Relevant bibliographies by topics / Firewood

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Firewood'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Firewood"

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Henderson. "Firewood." Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 19, no. 2 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.19.2.0123.

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Feinstein, Sandy. "Firewood." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 23, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isv064.

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Kärhä, K., and A. Jouhiaho. "Producing chopped firewood with firewood processors." Biomass and Bioenergy 33, no. 9 (September 2009): 1300–1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.019.

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Jacobi, W. R., B. A. Goodrich, and C. M. Cleaver. "Firewood Transport by National and State Park Campers: A Risk for Native or Exotic Tree Pest Movement." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.017.

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Untreated firewood has the potential to harbor insects or pathogens lethal to trees in urban and natural forest ecosystems. Campers at 15 campgrounds in seven Colorado, U.S., State Parks and 30 campgrounds in 13 National Parks in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming were surveyed in 2007-09 to determine camper home states, firewood presence, firewood state origins and risks of firewood harboring pests. Sixty-six percent of Colorado State Park campers had firewood but only 4% had firewood brought from out-of-state origins. Sixty percent of National Park campers had firewood and 39% had firewood from out of state, equating to 329,919 campers potentially bringing out-of-state firewood in one year to surveyed parks. Forty-one percent of out-of-state firewood was brought by campers from nonneighboring states, indicating long distance transport of firewood occurs. Of all firewood present in National Parks, 32% was purchased inside the park, 25% was purchased outside the park and 17% was from camper residences. Fifty-three percent of firewood had evidence of previous insect presence and 39% had fungal infestation. Camper movement of untreated firewood has the potential to be a high risk pathway for distribution of live tree pests throughout North America, and educational and mitigation actions should be implemented.
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Howard, Ben. "Firewood and Ashes." Sewanee Review 120, no. 1 (2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2012.0005.

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Lynser, Marvellous B., Ksanbok Makdoh, and Batriti Nongbri. "Firewood consumption and extraction from community forests in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya: Its impact on woody species diversity and population structure." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.084.

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Firewood serves as the principal source of energy for cooking and heating, for many rural communities, but the impact of firewood extraction on the forest is often undermined. The present study was undertaken to assess the firewood consumption pattern by households living near community forests of East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya and the impact of such activity on species diversity and population structure on such forests. Data on firewood consumption and preferred firewood species, and impacts of firewood harvesting on species diversity and population structure were collected through household surveys and phytosociological studies respectively. The surveyed households showed high dependency on firewood and the consumption pattern varies with the family size. The preferred firewood species are those of hardwood trees such as Quercus spp., Lithocarpus spp., Castanopsis spp. and Myrica spp. Firewood extraction have negative impact on forests, resulting in decrease in species diversity and population of the preferred firewood species. Statistical analysis revealed that species richness and diversity and density differ significantly in protected and unprotected forests. Despite low per capita consumption of firewood and precautionary measures like regulated harvesting in the study area, firewood harvesting cannot be ignored as an important cause of forest degradation and biodiversity loss. More research into local ecological and cultural contexts and perceptions concerning costs and benefits can help devise sustainable management options, including alternative sources of fuel.
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Haack, Robert A., and Toby R. Petrice. "Public transport of firewood across the Mackinac Bridge in Michigan, United States of America: origin, destination, woody taxa, and reasons for transporting firewood." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (June 29, 2021): 586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.27.

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AbstractTransporting firewood can spread plant pests such as the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which was discovered in Lower Michigan, United States of America in 2002. In 2005, Michigan banned the transport of hardwood firewood northwards across the Mackinac Bridge, which connects Lower and Upper Michigan. In 2005–2011, 479 drivers of 11 commercial vehicles and 468 private vehicles were interviewed. Firewood was collected in every month of the year, with most firewood collected in June–September. Of the 468 private vehicles surveyed, 400 carried firewood originating from Michigan, 64 carried it from 19 other American states, and four carried it from three Canadian provinces. Most vehicles (93%) were bound for Upper Michigan, 4% were bound for eight other American states, and 3% were bound for four Canadian provinces. Drivers transported 1–275 pieces of firewood, with 33% of drivers having 1–10 pieces and 87% having up to 50 pieces. Surrendered firewood represented 19 tree genera – 18 hardwood genera and one conifer. Of 59 vehicles carrying ash (Fraxinus) firewood, 15 had firewood with A. planipennis signs. Firewood was transported mainly for camping (76%), for weight (15%), and to be used at cottages (5%).
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Syaufina, Lailan, and Eduardo Fernando Martins De Carvalho. "Persepsi dan Aktivitas Masyarakat dalam Penggunaan Kayu Bakar di Kota Dili, Timor Leste." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.1.1-10.

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Firewood as traditional energy source are used by community in rural area. Firewood problems need serious attention and it is necessary to do the research about firewood. because 80% of the rural area in Timor Leste still using firewood as an energy sources. This research was conducted in May-June 2014 at Becora village, Lahane Oriental village, and Comoro village as targetted villages. The objectives of the study were to identify prespectives of community of Dili city on firewood consumption and activities of community in Dili city using firewood as priority energy. This study were using interview method and questionaire’s filling to respondents on the three targetted villages. Results of this study showed that community at Becora village, Lahane Oriental village, and Comoro village use firewood as an energy sources priority for household consumption. Firewood which utilizes by community were taken from natural forests in Timor Leste, and the precentage of common used species Ampupu woods 80%, Asam woods 5%, Kesambi woods 5%, Bakau woods 5%, and Lamtoro woods 5%. Key words : traditional knowledge, firewood, household, Dili City, precautionary attitude
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Pérez, Guadalupe, Jorge M. Islas-Samperio, Genice K. Grande-Acosta, and Fabio Manzini. "Socioeconomic and Environmental Aspects of Traditional Firewood for Cooking on the Example of Rural and Peri-Urban Mexican Households." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134904.

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Firewood is a solid biofuel that is widely used for cooking in Mexico’s residential sector. This study seeks to identify relevant factors in firewood consumption patterns, and their implications for climate change, gender, and health, and for energy poverty in Mexico, by climate region and socioeconomic level. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was conducted of recently published official information. We estimate that a total of 31.3 million Mexicans—26% of the total population—use firewood, and we have identified three main types of users: (i) exclusive firewood users (30%); (ii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their primary fuel (18%) and (iii) mixed firewood users using firewood as their secondary fuel source (52%). Total consumption of firewood was estimated at 116.6 PJ, while estimated greenhouse gas emissions were 8.1 million tCO2e. Out of all the households studied, 53% were in the tropical climate region; 59% were categorized as being in the “low” socioeconomic level; and 75% were in population centers comprising fewer than 2500 inhabitants. Some 68% of households do not pay for the acquisition of firewood, and for those households that do pay for the resource, estimated transactions total USD 286.9 million. Expenditures on firewood for energy represent up to 10% of household income. Finally, it was estimated that 15.7 million direct users of firewood are women who use the resource in three-stone fires, in which they expose themselves to health risks in doing so. In conclusion, main universal findings, the study’s limitations, and future research are presented.
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Tika Ram, Pokharel, and Rijal Hom Bahadur. "Hourly Firewood Consumption Patterns and CO2 Emission Patterns in Rural Households of Nepal." Designs 4, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4040046.

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Nepal has low per-capita energy use and a majority of its rural residents use firewood as their primary energy source. Excessive use of firewood in improperly ventilated buildings degrades the indoor environment and health condition of the inhabitants. This study aims to assess the influence of hourly firewood consumption patterns on CO2 emissions and resulting concentrations in rural households in Nepal. A field survey was conducted for 24 h in 16 households during winter. The results suggest that most of the households tend to use more firewood during the morning and evening hours. Family size and number of animals reared by the households were positively correlated with firewood consumption, whereas family size was negatively correlated with per-capita firewood consumption. Per-capita firewood consumption was found to be 1.8 kg/(capita·day). Household firewood consumption and CO2 emissions were 12 kg/(family·day) and 14.26 kg CO2 e/(household·day), respectively. The larger households spent more time for cooking, while their consumption rate was similar (1.3 kg/h) to that of smaller households. High indoor CO2 emissions in the morning and evening hours due to high firewood consumption may pose severe health risks to the inhabitants. Therefore, intensive awareness programs and pollution control programs are suggested for improving indoor air quality and health condition of the rural population.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Firewood"

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Blomgren, Aubree Sky. "Bodies and Other Firewood." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177180/.

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The chakra system consists of seven energetic vortexes ascending up the spine that connect to every aspect of human existence. These vortexes become blocked and unblocked through the course of a life, these openings and closings have physiological and mental repercussions. Knowledge of these physical and mental manifestations, indicate where the chakra practitioner is in need, the practitioner can then manipulate their mind and body to create a desired outcome. These manipulations are based upon physical exercises and associative meditations for the purpose of expanding the human experience. As a poem can be thought of as the articulation of the human experience, and the chakra system can be thought of as a means to understand and enhance that experience, it is interesting and worthwhile leap to explore the how the chakras can develop and refresh the way we read and write poetry. This critical preface closely reads seven poems, one through each chakra, finding what the chakras unveil. Here, each chakra is considered for its dynamic creative capabilities and for its beneficial potentiality in the reading and writing process, finding each chakra provides tools: idea generators with the potential to free the poet from usual patterns of creativity while broadening vision and expressivity. In this collection of poetry poems are experiences chopped into consumable units that show and tell the constant negotiation between what is actually happening and the stories we tell ourselves about what is happening.
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Attar, Annosh, and Mathias Bodner. "Designing and Applying a Firewood Service." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128556.

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The conservation of energy is a key part of sustainable development. Household energy consumption is higher than ever before. Through intense research and user testing, we (the authors of this project, Annosh Attar and Mathias Bodner) have developed a web-based service that allows people to share information regarding their availability of wood resources. This creates an opportunity for people with an overflow of wood to dispose of it, while others who lack wood can increase their resources (a mutual benefit for both parties). The service also provides the users with information on how to properly and efficiently burn wood.
Att kunna spara energi är en viktig del inom hållbar utveckling. Idag så är energiförbrukningen från hushållen högre än någonsin tidigare. Med hjälp av intensiv forskning så har vi (författarna av detta projekt, Annosh Attar och Mathias Bodner) utvecklat en webbaserad tjänst som tillåter människor att dela med sig av sina vedresurser. Detta skapar en möjlighet för personer med ett överflöd av ved att göra sig av med det, medan andra som behöver ved kan hitta det. Den som använder av webtjänsten får också information om hur man korrekt och effektivt ska elda ved.
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DeGomez, Tom, and Beverly Loomis. "Firewood and Bark Beetles in the Southwest." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146723.

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2 pp.
Pine Bark Beetles, Cypress Bark Beetles
Life cycle of the bark beetles and how to detect in firewood. Source of firewood is important. Dry wood is a poor host for bark beetles. Most bark beetles are host specific. Insecticides should not be applied to firewood to prevent bark beetle infestation.
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DeGomez, Tom, and Beverly Loomis. "Firewood and Bark Beetles in the Southwest." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239575.

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Tsuchiya, Akio, and Mario Hiraoka. "Forest disappearance by firewood consumption in the Amazon estuary." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119290.

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Deforestation of flooded (várzea) and non-flooded (terra firme) forests caused by firewood consumption at tile factories (olaria) was investigated in Abaetetuba Island at the Amazon estuary. Várzea is spatially limited, the area is only 3% of the whole Amazon, however, it is heavily influenced by human activities, especially by the cultivation of acaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). The trees are cut down for the olarias. The number of tree species are small, and they have less wood density than terra firme tree species because the várzea is flooded twice a day throughout the year. Terra firme forests, which are also secondary forests, receive less human impact, and have more tree species and more individual trees with a growth extension that exceeds the species in the várzea forests. The deforestation was examined by comparing forest biomass in a unit area to firewood consumption at olarias. The annual area of deforestation was estimated by using the combination of tree species in the firewood and human impact in the várzea forests. Then the estimation was extended to the whole island, assuming that the forests were rotatively cleared every 25 to 30 years. The results indicated that the area of deforestation was 6,870ha/25 years to 8,337ha/30 years, and that it was smaller than the island. However, logging is not only for fuel at olarias. If Belém's economic influence becomes stronger, and electric energy is not diffused throughout the island, the lumber consumption will accelerate and the increase might make the forest disappear faster than estimated.
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Raliselo, 'Muso Andreas. "Camelthorn (Acacia erioloba) firewood industry in Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53318.

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Thesis (MFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The reliance of firewood demand on indigenous trees such as Acacia erioloba is a continuing phenomena despite the concern that over-exploitation of these resources will degrade the environment. This study tested the hypothesis that the cutting of A. erioloba in the Northern Cape is driven by (a) market demand in the Western Cape, (b) ignorance of the long-term ecological consequences and/or (c) ignorance of legislation along the chain of custody of this product. The assumption is that whoever is involved in the A. erioloba firewood industry (resource owner, trader or user) is neither aware of the protected status of the resource nor the negative consequences associated with the over-exploitation of the resource or they are driven by short term monetary gains. Therefore, there is a need to understand the needs of every participant in the chain and to further find out if there may be substitutes for A. erioloba firewood. The results of this study show that there is a market for firewood in the study area and that this demand is driven mainly by the availability rather than the quality of firewood. It will also be shown that Acacia mearnsii which is available in the study area is a better product than A. erioloba and therefore it can be a suitable replacement but consumers were found to bum almost everything that would give them embers. The most preferred firewood in the study area is A. cyclops. The concept of indigenous trees is not clearly understood by retailers and consumers. The major role players in the supply chain were found to be the retailers and the transport owners who may be targeted when firewood trade is to be stopped in the short-term. The results further highlighted the fact that the majority of consumers were aware that indigenous trees were protected in South Africa but the majority of retailers were not aware. The study recommends that firewood trade should be stopped completely by strict enforcement of the law or by the involvement of every role-player and/or that the trade should be regulated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fenomeen dat die aanvraag vir vuurmaakhout staatmaak op inheemse bome soos Acacia erioloba duur steeds voort ten spyte van die kommer dat oorbenutting van hierdie hulpbronne, ter versadiging van die behoeftes van 'n steeds toenemende populasie, die omgewing sal degradeer. Hierdie studie het die hipotese getoets dat die afsny van A. erioloba in die Noord- Kaap aangedryf word deur (a) die mark aanvraag in die Wes-Kaap, (b) onkunde oor die langtermyn ekologiese gevolge en/of (c) onkunde oor die wetgewing van hierdie produk by die skakels in die verskaffersketting. Die aanname is dat wie ook al betrokke is by die A. erioloba vuurmaakhout-industrie (hulpbron eienaar, handelaar of gebruiker) is beide onbewus van die beskermde status van die hulpbron asook van die negatiewe gevolge geassosieer met die oorbenutting van die hulpbron of hulle is aangedryf deur korttermyn monetêre gewin. Daarom is dit nodig om die behoefte van elke deelnemer in die ketting te verstaan en om verder uit te vind of daar plaasvervangers vir A. erioloba vuurmaakhout is. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat daar 'n aanvraag is vir vuurmaakhout in die studie-area en dat hierdie aanvraag hoofsaaklik gedryf word deur die beskikbaarheid, eerder as die kwaliteit van die hout. Daar salook aangetoon word dat Acacia mearnsii, wat in die studie-area beskikbaar is, 'n beter produk is as A. erioloba en dus 'n geskikte plaasvervanger kan wees, maar dit wil voorkom of die verbruikers omtrent enigiets sal brand wat kole sal verskaf. A. cyclops is die vuurmaakhout van voorkeur in die studie-area. Handelaars en verbruikers verstaan nie die konsep van inheemse bome duidelik nie. Die vernaamste rolspelers in die verskaffersketting is die handelaars en die eienaars van die vervoer en hulle kan die teikengroep wees as die handel in vuurmaakhout in die korttermyn stopgesit word. Die resultate het verder na vore gebring dat die meerderheid verbruikers daarvan bewus is dat inheemse bome beskermd is in Suid-Afrika, maar die meerderheid handelaars is nie hiervan bewus me. Hierdie studie maak die aanbeveling dat handel in vuurmaakhout totaal gestaak moet word deur strenger wette of deur die betrokkenheid van elke rolspeler en/of dat handel gereguleer moet word.
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Treweek, Allison, and n/a. "Wood, money and habitat to burn: environmental issues and the role of the educator." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.114839.

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Markowski, Joseph D. "Carry water, lug firewood: Dōgen's dialectical standpoint on "dropping off body and mind"." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83125.

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This paper examines Zen Master Dogen's philosophy of shinjin datsuraku, dropping off body and mind, through his dialectical standpoint on sunyata. In our efforts, we shall learn of the philosophical affinities Dogen shares with early Mahayana thinkers, particularly Nagarjuna and his philosophy of emptiness. A demonstration of this connection will in turn open up a new conceptual window for viewing and interpreting various themes and passages within Dogen's writings. Some ideas we will explore in order to frame out a dialectical discussion of shinjin datsuraku are the mind-body problem and its relationship to the problem of time, as well as his philosophy and practice of zazen, seated meditation.
Following from this examination, we will then probe Dogen's dialectical standpoint on shinjin datsuraku. In our attempt to unfold the philosophical layers of meaning that encapsulate this teaching, we will provide a novel reading of his philosophy of Buddha-nature, a philosophy that is free from all traces of essentialism.
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Sande, Bueno Dickens. "Pollarding and root pruning as management options for tree-crop competition and firewood production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2355.

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Thesis (MScFor) (Forest and Wood Science)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
Planting of upperstorey trees along boundaries has been introduced in KabaleUganda with good reception from local farmers. Trees have been planted along agricultural fields, but both Alnus acuminata and Grew/lea robusta out-compete food crops. Managing competition between trees and crops for water, light, and nutrients to the benefit of farmers is a determinant of successful agroforestry. The scarcity and fragmentation of farmland coupled with the hilly nature of Kabale, highlights the need to address the question of tree-crop competition for resources if the technology of on-farm tree planting is to be widely disseminated and adopted in its different guises. Five-year old trees of A acuminata and G. robusta were subjected to treatments of pollarding, or a combination of pollarding and one side root pruning and compared with unpruned controls. The objectives were to assess their potential in reducing competition with food crops and providing firewood to farmers as well as their effects on tree growth. Pollarding has many benefits to farmers because it provides firewood and stakes for climbing beans, it reduces competition for resources between trees and crops and enables continued tree planting on-farm. Continued on-farm tree planting alleviates problems associated with limited land and contributes to environmental resilience. To ensure this, effect of pollarding and root pruning of upperstorey boundary trees of A acuminata and G. robusta was tested on 12 farmers' fields in Kabale. Food crops (beans and maize) grown in the sequence beans-maize-beans, grew very well at less than 50 em from trees that had been pollarded and root pruned one side. In general, pooled data from 12 sites over 5 m away from trees indicated that a combination of pollarding and root pruning increased bean yield by 240% and maize by 154%, while pollarding alone increased bean yield by 181% and maize yield was increased by 123% in comparison to non-pruned trees. However, pollarding and root pruning treatments reduced tree growth rates.Notable was more competition with crops by A. acuminata than by G. robusta. This was attributed to differences in root architecture, diameter at breast height (dbh) sizes, crown spread and crown density between the two species. Five-year-old A. acuminata had bigger dbh (12.40 cm), wider crown spread (6 m) and a dense crown, while G. robusta had dbh 10.82 em, 3 m crown spread and a light crown. A. acuminata also had more branches per tree (34) compared to G. robusta with only 25. These factors influence water uptake, light penetration through the canopy and transpiration rates, and thus affect tree-food crop competition. It is concluded that pollarding and root pruning have a great potential to reduce tree-crop competition, thereby paving the way for continued on-farm tree planting. The effect of pollarding on timber quality, moisture seepage into timber through the cut surface, if any, and the extent of its damage are areas for further research. The rate of root recovery is also to be followed closely to determine an appropriate frequency for cutting back of roots to recommend to farmers how often they need to prune their trees. It is also suggested that a thorough study be conducted on the amount of water uptake from the soil by each of the species Alnus acuminata and Grevillea robusta. This will help further explain the differences in competition between the two species.
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Nygren, Viktor. "A Social Ekonomic Study of a Small-Scale Biogas Facility. : Designing and construction for a single household for the production of biogas from easily accessible substrates such as human faeces, household waste, garden waste and manure." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36085.

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Increased access to energy is a key factor to reduce poverty and to gain increased development and prosperity. Access to energy is not equally distributed globally. On average a Swedish person consumes more energy than 12 individuals in Tanzania. The Msambara village arose in the 1930s. 80% of the inhabitants are children and the families are large. Life expectancy is 52 years for women and 54 for men. The entire region is very poor and the standard of living in Msambara is low, even compared to other parts of the country. In rural Msambara in Tanzania the cooking method is very primitive and is usually carried out indoors on three stones. Indoor pollution is contributing to eye infections. Incomplete combustion not only emits greenhouse gases increasing global warming, but also more directly emits particles effecting human health. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable to burning caused by air pollution, especially since they are responsible for cooking. The women pull a heavy load in the household work. They are responsible for raising and caring for children, managing farms, collecting firewood, fetching water, visiting the market and cooking for the family. The adoption of biogas technology reduces the need for traditional energy and thereby reduces environmental degradation. In addition, the residue is an improved agricultural fertiliser. Biogas technology has social considerations; burning of biomass for cooking reduces indoor air pollution and reduces workload to collect firewood, often performed by women. Moreover, biogas is desirable from an economic point of view. The method in this work can conveniently be divided into three different parts. These are the designing and construction process as well as the socio-economic study. The socio-economic component is split into two different sections, which are field study and data modelling. The study shows that the social negative impact may or may not be reduced by the introduction of the biogas facility, but the biogas facility in the way it is made will potentially contribute to sustainable economic growth for the household. It also shows that the household’s organic waste produced from human, animal, kitchen and garden waste is enough to provide the necessary gas needed for cooking and no additional firewood will be needed. Two diary cows, in addition to the household’s waste, will provide enough gas needed to introduce cooling capacity for food storage. By adding cooling capacity in the household, time will be saved from the food preparation process but the introduction of biogas itself will not reduce the individual work burden when no cooling capacity is installed. The study also shows that placing the digester in the ground makes a stable environment for the mesophilic and methanogenic microbes. The Socio-economic study indicates that by introducing an alternative method to cooking, positive health effects will arise and the household benefits economically. It is not possible from this thesis to conclude that by adding and treating human toilets as a substrate that possible health benefits will take place.
Sammanfattning Ökad tillgång till energi är en nyckelfaktor för att minska fattigdom och för att få ökad utveckling och välstånd. Tillgången till energi är inte jämnt fördelad globalt. En svensk person konsumerar i genomsnitt mer energi än 12 individer i Tanzania. Byn Msambara uppstod på 1930-talet, 80 % av invånarna utgörs av barn, familjerna är stora. Medellivslängden är 52 år för kvinnor och 54 år för män. Hela regionen präglas av fattigdom och levnadsstandarden i Msambara är låg, även jämfört med andra delar av landet. I Msambara som ligger på Tanzanias landsbygd är tillagningsmetoden mycket primitiv och utförs vanligen inomhus på tre stenar. Den rökiga inomhusmiljön leder ofta till ögoninfektioner. Den ofullständiga förbränningen frigör inte bara växthusgaser och bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen, utan mer direkt avges partiklar som påverkar människors hälsa. Kvinnor och flickor är särskilt utsatta för luftföroreningar eftersom de är ansvariga för matlagning. Kvinnorna drar ett tungt lass i hushållsarbetet. De är ansvarig för uppfostran och vårdnaden utav barnen, hushållsarbetet, sköta jordbruket, samla ved, hämta vatten, besöka marknaden och att laga familjens mat. Introduktion av biogasteknik minskar behovet av traditionell energi och miljöbelastningen. Rötresten är dessutom ett förädlat gödningsmedel. Biogas introduktionen ger positiva sociala konsekvenser då det leder till reducerade luftföroreningar inomhus och minskar behovet av att införskaffa ved, vilket nästan undantagslöst utförs av kvinnor. Dessutom är biogas positivt ur ekonomisk synvinkel. Arbetsmetoden är tydlighetens uppdelat i tre delar. Nämligen dimensionering av rötkammaren, uppförandet av densamma och en okonstlad socioekonomisk studie som i sin tur är uppdelad i en fältstudie och simulering. Studien kan inte visa på att summan av de sociala negativa effekterna minskar med införandet av biogasanläggningen men däremot att den potentiellt bidrar till stärkt ekonomi för hushållet. Den visar också att hushållens organiska avfall som produceras i form av avfall från människor, djur, kök och trädgård är fullt tillräckligt för att producera den nödvändiga gasen som behövs för matlagning. Ingen ytterligare ved kommer att behövas. Två kor förutom hushållets avfall ger den biogas som krävs för att driva ett kylskåp vilket ökar hållbarheten vid matförvaring. Genom tillförandet av kyleffekt till hushållet frigörs tid vilket innebär en tidsbesparing. Införandet av biogas i sig minskar inte den individuella arbetetsbördan. Studien visar också att placeringen av rötkammaren i marken utgör en stabil miljö för de mesofila metanogena. Den socioekonomiska studien visar att införandet av den alternativ matlagningsmetoden medför positiva hälsoeffekter och är ekonomiskt gynnsamt för hushållet. Från denna studie är det inte möjligt att dra slutsatsen att tillförandet och behandlingen av den mänskliga toaletten i rötprocessen ger hälsofördelar.
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Books on the topic "Firewood"

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Kindling does for firewood. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1996.

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Brunt, H. L. Van. Working firewood for the night: Poems. Brooklyn, N.Y: The Smith, 1990.

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Service, United States Forest. All firewood cutting requires a permit. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2004.

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Oppong-Mensah, John. The firewood and charcoal sellers of Dunga. Accra: Sedco, 2001.

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Giardina, Larry J. Burn dry firewood for safer, cleaner burning efficiency. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.

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Bahuguna, Sunderlal. Fire in the heart, firewood on the back. Silyara: Published by Parvatiya Navjeevan Mandal for Save Himalaya Movement, 1997.

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Wang, Xiping. Heat treatment of firewood: Meeting the phytosanitary requirements. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2011.

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Markstrom, Donald C. Feasibility of collecting firewood blocks with a small skyline. [Fort Collins, CO]: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Markstrom, Donald C. Feasibility of collecting firewood blocks with a small skyline. [Fort Collins, CO]: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Markstrom, Donald C. Feasibility of collecting firewood blocks with a small skyline. [Fort Collins, CO]: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Firewood"

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Rijal, Hom Bahadur. "Firewood Consumption in Nepal." In Sustainable Houses and Living in the Hot-Humid Climates of Asia, 335–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8465-2_33.

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Kedir, Miftah F. "Pyrolysis Bio-oil and Bio-char Production from Firewood Tree Species for Energy and Carbon Storage in Rural Wooden Houses of Southern Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1313–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_183.

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AbstractThe need for emission reduction for climate management had triggered the application of pyrolysis technology on firewood that yield bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. The purpose of present study was to select the best bio-oil and bio-char producing plants from 17 firewood tree species and to quantify the amount of carbon storage. A dried and 1 mm sieved sample of 150 g biomass of each species was pyrolyzed in assembled setup of tubular furnace using standard laboratory techniques. The bio-oil and bio-char yields were 21.1–42.87% (w/w) and 23.23–36.40% (w/w), respectively. The bio-oil yield of Acacia seyal, Dodonea angustifolia, Euclea schimperi, Eucalyptus globulus, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Grevillea robusta were over 36% (w/w), which make the total yield of bio-oil and bio-char over 62% (w/w) of the biomass samples instead of the 12% conversion efficiency in traditional carbonization. The calorific value of firewood was 16.31–19.66 MJ kg–1 and bio-oil was 23.3–33.37 MJ kg–1. The use of bio-oil for household energy and bio-char for carbon storage reduced end use emission by 71.48–118.06%, which could increase adaptation to climate change in comparison to open stove firewood by using clean fuel and reducing indoor pollution.
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Osorio Vázquez, María Cristina. "Reflection on “Gender, Firewood and Health”." In Engendering the Energy Transition, 231–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43513-4_11.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., Paul Maina Mwari, and Chrocosiscus Njeru. "Barriers to the Adoption of Improved Cooking Stoves for Rural Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1641–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_133.

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AbstractMajority of Kenya’s citizens reside in the rural areas where wood fuel is still the primary source of energy for cooking. Continuing reliance on wood fuel against the backdrop of burgeoning population poses huge threats to the country’s forest cover, undermining capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study conducted in Machakos and Laikipia counties explored; (i) women’s perceptions of the health risks associated with dependence of firewood for cooking, (ii) women’s attitudes and perceptions towards improved cooking charcoal stoves (ICS) as cleaner alternatives to traditional firewood stoves for cooking, and (iii) women’s perceptions of barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves. Study findings revealed that women were aware of the health risks associated with the use of firewood for cooking. However, despite these perceptions, upward trends in demands for firewood as a source of energy for cooking in the rural areas may persist in the next coming decades. Barriers to adoption of improved cooking stoves vary by sociocultural contexts. The study concludes that innovations that involve stakeholders especially participatory designs, monitoring, and evaluation of ICS might improve adoption levels. Moreover, innovations to increase adoption need to leverage on the opportunities provided by Sustainable development goal number 7 to accelerate adoption of ICS among other forms of cleaner, affordable, and sustainable sources of energy for cooking.
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Sawe, Estomih N. "Sustainable Charcoal and Firewood Production and Use in Africa." In Bioenergy for Sustainable Development in Africa, 75–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2181-4_7.

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Thomas, Eric H. "Seeing the Forest for the Trees: The Firewood Trade in Southern Chile." In Chiloé, 91–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91983-6_6.

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Chynoweth, Sarah K., and Erin M. Patrick. "4. Sexual violence during firewood collection: income-generation as protection in displaced settings." In Gender-Based Violence, 43–55. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxfam Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855987589.004.

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Matinga, Margaret, and Joy Clancy. "Gender, Firewood and Health: The Potential of Ethnography to Inform Policy and Practice." In Engendering the Energy Transition, 33–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43513-4_3.

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Hernando Ortego, Javier, and Gonzalo Madrazo García de Lomana. "Firewood and Charcoal Consumption in Madrid during Eighteenth Century and Its Effects on Forest Landscapes." In Environmental History in the Making, 321–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41085-2_18.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John K. Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_169-1.

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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Firewood"

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Lankapura, W. K., and K. G. Alahapperuma. "Wood Splitting Machine for Tea and Bakery Industries." In ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.3.

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In Sri Lanka, firewood is regarded as a common conventional fuel, mainly in food preparation purposes. Essentially due to economically availability, firewood has still been using as the main source to lit fire in rural areas. Other than for household food preparation, firewood is still the main source of generating heat in food related rural industries, such as tea factories, bakeries, hotels etc. In tea factories and in some of the bakeries, firewood is used in mass scales. Even tons of fire wood is used in each of them, per day. To make easy burning, the wood logs need to be cut in to small pieces. In almost all such places, wood splitting is done manually. It finds very difficult to split wood logs by using an axe. This needs time and more manpower. On the other hand, an additional cost is involved for workers’ payment. If the wood splitting can be mechanized, it may be huge beneficial for such industries as tea factories and bakeries etc. Therefore, this project is aimed to introduce a wood splitting machine, which has the specific objectives of efficient supply of usable level firewood at a shorter time with lower cost and without much manpower to split firewood logs. Lower maintenance requirement together with lower failure frequencies may be added advantages, when compared to the hydraulic devices [4].
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Bamwesigye, Dastan. "FIREWOOD AND CHARCOAL PRODUCTION IN UGANDA." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/33/s14.065.

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Ouyang, Xiao-qin. "Li firewood dance studies in college education." In 2014 International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemct-14.2014.137.

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STURMLECHNER, RITA, HARALD STRESSLER, MANUEL SCHWABL, GABRIEL REICHERT, ELISA CARLON, WALTER HASLINGER, CHRISTOPH SCHMIDL, and ALEXANDER WEISSINGER. "EMISSION FACTOR ASSESSMENT FOR TWO FIREWOOD STOVES." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170171.

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Simatupang, Nanda Agustian, and Laras Ayu Wulandari. "The Association between Indoor Household Polution and Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five in Selat Community Health Center, Batanghari District, Jambi, Indonesia." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.54.

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ABSTRACT Background: Acute respiratory tract infections constitute the major causes of mortality and morbidity of the developing world. The risk factors of acute respiratory tract infections have been identified such as passive smoking, the practice of burning mosquito coils indoors, and firewood for cooking. The purpose of this study was examine Subjects and Method: A case control study was carried out at Selat community health center, Batanghari district, Jambi, Indonesia, from May to July 2020. A sample of 132 children under five aged 12-59 months was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was acute respiratory infection. The independent variables were smoking behavior of family member, repellant coil use, and firewood use. The data were collected by questionnaire, medial record, and observation sheet. The data were analyzed by Chi square. Results: Acute respiratory infection in children under five increased with family member smoking behavior (OR= 4.73; 95% CI= 2.20 to 10.17; p<0.001), mosquito coils (OR= 1.26; 95% CI= 0.48 to 3.29; p= 0.627), and firewood use for cooking (OR= 1.28; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.89; p= 0.538). Conclusion: Acute respiratory infection in children under five increased with family member smoking behavior, mosquito coils, and firewood use for cooking. Keywords: acute respiratory infection, smoking, children under five Correspondence: Nanda Agustian Simatupang. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: nandaagustians9@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282247604322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.54
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Santana, Otacilio Antunes, Raquel Bernardo de Melo, Carla V. de M. Costa Duarte, and Clodoaldo de Lima. "Aerial survey of nonstandard firewood consumption in urban areas." In 2019 IEEE Green Technologies Conference(GreenTech). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greentech.2019.8767160.

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"The Aaron stove, switching to agricultural residues to save firewood." In 2014 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141890993.

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Bhatt, Hema, and Promila Sharma. "Occupational Hazards Faced by the Agricultural Hill Population." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100173.

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Hill terrains have always posed enormous challenges for human habitation. India, being a vast subcontinent, has an extensive area of hilly terrain. This paper highlights the challenges faced and the need of improving the occupational safety of hill population. For the present investigation data was collected purposively from Bageshwar and Almora districts of the Uttarakhand state in India. t was reported that hill women performed various tasks including on farm activities like harvesting, weeding, land preparation, transplanting, sowing. The main off farm activities performed by them include making firewood, making fodder, carrying firewood, carrying fodder, carrying milk/food. The domestic activities performed by them include cooking, washing, mopping, milking, collecting dung. It was found that almost 96 per cent of these tasks were found to be performed by women only while men did just the 4 per cent of these tasks. While performing these tasks the hazards reported by the respondents were attack of wild animal, slip/trip/falls, fog, flood, temperature extremities, torrential rain, earthquake, thunderstorm, snowfall, landslide, road accidents, and forest fire.
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Chai, Shanshan. "Influence of New Coronavirus Epidemic on Service Industry and Countermeasures Firewood." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Big Data Application (ICSSBDA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201030.051.

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Freitas, Flávio, Osvaldo Jose Venturini, Electo Eduardo Lora, and Luis Roberto de Mello e Pinto. "THE ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT ANALYSES IN THE COMBUSTION PARAMETERS OF THE EUCALYPTUS FIREWOOD." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0274.

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Reports on the topic "Firewood"

1

Wang, Xiping, Richard Bergman, Brian K. Brashaw, Scott Myers, and Marc Joyal. Heat treatment of firewood : meeting the phytosanitary requirements. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-200.

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Wang, Xiping, Richard Bergman, William T. Simpson, Steve Verrill, and Terry Mace. Heat-treatment options and heating times for ash firewood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-187.

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Sampson, George R., and Anthony F. Gasbarro. Drying firewood in a temporary solar kiln: a case study. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-450.

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Muller, Nicholas. Time Preference and the Great Depression: Evidence from Firewood Prices in Portland, Oregon. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25997.

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Holsten, Edward H., and Richard A. Werner. Effectiveness of polyethylene sheeting in controlling spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in infested stacks of spruce firewood in Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-466.

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Marcos Morezuelas, Paloma. Gender, Forests and Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003072.

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As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.
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Contestabile, E., R. A. Augsten, and T. R. Craig. Evaluation of firework mortars. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328722.

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Contestabile, E., R. A. Augsten, R. R. Vandebeek, T. R. Craig, D. Wilson, and E. Nagy. Evaluation of firework mortars. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328721.

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Hobbs, M. L., Katsumi Tanaka, Mitsuaki Iida, and Takehiro Matsunaga. Equilibrium calculations of firework mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/113860.

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Pyrotechnician dies when struck in head by firework while putting on a display. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface03mi080.

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