Journal articles: 'Fire resistance of concrete'

1

Balázs, György L., and Olivér Czoboly. "Fibre Cocktail to Improve Fire Resistance." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.480.

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Favourable experience with fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) resulted in its increasing use worldwide. The properties of fibre reinforced concrete are mostly influenced by the type and the amount of fibres. Our experimental study was directed to the possible improvements of the residual flexural strength and the properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures with different fibre cocktails including steel, micro polymer or cellulose fibres. The influence of type and amount of fibres on residual flexural strength in cold state were tested after 300, 500 or 800 °C temperature loading.

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Lie, T. T., and V. K. R. Kodur. "Thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-055.

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For use in fire resistance calculations, the relevant thermal and mechanical properties of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures were determined. These properties included the thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, and mass loss, as well as the strength and deformation properties of steel-fibre-reinforced siliceous and carbonate aggregate concretes. The thermal properties are presented in equations that express the values of these properties as a function of temperature in the temperature range between 0 °C and 1000 °C. The mechanical properties are given in the form of stress–strain relationships for the concretes at elevated temperatures. The results indicate that the steel fibres have little influence on the thermal properties of the concretes. The influence on the mechanical properties, however, is relatively greater than the influence on the thermal properties and is expected to be beneficial to the fire resistance of structural elements constructed of fibre-reinforced concrete. Key words: steel fibre, reinforced concrete, thermal properties, mechanical properties, fire resistance.

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Hubáček, Adam, and Veronika Ondryášová. "Research of Fire Resistance of Tunnel Lining Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.14.

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The article is involved with study of fire resistance of concrete for tunnel linings. It summarises the problems of present knowledge of concrete resistance in tunnels and deals with behaviour of concrete particular parts at exposure to high temperatures. Further possibilities of fire resistance improvement for production of concretes together with fire prevention are described in this paper.

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Chang, Chuan Peng, Shi Wu Huang, Xue Feng Li, Bo Tian, and Zi Yi Hou. "A Study of the Capability for Fire Resistance of Polypropylene Fibre Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 857 (December 2013): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.857.116.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of various polypropylene fibre additions (length and content) to concrete on compressive strength and explosive spalling when subjected to high temperatures, which simulate the building or tunnel fires. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of polypropylene fiber concrete (PFC) and plain concrete decreases with increasing temperature. Fibre content in a certain range has a small effect on the compressive strength of the concrete, therefore the polypropylene (PP) fibers has a great influence on the anti-spalling behavior of concrete under fire loading to ensure the integrity of the structure. Keywords: concrete, polypropylene fibre, high temperature, compressive strength, spalling

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Kodur, VKR. "Performance of high strength concrete-filled steel columns exposed to fire." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-023.

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Results from an experimental program on the behaviour of high strength concrete-filled steel hollow structural section (HSS) columns will be presented for three types of concrete filling. A comparison will be made of the fire-resistance performance of HSS columns filled with normal strength concrete, high strength concrete, and steel-fibre-reinforced high strength concrete. The various factors that influence the structural behaviour of high strength concrete-filled HSS columns under fire conditions are discussed. It is demonstrated that, in many cases, addition of steel fibres into high strength concrete improves the fire resistance and offers an economical solution for fire-safe construction.Key words: high strength concrete, steel columns, fire-resistance design, high-temperature behaviour, concrete-filled steel columns.

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Luhar, Salmabanu, Demetris Nicolaides, and Ismail Luhar. "Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete: An Overview." Buildings 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030082.

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Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

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Kim, Yun Yong. "Fire Resistance Performance of Precast Segmental Concrete Lining for Shield Tunnel." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, no. 1 (2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.1.0095.

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Belov, Vyacheslav, and Valery Morozov. "Fire Resistance of Non-Crack Resistant Flexural Reinforced Concrete Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.15.

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In developed countries only loss of property because of fire makes annually up to 2% of their national income [9, 15]. The bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures at high temperature impact is lost within several dozens of minutes [1, 3, 5, 10, 12, 18, 25]. Disappointing statistics of increase of both the number of fires and the scope of damage due to them aggravates the actual problem of determination of reinforced concrete structures fire-endurance. The main problems and methods of evaluation of reinforced concrete structure fire resistance are stated. Within the framework of block approach to evaluation of strain of flexural reinforced concrete elements with cracks, design model of reinforced concrete thermo-force resistance is made. Extended nomenclature of influences of high temperature at fire on decrease of performance of bearing reinforced concrete structures is considered. Empirical dependencies of strength and strain characteristics of concrete and reinforcement on high temperatures are used. Proposals on specification of evaluation of fire resistance of statically indeterminate reinforced concrete structures are formulated.

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Lublóy, Éva. "The Influence of Concrete Strength on the Effect of Synthetic Fibres on Fire Resistance." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 62, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppci.10775.

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Numerous studies have verified that increased concrete strength reduces its resistance to fire, leads to a higher degree of strength reduction and higher chances of spalling of concrete surfaces.The risks of spalling of concrete surfaces can be reduced by adding synthetic polypropylene fibres. Numerous experiments have shown that the risk of spalling of the concrete surface is significantly lower when using short, small diameter fibres of polypropylene synthetic, because the pore structure created by the burning of fibres reduces the risk of cracking.However, the question arises whether other types of fibres of greater diameter and length are still able to prevent spalling of concrete surfaces without drastically reducing the strength and if so, in what range of concrete strength it is true.The experiments are aimed to determine the effects of micro and macro synthetic fibres on the post-fire residual compressive strength, flexural strength and porosity of concrete.Nine kinds of mixture were prepared and tested. Three of them are without fibers (reference concretes) with diverse strength, three with synthetic micro-fibres with diverse strength and three with synthetic macro-fibres of diverse strength. The experiment was conducted with three concretes with different strength. Each type had a reference concrete without fibre reinforcement, one with micro- and one with macro-fibres.

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Choi. "Fire resistance assessment of high strength segment concrete depending on PET fiber amount under fire curves." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 16, no. 3 (2014): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2014.16.3.311.

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11

Bao, Yanhong, Bowen Chen, and Lei Xu. "Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Reinforced Concrete Column-Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam Plane Frame Structure Subjected to Fire." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6620030.

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The ABAQUS finite-element analysis platform was used to understand the mechanical behavior of concrete-filled steel tube reinforced concrete (CFSTRC) columns and steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beam plane frames under fire conditions. Thermal parameters and mechanical constitutive model of steel and concrete materials were reasonably selected, the correct boundary conditions were chosen, and a numerical model for the thermal mechanical coupling of CFSTRC columns and SRC beam plane frame structure was established. The finite-element model was verified from related experimental test results. The failure modes, deformation, and internal force distribution of the CFSTRC column and SRC beam plane frames were analyzed under ISO-834 standard fire conditions and with an external load. The influence of beam and column fire-load ratio on the fire resistance of the frame structure was established, and the fire-resistance differences between the plane frame structures and columns were compared. The CFSTRC column-steel reinforced concrete beam plane frame may undergo beam failure or the column and beam may fail simultaneously. The frame structure fire-resistance decreased with an increase of column and beam fire-load ratio. The column and beam fire-load ratio influence the fire resistance of the frames significantly. In this numerical example, the fire resistance of the frames is less than the single columns. It is suggested that the fire resistance of the frame structure should be considered when a fire-resistant structural engineering design is carried out.

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Sulakhe, Mr Sujitkumar P. "Effect of Fire on Concrete and Enhancement in Fire Resistance Capacity of Concrete." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6058.

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13

Hwang, Ju-young, Hyo-Gyoung Kwak, and Yonghoon Lee. "Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Under Various Fire Scenarios." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.2.189.

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Since structural damage by fire in modern Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures causes significant loss of human life and property, it is important to evaluate the residual capacity of fire-damaged RC structures exposed to high temperatures. In this study, the behavior of fire-damaged RC frame structures (single-bay & three-bay frame), considering non-mechanical strain, was investigated by applying numerical analysis. The behavior mechanism was analyzed by numerical results of the single-bay frame and similar behavior was observed in each member of the three-bay frame. Principally, regarding the three-bay frame structure, the time of fire-resistance was evaluated under various fire scenarios, which included symmetrical and asymmetrical fires within the structure. The results of numerical analysis showed that, as the story load action on the structure increases, the fire-resistance time decreases. Finally, asymmetric fires should be considered for safety assessment against fire because the fire-resistance time under asymmetric fire conditions is shorter than that under symmetric fire conditions for all load conditions.

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14

Zhao, Jian Kui, Peng Yan, Da Peng Li, and Yan Liu. "Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Column Exposed to Fire with Cooling Phase." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.491.

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fire resistance model of reinforced concrete column was built by ABAQUS, and the model was validated with experiment. Temperature field and fire resistance of reinforced concrete column exposed to fire with heating and cooling phase was analyzed. The results show that Temperature field of reinforced concrete column would elevate when the environment temperature descended, and deformation and internal forces became more severity.

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15

Gernay, Thomas. "Fire resistance and burnout resistance of reinforced concrete columns." Fire Safety Journal 104 (March 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.01.007.

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Gedam, Banti A. "Fire resistance design method for reinforced concrete beams to evaluate fire-resistance rating." Structures 33 (October 2021): 855–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.04.046.

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17

Dong, Hong Ying, Wan Lin Cao, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Study on Fire Resistant Performance of Recycled Concrete Tubular Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2781.

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In order to achieve the fire resistance performance of recycled concrete, four concrete tubular structure specimens were designed and tested under the high temperature. One of the specimens was made from normal concrete C20, one was made from recycled coarse aggregate concrete C20, and two were made from recycled coarse and fine aggregate concrete C20 and C40 respectively. The temperature field, the vertical displacement, the wall deflection and the fire endurance were comparatively analyzed. Results show that the rate of temperature increasing inside the concrete becomes smaller with the increase of recycled aggregate replacement rate. The temperature of specimens with recycled concrete is lower than that with normal concrete at the same position, the same force condition and the same fire condition. The load carrying capacity of specimens with recycled concrete is lower than that of the normal concrete specimen due to the bigger porosity of recycled concrete. The fire endurance decreases with the increase of recycled aggregate replacement rate in the specimens. With the increase of the strength of recycled concrete, fire resistance and fire endurance of the tubular structure decrease and the structure tends to fail in expansion under high temperature.

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Sakumoto, Y., T. Okada, M. Yoshida, and S. Tasaka. "Fire Resistance of Concrete‐Filled, Fire‐Resistant Steel‐Tube Columns." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 6, no. 2 (May 1994): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1994)6:2(169).

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Liu, Yong Jun, Yang Yang Liu, Ran Bi, and Jing Hai Zhou. "Multi-Type Finite Elements Hybrid Model for Simulating Global Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames in Fires." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2357.

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In general, reinforced concrete frames have excellent fire resistance properties, but more and more concrete buildings collapsed in fires. The majority of past research work on the response of concrete building to fire has looked at the effects of fire upon individual structural members, and most commonly when subjected to heating from standard fire tests. At present, the fire behaviors of whole reinforced concrete frame are not adequately understood. There is a great need for development of models which consider the effects of fire on the whole structure under more realistic heating regimes. There is also a fundamental requirement for further large-scale testing of concrete structures, to observe the behavior of whole concrete structures in real fires and also for validation of advanced computer analysis tools. Accuracy and efficiency are two major concerns in finite element analysis of structural response of concrete frames in fires. In this paper, a multi-type finite elements hybrid model for simulating structural behavior of whole reinforced concrete frames in real fire is suggested.

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YABUKI, Masuo, Abo El-Wafa Ahmed Mahmoud, Toshiki AYANO, and Kenji SAKATA. "Fire Resistance of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforce Concrete." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 51, no. 10 (2002): 1123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.51.1123.

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21

Persson, B. "Fire resistance of self-compacting concrete, SCC." Materials and Structures 37, no. 273 (September 17, 2004): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/13980.

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Lu, Zhou Dao, and Ji Feng Chai. "Crack Extension Resistance of Post-Fire Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.411.

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23

Netinger,, Ivanka, Dubravka Bjegović,, and Ana Mladenovič,. "Fire Resistance of Steel Slag Aggregates Concrete." High Temperature Materials and Processes 29, no. 1-2 (April 2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2010.29.1-2.77.

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Persson, B. "Fire resistance of self-compacting concrete, SCC." Materials and Structures 37, no. 9 (November 2004): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02483286.

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Caldová, Eva, František Wald, and Anna Kuklíková. "Fire Test of Timber-fibre Concrete Composite Floor." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.6.2.147.

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The subject of this paper is a description of experimental programme of timber-fibre concrete floor in fire. Furnace test was performed on one full-size floor specimen at the Fire testing laboratory PAVUS. Floor specimen was 4, 5 m long and 3 m wide, consisting of 60 mm fibre concrete topping on plywood formwork, connected to GL beams. It was subjected the standard fire for over 150 min. The membrane effect of the floor was progressively activated and the fire performance of timber-fibre concrete floor was better comparing to traditional design method. The project is a part of the experimental research that deals with the effect of membrane action of composite timber fibre reinforced floor slabs exposed to fire which is based on previous research on steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs. The main objective of the project is the preparation of the analytical model which can predict the fire resistance of such floors with dispersed reinforcement.

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Lubloy, Eva. "How does concrete strength affect the fire resistance?" Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-10-2019-0035.

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Purpose The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of concrete strength on the fire resistance of structures. At first, it may seem contradictory that higher concrete strengths can decrease the fire resistance of building structures. However, if the strength of the concrete exceeds a maximum value, the risk of spalling (the detachment of the concrete surface) significantly. Design/methodology/approach Prefabricated structural elements are often produced with higher strength. The higher concrete strengths generally do not cause a reduction in the load bearing capacity, but it can have serious consequences in case of structural fire design. Results of two prefabricated elements, namely, one slab (TT shaped panel) and one single layer wall panel, were examined. Results of the specimen with the originally designed composition and a specimen with modified concrete composition were examined, were polymer fibres were added to prevent spalling. Findings As a result of the experiments, more strict regulations in the standards the author is suggested including more strict regulations in the standards. It has been proved that to ensure the fire safety of the reinforced concrete structures, it is required after polymer fibres even in lower concrete strength class than prescribed by the standard. In addition, during the classification and evaluation of structures, it is advisable to introduce an upper limit of allowed concrete strength for fire safety reasons. Originality/value As a result of the experiments, the author suggests including more strict regulations in the standards. It has been proved that to ensure the fire safety of the reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to require the addition of polymer fibres even in lower concrete strength class than prescribed by the standard. In addition, during the classification and evaluation of structures, it is advisable to introduce an upper limit of allowed concrete strength for fire safety reasons.

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Ilyin, Nikolay, Nadezhda Kondratyeva, and Vasily Zaiko. "Pipe-concrete columns of buildings and their fire-resistance determination." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602011.

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The research recognizes the necessity of developing a new method of calculation of pipe-concrete columns fire-resistance. It is important for expending the area of their application in construction of buildings and structures; in unique structures as well. The authors apply a simplified mathematical description of the process of pipe-concrete columns resistance to the standard fire effect. This method helps to increase the accuracy of fire resistance level determination to expand these constructions use. If buildings materials are rationally combined, it is possible to produce reliable and sufficiently fireproof structures. Pipe-concrete columns which are, in fact, metal pipes filled with concrete can serve as an example of such structures. Nowadays, field tests are used to determine pipe-concrete constructions fire resistance. The authors introduce a methodology of theoretical determination of pipe-concrete columns fire resistance limit. The use of the proposed methodology makes it possible to reduce labor and economic costs while determining buildings resistance with the use of the pipe-concrete. It opens a possibility of pipe-concrete structures reasonable application in construction practice. The use of this new method allows us to determine pipe-concrete columns fire resistance without resorting to natural fire. It also increases the accuracy of statistical quality control and non-destructive tests. The calculations made in this study as well as previous tests conducted by other researches prove that there is no need for additional fire protection of pipe-concrete columns.

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Wu, Lixin, Suong V. Hoa, and Heng Wang. "Improvement of flammability resistance of epoxy adhesives used in infrastructure applications." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-135.

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Fire endurance of fibre-reinforced-polymer (FRP) concrete systems is crucial for safe use of FRPs in the construction industry. Nanoclay was introduced into epoxy resin to retard flame spread and improve the fire endurance of bonds between FRP and concrete. Test results show that the addition of nanoclay can greatly improve the flame retardancy of epoxy. With only 2% nanoclay, the limit oxygen index number of epoxy increases by 5 and 10 using two types of mixing methods developed at the Concordia Centre for Composites. The epoxy with the addition of nanoclay possesses self-extinguishing properties, whereas the epoxy without the addition of nanoclay burned completely. After exposure to 260 °C for 2 h, the FRP-concrete system using epoxy and 2% nanoclay adhesive showed 23% greater average residual bonding strength than that using control epoxy adhesive. The nanoclay used in this study is a nontoxic and inexpensive material that may fulfill the requirements for civil engineering applications.Key words: fire resistance, fibre-reinforced polymer, concrete, bond, adhesive, nanoclay, epoxy.

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Liu, Xiao, and Lei Zhao. "Significance of Fire Resistance Performance on the Recycled Concrete-Filled Steel Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.881.

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Recycled concrete was waste concrete re-processing to restore the original performance, so that the waste of resources to re-use. It’s important to study the recycled concrete fire resistance, by analyzing the frequency of the existing building fire, the extent of waste concrete increasing year by year. Through the analysis of recycled concrete as structural components in the deficiencies of strength, seismic and fire resistance, indicates the importance of anti - fire properties of recycled concrete - filled steel tube.

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Zdаnyavichus, P., V. Antonovich, R. Boris, R. Stonis, R. Shukis, and E. Vitek. "The investigation of the modified refractory concrete in terms of the clay filler's kind." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 12 (December 25, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-12-17-21.

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The properties of the conventional refractory concrete modified by means of the microsilica and the antiflocculant additions including the different kinds of the fire clay filler were investigated in the article. It was established that the refractory concrete with the filler Bos145 (about 44 % of Al2O3) had the smaller open porosity, and both high density and the ultimate compressive strength comparing to these characteristics which the concretes with the fillers Bos125 and Bos135 had (about 26 and 37 % of Al2O3respectively). Also it was found out that independently of the fire clay filler's kind another SiO2-based addition promoted the increase of the concrete's alkaline resistance by the factor of 5 and more. It was shown that this SiO2-based addition is effective at the temperatures up to 1100 °C, as at 1200 °C the chamotter concrete's porosity grew up and the resistance of the material against the alkaline melt decreased considerably.

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Kwon, Ki Seok, Heung Youl Kim, Seung Un Chae, and Bum Yean Cho. "A Study on the Collapse Mechanism of High Strength Concrete Columns Apply to Fiber-Cocktail." Applied Mechanics and Materials 784 (August 2015): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.784.385.

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More high-rise structures are currently being constructed and correspondingly, the compressive strength of concrete has been increased. However, compared to conventional strength concrete the high strength concrete (HSC) exhibits coarse inner pore structure which blocks escape routes of vapour generated in the event of fire. This results in spalling and subsequently, are responsible for fire vulnerability of the structure. In addition, spalling phenomena is also affected by the section dimensions of HSC which is also another crucial factor from socio-economic considerations. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the fire resistance performance of hybrid fiber (i.e. steel-polypropylene-fibre)-reinforced HSC columns with different cross-section dimensions. The result of the fire resistance performance testing using 100MPa concrete showed that delay to failure was observed by approximately 76 per cent.

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Xu, Lei, and Yan-Hong Bao. "Experimental study on the fire resistance of concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete (CFSTRC) column-RC beam frames." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 11 (March 18, 2021): 2413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211001519.

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To reveal the temperature characteristics and mechanical properties of frame structures with concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete (CFSTRC) columns under fire, the fire resistance of four planar frames consisting of CFSTRC columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to ISO-834 standard fire was tested in this study. The test parameters included the column fire load ratio, beam fire load ratio, and beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio. In the test, the temperatures of the column, beam, and slab cross-sections in the joint and nonjoint zones were measured, and the fire resistance, beam and column deformation curves, and failure modes of the frame were investigated. The experimental results showed that the concrete volume was the main factor affecting the temperature distribution on each typical cross-section of the frame: the temperatures at the measuring points of the beam and column in the joint zone were significantly lower than the temperatures at the corresponding points in the nonjoint zone, and the concrete outside the steel tube significantly slowed the propagation of temperature to the steel tube and its concrete core. Hence, there was only a small loss of the bearing capacity of steel tube and the core concrete inside the steel tube. The column fire load ratio, beam fire load ratio, and beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio have obvious influences on the fire resistance: the larger the column fire load ratio or beam fire load ratio, the smaller the fire resistance; and the larger the beam-to-column linear stiffness ratio, the larger the fire resistance.

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Liu, Yanzhu, Liang Wang, Ke Cao, and Lei Sun. "Review on the Durability of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6652077.

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Polypropylene fibre (PPF) is a kind of polymer material with light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. The crack resistance of concrete can be improved by adding PPFs. PPF can optimize the pore size distribution of concrete. As a result, the durability of concrete is significantly enhanced since PPF can block the penetration of water or harmful ions in concrete. This paper summarizes the influence of polypropylene fibre on the durability of concrete, including drying shrinkage, creep, water absorption, permeability resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, sulfate corrosion resistance, freeze-thaw cycle resistance, carbonation resistance, and fire resistance. The authors analysed the effects of fibre content, fibre diameter, and fibre hybrid ratio on these durability indexes. The durability property of concrete can be further improved by combining PPFs and steel fibres. The drawbacks of PPF in application in concrete are the imperfect dispersion in concrete and weak bonding with cement matrix. The methods to overcome these drawbacks are to use fibre modified with nanoactive powder or chemical treatment. At last, the authors give the future research prospects of concrete made with PPFs.

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Hertz, Kristian. "Fire resistance of concrete walls with light aggregate." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-11-2017-0043.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the design methods for fire-exposed concrete columns and walls. In addition, it presents analyses and tests showing that the methods are applicable for designing columns and walls of lightweight aggregate concrete based on expanded clay aggregate as well as heavy normal weight concrete and that the methods fit smoothly with cold design, when the fire exposure varies towards no fire. Design/methodology/approach During the 1990s, some of these design methods were included in the Eurocode as “the zone method”. They are still a part of the code. The rest of the methods, which were not included, served in practice, teaching and research. The present paper derives calculation methods proving their connection with common design for load cases without fire exposure. Furthermore, the paper presents full-scale tests proving the validation of the design methods for structural members of light aggregate concrete in addition to the full-scale tests of heavy concrete members. Findings The design methods give correct estimates of the load-bearing capacity of eccentric loaded concrete columns. An extended version of the methods estimates load-bearing capacity for walls with fire exposure on one side with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of design. Originality/value The author developed the main parts of the design methods in the 1980s and 1990s and others have from time to time referred to some parts of them mainly the minor parts published in the Eurocodes. However, owing to work overload, the author has not published the derivation and verification of them before. This paper provides in particular a verification against full-scale tests of light-aggregate concrete walls not published before.

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Zhang, Xin, and Guo Qiang Zhang. "An Experimental Study of the High Temperature Behavior of Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with Inorganic Adhesive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3122.

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Nowadays the mechanical properties of epoxy resin used to paste CFRP strengthening the concrete structures, has a sharp drop in more than 60°C. Four CFRP-strengthened concrete one-way slabs were studied in the fire, one using epoxy resin and the other three using inorganic adhesive (Magnesium Oxychloride Cement). The experimental results show that :(a) The fire resistance performance of CFRP-strengthened concrete slab by inorganic adhesive with 15mm thickness fire protection was better than the slab without fire protection; (b) Without considering the impact of burst, the fire resistance performance of CFRP-strengthened concrete slab by inorganic adhesive with 30mm fire protection was better than the slab with 15mm fire protection;(c)Under the same fire protection measures, the fire resistance performance of CFRP-strengthened concrete slab with inorganic adhesive was better than the concrete slab strengthened with CFRP by epoxy adhesive.

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Chybiński, Marcin, and Łukasz Polus. "Bending Resistance of Metal-Concrete Composite Beams in a Natural Fire." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0058.

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Abstract In this paper, the bending resistance of three metal-concrete composite beams was compared in real car fires in an open car park. Steel and concrete composite beams are often used for the construction of ceilings in multi-storey car parks. The authors made an attempt to evaluate how the replacement of a non-alloy steel girder with a stainless steel or aluminium alloy girder affects the bending resistance of a composite beam under fire conditions. The analysed beams were not fire-protected. They consisted of a concrete slab and a girder made of: non-alloy (carbon) S235J2 (1.0117) steel, X6CrNiMoTi17- 12-2 (1.4571) stainless steel, and AW-6061 T6 (EN AW-Al Mg1SiCu) aluminium alloy.

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Wang, Zhen Qing, Zhi Cheng Xue, and Mu Qiao. "Analysis on Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Base on the Failure Probability." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.197.

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For the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete under high temperature with large deterioration, the reliability of reinforced concrete beams have been largely discounted. A calculation of fire resistance based on failure probability is given by this paper. Reinforced concrete beam is usually working with cracks. Since each section with cracks has possibility of destruction, the reliability of the beam is calculated by the minimum value of n crack-sections’ resistance. The plastic zone resistance of concrete under high temperature is considered in this paper. A simple and feasible time-variant model of the resistance of reinforced concrete beams under fire and a reliability index analysis method of reinforced concrete beams under fire has been given. The action of ISO834 temperature rising curve on the reliability index of different specifications of concrete beams at different time is analyzed. The action of main parameters on the reliability index changes with time is shown. The fire resistance considers the failure probability is given. The results show that increase the reinforcement ratio and concrete cover thickness appropriately are effective measures to improve the fire resistance limit of reinforced concrete beams.

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Cvetkovska, Meri, Milos Knezevic, Qiang Xu, Cvetanka Chifliganec, Marijana Lazarevska, and Ana Trombeva Gavriloska. "Fire scenario influence on fire resistance of reinforced concrete frame structure." Procedia Engineering 211 (2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.134.

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Song, Young-Chan, Yong-Ro Kim, Ook-Jong Kim, and Do-Bum Lee. "Evaluation on Fire Resistance Performance of High Strength Concrete Containing Fibre." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2010): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2010.10.5.129.

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Bénichou, Noureddine, Hossein Mostafaei, Mark F. Green, and Kevin Hollingshead. "The impact of fire on seismic resistance of fibre reinforced polymer strengthened concrete structural systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 11 (November 2013): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0521.

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This paper presents the results of a research project to study the seismic resistance of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete members after fire exposure. Specifically, the paper presents results of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete columns exposed to a standard fire including temperatures measured during the test and a discussion of the loads applied to the columns. Finally, the paper also presents the impact of lateral loading on structural columns after fire to assess the effectiveness of structural resistance of fire-damaged FRP strengthened building elements in case of an earthquake. Numerical models to simulate the lateral behaviour are presented and the predictions are compared to the test results. Since the FRP strengthened columns were insulated with fire protection, the lateral load resistance of the unstrengthened column was reduced by less than 5% due to fire exposure.

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Pan, Lu, Li Chen, Qin Fang, Chaochen Zhai, and Teng Pan. "A modified layered-section method for responses of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams under static and blast loads." International Journal of Protective Structures 7, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419616658384.

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Reinforced concrete structures are currently under the threat of both fire and blast. The absence of theoretical methods demonstrates a drawback in the assessment of blast-resistant structures after exposure to fire. A modified layered-section method was developed in this article, which was not only able to determine the complete static resistance–deflection curves of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams but also able to predict the responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to blast after fire exposure. The high-temperature effects and the strain-rate effects were included in the concrete and steel material models in the proposed method. A corresponding calculation program FBBA was also compiled based on the explicit Newmark algorithm on the platform of Maple software. The developed method and program were validated by the existing test results. Analytical results showed that after fire exposure, the reinforced concrete beams show significant degradation in the residual bearing capacity, but increase in the ductility. The higher the steel reinforcement ratio, the more degradation the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams after fire exposure suffers. The blast resistance of the fired reinforced concrete beams was underestimated without considering the strain-rate effects or just considering the average strain-rate effects.

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Fan, He, and Ze Fan. "Studies on Fire Resistance of FRP Shear Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1318.

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Fire-resistance performance experiments with static loading-fire are investigated about two carbon fiber sheet (CFS) shear strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams exposed to the ISO834 standard fire. Shear strengthened RC beams are wrapped with fire insulation material- thick painted fire retardant coatings. Relationship between measure points’ temperature and time are achieved. The results suggest that: the ratio of shear-span is the main factor to fire-resistance rating and failure modes of CFS shear strengthened RC beams in fire; shear-failure fire-resistance rating are increased by thickening fire insulation to shear strengthened RC beams. A computer program is developed to calculate the temperature fields of fire insulated concrete beams shear strengthened with CFS coated thick fireproof material. This program is validated comparing with experimental results. Researches can give a supplement to produce overall fire-resistance factors of CFS shear strengthened reinforced concrete beams at high temperatures.

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Bellová, Maria. "Fire Walls Made from Concrete and Masonry - Barriers against a Fire Spreading." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.408.

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Fire exposure of a construction represents an accidental load (temporary with a high intensity) and it´s appearance during service life of the construction is improbable. All structural eurocodes, which deal with the normal temperature (20°C) design of structures made from loadbearing materials (steel, steel and concrete composite, concrete, masonry and timber), include always Part 1-2: Structural fire design. Concrete, similar to the masonry, has (in comparison with other construction materials such as steel and timber), an excellent resistance against fire exposure. This is why both of these materials are used for construction of fire walls, which create barriers against the fire spreading. Fire walls separate two spaces and they are designed for fire resistance and structural stability, including resistance to mechanical impact. In the case of fire and failure of the structure on one side of the fire wall, fire spread beyond the wall is avoided. Properties of concrete and masonry walls, subject to fire exposure, are however negatively influenced. Concrete compressive strength is reduced depending on the aggregate choice. The strength of reinforcing bars is also reduced at elevated temperature, by an amount which strongly depends on the axis distance of the reinforcing bars from an edge of a cross section, too. The behaviour of a masonry wall depends on a masonry unit type and material, type of the mortar, the density of units, type of the wall construction, and applied surface finishes. In the present article we discuss basic principles of the design and assessment of various concrete and masonry fire walls and compare their effect - fire resistance period – depending on their thickness.

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Zheng, Yong Qian, and Jin Ping Zhuang. "Analysis on Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.797.

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Fire resistance design of Reinforced concrete wall is one of the important issues for structural safety. The sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis method in ABAQUS software is used to calculate the fire resistance of walls. The results of a parametric study to examine the influences of parameters, such as axial load level, lateral load level, height-to-thickness ratio, wall thickness, material strengths, steel reinforcement ratio and concrete protection thickness to reinforcements on fire resistance of RC walls are presented.

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Tamrazyan, Ashot Georgievich, Micheal Sergeevich Mineev, and Aishat Urasheva. "Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Corrosion-Damaged Columns of the "Standard" Fire." Key Engineering Materials 828 (December 2019): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.828.163.

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The article describes the features of the effect of corrosion of reinforcement on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete columns in a "standard" fire. On the basis of the standard calculation method, the fire resistance of the column was estimated under a four-sided fire effect taking into account the different duration of the fire. The study examined the operation of the column in a corrosive environment, it was assumed that the initiation of corrosion of concrete and reinforcement will occur after 10 years of exploitation. It was found that the destruction of concrete protective layer 25 mm thick in a medium aggressive environment will occur after 25 years, and the diameter of the reinforcement during this period will decrease by 20%. To compare the results, a reinforced concrete column with a section of 400x400mm was calculated under the influence of a “standard” fire under normal operating conditions and taking into account work in a corrosive environment. The results of heat engineering calculations are presented, where the temperature changes in the reinforcement depending on the heating time and reduction of the protective layer thickness, as well as the change in the diameter of the reinforcement and its effect on the bearing capacity are shown. It has been established that reducing the cross-sectional area of the working reinforcement and reducing the cross-sectional dimensions of the column due to the occurring corrosion processes leads to a decrease in the fire resistance limit on the loss of bearing capacity by 58%.

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ILYIN, Nikolay A., Denis A. PANFILOV, Denis V. LITVINOV, and Pavel N. SLAVKIN. "EVALUATION OF FIRE-RESISTANCE OF STRUT REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.01.13.

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In SGASU a new engineering solution for buildings fire protection is developped. Its especially efficient for classification of reinforced concrete structures according to their resistance to high-temperature impact in case of fire or technological emergency that gives an opportunity to use a structure with actual fire resistance grading in buildings of different structural fire hazard. Evaluation of actual fi re resistance grading by engineering analysis (as opposed to inplace tests of reinforced concrete structures) makes possible resource and energy saving.

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Kim, Heung Youl, Hyung Jun Kim, Kyung Hoon Park, Bum Youn Cho, and Jae Sung Lee. "Fire Resistance Performance of High-Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced with Pre-Stressed Wire Ropes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.880.

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In this study, the fire resistance performance of high-strength concrete columns was evaluated to see the influence of lateral confinement reinforcement with wire ropes for improving ductility, fire resistance reinforcement with fiber cocktail and load ratio. For this, loaded fire test was conducted under ISO834 standard fire condition. The axial ductility of the 60MPa high-strength concrete column reinforced with pre-stressed wire ropes was improved and its fire resistance performance was also improved by 23% compared with its counterpart without wire ropes. The appropriate load for the 60MPa concrete column reinforced with wire ropes was found to be 70% of design load. The fire resistance performance of the 100MPa high-strength concrete column reinforced with pre-stressed wire ropes and fiber-cocktail was improved as much as 4 times compared with that reinforced with tie bars only. The appropriate load for the 100MPa columns was found to be less than 70% of design load in order for the columns to secure required fire resistance performance.

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TAKANO, Tomohiro, Takashi HORIGUCHI, and Noboru SAEKI. "FIRE-RESISTANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu E 63, no. 3 (2007): 424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jsceje.63.424.

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Wattanapornprom, Rungrawee, Daniel Nichol Reyes Valerio, Withit Pansuk, Thuc Nhu Nguyen, and Phoonsak Pheinsusom. "Fire Resistance Performance of Reactive Powder Concrete Columns." Engineering Journal 22, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.4.67.

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Rafi, M. M., A. Nadjai, and F. Ali. "Fire resistance of carbon FRP reinforced-concrete beams." Magazine of Concrete Research 59, no. 4 (May 2007): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.59.4.245.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire resistance of concrete'

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