleksandar Lučić. "Improving the use of forest-based biomass for energy purposes in Serbia." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 77-78 (2018): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor1877113b.
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Serbia is one of the countries of Southeastern Europe with significant potentials for using biomass from forests and wood processing industry in the form of wood residues for the production of modern fuels. This type of biomass has not been used efficiently. One of the reasons is the traditional use of firewood for domestic heating needs despite its lower energy efficiency compared to pellets and briquettes. According to FAO methodology, the estimated energy potential of the available biomass derived from forests and wood processing industry in Serbia amounts to 1.53 Mtoe/year. According to the Energy Sector Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia for the period by 2025 with projections by 2030 together with relevant Decisions on the energy balance determination, the degree of the use of potentially available biomass from forests and wood processing industry is around 1.02 Mtoe/year (66.7%). The remaining unused potential of this biomass is estimated at around 0.51Mtoe / year. Besides the study of the state of biomass from forests and wood processing industry, the paper provides recommendations on how to increase the utilization rate of this biomass in Serbia.
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Kursky, Viktor F., Alexey G. Shchelochkov, and Artem A. Bechenkov. "Ignition fluids as objects of chemical research in the investigation of arson crimes." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-120.
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In connection with the development of modern industry, various means appear to make the life of citizens easier, but this is also used by criminals, modifying, and sometimes leaving some objects in their original state. This is exactly what happened with a new type of ignition means – liquids for lighting firewood and charcoal. Criminals began to use such liquids as a means of crime when setting fire to buildings, structures, cars. The article discusses the physicochemical study of liquids for ignition, sold in the retail trade network as a product for lighting firewood and coal. The wide selection and availability of these objects allows them to be used in the commission of crimes related to arson. The paper considers the range of liquids for ignition with the establishment of their chemical composition, compliance with the composition declared by the manufacturer. A study of eleven samples, often found in the sale of means for ignition, was carried out by gas chromatography using a gas chromatograph Kristall-5000.2 with a flame ionization detector, in addition, the obtained compositions were compared with the manufacturer's declared on the label. It was found that for a number of samples the compositions differ from those declared, for example, the manufacturer declared a mixture of hydrocarbons for the ignition fluid "Lighter", but in fact only methanol, the fluid for ignition "FLAME" declared a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, and in fact, ethanol, ethyl acetate and diethyl acetate. Thus, the manufacturer, trying to save on ingredients and production methods, uses cheaper and simpler chemical compositions.
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Wu, Baixin, Haifeng Yan, and Ao Sun. "Manually Produce Clay-Based Housing Materials in Rural Area." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p104.
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Rural housing materials in developing countries (such as African countries) are mostly (crop) straw for roof cover, soil and tree branch for (round) wall. The houses are small with interior dark. In the case of electricity, mechanical and economic conditions are not allowed, farmers hardly know how to improve housing conditions or create economic benefits by applying manual labour, animal power, land, timber and fuel (firewood or coal). In this article, the method of manually producing baked tiles (for roof cover) and bricks (for wall) are described in detail with a set of historic pictures, which aims to inherit Chinese farmers’ wisdom and diligence (intangible cultural heritage), arouse farmers in developing countries to improve their housing conditions by self reliance, promote the rise and development of rural industry, at the same time, promote the construction of water conservancy project.
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Yakovleva, E., and Alisher Subkhonberdiev. "THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF INNOVATIVE FOREST PRODUCTS." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-375-379.
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The article summarizes the data on the competitive advantages of innovative forest products in Russia and abroad. It is noted that the Russian market is not completely ready for innovative products that have been intensively developed recently. To ensure universal promotion of new products, it is necessary to use a system of product standardization, improve staff skills, and increase consumer literacy. The problem is that many innovative products are developed abroad and enter the Russian market as a result of foreign investment in the Russian timber industry. The production of composite structural wood materials is due to the fact that in some regions of the world there is a large proportion of low-quality wood raw materials, which cannot be used in industry in the form of balances, technological raw materials and firewood. Innovative technologies make it possible to obtain construction and structural materials from low-quality wood raw materials, in which there are no shortcomings of solid wood. New structural wood materials fill specific market niches, leading to deeper market differentiation. The price factor largely determines the demand for innovative products in the domestic market, otherwise, excess volumes of products are exported to foreign markets.
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Siagian, Yuli Yanthi, Rizal Sinaga, Christoper Sinaga, and Yosef Manik. "Life cycle assessment and eco-efficiency Indicator for ulos weaving using loom machine in Toba Samosir Regency of North Sumatra." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187405002.
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Toba Samosir Regency is one of the centers of ulos weaving in North Sumatera. Most of the weaving processes are carried out traditionally by small-size enterprises. However, it is identified that there are 8 ulos weaving industries that utilize loom machine. To date, no holistic environmental impact assessment has yet been conducted on weaving industry in Toba Samosir. This study aims to assess potential environmental impact caused by weaving industry in Toba Samosir. The scope of this study covers gate-to-gate stages in ulos production, consisting mangiran, washing, dipping, drying, dying, boiling, sun-drying, weaving, and manirat. The functional unit of this study is 182 kg of ulos, representing one batch of production. The assessments are conducted by two approaches; these are Life Cycle Assessment and Eco-efficiency Index measurement. The LCA modeling and computation of environmental impacts are aided by openLCA software. From LCA, it is revealed that the potential environmental impacts associated with ulos weaving are Eutrophication Potential (5.28E+01 kg PO4 eq - 8.41E+01 kg PO4 eq), Climate Change Potential (7.17E+02 kg CO2 eq - 5.74E+02 kg CO2 eq), and Photochemical Oxidation Potential (3.40E+00 kg CFC-11 eq - 4.68E+01 kg CFC-11 eq). The major stressors causing these impacts are using firewood. The calculation result of Eco-Efficiency Index (EEI) for weaving industry in Toba Samosir Regency falls between 0,1 and 0,4, which indicates the product is affordable but not sustainable..
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Makushev, Andrey E. "OIL IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FUEL MARKET THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY." Economic History, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.043.014.201804.441-458.
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Introduction. The change of technical and technological guidelines for the development of domestic industry led to a change in priorities in fuel consumption, clearly manifested in the late XIX – early XX century. Along with firewood and charcoal, fuel oil plays an increasingly active role in the structure of industrial consumption. The rapid growth of oil production, which began in the 1870s, contributed to its rapid advancement in the fuel market. This article analyzes the role of oil in the fuel and energy balance of the territory of the Middle Volga region at the beginning of the 20th century. The regional market shows the structure of oil consumption, as well as its importance in the energy supply of industrial enterprises. Materials and Methods. In order to solve the assigned research tasks, archival materials, published data of official statistics, as well as scientific literature were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the methods of socio-economic history. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and system. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of a statistical method. The application of the modernization theory allowed to include the processes of development of the oil and oil products market in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Despite the instability of the oil and oil products market, which had the nature of wave-like fluctuations, the economy of the Middle Volga region since the 1880s increasingly becoming petroleum. The rapid growth of oil production and refining in the Baku region, which rapidly changed the structure of the fuel market, contributed to the decisive degree of strengthening the “oil” direction in the Russian energy sector of the early 20th century. An important factor was the development of market infrastructure and transport, which ensured the rapid delivery of oil and petroleum products to consumers in the provinces of the Middle Volga region. However, under the influence of a number of factors, the decisive of which was the sharp rise in the cost of fuel oil, there was an increase in the share in the fuel market for hard coal, which became particularly noticeable at the beginning of the second decade of the 20th century. Discussion and Conclusion. In the late XIX – early XX centuries under the influence of the intensifying wave of industrial modernization, the economic structure of the Middle Volga province was transformed, which included more and more industrial features. One of the manifestations of this process was the increase in demand for fuel oil. Until the beginning of the XX century oil in weight terms was ahead of the supply of Donetsk coal, then, under the influence of the excise system spreading to the oil market, as well as price factors expressed in the rapid rise in oil prices, the priority of consumers changed in favor of coal, and in some cases even increasing demand for firewood. True, in the industrial segment of the economy, the ratio of oil and hard coal was approximately equal, with minor fluctuations in one direction or another. In general, the transition to the widespread use of oil in industry contributed to the acceleration of the industrial modernization of the Middle Volga region, the growth of both quantitative and qualitative parameters of the development of factory industry Keywords: oil, oil refining, coal, fuel market, industrial modernization, industry, the Middle Volga region.
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Gerbens-Leenes, Winnie, Santiago Vaca-Jiménez, and Mesfin Mekonnen. "Burning Water, Overview of the Contribution of Arjen Hoekstra to the Water Energy Nexus." Water 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102844.
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This paper gives an overview of the contribution of water footprint (WF) studies on water for energy relationships. It first explains why water is needed for energy, gives an overview of important water energy studies until 2009, shows the contribution of Hoekstra’s work on WF of energy generation, and indicates how this contribution has supported new research. Finally, it provides knowledge gaps that are relevant for future studies. Energy source categories are: 1. biofuels from sugar, starch and oil crops; 2. cellulosic feedstocks; 3. biofuels from algae; 4. firewood; 5. hydropower and 6. various sources of energy including electricity, heat and transport fuels. Especially category 1, 3, 4, 5 and to a lesser extent 2 have relatively large WFs. This is because the energy source derives from agriculture or forestry, which has a large water use (1,2,4), or has large water use due to evaporation from open water surfaces (3,5). WFs for these categories can be calculated using the WF tool. Category 6 includes fossil fuels and renewables, such as photovoltaics and wind energy and has relatively small WFs. However, information needs to be derived from industry.
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Nimbkar, Nandini. "Leucaena feeding systems in India." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)415-419.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Since its introduction to India in 1976 Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata has spread rapidly, especially in the last couple of decades, mainly due to its use as either firewood or pulpwood. Use of its foliage for feeding livestock has been mainly a by-product of this activity. The foliage is highly nutritious because it has high protein concentration and good palatability, and the tree can withstand repeated defoliation. Research carried out by Indian scientists on leucaena has focused on mainly agronomic management, agroforestry studies of mixed cropping systems, mimosine toxicity, germplasm testing and economic evaluation. Feeding leucaena has had a positive impact on the dairy industry in particular. It is rarely purchased for fodder and is usually poached by smallholders from existing plantations, most of which are established by animal rearers for their own purposes. More widespread use of leucaena for fodder could be achieved in India by introducing varieties with either reduced seed production or sterile ones, which can be easily propagated vegetatively. In addition, psyllid resistance, suitable mechanized harvesting methods and training livestock owners in proper management of leucaena trees should help in making this high quality fodder more popular in India.
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Black, Bryan A., and Marc D. Abrams. "Analysis of temporal variation and species-site relationships of witness tree data in southeastern Pennsylvania." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-184.
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Witness tree species site relationships are described with respect to parent material, soil drainage, and soil surface texture in Lancaster County, southeastern Pennsylvania. Quercus velutina Lam. and Carya were positively associated with "limestone" parent materials and well-drained, loamy sites. Quercus velutina was strongly associated with "acid shale and sandstone" parent materials and well-drained, upland soils. Quercus alba L. was most abundant on parent material classes associated with stream valleys and coves while Qurecus prinus L. and Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. were positively associated with well-drained, rocky sites on "quartzite" parent materials. Procedures were then developed to test for significant changes in witness tree species frequencies over the 100-year period of metes and bounds surveys in Lancaster County. These tests revealed that Quercus coccinea L., Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., and early successional species were surveyed much later than Quercus rubra L., Q. alba, and Carya spp. Agricultural land clearing, cutting for firewood, selective logging, and the charcoal-iron industry all probably contributed these species changes. Overall, abundances of minor species appear to be much more sensitive to these early settlement land uses. Given the extent of metes and bounds surveys, these tests for temporal variations may be applied to witness tree data throughout the eastern United States.
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Glavonjic, Branko, and Nike Krajnc. "Woody biomass consumption in Montenegro and its contribution to the realization of the national 2020 renewable energy target." Thermal Science 17, no. 4 (2013): 957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130607117g.
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This paper is the continuation of the presentation of results obtained in comprehensive research of woody biomass consumption in Montenegro conducted as a part of the FODEMO/MONSTAT project ?Wood fuels consumption in Montenegro?. The previous paper (No.2, 2013) showed results of wood fuels consumption for households heating and this paper shows their consumption for the other energy purposes as well as its participation in total final energy consumption in Montenegro. Total consumption of woody biomass for energy and non-energy purposes in Montenegro in 2011 was 1.06 million m3, out of which 732.9 thousand m3 or 69.1% was in the form of firewood and 326.6 thousand m3 or 30.8% was in the form of industrial roundwood. Additionally, 251 m3 of woody biomass in the form of wood residue were used for the needs of charcoal producers and households. Apart from this, 423 tonnes of wood briquettes, 948 tonnes of wood pellets, 1039 tonnes of charcoal, 86,193 m3 of wood residue from industry and 5,254 m3 of wood waste from construction industry were also used for energy purposes. Total final consumption of wood energy, which includes the consumption of all wood fuel categories, was 7,275.04 TJ or 173,761 toe (tonne of oil equivalent) in Montenegro in 2011, which is equal to the value of 2,020,844,444 kWh. The size of energy values and significance of wood energy is best shown by the fact that wood is the third most important energy-generating product in final energy consumption in Montenegro, just behind petroleum products and electricity. Compared to final consumption of electricity of 12,290 TJ, value of wood energy in the amount of 7,275.04 TJ is 59.2% of electricity consumption.
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Aagaard, Anders Kruse, and Niels Martin Larsen. "Developing a fabrication workflow for irregular sawlogs." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077120906736.
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In this article, we suggest using contemporary manufacturing technologies to integrate material properties with architectural design tools, revealing new possibilities for the use of wood in architecture. Through an investigative approach, material capacities and fabrication methods are explored and combined towards establishing new workflows and architectural expressions, where material, fabrication and result are closely interlinked. The experimentation revolves around discarded, crooked oak logs, doomed to be used as firewood due to their irregularity. This project treats their diverging shapes differently by offering unique processing to each log informed by its particularities. We suggest here a way to use the natural forms and properties of sawlogs to generate new structures and spatial conditions. In this article, we discuss the scope of this approach and provide an example of a workflow for handling the discrete shapes of natural sawlogs in a system that involve the collection of material, scanning/digitisation, handling of a stockpile, computer analysis, design and robotic manufacturing. The creation of this specific method comes from a combination of investigation of wood as a material, review of existing research in the field, studies of the production lines in the current wood industry and experimentation through our in-house laboratory facilities. As such, the workflow features several solutions for handling the complex and different shapes and data of natural wood logs in a highly digitised machining and fabrication environment. This up-cycling of discarded wood supply establishes a non-standard workflow that utilises non-standard material stock and leads to a critical articulation of today’s linear material economy. The project becomes part of an ambition to reach sustainable development goals and technological innovation in global and resource-intensive architecture and building industry.
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Dora Felicita Dongoran and Sisca Vaulina. "ANALISIS AGROINDUSTRI LEMPUK DURIAN DI DESA SELATBARU KECAMATAN BANTAN KABUPATEN BENGKALIS." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 35, no. 2 (September 15, 2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2019.vol35(2).7696.
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Agroindustry is an activity of processing agricultural products to be semi-product or product that has economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of entrepreneurs and agroindustry business profiles of lempuk durian, the use of raw materials, supporting materials, labor, processing technology, and production processes of lempuk durian, the poduction costs, income, efficiency and added value of lempuk durian, and marketing of durian products. The study used survey methods located in Selatbaru Village, Bantan District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. A total of 4 craffsmen was selected as respondents by the census. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results showed that the lempuk durian craffsman averaged 47 years old, 12 years old education, 14 years of business experience, and 5 person of family member. Agroindustry profile of lempuk durian was a small-scale industry category. The use of raw materials consisted of durian meat and supporting materials such as sugar, firewood, plastic packing, bunch, string, label, isolation, solar, and gas cylinders. The average use of fixed costs was IDR 1,968,633 per production process, production costs was IDR 15,886,133 per production process, gross income was IDR 26,937,500 per production process and net income was IDR 11,051,367 per production process and RCR value was 1.70 with value-added IDR 51,016. The marketing of lempuk durian had two marketing channels.
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Lima, Daniel Junio da Silva, Luís Francisco Mello Coelho, and Renato Garcia Rodrigues. "Influência da Indústria do Gesso e da Agropecuária na Dinâmica da Cobertura Vegetal no Polo Gesseiro do Araripe." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 07 (December 11, 2020): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.07.p3326-3335.
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A exploração da gipsita, minério utilizado na produção de Gesso, constitui a principal atividade econômica do Polo Gesseiro do Araripe (PGA), tendo principalmente a lenha como matriz energética nas indústrias de transformação. Para compreender como a dinâmica econômica e produtiva do PGA está relacionada com as variações na cobertura vegetal, combinamos informações do MapBiomas com dados relacionados a indústria do gesso e ao PIB do PGA. A cobertura vegetal da área de estudo é caracterizada por fisionomias de caatinga sedimentar e cristalina, sendo que as áreas de caatinga sedimentar, localizada na APA do Araripe, são estudadas separadamente. Foi utilizada análise de regressão linear simples para descrever a relação entre a cobertura vegetal e as variáveis explicativas. Todos os modelos gerados pela análise de regressão linear apresentaram coeficientes de regressão negativos, sendo que para a área de caatinga fora da APA, esses coeficientes foram estatisticamente significativos com todas as variáveis explicativas e apresentaram normalidade dos resíduos. Já os modelos gerados para a área de caatinga dentro da APA não foram estatisticamente significativos. O presente estudo foi o primeiro a analisar explicitamente a relação entre as duas principais fitofisionomias vegetais do PGA com variáveis associadas à produção de gesso e ao PIB da região. A partir das análises conduzidas foi possível identificar que a área fora da APA, onde predomina a fitofisionomia denominada caatinga do cristalino, é mais suscetível à exploração relacionada ao desenvolvimento econômico, onde as atividades agropecuárias e a indústria do gesso são os principais indutores do desmatamento. Influence of Plaster and Agricultural Industries in the Dynamic of Vegetation Cover at the Araripe Plaster Center A B S T R A C TThe exploitation of gypsum, an ore used for plaster production, consists in the main economic activity at the Araripe Plaster Center (PGA) that uses firewood as the energy matrix in the transformation industries. To understand how the economic and productive dynamics from PGA are related to the variations in vegetation cover, we combined information from MapBiomas with data related to the Plaster Industry and to the PGA´s GDP. The vegetation cover from the study area is characterized by physiognomies of sedimentary and crystalline Caatinga. Areas of sedimentary Caatinga are located in the Araripe Environmental Protection Area (APA) and are studied separately. A simple linear regression analysis was used to describe the relation between vegetation cover and the explanatory variables. All models generated by the linear regression analysis presented negative regressive coefficients. For the Caatinga area outside the APA, those coefficients were statistically significant for all the explanatory variables and indicated normality of residuals. Yet the models generated for the Caatinga inside the APA were not statistically significant. The present study was the first to explicitly analyze the relation between PGA´s both main vegetation phytophysiognomies with variables associated to plaster production and to the region´s GDP. From the conducted analyses, it was possible to identify that the area outside the APA, where the crystalline Caatinga predominates, is more susceptible to the exploitation related to the economic development, where farming and plaster industry activities are the main deforestation conductors.Keywords: Caatinga, Deforestation, Energy Matrix, Firewood, MapBiomas.
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H.C, Yogesh, and S. K. Srivastava. "Constraints Faced by the Flue-cured Virginia Tobacco growers in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.3.22.
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Tobacco is one of the important commercial crops of India and also called as “golden leaf”. It provides employment directly and indirectly to 38 millions of people. As a commercial crop, tobacco forms an important item in the Indian export basket. FCV tobacco accounts for around 85 per cent of total tobacco exports. Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka together have a share of 99 per cent of total FCV tobacco production in India. Due to less availability of labour, high cost of inputs and poor farm mechanization, resources may not utilize efficiently. Increasing productivity and thereby reducing costs will greatly enhance the competitiveness of tobacco industry both globally as well as in the domestic market. The present study has been conducted with reference to FCV tobacco; to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in the production of FCV tobacco. The Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are purposively selected for the study as these states are major FCV tobacco growers in India. A total of 120 FCV tobacco growers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have been selected by multistage random sampling. The study reveals that untimely rainfall emerged as most severe constraint faced by the farmers in Andhra Pradesh whereas, scarcity of labour has been severe rank constraint for farmers in Karnataka. Though FCV tobacco cultivation in the study area gives high net returns to the farmers but the profit is sustainable if the farmers are provided with more labour, water availability and availability of firewood at low cost.
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Amorim, Erick Phelipe, João Roberto Menucelli, Aline Delfino Germano, Rubens Francisco Pereira de Faria, Juraci de Andrade Barbosa, Franciane de Andrade Pádua, Miguel Luiz Menezes de Freitas, et al. "Technological potential of fibers from 20 Hevea brasiliensis clones for use as pulp, paper, and composite materials." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 18, 2021): e549101019102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19102.
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Based on the use of Hevea brasiliensis in latex production, the species has a consolidated role in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the production cycle, which lasts from 25 to 30 years, resulting wood, in general, has no added value and is normally used for firewood, without further exploring its technological properties. Seeking to introduce this species into the pulp and paper industry, we aimed to determine the fiber quality of 20 commercial clones. Wood samples were collected from planted trees (11 to 12 years old) in the municipality of Selvíria - MS. We calculated wood quality indexes of H. brasiliensis for cellulose and paper, including Flexibility coefficient, Wall proportion, Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio (Aspect ratio), and Luce's Shape Factor. The fiber quality indexes that best indicate the potential use of wood from Hevea brasiliensis clones for cellulose and paper production were Wall Fraction, Runkel Ratio and Luce's Shape Factor, indicating that H. brasiliensis fibers, if used for proper industrial purposes, will give origin of a rigid paper with greater bonding contact on the surface. The clones that presented better results for fiber quality indexes were IAC 311, IAC 41, IAN 873, IAC 326, IAC 40 and RRIM 725. Enabling the use of wood after the latex exploratory cycle for pulp and paper will serve as a basis for genetic improvement of these clones and expansion of forest plantations for this purpose.
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Prasanga, Wadumesthri Chethiya, Amalka Nawarathna, and Pavithra Rathnasiri. "Use of Cotton Apparel Waste as an Energy Source for Biomass Boilers: A Feasibility Study." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160106.
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The steady growth of the Sri Lankan apparel manufacturing sector over the last three decades has resulted in generating large amount of solid apparel waste. Currently, it is a massive environmental and financial burden of the sector. As a solution, few apparel manufacturers have initiated using apparel waste, specifically the cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers. The apparel sector as one of the major thermal energy consumers, they consider it as a possible solution not only for the apparel waste disposal issue, but also for the challenge of getting continuous supply of firewood for the boilers. However, the promotion of such a solution throughout the apparel industry is impractical without a feasibility study in terms of social, environmental, financial, legal and technical aspects over its mechanism. Therefore, this research focused to identify the feasibility of using cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers as an energy source. Towards this aim, a qualitative research approach was followed involving the case study strategy. Basically, two cases were selected and analysed the feasibility of using cotton waste for boilers under pre-determined feasibility criteria in detail. Data collection for the case study was done through a document survey and expert interviews. Findings revealed the entire feasibility of environmental, financial, legal and technical aspects and in overall it can be concluded that the use of cotton apparel waste for biomass boilers as an energy source is feasible. Accordingly, this study provides insights into making decisions on managing both waste disposal and heat energy requirement issues of the apparel factories.
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Cantú Gutiérrez, Citlalli, and Joaquín Quiroz Carranza. "EL FOGÓN ABIERTO DE TRES PIEDRAS EN LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN: TRADICIÓN Y TRANSFERENCIA TECNOLÓGICA." Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 7, no. 13 (June 1, 2012): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2012.13.117.
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En México, y particularmente en la península de Yucatán, el uso del fogón abierto de tres piedras y de leña combustible es un recurso de gran importancia por su cantidad de usuarios, el sustento histórico-cultural y su significado dentro del complejo de tecnologías tradicionales. Su existencia actual representa un proceso de autonomía de las poblaciones indígenas, campesinas y pobres respecto a las redes hegemónicas de energéticos convencionales. En este artículo se describen las características del fogón abierto y de las especies preferidas como leña con base en observaciones realizadas en 4,000 viviendas de 39 localidades de Yucatán y Quintana Roo, México. Se analiza el proceso de transferencia tecnológica y se describe un proceso de entrega de fogones del gobierno federal en Yucatán, interpretándose como una política de subsidio de carbono hacia la industria capitalista local y como una forma de neutralizar lo autónomo tradicional y los esfuerzos de la sociedad civil organizada por impulsar el desarrollo participativo y comunitario.
ABSTRACTIn Mexico and particularly on the Yucatan peninsula, the use of the three-stone open fire cook stove and fire wood fuel is a phenomenon of great importance due to the number of people using it, its historical-cultural background and its meaning within the complex of traditional technologies. Its current existence represents a process of autonomy of the indigenous, peasant and poor populations with respect to the hegemonic networks of conventional sources of energy. Based on observations of 4000 households in 39 locations in Yucatan and Quintana Roo, Mexico, this article describes the characteristics of the open fire cook stove as well as the preferred types of firewood. It analyzes the transfer of technology and describes the process of delivery of open fire cook stoves by the federal government in Yucatan, interpreting it as a carbon subsidy policy for both local capitalist industry and developed countries, and as a way of neutralizing traditional autonomy and the efforts of organized civil society to promote participatory and community development.
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Achi, Chibueze G., Amro Hassanein, and Stephanie Lansing. "Enhanced Biogas Production of Cassava Wastewater Using Zeolite and Biochar Additives and Manure Co-Digestion." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020491.
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Currently, there are challenges with proper disposal of cassava processing wastewater, and a need for sustainable energy in the cassava industry. This study investigated the impact of co-digestion of cassava wastewater (CW) with livestock manure (poultry litter (PL) and dairy manure (DM)), and porous adsorbents (biochar (B-Char) and zeolite (ZEO)) on energy production and treatment efficiency. Batch anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted, with 16 treatments of CW combined with manure and/or porous adsorbents using triplicate reactors for 48 days. The results showed that CW combined with ZEO (3 g/g total solids (TS)) produced the highest cumulative CH4 (653 mL CH4/g VS), while CW:PL (1:1) produced the most CH4 on a mass basis (17.9 mL CH4/g substrate). The largest reduction in lag phase was observed in the mixture containing CW (1:1), PL (1:1), and B-Char (3 g/g TS), yielding 400 mL CH4/g volatile solids (VS) after 15 days of digestion, which was 84.8% of the total cumulative CH4 from the 48-day trial. Co-digesting CW with ZEO, B-Char, or PL provided the necessary buffer needed for digestion of CW, which improved the process stability and resulted in a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD). Co-digestion could provide a sustainable strategy for treating and valorizing CW. Scale-up calculations showed that a CW input of 1000–2000 L/d co-digested with PL (1:1) could produce 9403 m3 CH4/yr using a 50 m3 digester, equivalent to 373,327 MJ/yr or 24.9 tons of firewood/year. This system would have a profit of $5642/yr and a $47,805 net present value.
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Savira, Navisa, Agus Hartoko, and Wahyu Adi. "Perubahan Luasan Mangrove Pesisir Timur Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Menggunakan Citra Satelit ASTER." Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan 12, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/akuatik.v12i1.691.
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Mangrove resources provide economic and ecological value. The expansion of residential areas makes the level of need for shelter as well as the region increases. This will have an impact on the utilization of mangrove in sufficient needs such as firewood, charcoal and building materials. If continue berlasngsung then do not deny the existence of mangrove degradation. The occurrence of mangrove degradation will have a direct impact on the local community. Considering the importance of mangrove function and the need for data of mangrove area change, it is needed to analyze the change of mangrove area in coastal of Bangka Tengah, which will be analyzed within 15 years in 2002 and 2017, so that the result of this study is expected to be further management by local government to conserve mangrove forests. This research was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 with location station determination based on unsupervised image classification, that is classification based on digital number using RGB_231 image composite for ASTER image. Based on the results of the study, there is a change of mangrove area from 2002-2014 as much as 176.3 Ha or about 15.95% and in 2014-2017 there is an increase of 36.23 Ha or about 3.9%. The value of NDVI analys in East Coast of Central Bangka Regency in 2017 ranges from 0.005 to 0.156. the occurrence of the reduction of mangrove area due to the changing function of mangrove land into settlement, mangrove logging in the utilization of charcoal and mining industry. The addition of the extent of the addition of seedlings along the coast of Kurau and Penyak.
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LAMOND, GENEVIEVE, LINDSEY SANDBROOK, ANJA GASSNER, and FERGUS L. SINCLAIR. "LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF TREE ATTRIBUTES UNDERPINS SPECIES SELECTION ON COFFEE FARMS." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (May 31, 2016): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000168.
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SUMMARYThe extent to which coffee agroforestry systems provide ecosystem services depends on local context and management practices. There is a paucity of information about how and why farmers manage their coffee farms in the way that they do and the local knowledge that underpins this. The present research documents local agro-ecological knowledge from a coffee growing region within the vicinity of the Aberdare Forest Reserve in Central Kenya. Knowledge was acquired from over 60 coffee farmers in a purposive sample, using a knowledge-based systems approach, and tested with a stratified random sample of 125 farmers using an attribute ranking survey. Farmers had varying degrees of explanatory knowledge about how trees affected provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Trees were described as suitable or unsuitable for growing with coffee according to tree attributes such as crown density and spread, root depth and spread, growth rate and their economic benefit. Farmers were concerned that too high a level of shade and competition for water and nutrients would decrease coffee yields, but they were also interested in diversifying production from their coffee farms to include fruits, timber, firewood and other tree products as a response to fluctuating coffee prices. A range of trees were maintained in coffee plots and along their boundaries but most were at very low abundances. Promoting tree diversity rather than focussing on one or two high value exotic species represents a change of approach for extension systems, the coffee industry and farmers alike, but is important if the coffee dominated landscapes of the region are to retain their tree species richness and the resilience this confers.
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Roux, J., M. J. Wingfield, and D. Mujuni Byabashaija. "First Report of Ceratocystis Wilt of Acacia mearnsii in Uganda." Plant Disease 85, no. 9 (September 2001): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.1029b.
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Ceratocystis albofundus, the cause of Ceratocystis wilt of Acacia mearnsii, is known only from South Africa. The only known hosts of this fungus are A. mearnsii, Acacia decurrens, and two species of Protea (1). This pathogen causes stem cankers, xylem discoloration, wilt, and the death of susceptible A. mearnsii trees in South Africa, leading to considerable losses to the forestry industry (1). During a recent survey of forest plantation diseases in Uganda, A. mearnsii trees with “streaked” discoloration of the xylem, typical of Ceratocystis infection, were found in southwestern Uganda. These trees had been damaged mechanically by the harvesting of side branches and/or stems for firewood and construction. Xylem discoloration was spreading through the trees from these wounds. Trees showed typical stem cankers and gummosis, which is associated with C. albofundus infection, as well as foliage wilting. Isolations from infected trees yielded a fungus that was similar morphologically to C. albofundus, with typical hat-shaped ascospores and light-colored perithecial bases (2). Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA operon of Ugandan isolates (CMW5329, CMW5964, GenBank accession no. AF388947) confirmed their identification, grouping them with C. albofundus and separating them from all other Ceratocystis species. This is the first report of C. albofundus from a country other than South Africa. C. albofundus is an important pathogen, and strategies to reduce losses need to be established in Uganda because the aggressiveness of C. albofundus to A. mearnsii has been shown in inoculation experiments (1). References: (1) Morris et al. Plant Pathol. 42:814, 1993. (2) Wingfield et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19:191, 1996.
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Soto, Daniel P., Pablo J. Donoso, Angélica Vásquez-Grandón, Mauricio González-Chang, and Christian Salas-Eljatib. "Differential Early Performance of Two Underplanted Hardwood Tree Species Following Restoration Treatments in High-Graded Temperate Rainforests." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040401.
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Raulí (Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. & Endl.)) and Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.) are mid-tolerant tree species in the Coihue-Raulí-Tepa (ca. 0.55 mill ha) and Evergreen (ca. 4.1 mill ha) forest types in south-central Chile, respectively. These species have been selectively logged in old-growth forests especially during the 20th century, Raulí mostly for its highly valuable timber, and Ulmo for its highly demanded firewood and bark for the tannery industry. Natural regeneration of these species occurs mostly through canopy gaps, but it can be retarded, or even inhibited, when the cover of the understory vegetation becomes unusually dense, such as in high-graded forests. Although underplanting is possible for these species, the knowledge about their growth in forest understories is scarce, and necessary to inform restoration programs. Therefore, we evaluated short-term responses (two years) of underplanted containerized seedlings in root-collar diameter, height, stem volume, and in the slenderness index, as a function of canopy openness (%, continuous variable) and three restoration treatments (categorical variables, plus one control treatment) at two different sites with high-graded old-growth forests for each forest type. By using generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) we determined that Raulí was more sensitive to the influence of both canopy openness and restoration treatments, while Ulmo was mostly influenced by canopy openness. Specifically, Raulí was positively influenced by canopy openness and restoration treatments in all response variables except for the slenderness index. Conversely, Ulmo was influenced by canopy openness in all response variables except the slenderness index, which was influenced by both predictor variables (canopy openness and restoration treatments). Thus, prospects for restoration with these species are discussed, including possible ontogenetic changes in their responses to light that may demand continuous silvicultural operations to recover the productive and functional roles of these species in these forest ecosystems.
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N, Indumathi. "Prediction of Health Complications among Firework Industry Workers Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP8 (July 30, 2020): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp8/20202534.
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Smith, F. H. "Swartwattelbome: seën of vloek vir Suid- Afrika?" Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 25, no. 4 (September 22, 2006): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v25i4.166.
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Daar is reeds baie geskryf oor uitheemse indringerplante, veral Acacia mearnsii De Wild, die swartwattelboom en die skade wat hierdie plante aan die plaaslike ekologie aanrig. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan die ontstaan van die probleem, asook aan die inbring en verspreiding van swartwattelbome in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Suid-Afrika). Die probleme wat deur die onbeheerde verspreiding van wattelbome veroorsaak is, het die regering verplig om op te tree ten einde hierdie probleme te bekamp. Voor 1936 was daar aanvanklik geen formele beleid met betrekking tot die invoer, kweek en beheer van hierdie bome nie. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die regering in die wattelbedryf ingegryp het om ’n sekere mate van beheer te vestig en om probleme met betrekking tot uitheemse indringerplante in die algemeen – en die swartwattelboom in die besonder – die hoof te bied. Voorts sal daar ook gelet word op die rol van swartwattel in volhoubare ontwikkeling deur te fokus op die omgewings-/ekologiese probleem van impak op die biodiversiteit en die waterbronne en ook op die voordele wat dit het om woudherstel aan te help. Die artikel bespreek sosiale voordele wat die boom het vir inwoners van landelike gebiede as voorsiener in bou- en konstruksiemateriaal en vuurmaakhout, wat andersins uit die boomveld en/of inheemse woude verkry moet word. Die boom voorsien ook in die houtbehoeftes van die industrie in die vorm van byvoorbeeld pale, pulp en ekstrak. Laastens volg ’n bespreking van die Werk-vir-Water-program. AbatractBlack wattle trees: blessing or curse to South Africa Much has been written about alien invasive plants, especially Acacia mearnsii De Wild, the black wattle tree and the damage done by these plants to the local ecology. In this article cognisance is taken of how the problem was created, the introduction into and the distribution of black wattle trees in the Republic of South Africa (South Africa). Problems experienced by the uncontrolled spreading of wattle trees forced the government to act, as there was no formal policy before 1936 on the importation, cultivation and control thereof. This led to intervention by government in the wattle industry to establish some form of control and to address the problems related to alien invasive plants in general, and the black wattle tree in particular. Furthermore, cognisance will be taken of the role the black wattle plays in sustainable development by considering the environmental/ecological problem of its impact on bio-diversity and the water sources as well as the advantages it has in the process of forest recovery. Secondly notice will be taken of the social advantages the tree has for the inhabitants of rural areas as a provider of building and construction material and firewood, which would otherwise come from the woodlands and/or indigenous forests. The tree also provides in the timber requirements of industry in the form of for instance poles, pulp and extract. Lastly, the article explores the Work-for-Water Programme.
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Baghirova, Irada. "Historical cataclysms of the second decade of the twentieth century and their influence on the development of scientific knowledge in Azerbaijan (1914-1917)." Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.2.
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The First World War, putting at risk the existence of many states, led to a controversial reaction from the scientific community. On the one hand, the war suspended many studies requiring a peaceful course of life and contradicted the very humanistic content of science, on the other hand, gave a powerful impetus to the development of many branches of chemistry, physics, agriculture etc. Scientists of all countries, including Germany and Russia, were called upon to actively participate not only in the implementation of military defense projects, but also in the creation of new technologies and weapons. At the same time, the war became the main reason for the break with the practice and ethical norms of scientific internationalism that existed in the 19th and early 20th centuries.During the First World War, it became clear that a new super-powerful weapon – oil had appeared. İn the war years, Azerbaijani oil was the only energy sourse in Russia, not counting firewood, since coal exports to Russia were stopped and Ukrainian coal mines were seized by the Germans. The First World War turned out to be a watershed in human history: for the first time, an internal combustion engine working on petroleum products was opposed to the muscular strength of horses and people — and they could not resist. The article highlights the development of science, especially the oil industry in Azerbaijan during the First World War and the two revolutions in Russia that followed in 1917. The role of the world famous scientists D.I. Mendeleev, I.M. Gubkin, D.I. Golubyatnikov, the Polish engineers P.Pototsky, V.Zglenitsky in the development of new technologies in the oil business, the construction of the first oil pipelines in Russia is shown.The article discusses the activities of the Baku Branch of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (BO IRTO), as well as features of its work during the war. In this society was carried out the work on the practical production of benzene and toluene from oil and coal in wartime. In addition, even before the war, the BO IRTO established the Emmanuel L. Nobel (the brother of Alfred Nobel) Prize,, whose main activity took place in Baku. The third brother Ludwig Nobel Prize was established in St. Petersburg and was awarded for outstanding achievements in the oil business. The article highlights the activities of the laureates of the Baku and St. Petersburg Nobel Prizes.
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Pandey, Neeraj, and Gaganpreet Singh. "Radiance: transaction level pricing in the Indian fireworks industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 3 (August 11, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2013-0156.
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Subject area Pricing, Marketing Management, Strategic Marketing. Study level/applicability The case can be used for pricing course besides Marketing Management and Strategic Management course to MBA students and/or for Management Development Programmes. Case overview ABC Fireworks Private Limited, located in Saharanpur, was into business of manufacturing fireworks under the brand name of Radiance. The owner Mr Sudhir Kapoor was satisfied with the present revenue growth and profit margin except that the cash flow was quite intermittent. The consumption pattern of Indian fireworks industry was highly skewed. Approximately 90 per cent of the entire year manufactured stock had retail market of just 5 days ahead of Diwali festival. To cater to this massive demand, the production was carried out for the whole year. Mr Kapoor was planning to restructure pricing policy so as to have regular cash flow throughout the year. To meet this objective, he was considering price promotion strategy as a preferred option which would enable his marketing team to offer specific discounts to stockists using time slab mechanism. The fireworks industry had four channel distribution processes. The product line was broadly divided into three categories, namely, sound, aerial shots and sparkles. The organization was not into manufacturing of aerial shots product category but was planning to make a foray into it. The case provides interesting insights into pricing dynamics prevalent in the Indian fireworks industry. It includes first-hand information about fireworks price, cost break-up and profit distribution among various members of the industry's value chain. Expected learning outcomes The case enables students to learn the concept and application of pricing, price-based promotion, discounts and price waterfall analysis in the firework industry. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Dixon, P. L., and N. K. Hillier. "Insect pests of wild cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, in Newfoundland and Labrador." Phytoprotection 83, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706237ar.
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Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has been commercially developed since the late 1990's in Newfoundland and Labrador. At that time, the insect fauna of the extensive stands of native, wild cranberry was not known, although these might provide a reservoir for pests to move to commercial sites. The occurrence and distribution of cranberry-feeding insects were assessed in wild stands to help cranberry growers prepare for the insect pests they might have to manage. Adults of the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii were recovered in pheromone traps and larvae found in berries. The fruitworm was common and widespread. Moths of the cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria were caught in pheromone traps, but larvae were not recovered from plant or soil samples. There was no evidence of the black-headed fireworm, Rhopobota naevana, the cranberry weevil, Anthonomus musculus, the red-headed flea beetle, Systena frontalis, or the cranberry tipworm, Dasineura oxycoccana, serious cranberry pests in other areas. However, larvae of the lingonberry fruitworm, Grapholita libertina, were found infesting cranberry at one site in 1998. Of the species found in this study, A. vaccinii probably represents the most serious threat to the industry.
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Widiansyah, Arindra Trisna, and Anita Budi Rahayu. "Pemberdayaan Peternak Melalui Pembuatan Biogas Sebagai Solusi Limbah Kotoran Ayam Ras Petelur." Dimas: Jurnal Pemikiran Agama untuk Pemberdayaan 19, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/dms.2019.192.5137.
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<p><span>The business of laying hens is a business sector that provides a very large role in meeting the needs of animal protein and various industrial needs. This role cannot be replaced by vegetable protein sources. According to partners besides having great opportunities and benefits, laying hens also have problems, one of which is chicken manure. Mr. Hakim has tried several ways to remove the odor, such as raising the foundation of the cage so that it is not submerged by rainwater, spreading lime powder, and spraying EM4 liquid directly into chicken manure. But apparently not effective at reducing odors. One of the technical recommendations is the making of Biogas as an alternative energy source producing fuel substitutes for LPG gas, firewood, lighting and organic fertilizer. The results of community service activities to date have been the availability of biogas as an alternative energy producer for the use of biogas stoves and petromax lamps, as well as increased partner knowledge about biogas.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span><span>Usaha sektor peternakan ayam ras petelur merupakan bidang usaha yang memberikan peranan sangat besar dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani dan berbagai keperluan industri. Peranan ini tidak dapat di gantikan oleh sumber protein nabati. Menurut mitra disamping memiliki peluang dan manfaat yang besar, peternakan ayam ras petelur juga memiliki permasalahan salah satunya yaitu kotoran ayam tersebut. Bapak Hakim sudah mencoba beberapa cara untuk menghilangkan bau tersebut seperti, meninggikan pondasi kandang agar tidak terendam air hujan, menebar serbuk kapur, serta menyemprot cairan EM4 langsung ke kotoran ayam. Namun ternyata belum efektif mengurangi bau. Salah satu rekomendasi teknis adalah pembuatan Biogas sebagai salah satu sumber energi alternatif penghasil bahan bakar pengganti gas LPG, kayu bakar, penerangan dan pupuk organik. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian sampai saat ini adalah tersedianya biogas sebagai penghasil energi alternatif untuk pemakaian kompor biogas dan lampu petromak, serta peningkatan pengetahuan mitra tentang biogas yang meningkat.</span></span></p>
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Rudolf, Rebeka, Urban Ferčec, and Mohammed Shariq. "Fireworks: How to Simulate the Manufacture and Operation in the Atmosphere with the Substitution of Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666180726143918.
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Background: This review provides a closer look at recent work in the field of fireworks manufacture, which could see the replacement of micron-sized particles with their nano-scaled counterparts. Moreover, we also discuss micron-sized particles as well as nanoparticles (NPs) from K, Fe, Al, Ti, Ba, etc., that are produced in the atmosphere as a result of these fireworks. One of the possible technological substitutes for fireworks is presented in detail, i.e., the use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technology. Method: We searched Google, Web of Science and PubMed for a literature survey of fireworks and their products: firecrackers, micron-sized and nanoparticles. Moreover, we used some of our own knowledge and experimental data to strengthen the possibility of simulating the synthesis of firework products on the laboratory scale. Results: The use of nano reactants and oxidisers has seen a substantial increase in the sound efficiency and a decrease in the amount of chemicals used, making fireworks more eco-friendly. The application of Al- and Ti-based nano flash powder in the size range from 35 nm to 50 μm resulted in a significant improvement in the ignition properties of the fireworks. Under changing aerodynamic conditions, it is difficult to collect them as samples for real-time monitoring, needed for their characterization or the testing of their harmfulness under laboratory conditions. As a result, NPs below 100 nm in the surroundings could be easily inhaled into the lungs and cause more pulmonary and respiratory problems than micron-sized particles. USP produces nanoparticles in the laboratory that could replace the conventional micron-sized firecracker raw materials, or nanoparticles that are similar to those formed by fireworks. It will also help to identify the physiochemical properties of the airborne particulates in order to understand and evaluate their impact. </P><P> This review could be valuable for a controlled economic synthesis through USP, and in the use of nanopowders in pyrotechnology that could reduce pollution to a great extent, thus contributing to the growth and good practise of the fireworks industry. With respect to the USP synthesis, we have also discussed in detail the physical (size, shape) and chemical (composition) characteristics of Al2O3 and TiO2 NPs from different precursors and their temperature ranges. An in-depth explanation for a comparative analysis for the formation mechanism of nanoparticles through both fireworks and USP is presented in the final section. We can produce nanoparticles in the laboratory with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis that have similar properties to those produced from fireworks and can then be used for further testing.
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YAMALIDOU, MARIA. "PETER HARMAN and SIMON MITTON (eds.), Cambridge Scientific Minds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. viii+343. ISBN 0-521-78612-6. £14.95 (paperback). DAVID MILLAR, IAN MILLAR, JOHN MILLAR and MARGARET MILLAR, The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+428. ISBN 0-521-00062-9. £14.95, $20.00 (paperback)." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708740421617x.
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Peter Harman and Simon Mitton (eds.), Cambridge Scientific Minds and David Millar, Ian Millar, John Millar and Margaret Millar, The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists. By Maria Yamalidou 466Maria Michela Sassi, The Science of Man in Ancient Greece. By Laurence M. V. Totelin 467H. L. L. Busard, Johannes de Tinemue's Redaction of Euclid's Elements, the So-called Adelard III Version. Volume I: Introduction, Sigla and Descriptions of the Manuscripts, Editorial Remarks, Euclides, Elementa. Volume II: Conspectus Siglorum, Apparatus Criticus, Addenda. By Jackie Stedall 468Gerhard W. Kramer, The Firework Book: Gunpowder in Medieval Germany. By Simon Werrett 469Robert Crocker (ed.), Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe. By Scott Mandelbrote 470Rienk Vermij, The Calvinist Copernicans: The Reception of the New Astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575–1750. By Owen Gingerich 471Rina Knoeff, Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738): Calvinist Chemist and Physician. By Georgette Ironside 472J. Christiaan Boudri, What was Mechanical about Mechanics: The Concept of Force between Metaphysics and Mechanics from Newton to Lagrange. By Niccolò Guicciardini 473Ken Alder, The Measure of All Things: The Seven-Year Odyssey that Transformed the World. By Graeme Gooday 474Berit Pedersen (ed.), A Guide to the Archives of the Royal Entomological Society. By J. F. M. Clark 476Richard Yeo, Science in the Public Sphere: Natural Knowledge in British Culture 1800–1860. By Leigh D. Bregman 477Louise Purbrick (ed.), The Great Exhibition of 1851: New Interdisciplinary Essays. By Nick Fisher 478Hermione Hobhouse, The Crystal Palace and the Great Exhibition: Art, Science and Productive Industry. A History of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. By Sophie Forgan 479Michael Worboys, Spreading Germs: Disease Theories and Medical Practice in Britain, 1865–1900. By Kenneth F. Kiple 480Greta Jones, ‘Captain of All these Men of Death’: The History of Tuberculosis in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Ireland. By Juliana Adelman 481Christopher Herbert, Victorian Relativity: Radical Thought and Scientific Discovery. By Hazel Hutchison 482Paul Ziche (ed.), Monismus um 1900: Wissenschaftskultur und Weltanschauung. By Peter Zigman 484Maggie Mort, Building the Trident Network: A Study of the Enrollment of People, Knowledge, and Machines. By Sean Johnston 485A. M. Moulin and A. Cambrosio (eds.), Singular Selves: Historical Issues and Contemporary Debates in Immunology/Dialogues entre soi: Questions historiques et débats contemporains en immunologie. By Pauline M. H. Mazumdar 486Ioan James, Remarkable Mathematicians: From Euler to von Neutmann. By Claire Jones 487Joseph W. Dauben and Christoph J. Scriba (eds.), Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development. By Adrian Rice 488Jill Ker Conway, Kenneth Keniston and Leo Marx (eds.), Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment. By Leigh Clayton 490Steven Weinberg, Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries. By Steven French 491
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Ngatindriatun, Ngatindriatun, and Hertiana Ikasari. "Effisiensi Produksi Industri Skala Kecil Batik Semarang: Pendekatan Fungsi Produksi Frontier Stokastik." Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v4i1.2410.
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Batik is known since 17th century. In 2009, UNESCO took batik as the world heritage. Likewise, Batik Semarang. Batik Semarang is unpopular than other batik’s products on Central Java. Their productivity is on small scale and only for environment surroundings. The small productivity causes the high price on their product selling. The aims of this research are to estimate the function of production and technical efficiency of batik Semarang. Sample is 67 owners of small scale batik Semarang industry. Analysis instrument is Stochastic Frontier Production Function. The measuring of production efficiency are material, support material, labor force, instruments, kerosene, firewood, and large of trade location. The result shows that free variable is found significant and have an appropriate signal. Other result shows that technical efficiency of batik Semarang industry is 88, 9%
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Widodo, Lestario. "APPLICATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES IN TAFU INDUSTRY CENTRE IN KALISARI AND CIKEMBULAN VILLAGE, BANYUMAS DISTRICT, PURWOKERTO." Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan 7, no. 2 (April 4, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jrl.v7i2.1956.
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Cikembulan and Kalisari village, in Banyumas district of Central Java, has grown into TOFU industrial center. The population of tofu industrial is about 600 industry, spread across two villages. Livelihoods of local people are farmers and traders to support the industrial activities of tofu, soy such as providing raw material to provide firewood for cooking, and providing simple tools, etc.. In the process of production, tofu waste industry, one of which liquid waste is usually dumped directly into rivers or drains around the house, so the environment becomes polluted. The purpose of this activity is to provide cleaner production training and technical assistance in the process of cooking. The results showed that with improved stoves and furnaces, the fuel consumption of 42.5% save, or save Rp 31 453,-per period of the process, the length of cooking know that 50% faster. Break Even Point (BEP) The value of the dimension of time is 191 days, and the improvement of environmental conditions.keywords : cleaner production, tofu waste industry
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Brandeis, Consuelo, and Karen Lee Abt. "Roundwood Use by Southern Wood Pellet Mills: Findings from Timber Product Output Mill Surveys." Journal of Forestry, August 28, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz042.
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Abstract Between 2012 and 2017, southern wood pellet exports grew by approximately 180 percent, whereas the regions’ wood pellet mill capacity increased from 3.8 to 7.7 million tons over the same period. This capacity and production growth generates concerns regarding impacts on resource sustainability and to traditional forest industries that use feedstocks similar to those used by pellet mills. Information on wood pellet producers’ patterns and levels of roundwood consumption can help evaluate the potential impacts of the industry on the forest resource. We use mill-level data collected by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis program to help characterize activity by southern wood pellet mills that consume roundwood. Our analysis shows that the volume of roundwood used for pellet production has increased, representing close to 2 percent of all southern timber products output and 27 percent of all industrial fuelwood output (excluding firewood) during 2015.
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Bandara, W. A. R. T. W., and K. M. E. Udadini. "Community and Industry Attitude Towardsusing Invasive Prosopisjulifloraas a Dry Matter Energy Sourcefor Small Scale Industries: A Case Study in Hambantota, Sri Lanka." Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v8i1.3484.
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Bundala is Sri Lanka’s first RAMSAR wetland declared under Ramsar Convention, and it has been declared as a national park in 1993 under Fauna and Flora Protection ordinance.At present, wide spread of P.juliflora in the Bundala National Park area has become a threat to diverse ecosystems, and the park management is removing substantial biomass of P. juliflora each year in an attempt to control this invasive species. As such, investigating the potential to utilize the removed biomass of P.juliflora has become important. This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating community and industry attitude and awareness of using P.juliflora as a dry matter energy source in Hambantota District. Two different questionnaires were used for two groups after pre testing in Ambalantota, Hambantota and Tissamaharama Divisional Secretariat Divisions. According to study findings, subsistence energy needs of community are basically fulfilled by common fuel wood species in the area such as Manilkarahexandra and Drypetessepiara. Community in the area is aware about the fast spread of P. juliflora over native species. Approximately 45% of study respondents represent brick industry and they often use rice husk ovens due to lack of firewood to be found in the area and the high availability of rice husk. Since industry and community prefer P.juliflora as a fuel, responsible agencies should make appropriate arrangements to harvest, process and make available the biomass to partially fulfill the thermal energy requirement in the area.Key words: Prosopisjuliflora, small scale industries, Bundala National Park, dry matter energy source
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Areias, Adriana Aparecida, José César Cruz Júnior, Luiz Carlos de Faria, and Fábio Minoru Yamaji. "A logistical and economical approach to coordinating a biomass supply chain, including energy characteristics." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 8 (July 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6050.
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The use of biomass energy is increasingly widespread among industries. There is a growing demand for the purchase of biomass aiming at the generation of thermal and electric energy, as in the case of the sugar and energy sectors, pulp and paper and wood panels. The aim of this article is to analyze a biomass supply chain considering the offer, distance and energy characteristics of biomass. The demand for biofuel is from a panel industry located in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. The final cost was calculated based on price quotes, freights and energy properties of each biomass. The biomasses chosen for analysis were: sawdust, wood chips, briquettes, firewood, standing eucalyptus forest (log) and rice husks. It was found that the largest supply of biomass at the lowest cost is in the distances between 50 km and 250 km. The best materials were wood chips and eucalyptus log. Freight was not a determining factor in the final cost of biomass, even for the longest distances. It was concluded that the chip and the log had advantages for different distances.
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B. Sia-ed, Arel. "Inventory and Resource Mapping of Fiber Yielding Plants in Mountain Province." International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), April 30, 2019, 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v2i2p108.
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Fiber crops are industrial field crops grown for their fibers which are valuable in the manufacture of paper, cloth, rope and textile products. In the Philippines, the major fiber crops as identified by the Fiber Industry Development Authority (FIDA) include abaca, silk and pina. In Mountain Province, the villagers use the fibers from indigenous crops in the hinterland in tying animals, bundling firewood and palay, and as clotheslines. The study was conducted to catalogue the fiber yielding plants in Mountain Province and to identify the specific areas where this grow. Descriptive research design using inventory, survey and mapping was utilized in the study. Preliminary consultation with the Municipal Agricultural Offices was conducted and validation was coordinated with the DENR-ERDS in Loacan, Baguio City Philippines. Findings show that there are eighteen fiber yielding plants in the province. Fibers may occur in almost any part of a plant: stems, leaves, fruits, seeds, or roots and are classified as trees, herbs, shrubs, and ferns. Majority of the fiber yielding plants are found in Western Mountain Province and they thrive in forests and mountains. Moreover, there are eleven families of the fiber yielding plants, majority of which belong to the family moraceae. These fiber yielding plants are recommended to be grown and propagated in the different municipalities of Mountain Province. Lastly, training on management of the fiber yielding plants should be conducted to add knowledge and ensure greater yield and quality produce.
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Faria, Douglas Lamounier, Tony Matheus Carvalho Eugênio, Daiane Erika Lopes, Thiago de Paula Protásio, Lourival Marin Mendes, and José Benedito Guimarães Junior. "Particleboards produced with different proportions of Hevea brasiliensis: Residual wood valorization in higher value added products." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 45 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145021420.
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ABSTRACT The use of the Hevea brasiliensis tree in latex rubber production has resulted in a consolidated role of this tree in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the productive cycle of the tree that lasts for approximately 25 years, the timber resulting from this venture has no added value and is usually used for the production of firewood. In order to introduce this species into the furniture and civil construction industry, the current study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboard produced by adding Pinus oocarpa wood with Hevea brasiliensis wood in different ratios. The particleboards were produced with a nominal density of 0.60 g/cm³ and 8% (wt%) urea-formaldehyde resin and pressed at 160 °C for 8 min at a pressure of 4.0 MPa. The quality of the particleboard was evaluated by water absorption and thickness swelling, internal bonding, static bending, and screw withdrawal tests. The substitution of Pinus particles by Hevea wood resulted in decreased water absorption and thickness swelling. The boards produced with a higher proportion of Hevea had better dimensional stability due to the greater porosity of the Pinus oocarpa particles. The inclusion of Hevea brasiliensis wood resulted in a 75% increase in the modulus of rupture and a 300% increase in internal bonding compared with the particleboards produced only with Pinus oocarpa wood. The results show that Hevea brasiliensis wood could be used to obtain higher value-added products and contribute to the diversification of the raw materials used in the particleboard industries of Brazil.
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Ogoc, Myrna Nicol. "Socio-Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism in Birilarosa Protected Landscape and Seascape (BLPLS)." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, June 24, 2021, 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2021/v15i330229.
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Ecotourism is a melting pot of cultures and people. It is said that national and local pride can be created through the cultural appreciation of ecotourists, and local knowledge and the standard of living can be enhanced. The folklore or story about “Berbenota” the enchanted lady of Rock Formations have resulted to the protection and conservation who is believed to be the protector of the area. These activities provide special opportunities to understand the history and traditions of the community and to witness their cultural practices and daily living, including traditional rituals, rites and dances. For the positive side of ecotourism, it can generate environmental rehabilitation and natural or local tourism development by promoting environmental protection and the improvement of a specific tourist destination. The greatest contribution of ecotourism is the protection of biodiversity and a sustainable development plan is necessary. In terms of the negative side, when ecotourism is improperly managed, environmental degradation follows. These invasions often include deforestation, disruption of ecological lifestyle systems and various styles of pollutants, all of which make a contribution to environmental degradation. It is important to note that majority of the respondents were farmers which at the same time fishermen. It is also interesting that many of the employed people were also patronizing the local tourist’s destination. It seems that common people were benefitted so much of the booming local ecotourism industry in the BLPLS areas as represented by the various stakeholders and key players in the tourism industry. At least One hundred respondents were interviewed using the systematic sampling approach. The results indicate that both the mainland and island communities benefits ecotourism in various ways but not to their level of satisfaction. Members of the community are allowed access to resources such as fish, food crops, firewood and water. Additionally, a range of job opportunities includes tour guiding; rendering service mobility vehicles for the tourists, and accommodations. Another key tourism related benefits include interaction with the tourists, sale of local crafts, fish processing, food vending and opportunities to profile cultural activities. However, there remains the need to improve beneficiation given the high poverty and unemployment rates in the locality.
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Martins, Thales Guilherme Vaz, Geraldo Gonçalves dos Reis, Maria das Graças Ferreira Reis, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Lucas Arthur de Almeida Telles, Gleidson Guilherme Caldas Mendes, Mayara Ribeiro Lage, et al. "UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE BRAZILIAN MARKET FOR NATIVE FOREST WOOD: A CASE STUDY FOR MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL." Revista Árvore 45 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000018.
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ABSTRACT Understanding the Brazilian market for native wood helps forest managers and can guide conservation policies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of supply and demand of the Brazilian native wood for four products namely, charcoal, roundwood, firewood, and sawn wood. We used the consumed wood volume from 2006 to 2016 in Minas Gerais (MG) tracking its supplier in Brazil accounting for 31 million cubic meters. These data were used as input for calculating mean centers and performing grouping analysis. The wood supply centers for the energy sector in Brazil have moved from Cerrado to the Caatinga biome. This change is consistent with historical patterns of agricultural expansion in Brazil. The largest mesoregions producing wood were: East of Mato Grosso do Sul State, South of Goiás State, and Center-South of Bahia State. The solid wood supply centers have moved from the North to Midwest regions but remained within the Amazon biome for almost all the years. This pattern is likely a consequence of timber regulation practices in the Amazon. The mesoregions: Madeira-Guaporé and East of Rondônia State, Southeast and Northeast of Pará State, and North of Mato Grosso State were the most important suppliers of solid wood to MG. Wood consumption for energy is centered in the Center and North regions of MG State, especially in Sete Lagoas, a hub of pig iron and cement industries. Solid wood products are dispersed in MG State, being Belo Horizonte, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Ubá, and Uberlândia the distribution centers of native wood for the furniture industry within MG. The spatial statistics helped to exploit the activity of the native wood market in Brazil and provides essential information for decision-makers that was not previously available.
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Wendiro, Deborah, Alex Paul Wacoo, and Graham Wise. "Identifying indigenous practices for cultivation of wild saprophytic mushrooms: responding to the need for sustainable utilization of natural resources." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 15, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-019-0342-z.
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Abstract Background Due to increasing pressure on natural resources, subsistence agriculture communities in Uganda and Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing increasingly restricted access to diminishing natural resources that are a critical requirement of their livelihoods. Previously, common-pool resources like forests and grasslands have been either gazetted for conservation or leased for agriculture, the latter in particular for large-scale sugarcane production. Satisfying the increasing consumer demand for grassland or forestry products like wild mushrooms as food or medicine, requires innovative ethno-biological and industry development strategies to improve production capacity, while easing the pressure on diminishing natural resources and averting ecosystems degradation. Methods This case study addresses traditional knowledge systems for artisanal mycoculture to identify cultivation practices that enhance sustainable utilization of natural resources. Multi-scalar stakeholder engagement across government and community sectors identified artisanal mushroom producers across five districts in Uganda. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews characterized artisanal production methods and identified locally used substrates for cultivation of different mushroom species. Results Artisanal practices were characterized for the cultivation of six wild saprophytic mushroom species including Volvariella speciosa (akasukusuku), two Termitomyces sp. (obunegyere and another locally unnamed species), Agaricus sp. (ensyabire) and Agrocybe sp. (emponzira), and one exotic Pleurotus sp. (oyster) that are used as food or medicine. The substrates used for each species differed according to the mushroom’s mode of decomposition, those being the following: tertiary decomposers such as those growing under rotting tree stumps or logs from forestry activity like the Agrocybe sp. known as emponzira which grows in forests, thickets, or near homesteads where big logs of hardwood have been left to rot. Also pieces of firewood are chipped off whenever need arises thus providing fuel; secondary decomposers growing on naturally composted grass associated with termites like the Termitomyces sp. known as obunegyere growing in protected sites in gardens, composted cattle manure for Agaricus sp. known as ensyabire in the kraal area where cattle manure is plenty, composted maize cobs for a locally unnamed Agaricus sp. on heaped cobs placed near homesteads; and primary decomposers growing on waste sorghum from brewing the traditional alcoholic drink, muramba for Pleurotus sp. (oyster), and banana and spear grass residue from banana juice processing like the Volvariella speciosa known as akasukusuku because it is associated with the banana plantation locally known in the Luganda language as olusuku and is usually heaped under ficus trees. Management practices also varied based on mode of decomposition and other ecological requirements such as the following: zero tillage and minimal disturbance in areas where obunegyere grow, heaping banana and spear grass residues under the cool ficus trees which also keep them away from banana stump that may cause infestation with nematodes and insects. Even within the generic practices accessibility by the users is critical for example placing logs near homes where children can use them to play, they can be used as fire wood and to even get off-season mushroom as household waste water can make the mushrooms grow. Conclusions Our description of artisanal mycoculture methods that respond to conservation and utilization pressures, demonstrates the value of addressing traditional knowledge to improve ethno-biology and mycoculture industry practice. Traditional communities engage in multiple technological and organizational innovations and practices for sustainability and in the case of mushroom production to conserve the environment and culture, ensure variety, food and nutrition security, and income. The results of this study present opportunities to preserve ecosystem quality while developing an artisanal mycoculture system. They have also identified aspects of artisanal mycoculture that most urgently require further ethno-biological study and industry development. Future research and industry development can utilize the result of this study to boost artisanal production of wild saprophytic mushrooms in Sub-Saharan countries, for food or medicinal consumption, and environment conservation. Further development of production efficiencies in context with sustainable natural resource management is recommended.
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"Health Afflictions and Quality of Work Life among Women Working In Fireworks Industry." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 6S3 (November 22, 2019): 1723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1323.0986s319.
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All festivities see colors in the form of fireworks. Most of the firework goods that India put away are factory-made from Sivakasi, a city in Virudhunagar District in the state of Tamil Nadu. The Industrialized procedure in the Firework industries includeslabor-intensivemanagement of many chemicals. Therefore firework industries are identified to be highly dangerous. The purpose of this research is to review the health afflictions and quality of work life for firework working women. As per the respondents views the current study focuses on health afflictions and quality of work life of women workers working in fireworks. The paper tries to asses about the health affiliations and quality of work life of working women in fire work industries. The required primary data is collected from Anaiyur village which is located in Sivakasi.In that village nearly 382 women’s were working in a particular fire workindustry.
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"Preventive Path to Control Fire Accident in Firework Industry using Iot." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c5238.029320.
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The Surveillance and the ongoing examination on Fire work mishaps are just arrangements with the manual preventions, mindfulness and how to keep away from the mishaps during the assembling procedure of wellbeing matches and fireworks. Dangerous mishaps happen frequently, resulting in overwhelming misfortunes of human lives and wounds to laborers. The fundamental driver of Fire mishaps is from Gun Powder. In this Gunpowder not just explosives at the time of higher temperature which additionally obliterated the whole things underneath the referenced temperature. The preventive measure on this surveillance bargains and suggested that the temperature, smoke caution sensor is bolstered to the laborers keep away from heavier harms. The proposed work enhances the preventive system through, advanced IoT based sensors which is deployed on the field to monitor and prevent the real time mishaps. The framework clearly identifies the Automated Chemical Manager (ACM) to balance chemical control activities and threshold limits to avoid the possibility of accidents in the firework industries. The timely alarm through this smart preventive system will avoid the loss of human life and frequent accidents in the firework industry.