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Ferreira, Michael J. "Barrier Performance Utilizing Normalized Heat Load as Part of an Engineering Based Building Fire Protection Analysis Method." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1074.
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"The objective of this thesis is to examine the methods of barrier analysis used in the Building Fire Safety Engineering Method (BFSEM), and to develop the areas of the analysis which currently rely almost exclusively on subjective judgment rather than quantitative measures. The use of the Normalized Heat Load to quantify heat energy impact on a barrier is examined in detail. Procedures are developed which apply the properties of a normal statistical distribution to barrier failures times, for use in simplifying the construction of barrier catalog curves. A framework is also developed to help standardize the selection of barrier effectiveness factors. Finally, this thesis outlines the procedure for developing barrier performance curves to allow easy implementation of the barrier analysis into the general framework of the BFSEM. A design example is presented to illustrate the analysis procedures."
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Callery, James Francis. "Building Evaluation for Manual Suppression." Digital WPI, 2005. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1156.
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Recent improvements in equipment used by firefighters has increased the value of manual suppression in buildings. However, because there is no evaluation method available, the effectiveness of manual suppression can not be incorporated into a fire safety analysis of a building. This thesis develops a method for evaluating manual suppression in buildings. he evaluation is done through an analysis of the paths through a building firefighters will use to attack a fire. The analysis considers the building, fire and fire department factors influencing progress towards teh fire. The fire attack path analysis yeilds a value relating the relative difficulty of a path.
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MENEZES, DAIVID ALMEIDA. "WATER MIST TECHNOLOGY: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST BUILDING FIRE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30481@1.
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O presente trabalho detém como proposta apresentar uma alternativa de proteção ativa contra incêndio ao sistema convencional de chuveiros automáticos que pode ser concebido nos projetos construtivos nas edificações brasileiras que é a tecnologia de Água Nebulizada (Water Mist). A tecnologia de Water Mist apresenta-se como uma proposta alternativa já que ambos possuem utilização em comum do agente extintor Água. Nesse contexto, essa dissertação fará um estudo de caso, em um edifício comercial na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que compara o volume destinado a reserva de água para o combate a incêndio entre o Sistema de Chuveiros Automáticos (Sprinklers) e o tecnologia de Água Nebulizada (Water Mist), sendo este fator um dos aspectos de vantagens preconizados pelos fabricantes de Water Mist ao redor do mundo. O sistema de combate a incêndio existente (Sprinklers) foi projetado, admitindo-se os requisitos da legislação/código estadual vigente. A tecnologia Água Nebulizada (Water Mist) será dimensionada utilizando a Norma Americana NFPA 750 (2015), com apoio de normas técnicas e listas de especificações pelo fato da inexistência de regulamento nacional específico ou legislação/código estadual. A presente dissertação propõe divulgar a tecnologia de água nebulizada (Water Mist), discorrendo sobre as suas formas de atuação, mecanismos de extinção, apresentando-se suas peculiaridades e aplicações específicas bem como as similaridades em relação ao tradicional sistema de chuveiros automáticos e sua aplicabilidade em edificações.This work has the proposal to present an alternative to active fire protection, which can be designed in construction projects in Brazilian buildings that are fire-fighting technology with nebulized water (Water Mist). The Water Mist technology presents itself as an alternative proposal since both have joint use of water extinguishing agent. In this context, this dissertation will make a case study in a commercial building in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which compares the volume for the water reserve for fire fighting between the Sprinkler System (Sprinklers) and Water Technology nebulized (Water Mist), and this factor one aspect of advantages recommended by manufacturers of Water Mist around the world. The Fighting existing fire system (Sprinklers) was designed, assuming the requirements of the legislation / current state code. The technology water spray (Water Mist) is scaled using the American Standard NFPA 750 (2015), with the support of technical standards and specification lists because of the absence of specific national regulation or legislation / state code.
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Hakkarainen, Tuula. "Studies on fire safety assessment of construction products /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2002/P459.pdf.
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Wilkinson, Peter. "An investigation into resilient fire engineering building design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12297.
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As an engineering discipline within the United Kingdom, fire engineering is relatively young. It has been accepted as an alternative to traditional prescriptive means of meeting the functional requirements of the Building Regulations since the publication of the 1985 edition of Approved Document B, which was one of a series issued to provide practical guidance on the requirements of the Building Regulations for England and Wales. It deals specifically with fire safety requirements for building work. Performance-based fire engineering design methods have facilitated architectural design freedoms and supported creative construction. This research has established that for a successful and holistic fire engineering strategy to be developed; The end-user client should describe from the outset what they want their building or facility to achieve, and there should be an agreed process for this to happen; Commercial property insurers should be consulted and exploited as a useful and intelligent resource to the design team; and Fire engineering practitioners should fulfil their role as advisers to the architect, or building design team, in order to achieve the agreed objectives. However, it has become evident that since fire engineering has become more established, it is clear that we are far from this ideal situation. Significant concerns have been raised regarding various elements of the design process including the ability to consider aspects other than life safety. Within this discourse, the author has outlined their research investigating how performance-based fire engineering techniques are used within building design. The literature review explores key concepts of fire engineering including definitions and benefits etc., and also describes concerns regarding the motivations for applying fire engineering techniques to building design. Survey-based research suggests that greater input is required from commercial property insurers at the building design stage in order to champion property protection and business resilience objectives. A case-study investigation, however, concluded that for a number of reasons, it is impractical to expect the insurer to influence the design team to the extent desired. Therefore, in response to these various research activities, the concept of business impact analysis has been introduced and developed by the author to ensure that property protection and business continuity objectives are at the forefront of new building design, whether the insurer is involved in the process or not. In order to help consulting fire engineers and architectural design teams incorporate business protection objectives in their fire safety designs, there is a requirement for the established British Standard, which defines a fire engineering procedure, to be enhanced. The author was instrumental in acquiring support from the Technical Committee within BSI responsible for maintaining the Standard, and PD 7974-8 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings- Part 8: Property protection, mission continuity and resilience (British Standards institution, 2012) has been developed and published, led by the author. This significant new Standard embeds the use of a business impact analysis as an integral part of the qualitative design review process. Without following the BIA process as described in the draft document PD7974-8, business resilience objectives may be missed within the building design phase, allowing an inferior package of fire protection measures to be incorporated into building developments. For the first time, this new document will enable the building designer to be fully cognisant of their client's critical processes and the resources required to support these processes. It will therefore enable the appropriate fire safety measures to be incorporated into the building design to enhance business resilience. Initial evaluations of this guide though various stakeholder dissemination activities and a public consultation process has been positive. The potential concerns that the evaluations have raised regarding the role of the fire engineer throughout the building design phase, and regarding the prevalence of BIA within organisations will be addressed in the guide and the way it is publicised upon its launch.
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Lin, Han. "Computational study of smoke suppression by using water mist and sprinkler fire protection system in high rise building fire." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691674.
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Taraldsson, Peter, and Ted Sunesson. "Alternative Fire Protection for CL - Timber : A Pilot Study." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296544.
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This essay is a feasibility study on alternative fire protection materials for CLT elements. The purpose isto investigate and compile reasonable alternatives to gypsum board and mineral wool which theproject can then continue to work on and to test and evaluate its fire engineering properties.The fire protection standards that exists today in Sweden and the EU for CLT elements are described inoverview as well as the process of material testing at a facility like RISE.The thesis concludes that clay in plaster and board format is a material with great potential from a firetechnical and environmental point of view and is the most suitable material to proceed with forfurther tests and evaluation.The report “Material properties of clay and lime plastics for structural fire design” by Johanna L, JudithK, Alar J, Birgit M, Siim P, 2019, reports good results for the clay's fire-technical properties and shouldbe used as guidance in the project for further studies.This essay also provides suggestions on cross sections to investigate further before testing it’s fireprotection properties.It is also clear that there is a great lack of harmonizing product standards when it comes to clay as abuilding material and that the environmental documentation is deficient compared to traditionalbuilding materials such as plasterboard. The same applies to building boards that are magnesiumoxide-based, these have also had problems with moisture and the quality assurance is uncertain.Denna uppsats är en förstudie om alternativa brandskyddsmaterial för KL-träelement, korslimmadeträelement. Syftet är att undersöka och sammanställa rimliga alternativ till gipsskivor och mineralullsom ett framtida projekt sedan kan arbeta vidare med för att testa och utvärdera dess brandtekniskaegenskaper. Krav som ställs på KL-trä ur brandskyddssynpunkt samt även hur ett materialsbrandtekniska egenskaper testas hos, till exempel, RISE beskrivs övergripligt.Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att lera i puts- och skivformat är ett material med stor potential urbrandteknisk och miljömässig synpunkt och är det lämpligaste materialet att gå vidare med förutförligare tester och utvärdering.Rapporten ”Material properties of clay and lime plaster for structural fire design” av Johanna L, JudithK, Alar J, Birgit M, Siim P, 2019, redovisar goda resultat för lerans brandtekniska egenskaper och böranvändas vägledande i projektet för vidare studier.Denna uppsats ger även förslag på tvärsnitt att undersöka vidare för att sedan testa dessbrandtekniska egenskaper.Det är även tydligt att det finns en stor brist på harmoniserande produktstandarder när det kommertill lera som ett byggnadsmaterial samt att miljödokumentationen är bristande jämfört medtraditionella byggnadsmaterial som gipsskivor. Det samma gäller för byggskivor som ärmagnesiumoxidbaserade, dessa har även haft problem med fukt och kvalitetssäkringen är osäker.
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Ng, Anthony Kwok-Lung. "Risk Assessment of Transformer Fire Protection in a Typical New Zealand High-Rise Building." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1223.
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Prescriptively, the requirement of fire safety protection systems for distribution substations is not provided in the compliance document for fire safety to the New Zealand Building Code. Therefore, the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS) has proposed a list of fire safety protection requirements for distribution substations in a letter, dated 10th July 2002. A review by Nyman [1], has considered the fire safety requirements proposed by the NZFS and discussed the issues with a number of fire engineers over the last three years. Nyman concerned that one of the requirements regarding the four hour fire separation between the distribution substation and the interior spaces of the building may not be necessary when considering the risk exposure to the building occupants in different situations, such as the involvement of the sprinkler systems and the use of transformers with a lower fire hazard. Fire resistance rating (FRR) typically means the time duration for which passive fire protection system, such as fire barriers, fire walls and other fire rated building elements, can maintain its integrity, insulation and stability in a standard fire endurance test. Based on the literature review and discussions with industry experts, it is found that failure of the passive fire protection system in a real fire exposure could potentially occur earlier than the time indicated by the fire resistance rating derived from the standard test depending on the characteristics of the actual fire (heat release rate, fire load density and fire location) and the characteristics of the fire compartment (its geometric, ventilation conditions, opening definition, building services and equipment). Hence, it is known that a higher level of fire safety, such as 4 hour fire rated construction and use of sprinkler system, may significantly improve the fire risk to health of safety of occupants in the building; however, they could never eliminate the risk. This report presents a fire engineering Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) on a transformer fire initiating in a distribution substation inside a high-rise residential and commercial mixeduse building. It compares the fire safety protection requirements for distribution substations from the NZFS to other relevant documents worldwide: the regulatory standards in New Zealand, Australia and United States of America, as well as the non-regulatory guidelines from other stakeholders, such as electrical engineering organisation, insurance companies and electricity providers. This report also examines the characteristics of historical data for transformer fires in distribution substations both in New Zealand and United States of America buildings. Reliability of active fire safety protection systems, such as smoke detection systems and sprinkler systems is reviewed in this research. Based on the data analysis results, a fire risk estimate is determined using an Event Tree Analysis (ETA) for a total of 14 scenarios with different fire safety designs and transformer types for a distribution substation in a high-rise residential and commercial mixed-use building. In Scenario 1 to 10 scenarios, different combinations of fire safety systems are evaluated with the same type of transformer, Flammable liquid (mineral oil) insulated transformer. In Scenario 11 to Scenario 14, two particular fire safety designs are selected as a baseline for the analysis of transformer types. Two types of transformer with a low fire hazard are used to replace the flammable liquid (mineral oil) insulated transformer in a distribution substation. These are less flammable liquid (silicone oil) insulated transformers and dry type (dry air) transformers. The entire fire risk estimate is determined using the software package @Risk4.5. The results from the event tree analysis are used in the cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit ratios are measured based on the reduced fire risk exposures to the building occupants, with respect to the investment costs of the alternative cases, from its respective base case. The outcomes of the assessment show that the proposed four hour fire separation between the distribution substations and the interior spaces of the building, when no sprinkler systems are provided, is not considered to be the most cost-effective alternative to the life safety of occupants, where the cost-benefit ratio of this scenario is ranked fifth. The most cost-effective alternative is found to be the scenario with 30 minute fire separation and sprinkler system installed. In addition to the findings, replacing a flammable liquid insulated transformer with a less flammable liquid insulated transformer or a dry type transformer is generally considered to be economical alternatives. From the QRA analysis, it is concluded that 3 hour fire separation is considered to be appropriate for distribution substations, containing a flammable liquid insulated transformer and associated equipment, in non-sprinklered buildings. The fire ratings of the separation construction can be reduced to 30 minute FRR if sprinkler system is installed. This conclusion is also in agreement with the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
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Van, der Klashorst Etienne. "The reliability based design of composite beams for the fire limit state." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/429.
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Alvarez, Rodriguez Alberto. "An integrated framework for the next generation of Risk-Informed Performance-Based Design approach used in Fire Safety Engineering." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/5.
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Review of decades of worldwide experience using standards, codes and guidelines related to performance-based fire protection design for buildings has identified shortcomings in the interpretation, application and implementation of the performance-based design process, wide variation in the resulting levels of performance achieved by such designs, and several opportunities to enhance the process. While others have highlighted shortcomings in the past, as well as some ideas to enhance the process, it is proposed that a more fundamental change is needed. First, the political and technical components of the process need to be clearly delineated to facilitate better analysis and decision-making within each component. Second, the process needs to be changed from one which focuses only on fire safety systems to one which views buildings, their occupants and their contents as integrated systems. In doing so, the activities associated with the normal operation of a building and how they might be impacted by the occurrence of a fire event become clearer, as do mitigation options which account for the behaviors and activities associated with normal use. To support these changes, a new framework for a risk-informed performance-based process for fire protection design is proposed: one which is better integrated than current processes, that treats a fire event as a disruptive event of a larger and more complex "building-occupant" system, and that provides more specific guidance for engineering analysis with the aim to achieve more complete and consistent analysis. This Ph.D. Dissertation outlines the challenges with the existing approaches, presents the "building-occupant" system paradigm, illustrates how viewing fire (or any other hazard) as a disruptive event within an holistic "building-occupant" system can benefit the overall performance of this system over its lifespan, and outlines a framework for a risk-informed performance-based process for fire protection design. Case studies are used to illustrate shortcomings in the existing processes and how the proposed process will address these. This Dissertation also includes a plan of action needed to establish guidelines to conduct each of the technical steps of the process and briefly introduces the future work about how this plan could be practically facilitated via a web-platform as a collaborative environment.
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David, Amanda, and Gabriel Altinsu. "Branddimensionering av stålkonstruktioner : Kostnadseffektivisering av brandskydd i industrihallar av stål." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302710.
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Stål är ett vanligt förekommande konstruktionsmaterial som används i olika typer av byggnader. Det är ett material med vilket klena dimensioner kan användas för att åstadkomma stora spännvidder och fria ytor. Däremot mjuknar stål vid höga temperaturer vilket kan innebära allvarliga skador i form av kollaps. I förebyggande syfte är det därför viktigt att brandskydda stålkonstruktioner på ett korrekt sätt. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka vilket brandskydd som är mest kostnadseffektivt genom att jämföra olika brandskydd som tillämpas i industrihallar. Studien har utförts i samarbete med Blixthuset Stålhallar och innefattar ett av deras pågående projekt där branddimensionering behövde utföras. Brandskydden som har jämförts är överdimensionering av stålprofil VKR 250X250X10, brandskivor, brandmålning och brandisolering. Initialt har lasteffekten i rumstemperatur beräknats i enlighet med Eurokoderna. Därefter har lasteffekten i brandlastfallet beräknats, följt av att den kritiska ståltemperaturen tagits fram på respektive våningsplan för både mittpelare och fasadpelare. Vid jämförelse av lasteffekterna som beräknats fram har utnyttjandegraden identifierats och därmed har behovet av brandskydd blivit känt. När den kritiska ståltemperaturen och utnyttjandegraden har fåtts fram har offerter från företag kunnat efterfrågas och en kostnadsjämförelse har därmed blivit möjlig. Studien har visat att överdimensionering av stålpelare inte är en effektiv lösning då inte ens den tjockaste profilen VKR 400X400X16 var tillräcklig tjock för att uppnå brandkravet R60. Trots överdimensionering hade stålpelarna behövt ytterligare brandskydd för att klara av brandkravet. Det dyraste brandskyddet var montering av brandskivor, följt av brandmålning och brandisolering.Steel is a commonly used construction material. It is a material where small dimensions can be used to achieve large spans and free spaces. Steel softens however when encountering high temperatures which can cause severe damage such as collapses. It is therefore with greatest importance that fire protection is designed correctly. This bachelor thesis contains a study that compares different fire protections for industrialbuildings in steel, and the purpose of the study was to find the most economic efficient fire protection. This study has been made in collaboration with Blixthuset Stålhallar where one of their projects needed fire protection to be designed. The fire protections being compared was over dimensioning steel column VKR 250X250X10, using fire gips, fire insulation and fire painting. Initially, the load effect in room temperature was designed according to the Eurocodes. Thereafter, the load effect in the fire load case was designed, followed by finding the critical steel temperature. When comparing the two load effects, the utilization could be recognized and consequently, the requisite of fire protection could be identified. When the amount of fire protection needed was determined, offers from different companies could be taken in for comparison. The study showed that oversizing is an inefficient solution of fire protecting the steel columns since even the thickest steel column VKR 400X400X16 was not thick enough to achieve the fire requirement R60. Despite oversizing the steel columns, other fire protection would still be needed. Furthermore, the study showed that the most expensive fire protection wasassembly of fire discs, followed by fire painting. The cheapest alternative was fire insulation.
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Persson, Tobias, and Oscar Hannu. "Träfasader på höga hus : Brandtekniska möjligheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89027.
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1994 ändrades den svenska lagstiftningen så att trä blev tillåtet i byggnader över tvåvåningar. Det finns vissa funktionskrav som ska uppfyllas för brandsäkerhet. Dettaarbete innehåller intervjuer med aktörer från byggbranschen som berör deras ochandra aktörers kunskapsnivå i ämnet. Möjligheter att bygga högt med träfasadpresenteras. Studien visar att flera möjligheter för att använda träfasader i höga husges i Boverkets byggregler. Olika aktörerna i byggbranschen uppfattar att de självahar goda kunskaper men att kunskapsbrister i branschen gällande brandskyddskravfinns.The Swedish legislation of building code was changed in 1994, allowingconstruction of wooden buildings over two floors. To do so there are certainfunctional requirements that must be fulfilled to obtain fire safety. This studydetermines the level of knowledge of different contractors in the constructionindustry in the subject through interviews. The possibilities of using wooden facadesin high-rise building are also presented. The study shows that several possibilities touse wooden facades i high rise buildings are possible according to the legislation.Contractors in the industry consider their knowledge to be sufficient but believesthere is a general lack of knowledge in the industry regarding fire safetyrequirements.
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LaMalva, Kevin Joseph. "Failure Analysis of the World Trade Center 5 Building." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1178.
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This project involves a failure analysis of the internal structural collapse that occurred in World Trade Center 5 (WTC 5) due to fire exposure alone on September 11, 2001. It is hypothesized that the steel column-tree assembly failed during the heating phase of the fire. The results of this research have serious and far-reaching implications, for this method of construction is utilized in approximately 20,000 existing buildings and continues to be very popular. Catastrophic failure during the heating phase of a fire would endanger the lives of firefighters and building occupants undergoing extended egress times (e.g., high-rise buildings), or relying upon defend-in-place strategies (e.g., hospitals). Computer software was used to reconstruct the fire event and predict the structural performance of the assembly when exposed to the fire. Results from a finite element, thermal-stress model confirms this hypothesis, for it is concluded that the catastrophic, progressive structural collapse occurred approximately 2 hours into the fire exposure.
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Hallqvist, Stefan, and Cherif Berkal. "Branddimensionering av CLT-element i bärande väggkonstruktioner : en komparativ studie mellan gällande normer och senaste forskningen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230963.
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I takt med en ökad miljömedvetenhet har träbyggnation börjat premieras allt mer och sedan lagändringen 1994 som innebar att det blev tillåtet att uppföra höga hus med trästomme har utvecklingen snabbt gått framåt. Att korsvis bygga upp skikt av brädor och sammanfoga dessa till element har visat sig skapa en produkt med hög hållfasthet och låg vikt som är idealisk som stommaterial vid byggnation av stora och höga hus i trä. Dessa element har många namn men kallas ofta korslimmat trä och kommer i arbetet benämnas CLT, cross-laminated timber. Dess användning har ökat markant i Sverige och Europa de senaste decennierna och än ses ingen stagnation på efterfrågan. Denna rapport behandlar relevanta teoretiska områden som måste tas i beaktning vid branddimensionering som exempelvis brandförloppet i en brandcell samt hur brandsäkerhetsklasser och brandtekniska byggnadsklasser bestäms och fastställs. Dimensioneringsmetoder av laster och hållfasthet i både brottgräns och i brandfallet förklaras genomgående för skapa en tydlig bild av hela branddimensioneringsprocessen. Brist på direkt information om hur hållfastheten av resttvärsnitten ska behandlas och beräknas har gjort arbetet utmanande men med hjälp från Maija Tiainen från Sweco structures Helsingforskontor har arbetet kunnat färdigställas och bli fullständigt. Den viktigaste delen i rapporten är dock själva inbränningen och förkolningen av elementen som beräknas med hjälp av två olika metoder. Den ena återfinns i den europeiska standarden Eurokod 5: del 1-2 och den andra, som baseras på den absolut senaste forskningen gällande träkonstruktioner och brand, är hämtad från handboken Brandsäkra trähus version 3. Den senare metoden kommer ligga till grund för en uppdatering av Eurokod 5 i framtiden. För att kunna jämföra de två metoderna och ge en nyanserad bild av dessa valdes fyra väggtyper ut som beräknades med samma förutsättningar. Det vill säga skyddade med två lager gips och utsatta för en 90 minuters ensidig standardbrand. Resultatet visade på skillnader mellan metoderna där en tydlig och definitiv sådan var storleken på resttvärsnittet då det icke lastupptagande skiktet, , visade sig vara mycket större i beräkningarna enligt metoden i Brandsäkra trähus version 3. På grund av elementens uppbyggnad, korsvis lagda skikt där endast vartannat skikt är lastbärande, betyder detta inte nödvändigtvis att det resulterar i en skillnad gällande bärförmåga i brandfallet mellan de två metoderna. Trots att metoden i Brandsäkra trähus version 3 är mer konservativ gällande bärförmåga och leder till ett mindre resttvärsnitt efter brand anser författarna att denna metod bör användas i väntan på en inarbetning av metoden i Eurokoden. Detta då den till skillnad från Eurokoden är utformad och framtagen för att kunna behandla CLT och då säkerheten är viktigast i sammanhanget måste brandens ökade påverkan på materialet enligt den senaste forskningen tas på allvar och tvärsnittet dimensioneras därefter.In recent years, a growing environmental awareness have led to an increase in timber buildings and since the 1994 amendment that made it possible to build tall houses with timber structures the progress in the field have seen an substantial increase. To build an element of perpendicularly placed layers of solid-sawn lumber have proven to be an effective way to obtain a product with good strength-to-weight ratio that is ideal for use in tall timber buildings. These elements go under a lot of different names but are often referred to as cross-laminated timber and will be called CLT in this report. The use of this product have these past decades increased substantially both in Sweden and in Europe and the demand does not seem to stagnate nor decrease in the near future. The report is comprised of relevant theoretical sections that must be taken into account when designing a structures fire protection such as the development of a fire in fire compartment, how to define and determine a structures class of fire resistance and hence required fire protection time for said structure. The basis of design in regards to loads and compressive/flexural strength of the material is thoroughly explained in order to account for the whole fire protection design processes. The lack of information regarding compressive and flexural strength of the residual cross-section was challenging but with the help from Maija Tiainen from Sweco structures Helsinki office the report could be completed. The most important part of the report is the theory and calculation with regards to the charring depth which is calculated by two different methods. The first one is presented in the European standard Eurocode 5: part 1-2 and the other one, that is based on the latest scientific knowledge with regards to timber structures and fire, is found in the technical guide Brandsäkra trähus version 3. The aforementioned method will form the basis for the upcoming update of Eurocode 5. In order to be able to compare the two methods four wall types was chosen and designed based on the same conditions. Namely protected by two layers of gypsum plasterboards as fire protection and exposed to a 90 minutes one-sided standard fire. The result showed differences between the methods where a clear difference was the size of the residual cross-section due to the fact that the zero-strength layer, , was notably larger when calculating with the method presented in Brandsäkra trähus version 3. This does not necessarily affect the elements bearing capacity when calculating with the two different methods due to the elements perpendicularly placed layers where only every other layer is load bearing. Although the method presented in Brandsäkra trähus version 3 are more conservative with regards to bearing capacity and will lead to a smaller residual cross-section the authors of this report recommend the use of said method pending incorporation into the Eurocode. The motivation for this suggestion is that the method is designed to explicitly handle CLT and since safety is the most important aspect in this context it is vital to acknowledge the apparent increased affect from a fire on the material according to the latest scientific knowledge and design the cross-section accordingly.
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Högås, Gabriel, and Rami Kuhail. "Brandteknisk dimensionering av limträkonstruktioner : En jämförelse mellan förenklad och analytisk dimensionering med avseende på materialåtgång." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad mekanik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446682.
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This thesis examines the possibility of saving material by using analytical design of fire protection of glued laminated timber structures instead of the standard simplified design approach. The thesis is based on an existing store building (building class Br2 and occupancy class 2B) where Tyréns AB has determined a fire exposure specific for the store building, which is used to simulate 30 minutes of fire. The result from the simulation is then used in this thesis to evaluate the effects of said fire on a glued laminated timber structure. The analysis results in the assumption of a laterignition, since the temperature development varies from the standard fire curve used in thesimplified design approach. The thesis consists of several steps. First a glued laminated timber structure consisting of a column and beam system is designed for load bearing capacity in the ultimate and service limit state according to Eurocode. The structure is then verified for accidental actions with fire as the main action according to Eurocode using simplified design. Subsequently the same verification is carried out using the analytical design approach with the specific fire exposure. The columns are not verified since they are assumed to be exposed to direct flame impact and immediate ignition. The columns are also required to be covered with ignition retardant protection according to BBR. The result shows that no saving in material can be obtained for lower fire classes. The main reason for this is the fact that the structure design for load bearing capacity in the ultimate and service limit state is large enough to resist fire for up to 90 minutes without structural failure. For higher fire classes than R90, a potential saving in material can be achieved by using the analytical design approach. This is however deemed irrelevant, since fire classes above R30 are uncommon for these types of buildings.I detta examensarbete undersöks möjligheten att minska materialåtgången för limträkonstruktioner genom att utföra en analytisk i stället för en förenklad brandteknisk dimensionering. Arbetet baseras på en existerande butikslokal (byggnadsklass Br2 och verksamhetsklass 2B) där Tyréns AB har tagit fram ett troligt brandförlopp i byggnaden som sedan simuleras i 30 minuter. Resultatet används i detta arbete för att utvärdera hur en limträstomme skulle påverkas vid brand i byggnaden. Analysen medför att en senare antändning för limträet kan antas, då temperaturutvecklingen ser annorlunda ut jämfört med standardbrandkurvan som används vid förenklad brandteknisk dimensionering. Arbetet består av flera steg. Först dimensioneras en limträstomme bestående av ett pelar-balksystem för butikslokalen för bärighet i brott- och bruksgränstillståndet enligt Eurokod. Sedan kontrolleras konstruktionen för ett brandlastfall med ett standardiserat brandförlopp, varpå samma kontroll utförs för balkarna enligt analytisk dimensionering med det specifika brandförloppet. Pelarna kontrolleras inte enligt det specifika brandförloppet eftersom dessa antas utsättas för direkt flampåverkan med momentan antändning. Dessutom innefattas de av ytskiktskrav enligt BBR, som kräver att de skyddas med tändskyddande beklädnad. Resultatet visar att materialåtgången inte kan minskas för lägre brandklasser. Detta beror på att dimensionerna som krävs i brott- och bruksgränstillståndet är tillräckligt stora för att konstruktionen ska klara över 90 minuters brandpåverkan utan brott. För högre brandklasser än R90 finns potential för minskning av materialåtgången genom analytisk dimensionering med ett specifikt brandförlopp. Detta anses dock inte relevant då högre brandklasser än R30 sällan förekommer i denna typ av byggnad.
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Samuelsson, Alexander, and Peter Gårdefors. "Betongfyllda HSQ-balkar : Ett alternativ till traditionellt brandskydd." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231454.
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Den brandskyddsmetod av bjälklagsbalkar som används mest idag är brandskyddsfärg och brandskyddsskivor. Dessa metoder kräver ett extra arbetsmoment efter att balken är monterad. Genom att fylla balken med betong samtidigt som hålbjälklagskarvarna fylls och på så sätt integrera brandskyddet i balken kan ett extra arbetsmoment undvikas. Byggnadstekniska Byrån har märkt ett intresse från beställare att i ett tidigt skede få in brandskyddet i projekteringen. Målet är att undersöka om betong, ingjuten i en HSQ-balk kan få balken att uppfylla de brandskyddskrav som idag ställs enligt Boverkets byggregler. Målet är även att ta reda på om det är kostnadseffektivt jämfört med brandskyddsfärg. Referensobjektet som används är en skola på tre våningar och balken som undersöks är den som tar upp de största lasterna i projektet. Balken ska enligt Boverkets byggregler klara av en standardbrand i 60 min. Temperaturanalysen av balktvärsnitten har gjorts i Ansys Aim 18.2 och dimensioneringsmetoder av balken sker enligt Eurokoder. Balken som idag finns på plats skulle inte i oskyddat tillstånd klara av en standardbrand i 60min. De utförda beräkningarna visar att balken i samverkan med betong och armering i tvärsnittet skulle klara momenten och tvärkrafterna i referensobjektet. Fenomen så som spjälkning av betong, dess inverkan på betongens hållfasthet samt armeringens vidhäftning har inte kunnat tas i beaktning. Därför rekommenderas att balkens underfläns dimensioneras upp från 20mm till 30mm och enbart betraktar den ingjutna betongen som kylande medium.
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Kaneshiro, Percy Javier Igei. "Modelagem de sistemas de proteção técnica contra incêndio em edifícios inteligentes através de rede de Petri." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-20042007-180941/.
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O sistema de proteção técnica contra incêndio (SPTCI) é um dos principais sistemas que compõem o edifício inteligente (EI), pois a eficiência do seu funcionamento afeta diretamente a segurança das pessoas e o patrimônio do prédio. O SPTCI é composto de diferentes dispositivos, estratégias de controle e atua segundo legislação específica. Devido à complexidade do SPTCI, torna-se fundamental uma modelagem adequada que permita verificar a dinâmica do sistema e sua relação com outros sistemas prediais. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe um procedimento para a modelagem e análise de estratégias de controle para o SPTCI, integrado com outros sistemas prediais dentro do contexto de EI. A abordagem considerada para este propósito baseia-se na teoria dos sistemas a eventos discretos, na aplicação de técnicas derivadas da rede de Petri e em técnicas de análise através de simulação discreta. Com esta abordagem são desenvolvidos modelos do sistema de controle do SPTCI onde é considerada a sua relação com outros sistemas prediais. Particularmente, explora-se as extensões da rede de Petri como as técnicas Production Flow Schema e Mark Flow Graph. Um estudo de caso é apresentado para ilustrar as principais características deste procedimento.From the point of view of property damage and personal security, the fire protection system (FPS) is one of the most important systems in an intelligent building (IB). The FPS is composed of several devices and control strategies. Furthermore, it must act in accordance with specific laws. As a consequence the design of FPSs is a complex task and it is very important to provide an adequate model that supports the verification of the FPS dynamics and its integration with others building systems, facilitating its test and validation. In this context, this work proposes a procedure to model in a systematic and rational way a FPS in the IB context. Considering the nature of the structure and processes of FPS the approach is based on the discrete event dynamic system theory and the application of the Petri net. Then, the models the FPS control system and the controlled plant must include its integration with other building systems. Particularly, it explores Petri net extensions such as Production Flow Schema and Mark Flow Graph techniques. Through an example it is illustrated the main aspects of the proposed procedure.
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Lundblad, Roth Rebecka, and Carlstedt Ludwig Jerräng. "Brandskydd under byggtid med BIM : Förbättringsmöjligheter för brandskyddet under byggtid i skedesstyrda APD-planer med BIM." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70059.
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Vid en brand på byggarbetsplatsen finns det risk för personskador, skador på egendom och att byggproduktionen hamnar i ett driftstopp som kan bli kostsamt. Det finns brister vid planeringen av brandskyddet under byggtid (BUB) och vid olika arbetsmoment på byggarbetsplatsen. Planeringen av BUB behöver förbättras utefter hur en byggarbetsplats, och således brandrisker, förändras under byggproduktionen. Ett förslag på hur detta skulle kunna förbättras är att BUB är med i produktionsplaneringen och redovisas på arbetsplatsdispositionsplaner (APD-planer). Arbetsmoment som kan vara en brandrisk borde också planeras tillsammans med BUB för en brandsäkrare byggarbetsplats. Brandskyddsprojektering är idag till stor del inte inkluderat i det digitala arbetssättet som Building Information Modeling (BIM) innebär. Att brandkonsulten inte är med och arbetar i BIM leder till att de fördelar som finns med samverkan mellan olika discipliner inte kan utnyttjas. Den forskning som finns rörande brandskydd i BIM idag fokuserar på projektering av den färdiga byggnaden och hur brandskydd ska kunna inkluderas i BIM. Det finns idag ingen forskning som berör både brandskydd på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM-projektering av byggarbetsplatsen. Detta leder till ett kunskapsglapp mellan BIM som arbetssätt på byggarbetsplatsen och planering av BUB. På grund av de påträffade problemområdena syftade studien till att undersöka förbättringsmöjligheter för brandskyddet under byggtid. Detta genom att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Målet med studien var att framta ett underlag till framtida arbetsmetoder där BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser används tillsammans. För att uppfylla syftet utfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Litteraturstudien gjordes för att granska publicerat material rörande BUB, byggarbetsplatsplanering med APD-planer samt BIM på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM med hänsyn till brandskydd. Intervjustudien gjordes för att få en inblick i hur personer använder sig av BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser (i praktiken). Den information som framkom från teoretisk kunskap och praktiska erfarenheter analyserades för att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Detta för att kunna överbrygga gapet som finns mellan BUB, APD-planer och användandet av BIM på byggarbetsplatser. De identifierade områden som framtagits är planering, kommunikation samt kontroll och uppföljning. För att kunna arbeta med BUB och skedesstyrda APD-planer i BIM inom de identifierade områdena finns det krav på vissa grundläggande förutsättningar. För att kunna ta fram APD-planer och göra dessa skedesstyrda i BIM-modellen krävs det utbildning för att få nödvändig kunskap och kompetens hos både projekteringen och produktionen. Det kommer också krävas ett tidigt samarbete mellan produktionen och projekteringen för att täcka alla kompetensområden som behövs vid planering av produktionen av en byggnad med BIM. För att kunna projektera APD-planer i BIM är det även en förutsättning att alla discipliner arbetar i BIM-modellen. Saknas det information, exempelvis landskap, går det inte att göra fullständiga APD-planer över byggområdet i BIM. Att ta fram skedesstyrda APD-planer där BUB inkluderas i en BIM-modell har i denna studie visat sig vara fördelaktigt inom flera områden. Att planera BUB tillsammans med APD-planer ivgör att brandskyddet på byggarbetsplatsen kan planeras med hänsyn till produktionen och att kraven går att genomföra utan att produktionen blir lidande. Med skedesstyrda APD-planer i en BIM-modell blir det möjligt att visualisera förändringarna på byggarbetsplatsen och på så vis även förutspå vilka brandrisker som uppkommer under olika skeden i byggnationen. BUB inkluderat i en BIM-modell kan vara ett verktyg för att förbättra kommunikationen på byggarbetsplatsen. Detta genom att informationen som läggs in blir mer projektspecifik vilket leder till att BUB blir lättare att förmedla, tydligare att följa och mer förståelig. Med bättre information och ökad kunskap om BUB kan kontroll och uppföljning utföras effektivare och därmed förbättra brandskyddet genom att kontrollerna utförs med en högre kvalité. Detta ger förhoppningen om att brandskydd under byggtid blir en större del av planering och projektering av byggarbetsplatsen samt leder till en säkrare byggarbetsplats.In case of a fire at a construction site there is a risk of personal injury, property damage and stop in the building production that may be costly. There are shortcomings in the planning of fire safety at the construction site and at different construction methods. The planning of fire safety at construction sites are also in need of improvements according to how a construction site, and thus risks of fire, change during construction production. This by planning the fire safety along with the production of the building and that the fire safety is presented on workplace disposition plans. Fire protection design is mostly not included in the digital work method that Building Information Modeling (BIM) implies. The fact that the fire consultant is not involved with and works in BIM means that the benefits of collaboration between different disciplines cannot be utilized. The research on fire protection in BIM today focuses on the design of the completed building and how fire protection can be included in BIM. There is currently no research regarding both fire safety at the construction site and BIM modelling of the construction site. This leads to a gap between BIM as a working method at the construction site and the planning of fire safety. Because of mentioned problem areas, the study’s purpose was to investigate improvements for fire safety on construction sites. This by mapping out conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM models. The aim of the study was to provide a basis for future work methods in which fire safety, workplace disposition plans and BIM at construction sites are used together. To fulfill the purpose, a literature study and an interview study were conducted. The literature study was conducted to review published material regarding fire safety, construction site planning with workplace disposition plans, BIM at the construction site and BIM with fire safety design. Interviews were conducted to gain an insight into how people use fire safety documents, workplace disposition plans and BIM on construction sites (in practice). The information derived from theoretical knowledge and practical experience was analyzed to map the conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans and time-dependent BIM models. This to bridge the gap between fire safety, workplace disposition plans and the use of BIM on construction sites. The identified areas that have been established are planning, communication and control and follow-up. To be able to work with fire safety and workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM model within the identified areas, there are some basic conditions that needs to be fulfilled. To be able to develop workplace disposition plans and make these time-dependent in the BIM model, education is needed to get the necessary knowledge and skills in both the design and production. There also needs to be an early collaboration between production and design to cover all areas of expertise needed in planning the production of a building with BIM. To be able to design workplace disposition plans in BIM, it is also a prerequisite that all disciplines work in the BIM model. If there is no information, such as information of the landscape, it is not possible to complete workplace disposition plans over the whole construction site in BIM. To develop time-dependent workplace disposition plans where fire safety are included in a BIM model, this study has proven to be beneficial in several areas. Planning the fire safety together with workplace disposition plans allows the fire protection at the construction site to be planned viregarding production and that the fire safety requirements can be implemented without the production being compromised. Time-dependent workplace disposition plans in a BIM model make it possible to visualize the changes at the construction site, thus predicting fire risks during different stages of the construction. Fire safety included in a BIM model can be a tool for improving communication at the construction site. This is because the information about the fire safety on construction sites inserted becomes more project-specific, which means that the information about the fire safety requirements can be easier to convey, clearer to follow and more understandable. With better information and increased knowledge about fire safety on construction sites, control and follow-up can be performed more effectively and therefore improving the fire safety by performing the controls with a higher quality. This gives the hope that fire protection during construction will be a major part of planning and designing the construction site and that this will lead to a safer construction site.
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Öberg, Andreas, and Fredrik Lejdström. "Brandskydd i byggnader med exponerad stomme av KL-trä : En kartläggning av olika brandtekniska lösningar för flerbostadshus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55205.
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Purpose: The purpose with this work has been to investigate and map selected fireprotection methods in a number of projects. The possibilities and limitations with exposedCLT have been investigated. Method: The method consists of a literature study, interviewstudy, construction site visit and survey. The literature study has been carried out with theaim of presenting relevant facts to the subject and creating a basis for the interview study.The interviews were conducted with fire consultants for the work´s investigated projects.Two of the projects also included construction site visit, of which one of the projects belongsto the partner of this work, Peab. During the visits of the construction sites a tour of thebuilding were carried out and shown where the exposed CLT was placed. The results from theinterviews and construction sites visits are the basis for the survey. Results: The resultsshow that analytical dimension of the fire protection is required when constructing multistory residence with internally exposed CLT. Limitations with exposed CLT are due, amongother things, to the fact that untreated wood does not fulfils the requirements set in BBR forthe surface layer. Delamination contributes to increased fire load as the underlaying slats areexposed to fire. The current study contains two projects carried out with exposed CLT,Notuddsparken and ETC apartment buildings. The projects have dimensioned each withanalytical dimension but with different fire protection methods. Notuddsparken has beenconstructed with automatic sprinkler systems and the ETC apartment buildings have beenconstructed with fire protection impregnation of the exposed CLT. Conclusions:Conclusions established in the work shows that when using exposed CLT analyticaldimension of the fire protection is required. Most of the fire consultants in this work haveexpressed that they do not feel comfortable with dimensioning fire protection for buildingswith exposed CLT, based on the current state of knowledge.
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Harkness, Rachel Joy. "Thinking building dwelling examining earthships in Taos and Fife /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33424.
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Konečná, Petra. "Domov pro seniory v Telnici." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225749.
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Topic of this master’s thesis is a retirement house in village Telnice. The project was designed directly for village Telnice according to their requirements. It is a three-floor construction complied with country style. The building has a saddle roof. A flat roof is used over terraces which join each floor with the outside. Construction material is brick masonry with a thermal insulation system. Parts of the diploma’s thesis are also calculations of the thermal-technical parameters and fire safety of the building, concrete structures and technical equipments of building.
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Ingelmark, Oscar. "BRANDSSPRIDNING I ÄLDRETRÄHUSBEBYGGELSE : Brandskyddsinventering av Rademachersmedjorna i centrala Eskilstuna." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29618.
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Sedan forskning inom ämnet brandskydd för byggnader inleddes på 1900-talets andra hälfthar intresset för att bygga allt högre och mer komplexa byggnader ökat. I och med detta harhögre krav på brandskydd samt lagar och regler som beskriver de olika krav som ställsutvecklats.Äldre kulturhistoriskt viktiga bebyggelser i Sverige har svårt att uppfylla dessa krav.Samtidigt som det ställs höga krav på såväl organisatoriskt som byggnadsteknisktbrandskydd spelar byggnadernas kulturhistoriska värde en avgörande roll i hur brandskyddettillåts implementeras och i vilken omfattning. Det blir därför en avvägning mellan vad som ärmöjligt att göra ur brandskyddssynpunkt och ur en kulturhistorisk aspekt. I både Sverige ochNorge har man vid brandskyddsinventeringar kommit fram till ett flertalbrandskyddslösningar som varit möjliga att tillämpa.Ett exempel på dessa kulturhistoriska trähusbebyggelser är Rademachersmedjorna iEskilstuna. På mitten av 1600-talet beordrade den dåvarande konungen Karl X Gustaf att ettflertal stensmedjor skulle uppföras i Eskilstuna. I samband med konungens död 1660 föllplanerna och endast ett 20-tal smedjebyggnader uppfördes och då istället i trä. Endast sex avdessa smedjebyggnader finns bevarade och utgör de Rademachersmedjor som området ärkänt för idag.Syftet med denna studie är att genom systematiska fältstudier skapa en översikt över ochdokumentera Rademachersmedjornas nuvarande brandskydd. Utifrån detta materialvisualiseras områdets byggnadstekniska brandskydd samt riskzoner på ett översiktligt sättför brukare, förvaltare och ägare. Vidare fokuseras arbetet på brandspridningsaspekten samtrespektive byggnads nuvarande brandskydd. Detta innebär att den kulturmässiga aspektenendast kommer att beröras översiktligt.Denna studie baseras på bedömningsmodellen Bedömning av brandskydd ikulturbebyggelse (härefter kallat BSV-k) och de delar denna omfattar. Detta innebär att detbefintliga brandskydd som inte omfattas av bedömningsmetoden inte kommer att bedömas,däremot kommer detta brandskydd översiktligt beröras i samband medbyggnadsbeskrivningarna.Av Rademacherområdets totalt 16 byggnader uppnår endast en byggnad brandskyddsnivånacceptabelt brandskydd. Detta medför att områdets totala brandskydd är bristfälligt sett urdagens brandskyddsperspektiv. På Rademacherområdet har uppmärksammats ett flertalzoner som utgör en högre risk för uppkomst av brand. Dessa högre utsatta riskzoner ärspridda över hela Rademacherområdet vilket innebär att en uppkommen brand i områdetsena del kan komma att spridas vidare till andra delar av området. I och med detta kan storadelar av området snabbt bli involverat. I dessa sammanhang är det viktigt att försöka undvikaatt brand över huvud taget kan uppstå. Sådana åtgärder är oftast av enklare karaktär och imånga fall de mest ekonomiskt fördelaktiga. Att ta bort brännbart material i anslutning tillbyggnaden, ta bort löst brännbart material på vindsutrymmen och i utrymningsvägar ärnågra brandförebyggande åtgärder som kan tillämpas på Rademacherområdet. Sådanabrandförebyggande åtgärder utgör delvis ett skydd mot brandspridning. I de fall därbyggnadernas avstånd till angränsande byggnader är mycket kort utgör potentiellabrandbärare, såsom papperskorgar och träplank, ett större hot till vidare brandspridning dåbranden har ett kortare avstånd till brandbäraren jämfört med den närliggande byggnaden.Det redan korta skyddsavståndet mellan två byggnader blir ännu mindre när en potentiellbrandbärare är placerad mellan byggnaderna. Detta innebär att branden kan spridassnabbare till närliggande byggnader och omfatta ett större område.För att nå en acceptabel brandskyddsnivå enligt BSV-k för Rademacherområdet i Eskilstunaräcker det i många fall att tillämpa brandförebyggande åtgärder, såsom att ta bort brännbartmaterial i vindsutrymmen och flytta undan papperskorgar från fasaderna.It is very important to protect buildings against fire. Especially older wooden buildings andareas with a historically important heritage, i.e. areas that cannot be restored to their originalcondition upon loss. In Eskilstuna one such area is located - Rademachersmedjorna. Onbehalf of Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB a documentation of Rademachersmedjorna’sconstructional fire protection has been conducted in this report in order to have the area'sfire protection level documented. The purpose of this study has been, via systematic fieldstudies, to provide an overview of Rademachersmedjorna and document the area’s currentfire protection level. Based on this information, a visualization of the area's constructionalfire protection and risk zones has been developed to give a simple overview for users,managers and owners. The inventory can be used by Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB for aquick and easy visualization of Rademachersmedjorna’s fire protection level and risk zones.Furthermore, this information could be used as a basis for planning future safety preventionefforts. The documentation over the area is based on the assessment method Bedömning avbrandskydd i kulturbebyggelse (hereafter referred to as BSV-k) and the parts this methodincludes. There are a total of 16 buildings at the Rademacher area and only one buildingachieved an acceptable fire protection level according to BSV-k. There are several zones inthe area that pose a higher risk for the occurrence of fire and fire spread. These highervulnerable fire hazard zones are spread out over Rademachersmedjorna which means thatthe whole area quickly can get involved in case of fire. In this context it is important to avoidfire what so ever may arise. Removing combustible material in escape routes, in attics andcombustible materials nearby the buildings are some fire prevention measures which can beapplied. It is also important to note objects such as bins and wooden planks that existbetween the buildings being potential fire carriers. In cases where the buildings distance to anearby located building is very short, the potential fire carriers pose little threat as the firecan spread directly from building to building. To achieve an acceptable level of fire protectionfor Rademachersmedjorna - according to this study's assessment method - is sufficient inmany cases to apply fire prevention.
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Fry, Zachary S. "A LABORATORY SCALE STUDY OF INTUMESCENT COATINGS FOR PROTECTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURE MEMBERS FROM FIRES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1402055149.
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Öhrling, Emil. "Brandrisker i däckhotell : Är samhällets krav på byggnadstekniskt brandskydd tillräckligt?" Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83256.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka de risker som finns i samband med brand i däckhotell, samt utvärdera om samhällets krav på byggnadstekniskt brandskydd är tillräckligt för att hantera risknivån. Samhällets krav i studien är Boverkets byggregler BFS 2011:6 med ändring till och med BFS 2020:4 (BBR) och den kravställning som sker i enlighet med förenklad dimensionering. Kraven i BBR har kvantifierats för att möjliggöra en jämförelse mellan BBR och de verkliga förutsättningar som återfinns på däckhotell. Studien behandlar enbart tre av de fem punkter som BBR baseras på. Utveckling och spridning av brand och rök inom byggnadsverket ska begränsas, spridning av brand till närliggande byggnadsverk ska begränsas och hänsyn ska tas till räddningsmanskapets säkerhet vid brand. Det finns erfarenheter kring bränder i däcklager men ingen samlad bild av hur däckhotell bör hanteras i regelverken, eller om det är förenligt med byggreglernas intention och räddningstjänstens praktiska erfarenheter att utföra insats. Hur ska då brandskyddet utformas i däckhotell för att samhällets krav ska vara uppfyllt? I ett däcklager kan det handla om flera tusen däck som lagras samtidigt. Metodval för att besvara frågeställningarna var att utifrån verkliga däckhotell tillsammans med forskning och studier inom området, genomföra en rad olika analyser. Detta för att kunna besvara frågorna kvantitativt och/eller kvalitativt. Alla frågeställningar krävde dock flera antaganden för att vara möjliga att besvara. För att erhålla något att basera antagandena mot, genomfördes en fallstudie på verkliga däckhotell. Därefter skapades fem olika geometriska modeller baserade på de verkliga byggnaderna av volym, konstruktionsmaterial och ventilationsmöjligheter. Fallstudien visade även på stor variation på antalet däck som fanns placerade i däckhotell. Dock kan det konstateras att brandbelastningen i ett däckhotell överskrider 1600 MJ/m2 golvarea. Det konstruktionsmaterial byggnaden är uppförd med har stor inverkan på temperaturen i brandrummet. Däckhotell uppförda med en betongkonstruktion ger bättre förutsättningar för de brandavskiljande komponenterna att upprätthålla den brandbegränsande funktionen, detta i jämförelse med ett däckhotell uppfört av plåt med isoleringskärna. En brandcellsgräns som utsätts för den temperaturutveckling som sker i byggnad med väggar och tak av plåt-/isoleringskonstruktion, kommer eventuellt inte att begränsa brandspridningen under avsedd tid. De två skyddsbarriärerna som anges i BBR för att begränsa brandspridning mellan byggnader är skyddsavstånd eller att ytterväggen utformas som en brandcellsgräns, men där funktionen av en brandcellsgräns blir beroende av byggnadens konstruktionsmaterial. Fungerande skyddsavstånd är under förutsättning att öppningarna i fasad är begränsade och inte är större än en normal garageport. Syftet med att skydda närliggande byggnader uppfylls därmed inte. Skyddsavståndet bör vara i relation till arean på möjliga öppningar istället för ett fast värde. Ska skyddsavståndet vara fast bör det ske reglering av arean på möjliga öppningar och begränsa storleken eller kritisk strålningsnivå som får uppkomma på närliggande byggnad. Granskning av räddningsmanskapets säkerhet var en jämförelse mellan BBR och intervjuer på hur en räddningsinsats skulle kunna genomföras. Det som diskuterades var vilka risker branden och byggnaden utgör, samt hur dessa kan påverka genomförandet av insatsen. Brandtekniska åtgärder för att ta hänsyn till räddningsmanskapets säkerhet vid insats finns inte i erforderlig omfattning, vid brandteknisk projektering enligt förenklad dimensionering. Utan tidig detektion är risken överhängande att branden är för omfattande för att användning av invändiga brandposter för begränsning ska kunna vara möjlig. Dock är den enskilt viktigaste åtgärden för räddningsmanskapets säkerhet är att säkerställa tillgången till rätt mängd släckvatten vid byggnaden. Däckhotell placerade i containers är den enda byggnadsgeometri vilken kan projekteras enligt förenklad dimensionering. Den lagringsmetoden ger bäst möjlighet till en lyckad räddningsinsats och låg riskbild, och de är den enda modellen där brandcellsgränser helt klart skulle uppfylla sitt syfte både i klass EI 30 och EI 60. Containers har normalt inga fönster eller andra likvärdiga öppningar.The aim of the thesis is mainly to investigate the risks that exist in case of fire in tire hotels and to evaluate whether society's requirements for fire protection in buildings are enough to manage this level of risk. Society's requirements in the study are Boverket's building regulations, BFS 2011:6 with amendments up to BFS 2020:4, (BBR) and the requirements that takes place in accordance with simplified design. The requirements in BBR have been quantified to enable a comparison between BBR and the actual conditions found in tire hotels. The study only treats three of the five items which BBR is based on. Development and spread of fire and smoke within the construction works is limited, spread of fire to adjacent construction works is limited and consideration has been taken to the rescue team's safety in case of fire. It exists some experience of fires in tire storage, but not a general picture of how a tire hotel should be design according to the building regulations, nor if it´s compatible with the building regulations' intention or the rescue team's practical experience of carrying out a rescue operation. The question is how the fire protection should be designed in tire hotels so that society's requirements can be fulfilled? When it can be thousands of tires which are stored at the same time in a tire hotel. The method to answer the questions was to carry out a few different analyses based on real tire hotels, together with research and studies in this area, so the questions could be answered quantitatively and/or qualitatively. However, all questions required some assumptions to be answered. To obtain something to base the assumptions against, a case study on real tire hotels was conducted. Five different geometric models were therefore created based on the buildings in terms of volume, construction materials and ventilation openings. The case study also showed a great variation in the number of tires that were stored in the hotels. Even with the variation, it can be stated that the fire load in a tire hotel exceeds 1600 MJ/m2 per floor area. The buildings construction material has a big impact on the fire temperature in the room. Tire hotels with a concrete construction provide better conditions for the fire-separation components to maintain the limiting function, in comparison with a construction of metal sheets with a core of insulation. A fire compartment boundary that is exposed to a temperature rise that occur in a metal structure, may not have the function over time it supposed to limit the spread of fire to other rooms during the intended time. BBR specifies two protective barriers to limit the spread of fire to adjacent construction, which are safety distances or that an exterior wall is designed as a fire compartment boundary. The function to limited fire spread by a fire compartment boundary is dependent on the building's construction material to fulfill its purpose. For a safety distance to work, the openings in the facade must be limited and not larger than a normal garage door. The purpose of protecting adjacent construction is therefore not fulfilled. The safety distance should be in relation to the area of openings instead of a fixed value. If the safety distance is a fixed value, the areas of openings should be regulated, if not, the size of the critical radiation that occur on an adjacent construction should be limited. Examination of the rescue team's safety was a comparison between BBR and interviews on how a rescue operation could be carried out. Under the interviews it was discussed what type of risks that are caused by the fire and the building, and how these risks can affect the implementation of the operation. The fire technical arrangements do not fulfill its purpose, to create the level of safety that are required for the rescue team when the fire technical design is according to a simplified design. Without early detection, the risk is imminent that the fire is too large for a person to use an indoor fire hydrant. The most important arrangements for the safety of the rescue team are however to ensure access to the right volume of water near the building. Tire hotels placed in containers are the only type of building which can be projected according to simplified design. This storage method provides the best opportunity for a successful rescue operation with a low risk. Containers are also the only geometric model where fire compartment boundary would clearly fulfill its purpose, in both class EI 30 and EI 60. Containers have normally no windows or other equivalent openings.
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Ingelmark, Oscar. "Brandspridning i äldre trähusbebyggelse : Brandskyddsinventering av Rademachersmedjorna i centrala Eskilstuna." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26919.
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It is very important to protect buildings against fire. Especially older wooden buildings and areas with a historically important heritage, i.e. areas that cannot be restored to their original condition upon loss. In Eskilstuna one such area is located - Rademachersmedjorna. On behalf of Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB a documentation of Rademachersmedjorna’s constructional fire protection has been conducted in this report in order to have the area's fire protection level documented. The purpose of this study has been, via systematic field studies, to provide an overview of Rademachersmedjorna and document the area’s current fire protection level. Based on this information, a visualization of the area's constructional fire protection and risk zones has been developed to give a simple overview for users, managers and owners. The inventory can be used by Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB for a quick and easy visualization of Rademachersmedjorna’s fire protection level and risk zones. Furthermore, this information could be used as a basis for planning future safety prevention efforts. The documentation over the area is based on the assessment method Bedömning av brandskydd i kulturbebyggelse (hereafter referred to as BSV-k) and the parts this method includes. There are a total of 16 buildings at the Rademacher area and only one building achieved an acceptable fire protection level according to BSV-k. There are several zones in the area that pose a higher risk for the occurrence of fire and fire spread. These higher vulnerable fire hazard zones are spread out over Rademachersmedjorna which means that the whole area quickly can get involved in case of fire. In this context it is important to avoid fire what so ever may arise. Removing combustible material in escape routes, in attics and combustible materials nearby the buildings are some fire prevention measures which can be applied. It is also important to note objects such as bins and wooden planks that exist between the buildings being potential fire carriers. In cases where the buildings distance to a nearby located building is very short, the potential fire carriers pose little threat as the fire can spread directly from building to building. To achieve an acceptable level of fire protection for Rademachersmedjorna - according to this study's assessment method - is sufficient in many cases to apply fire prevention.
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Neumann, Dorothea. "BRANDSKYDDAT TRÄ : Jämförelse mellan obehandlat, brandskyddsmålat och brandskyddsimpregnerat trä." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31341.
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Environmental issues and the housing shortage is an ongoing debate among politicians. Wood is a building material that Sweden has plenty of and it is a material that, according to research, does not contribute to as much carbon dioxide emissions during production, compared to other construction materials such as concrete and steel. Therefore the demand for timber, in both facade claddings and external wall constructions, is increasing. In light of this, the purpose with this degree project is to study different fire protection methods for wood and compare it to untreated wood. Collecting the facts and information for this degree project at Mälardalens University, is done through literature studies, surveys, and two experiments conducted on two selected fire retardants. The experiments were conducted to test untreated, fire protection impregnated and wood with fire proof paint. One of the experiments tested the load-carrying capacity of the beams after being charred with a gas burner. The other experiment investigated the surface layer and measured the fire spread rate and both experiments tested the fire resistance. The experiments that were conducted concluded that out of the three different methods for facades and beams, fire protection impregnation was the best choice in all five chosen categories: load-carrying capacity, fire resistance, surfaces, environmental impact and health safety for workers.Miljöfrågan och bostadsbristen är två pågående debatter bland politikerna. Ett byggmaterial som både är miljövänligt och lätt att bygga med är trä. Det är ett byggmaterial som Sverige har gott om och enligt forskning bidrar det inte med lika mycket koldioxidutsläpp vid produktionen jämfört med andra konstruktionsmaterial som betong och stål. Enligt äldre bygglagstiftningar var det enbart tillåtet att bygga hus med två våningar i trä. Det var godkänt att bygga hus med tre våningar om den nedersta våningen bestod utav sten och de två översta i trä. Den nya bygglagstiftningen har inga begränsningar på att använda trä i ytterväggar, oberoende av byggnadsklass så länge de uppfyller funktionskraven. Byggsektorn har varit medveten om att de fick bygga flervåningshus i trä men inte hur det skulle utföras och samtidigt uppfylla bygglagstiftningens krav. Resultatet av ändringarna i bygglagstiftningen, Boverkets byggregler, ökade efterfrågan och utbudet på brandskyddsmedel till trä. De vanligaste produkterna som finns ute för konsumenten är brandskyddsfärg och brandskyddsimpregnering. Trä kan genom brandskyddsimpregnering eller brandskyddsfärg få en brandteknisk klass enligt det europeiska systemet, EN 13501-1, upp mot B-s1,d0 som är högre än för obehandlat trä, Ds1, d0. Tekniskt sett går det att bygga Br1-byggnader med obehandlat trä, dock så krävs det ett antal åtgärder för att uppfylla Boverkets byggreglers funktionskrav, till exempel att installera automatiska släcksystem eller enbart ha trä på en begränsad del av fasaden. Med brandskyddsbehandling går det idag endast att uppnå brandteknisk ytskiktsklass B-s1,d0, vilket inte är tillräckligt enligt Boverkets byggregler som kräver lägst obrännbara fasadbeklädnader i ytskiktsklass A2-s1,d0 för att uppfylla allmänna råden. Fasadbeklädnader av trä, oavsett brandteknisk klass, kan testas med provmetoden SP FIRE 105 och därmed uppfylla föreskriftens krav på ytterväggskonstruktioner med avseende på brandspridning längs fasadytan. Syftet med arbetet är att jämföra olika brandskyddsmetoder av trä och undersöka vilken eller vilka som är bäst lämpad att använda i flervåningshus ur bland annat miljö-, arbetsmiljö- och brandsynpunkt. Detta uppnås genom en litteraturstudie som fokuserar på ämnet brandskyddsmetoder av trä och genom två försök genomfördes för att testa obehandlat, brandskyddsimpregnerat och brandskyddsmålat trä. Ett försök testade bärförmågan efter brandpåverkan, andra undersökte ytskikt, och båda försöken testade brandmotstånd. Bärförmågan testades genom att brandpåverkade reglar blev utsatta för en central punktlast i en Instron- maskin. Ytskikten prövades genom ett enklare försök baserad på testmetoden SP FIRE 105 på tre fasader. En obehandlad, en brandskyddsimpregnerad och en brandskyddsmålad. Mätningar och dokumentation gjordes med bland annat mätinstrument som plattermoelement och filmkamera. Båda typerna av brandskyddsmetoder kräver en kemisk framställning som varken är bra för naturen eller människan. Produktionen är automatiserad och därmed inte någon risk för någon människa. Den färdiga produkten är varken skadlig för miljön, människor eller djur, sålänge inte produkterna förtärs i större omfattning. Resultatet från undersökningen av de tre olika fasaderna visade att det brandskyddsimpregnerade virket klarade sig bäst i alla fem kategorier: bärförmåga, brandmotstånd, ytskikt, miljöpåverkan och arbetsmiljö. Slutsatsen är av det två typer av brandsskyddsmedel för trä som testades, är brandskyddsimpregnering den mest lönsammaste alla fem kategorier. Produkten är lätthanterad, avger inga farliga gaser och är i snitt inte dyrare än det obehandlade materialet. Dock är det viktigt att tänka på brandskyddsarbete och inte släppa på säkerheten för att konstruktionen byggs med brandskyddsimpregnerat trä.
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De, Leon Diana Fisher. "A study on forging a new front and building a new vision for tribal environmental health policy on the Colorado River Indian Reservation." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1269%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Šmíd, Radim. "Stavebně technologický projekt stanice Integrovaného záchranného systému." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392135.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is construction-technological project of the integrated rescue system station. The building is situated in the village of Týn nad Vltavou and will be used to perform the service of fire protection of the population. The thesis is focused on the design of the construction site equipment, the time and financial plan, the design of the main building machines and mechanisms, the technological specification, the control and test plan, and also the occupational safety and health protection.
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chang, Ping-hai, and 張平海. "Multi-Purpose High-Building Fire Protection Management Research." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4kh35e.
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碩士國立中山大學
高階經營碩士班
96
The urbanized congregate housing and commercial buildings have long developed towards the super high-rise, enlarged and complex composition. The application, identification, usage and administration of such buildings are more complicated than general buildings; so too the fire facilities, organization, training, operation and management. Such tendency of development on super high-rise and large buildings is evident everywhere in various cities. In the area of fire prevention, there will be greater challenges. The general public remains ignorant about disaster prevention, while government authorities do not integrate and enhance regulation on categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. Without accumulating our capabilities for fire prevention, it is likely incur the loss of countless lives and property in general buildings when disaster occurs. Since the implementation of the fire administration system in Taiwan from 1995, certain results have been achieved and further development is expected. However, it is found from literature review and questionnaire of this study that there are still many improvements to be made. Among numerous problems, “Human negligence” covers most of the cases, which also verifies the perspective discussed in the study that “people” are the keys to fire administration. Therefore, it is deemed in this study that in a super high-rise composite (general super high-rise), the caretaker, fire administrator, mutual fire administrator, professional building administration (security) company and various fire squads be the key persons to promote fire administration. Whether it is the administrational obligation of fire safety or fire rescue, the abovementioned units must link, cooperate and integrate with each other to form a group, so the capability of administrating fire safety of each super high-rise building can be controlled adequately. From various problems witnessed in this study, the following strategies are drafted to correspond with administration, which is expected to integrate the administrational level of fire safety. Under well mechanism of administration, the capacity of fire prevention can be reflected for reducing fire accidents to minimum: 1. Enhance administrative obligation and command mechanism of fire prevention for composite super high-rise buildings. 2. Establish administrative capability of fire prevention from professional building administration (security) company. 3. Regulate the categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. 4. Integrate the capacity of fire prevention, operation in fire field and building’s disaster prevention for unified correspondence. 5. Request the government to promote publication and incentive system for information on administration and examination of fire safety.
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Lee, Ming-Jyh, and 李明智. "A Study on Fire Risk Assessment and Protection System for Historic Building." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25741631890839913020.
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博士國立雲林科技大學
工程科技研究所博士班
102
ABSTRACT Monuments and historic buildings occupy precious historical and cultural heritage in an extremely important position , with a rare, special and highly historical value and other characteristics, is the wisdom of the ancients , is to study the history of the ancient world political and economic information , culture, arts , religion . Based on established scientific methods to properly assess the risk of fire prevention and fire safety mechanism of monuments and historic buildings , this study of monuments and historic buildings constructed fire risk assessment systems meet the conditions set , monuments and historic buildings in order to assess the risk of fire occurred mainly factors and the impact factor and establish quantifiable weight analysis of fire risk assessment form as develop baseline level of fire risk assessment and the establishment of self-management and inspection mechanism , but also from the collection of the fire main monuments around the world to save the more advanced countries in the prevention and regulatory point of view literature and fire prevention measures and the application of active and passive fire protection equipment compared choose to apply in the main building of monuments of passive fire protection equipment to ensure the establishment of a fire risk monuments and historic buildings and improve the mechanism of prevention and fire safety measures are . First, for the construction of monuments and historic buildings fire risk assessment system in line with China ''s national conditions , the study of relevant literature from outside the reference research and related laws and regulations analysis , simultaneous domestic monuments and historic buildings fire case data collected to analyze the reasons for and against fire various domestic and fire risk assessment method to do an integrated collection of comparison, the selected target level of fire risk assessment , five classification levels , 18 levels and 53 main factors influencing factors framework established and invite domestic construction , disaster , experts and scholars of cultural assets and property and casualty insurance association representatives, representatives of cultural authority , to explore lower-level managers and other consulting screened fire risk assessment factors and 15 and 40 and by the impact factor right job analysis questionnaire quantitative assessment of fire risk weight values from multiple perspectives in order to establish compliance with our senior professionals monuments and historic buildings suitable fire risk assessment form , and by the use of strength and advantage of selecting different types such as Huwei County Hall , Fuxing barn , church Yanagihara , Lukang Dragon Temple and other four actual case and three different areas assist the appraisal conducted comparing the difference score results ; and compare the differences between them and other evaluation methods commonly used abroad to amend the contents of the assessment method moderate , and made various other buildings assessment Act applies to local conditions scope to develop baseline level of fire risk assessment in order to make the current sheet and monuments and historic buildings managers can assess their own level of fire safety and self-inspection basis , also suitable for managers develop the " keeper of monuments and historic buildings simple fire safety checklist autonomy " Finally, for the current world monuments and historic buildings and major maintenance features and objectives of active and passive fire protection measures and fire protection equipment system for a collection of comparative and missing Longshan Temple in Lugang discovered the site and try to compile develop planning methods and procedures proposed appropriate fire protection plan and scope . In line with the international trend of more aggressive application of active and passive fire protection equipment , and made applicable to all kinds of equipment set up in the historic buildings of the active fire can develop in line with China as the future of monuments and historic buildings fire protection design performance criteria and the overall fire prevention reference establish a system in order to enable early response and improvement measures have to prevent fires in the first place .
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Chang, Chu-Pang, and 張初滂. "Seismic Design for Fire Protection Pipings and Support of High Tech Building." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29t879.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院工程技術與管理學程
106
This study is in accordance with the content of local and foreign codes and regulations to discuss the seismic design of the local fire protection regulations. The design flow charts of the fire protection piping and seismic piping support are developed to reduce the design duration and increase the engineering efficiency. The seismic design of fire protection piping includes the installation of flexible coupling and vibration isolator, the increase of the penetration opening clearance etc. For seismic support design, the Lateral Bracing, Longitudinal Bracing, Four-Way Swing Bracing need to be considered especially.
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Richards, P. L. E. "Characterising a design fire for a deliberately lit fire scenario : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fire Engineering at the University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1779.
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CHANG, CHI-YUAN, and 張啟原. "A Study on Monuments and Historic Building Fire Protection Mechanism – Case in Taichung City." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/594swv.
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碩士中州科技大學
機械與自動化工程系
104
Monuments and historic buildings are records of history, humanities habits and all the wisdom of centuries of art .Because the past type of construction and materials of construction are different from modern buildings,past buildings can not be compared to the fire performance rating of modern buildings.Once it’s subjected to fire damage,the building and cultural relics will be destroyed.Cultural and historical values and education will subsequently die. There are many diffrences between the type of monuments and historic buildings and the type of modern buildings. For the preservation of monuments and historic buildings , maintaining the original status is a primary target.If we only consider the problems of security,we will neglect to preserving architecture of cultural history .Setting the legal fire safety equipment but not suitable for visual impact or cultural preservation will damage value and the original of cultural monuments . Of course, we can reached the fire prevention goals of monuments and historic buildings by the way of "management,and get involved in setting fire safety equipment without damaging the original appearance and important cultural monuments to assess their applicability carefully. This study explore fire behavior of mounments and historic buildings at first and explore hardware and software of fire protection mechanism of monuments and historic buildings by the cases of fire disaster at home and abroad as well as relevant laws.It is monuments and historic buildings of Taichung City as the object of research object to learn reuse situation , analyze the present status of the potential danger ,fire safety equipment,and fire management in order to propose improvement measures to reduce the risk of fire monuments . For fire safety device settings, existing national regulations could undermine the appearance, does not meet the space images .It is humanistic point of view , beautiful, easy to use, efficient , economic, and cultural assets in line with space images , both environmental protection , city , water, discussion on the fire safety equipment design concepts and applicability in this study.
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Chang, Hsiang-shou, and 張祥壽. "A Study of Fire Protection Safety and Examination Operations of Building Interior Finish Works." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82361277120406915945.
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碩士中原大學
室內設計學系
87
Safety of fire protection and examination operations are very much related topics. Both of them involve public safety and application legalization. Safety of fire protection is especially a professional technique and is difficult to be comprehended by common interior finish subcontractors. Currently, even the technicians completing training programs and/or certified professional technicians have difficulty in carrying out fire protection safety and examination operations. To understand the situation, one may find that the main problem is no regulation for interior finish in the past. Therefore, the Government announced Regulation of Building Interior Finish Management to formally manage the interior finish. Unfortunately, there is only a single rule in the regulation and it is widely applied. It covers the area of material management and overall fire protection safety system such as the alteration of building division. Also, there are too many diversified opinions due to the implementation cooperation in a review process. The single rule is not suitable in solving all kinds of current problems. It happens because few researches concentrate the study of fireproof safety in interior finish design, and the related regulation and material inspection are attached to Architects and become impractical. Actually, interior design is essential in environment development and it has great influence in popular living quality and public safety. It becomes very crucial in raising the quality of interior design personnel, improving training process, widely publicizing related regulation and government''s management system. This research investigates the problems induced in fire protection techniques and examination operations since the regulation of building interior finish was carried out. Proper examination operations include qualification review of technicians, legalization of space application, and complete concern of material management.
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莊國士. "Performance-based Designs of Fire Protection Systems for Historical Buildings － A Case Study of Ex-Taiwan Railways Administration Building." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mmba4n.
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碩士中央警察大學
消防科學研究所
100
Abstract The heritage and historical building fire cases were reported frequently reported in recent years, because the heritage and historical building lack capacity of fire prevention. They have no ability to withstand the fire. It’s an important issue that how to improve the fire ability of the heritage and historical building and to maintain the significance of the heritage and historical building. This study infers what fire-fighting equipment is suitable for the heritage and historical building, and taking a case study of ex-Taiwan railways administration building. To act in concert with the ex-Taiwan railways administration building investigation and the main fire reason of the heritage and historical building leads us to know that the automatic sprinkler is suitable for heritage and historical building. And to attain the aim of the heritage and historical building that the more fire protection and the less damage. Keywords: Heritage and historical buildings, Performance-based design, Automatic Sprinkler.
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Lu, Shui-Chen, and 呂水琛. "The Study of Radio Frequency Identification on Fire Protection Management of High Technology Factory Building." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82904144819299197154.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班工程技術與管理組
97
ABSTRACT Fire explosions are one of the main safety threats in hi-tech factories. In order to avoid these disasters, not only should we instill safety in the design of factory structures, equipments, piping, and passageways, but also install standard operating procedures with safety as a priority. Furthermore, we should plan for precautionary measures in building a safe working environment and a sustainable future. The management of fire protection safety equipments has been one of the most important tasks in the field of public safety and safety environmental issues in the private sector. In the past, we used to record all maintenance information of fire protection safety equipments on paper. This in-effective method has caused a significant bottleneck in the maintainability of these equipments, leading to fire protection safety equipments not being available when they are in need. Therefore, this research provides a methodology to apply RFID technology with an Assets Management Model in order to effectively help maintenance personnel record and manage the fire safety equipments within the facility. It also utilizes the Assets Management System in the examination of fire protection safety equipments to reduce public safety risks. Keywords: fire protection safety equipments, radio frequency identification model (RFID), assets management model
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Chen, Chun-Yuan, and 陳珺元. "The Efficiency Impacts of Building Fire protection Refuge Facilities -Taking Department Stores as an Example." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hzkuub.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
105
Due to the change in consumers’ consumption patterns in recent years, most domestic department stores have transformed into diverse composite shopping malls, and are now the most visited and used place by the local population. However, relevant research on the evacuation and escape of people from department store buildings is scarce. Numerous department stores conform to the rules and regulations and meet the requirements for common path of travel and staircase total width, but have relatively poor staircase configurations and evacuation designs, which were compromised in order to improve per ping efficiency during the building designing process. This has caused safety concerns with evacuation. Focusing on items that the current regulations are unable to verify, SimTread software was employed to simulate department store cases to investigate the effectiveness and obstacles of building staircases, and then to propose a plan of evacuation and safety in the pre-design stage of buildings. Using a certain department store as the simulation object, this study analyzed the simulations, and compared the simulations on evacuating people from the buildings with those achieved previously to ensure the safety of department store consumers during fire evacuations. The results are as follows: 1. Although the department store selected by this study conforms to the current regulations, and the simulation shows that several staircases have been built, two thirds of the staircases are still unable to achieve the expected effectiveness, seriously reducing the safety of evacuees. 2. Buildings with evenly-spaced staircases and with wider entrances and exits can effectively reduce stagnation of evacuees’ movement and greatly reduce the evacuation time. 3. The simulation results from SimTread enable us to understand the items that cannot beverified by the current regulations and the technical manual for verifying performance of building fire prevention and evacuation. This is helpful in pre-designing buildings as well as in evacuating people.
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LIN, PZU-MEI, and 林慈美. "A Study of Verification of Fire Protection Planning and Refuge Routes in Buildings-A Case Study of an office building." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3fb5a2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華科技大學
土木防災與管理碩士班
101
With the increasing level of economic growth, current capacity of office buildings is unable to meet the demands. Nowadays, the construction of office buildings has developed in the form of a large-scale and complex building in which to align with its needs and requirements. As result of that, it is required to design accordingly against its refuge planning in order to assure personal life as well as property safety. The study is based on the relevant literature review and theoretical framework with aims at discussing evacuation safety planning of buildings, and goes depth in various parameters in the area of construction planning. To analyze and study with respect to the functionality of evacuation safety within a building, in this paper, it employs a fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software and the technical manuals in terms of fire prevention and refuge safety while construction planning, which consist of refuge route planning and safety zone planning. This study investigates the design and procedure of fire prevention and refuge performance, including FDS model and the introduction of criteria of refuge. This study also analyzes a case study of refuge route planning by looking at an office building, thereby providing solutions to its construction planning accordingly. FDS model and Smokeview software were applied to simulate parameters of temperature, visibility, CO concentration, CO2 concentration within a fire scene, and the conclusion and suggestion are derived accordingly. The case study shows that the evacuation time of expected crowd being evacuated to outdoor areas of an observed building in the use of refuge route is 13.22 minutes (820 seconds), which is less than the settling time of floor smoke dust (25.49 minutes), and it is acceptable. In addition, FDS simulates that fires raged from the art hall located on the ground floor with two scenarios: (1) smoke reservoir (2) smoke reservoir and mechanical ventilation. During the simulation, in scenario (1), the measured temperature and CO concentration were both not high, against the standard (temperature ≦ 60℃ and CO concentration ＜1400ppm), whereas O2 concentration was remained higher than the required standard (12%), and CO2 concentration was in standard (CO2 concentration ≦5%). In other words, all figures above are in standard except the visible distance was less than 10m, which may cause the difficulty of evacuation. Meanwhile, in scenario (2), the measured temperature, visible distance, CO concentration, O2 concentration and CO2 concentration were both in standard (temperature≦60℃, visibility ≧10m, CO concentration ＜1400ppm, O2 concentration>12%, CO2 concentration ≦5%), which meets the refuge safety demands, and ensures the people safety within the building.
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Olynick, Darryl Michael. "An expert system for the fire protection requirements of the National Building Code of Canada 1990." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17748.
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Ghannam, Mohamed. "Behaviour of concrete-filled stainless steel columns under fire conditions." Thesis, 2015. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:29976.
Full textAbstract:
Concrete-filled steel tubular columns are currently used in a large number of structures. Conventionally, carbon steel tubes have been used to fabricate the composite columns, but it is now widely believed that stainless steel is a beneficial and innovative alternative material. Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant, it is highly durable, performs well in fire conditions, and it is easily maintained. One of the main advantages of stainless steel is its attractive architectural appearance, which has encouraged engineers to use it in a range of different structures. The initial high cost of stainless steel is offset by its lower lifetime cost, since it requires less maintenance than carbon steel. The amount of stainless steel needed is reduced by filling hollow structural sections with concrete. Because of this, concrete-filled stainless steel tubes (CFSST) have the potential for wide use for structural members. Fire safety is of great concern in structural design. This thesis describes a study of the behaviour of CFSST columns in fire conditions. First, the literature was reviewed to obtain a better understanding of the behaviour of concrete-filled stainless steel and carbon steel composite columns in fire situations. All the available and reliable fire test data that has accumulated on the subject of concrete-filled carbon steel tubular (CFST) and CFSST columns was compiled and used to validate the numerical models of heat transfer and stress analysis developed in the thesis. Two kinds of fire tests were carried out on CFSST columns. Six columns of either circular or square cross-section were subjected to fire-resistance tests in which each column was subjected to a given constant load level at ambient temperature, then heated until the column failed. Another six columns were tested in simulated post-fire conditions to investigate their strength deterioration, wherein each column was subjected to a constant load at ambient temperature and heated for a certain time, then left to cool to ambient temperature while the load was maintained. Following the heating and cooling phases, the applied load was increased until the column failed. The effects of different parameters were studied in the test program: load level, the existence of steel reinforcement or not, section type (circular or square) and the effect of initial imperfections in the column. A photogrammetrical method was adopted for measuring the initial imperfections in the column prior to testing and to measure the axial and lateral deformations and strains during the tests. The data obtained from the tests (e.g., temperature developments, axial and lateral deformations, fire resistance times and failure modes) have increased the understanding of the performance of CFSST columns under different fire conditions. The test data was also used to verify the proposed finite element modelling approach in which a finite element model, based on ABAQUS software, simulates the behaviour of CFSST columns while taking account of the measured initial imperfections and profile of each stainless steel tube. A simplified finite element model is also proposed, which assumes a sinusoidal shape for the overall buckling mode of the columns. This simplified model was verified by comparison with the present test results, and also by reference to test results reported by others. The influences of different parameters on the behaviour of the CFSST columns were also investigated, and the differences in the behaviour of stainless steel and carbon steel composite columns were recognised. A new simplified program based on the finite difference method was developed using MATLAB software to calculate the temperature field in both types of steel columns during fire exposure. Finally, simplified design guidelines are proposed for CFST and CFSST stub columns and for slender CFSST columns. The guidelines show the calculated allowable load capacity for specific columns at different fire rating times. Design examples illustrate the use of the proposed simplified design methods. Practical design tables have also been compiled to show the temperature field for columns of different dimensions and different fire duration times. Other design tables are also presented for the calculation of the load capacity of CFSST and CFST columns.
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何景文. "An evaluation study on the service quliaty of building fire protection equipment inspection:an empirical study of Taichung." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e8u5p4.
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Yen, Chun-Mu, and 顏春木. "Apply TRIZ Methods to Improve Ship Structural Fire Protection Plan Design ─ Case by One Ship Building Company of Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jzt5v8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
103
Since ancient times, the ship is international and regional exchange of main marine transport cargo and personnel transport, about ninety percent of the goods are transported by sea, and People in all activities at sea are required depending on the ship, the ship towards the large-scale and diversified development, also contributed to the construction of global ship number growth, people on the transport and use are more dependent on ship. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of maritime navigation on the ship of life, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted by the international SOLAS conference on November 1, 1974, the entry into force of the 1974 SOLAS Convention (1974 SOLAS Convention). The main contents of the Convention include the ship inspection certificate, ship certificate, ship construction, fire protection and lifesaving equipment, safety of navigation, radio communication equipment, grain transport and the transport of dangerous goods regulations in many ways. In this study, it aims at one requirement of the regulations which is the planning and design of fire protection for ship structural, in order to improve the structural fire protection zoning, planning of cabin area and fire protection material applied device, through the application of TRIZ theory in the analysis of problems and the Root Contradiction analysis, analysis of the set design process need to improve the crux of the question. Through the assistance of 'Contradiction Matrix', '39 parameters', '40 Innovation Principles' of TRIZ methods, conduct structural fire protection plan, finally developed as a Segmentation, asymmetry, transition into a new dimension, copying, Equipotentiality and changing the color and other methods, under in compliance with SOLAS specifications for design improvement can effectively reduce costs. The shipyards can reduce the annual cost for over 11.7 million dollars, equivalent to 38.3 percent reduction in operating costs for fire protection in engine room, and to reduce the quantity of CO2 fire extinguish to 8.7%, statistics of constructs the 8,000TEU and the 6,000TEU six Container vessels respectively by a year, after improving the design. In addition, the cost can be saved and to shorten the construction period process, This paper further develops a standard design process, reduce the amount of material used in both field and the best construction conditions, Completed in accordance with the requirements of SOLAS ship structural fire design drawings.
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Chen, Chien-Ming, and 陳建銘. "A Study on Improvement in Evacuation Safety Performance of Existing Residential Building Stairwells--The Improvement Method and Effect Analyses of Building Fire-protection Refuge Facilities." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hrz7v5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
94
About 70% of deaths in buildings caught on fire are caused by smoke and the “Stack Effect” generated by the vertical stairway space is the main cause that amplifies smoke. This study focuses on old congregate housing, provides methods to improve the fire-safety facilities in vertical stairways, and discusses the effectiveness of each method in order to provide references for increasing the ease of escape and safety performance in old congregate housing. The simulation tools utilized in this study include the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the “Building Fire Escape Safety Inspection Technical Manual.” Improvement methods such as adding fire doors, increasing the smoke-control performance of fire doors, and adding straight stairs have been input as variables. A simulation calculation focusing on the scene of a fire and escape from vertical-core congregate housing buildings was conducted and the simulation results were then compared in order to analyze the performance of each improvement method. The study shows: 1.The safety performance of straight stairs in buildings needs to be ensured. Basically, a fire door that meets the smoke-control standards of CNS 11227 needs to be placed at each unit’s entrance point as well as in the stairways. 2.Among different improvement methods, the method of increasing the fire door's smoke control performance to meet the ISO 5925（test chamber） standard has proven to be the most effective, followed by the methods of increasing a fire door's smoke control performance to meet the CNS 11227 standard, installing door closers, adding in safety zones in stairways, and installing straight stairs. However, only the first two methods meet the escape safety standard. 3.Safety in stairways does not have a positive relationship with the distance from the fire scene. 4.Smoke reduces the range of visibility, causing the greatest influence on personnel evacuation.
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Zhou, Yi-Hong, and 周䴊宏. "A Study of Fire Protection of Multi-Span Metal Building- A Case Study to Jhonghua Village’s Factory in Shulin District." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhmcn5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東南科技大學
營建與空間設計系營建科技與防災碩士班
105
Taiwan is a narrow and long island with a dense population. Among the numerous plants established in Taiwan, a portion of operators choose to set up plants in metal buildings. However, metal buildings have poor fire-resistant abilities and cannot stop fire from spreading; thus, when a fire occurs, metal buildings often cause serious casualties and property losses. In addition, some of these metal buildings are attached buildings. When a fire burns through the compartment wall and spread across the neighboring space, the fire intensity grows even stronger and extinguishing the fire thus becomes more difficult. This type of fire can only be curbed by protection measures to prevent it from spreading. This study investigated attached metal buildings, discussed whether these buildings are unlawful, explored relevant regulations on the buildings, and proposed adjustment to the existent Fire Services Act to regulate both legal and illegal metal buildings. Emphasis should be placed on fire prevention and management systems that require business operators to take responsibility for the safety of their buildings. In addition, the government should strictly implement the punishment as regulated in Building Act for any one arbitrarily constructing or using illegal constructions. An attached metal building region for plants in Zhonghua Village, Shulin District, New Taipei City was selected as the empirical case for fire rescue simulation , which was employed to consider on-site situations and develop feasible fire prevention and rescue strategies for attached metal buildings. The results can serve as a reference for future scholars and help protect people’s life and property.
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Govender, Stanton Wesley. "Parametric studies on the temperature dependent behaviour of steel structures within a fire context." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9120.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical and material properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures play
an important role in structural fire design. The South African 350W and S355 structural
steels are common in building structures with S355 slowly replacing the older 350W. The
cost and feasibility of full scale fire tests are some of the causes for the lack of
experimental data on the behaviour of steel structures when exposed to fire. Therefore
excessively conservative design codes based on isolated laboratory experiments are used
in practice which leads to increased material costs. Another area of concern with respect
to building safety is the reusability of structural steels post fire exposure, which is not
effectively addressed within these codes.
This study aims to establish greater insight into structural fire design and simulation on
which further research can be built. Experimental programs on the temperature
dependent behaviour of these steel members loaded axially are conducted and compared
with theory and the Eurocode 3 standard [1]. The reusability of steel exposed to fire and
after being cooled down is investigated and compared to the findings by Outinen [2].
Further testing on material to determine the relationship between remaining life and
hardness degradation after cooling down was conducted.
Experimental data from various external studies are used to develop novel computer
models using the finite element analysis software, SimXpert [3]. These are verified against
the original data and compared to existing design codes. A parametric approach is used
with these models to demonstrate the advantages of computer simulations in structural
fire design. Different cross sections and slenderness ratios are evaluated for their
susceptibility to buckling at elevated temperatures.
The results of this study show that as temperature and exposure time increase the
integrity of steel members decrease. The current design codes accurately predict the
behaviour of isolated specimens but lack data on real situations where the specimen is
part of a complex structure. It was found that steel members can be reused if their
exposure temperature does not exceed 700°C, after which their strength can reduce to
90%. This temperature dependant behaviour was successfully modelled using basic
computer simulations and then demonstrated the ease in which they can be used in place
of experimental regimes. The parametric advantages of these simulations were
demonstrated by predicting the effects of slenderness ratios and geometry cross sections
on the buckling behaviour.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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YAN, CHEN JHENG, and 陳政彥. "Investigation of the sustainable management of fire protection and rescue on historic building —A case study of The Lin’s Family Manshion and Garden." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85590656680374411787.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東南科技大學
防災科技研究所
100
Most monuments and historic buildings are built with wooden materials in Taiwan, which results in tremendous loss whenever fire disasters occur. Restoration can merely recover the building structures, but hardly represent the historic singularity and priceless value of monuments. Moreover, the government promotes domestic sightseeing actively and widely with peculiar sites like historic buildings or regional monuments, in hopes of entertaining and educational purposes that people can enjoy those scenic spots and appreciate the reborn of historic buildings with refreshing appearances. This study investigates the potential risks in the sustainable management according to the unique and precious essential of monuments and historical buildings. In addition, the legality and practical arrangement of fire prevention management and fire-fighting equipments will be discussed. Furthermore, the overall strategy from the initial notification system to the late stage fire rescue actions will be fully discussed in order to avoid the occurrence of massive and secondary damage, and to provide the consideration concerning the restoration design and management for current historic buildings in Taiwan.
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Chun-Chin, Lin, and 林春錦. "The study of the legitimate building to change performance of fire protection the use to consideration carry out research the mechanism:a case study of study of Taipei city." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15363804973733947316.
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Lin, Fan-Ru, and 林凡茹. "Seismic Evaluation Methods for Fire Protection Sprinkler Piping Systems in Buildings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89250601970130503737.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
105
Based on recent earthquakes experiences in Taiwan, losses do not necessarily result from damages of building structures but non-structural components. For instance, the leakage of the fire protection sprinkler systems in hospitals during small earthquakes could results in shortage of medical function and fire protection, and malfunction and repairs of medical equipment. The break of sprinkler systems caused by strong earthquakes could even harm the life safety. Taking a medium-scale hospital as an example, this research aims to conduct a simplified seimic evaluation method to to improve seismic performance of the fire protection sprinkler system in critical buildings. The content of this research is summarized below: 1. Assessment procedure for seismic performance of nonstructural systems: Based on the FEMA P-58 performance evaluation framework, in order to decrease the uncertainty of the assemsment results of the seismic behaviors of nonstructural system in buildings during extremely strong motions, modified assessment procedures for calculations of seismic performance and fragility analysis of nonstructural systems are proposed in this study. 2. Numerical model of the sample sprinkler piping system: a simplified numerical model of the fire protection sprinkler system in the sample hospital was established for fragility analysis with SAP2000 v.15 software. Proper parameters to simulate the threaded joint of piping and the gap between adjacent partition walls or ceiling systems were proposed and verified by the results of component tests and shaking table tests. Ambient vibration tests in the sample hospital were conducted with velocimeters to clarify the structural characteristics of the building structure and the sprinkler piping system. 3. Fragility analysis of sprinkler piping systems: seismic fragility curves the fire protection sprinkler system in the sample hospital were conducted according to a mount of detailed analysis results and verified by the real damage state under Chia-Shen earthquake. The effects of parameters on fragility results are discussed, and a simplified fragility analysis procedure for sprinkler piping systems in buildings was suggested for engineers as well. 4. Simplified seismic evaluation method for sprinkler piping systems: according the tests and detailed analysis results, the seismic behavior of typical sprinkler piping systems in hospitals can be estimated by the information obtained from in-situ survey. The conservative level and accuracy of simplified evaluation results were verified by fragility analysis results.
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Ya-Ting, Chan, and 詹雅婷. "Researching of Improvement in Fire Escaped Systems & Fire Protections for Existing Buildings by Rule." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13011226030324316729.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
建築與古蹟維護研究所
91
“ The basic science of fire prevention engineering ”has been used in many developed countries (as United State, England, Canada, Japan, etc.) to promoted their building improvement in fire prevention techniques，which used as the base of enactment or amendment of fire prevention rule for existing building. For enforce the fire preventions and escaping systems of existing building, our country had been enacted “the rule of improved in fire escaped systems and fire protections for existing building” in the Architectural Code since February 15, 1995. There are 18 items in the whole chapter of this rule before, and then it was amended on October 18, 2001. According this rule, all existing building must obey and improved their fire escaped systems and fire protections as fire prevention to assure the user security and public safety. The owner of most existing building have not improved their building in the escaped systems and fire protection because the restricted factors of building structure 、dimension of spaces、 and site location , etc., even if they would be punished by the law or restricted the building use. But the fact tell us, executed existing building improvement and the rule could not be coincided, and if we do not improved the old building, the circumstance would be not safety for the user or public people. It was so difficult to resolve in these problems that it was interesting as a thesis to researching and studding. Existing building, particular in public use, where still are as living room、 shopping shop 、 and acted space for the most people, so that still exist all the living organization such as fire use、 electric power supply、 lights etc., The fire is not predicted factor at any time. In the other site, the progress society there are many society problems including arson whose action could not prevented, and even natural event about earthquake、 typhoon, it could be make fire so that the existing building improved their fire escaped systems and fire protections more and more importance than before and not be neglected. About problems were this study purpose, the research from the existing building improved in the fire escaped system and fire protection, to study、 to analysis the fire rule of develop country. According the basic investigation、organization of the data file of existing building, we could suggest the cases which not only would be executed and match the fire rule, but also could be as the reference in the amended rule at next time. Coincided with the rule and executive way to existing building could be improved in fire prevention that could be protected the user security and public safety and also to reach this research purpose.
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Peng, Hsu-Yang, and 彭旭陽. "Evaluation of Promoting Fire Protection Safety and The Management of Aged Buildings." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t9pjzf.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
102
Traditionally when the government authorities deal with fire protection safety, the laws to comply with fire-fighting equipment are mostly considered the economic useful life or physical useful life of buildings, which often lead to controversy. This study uses the fuzzy theory in order to investigate the fire protection safety of aged buildings and enhance the management of the most suitable policy, how to both minimize the cost of fire-fighting equipment installation and promoting aged buildings fire protection safety quality. This work studied the evaluation of promoting fire protection safety and the management of aged buildings to analysis and assessing the policy priority order within the current condition and predicament. The Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) is applied to evaluate and, ultimately, select every feasible alternative mode. The Analysis Hierarchy Process Method(AHP method) is also applied to compute relative weight or significant of every evaluation criterion，meanwhile,and by using the Technique of Order Performance by Similarity Ideal Solution Method (TOPSIS) for the alternation evaluation and selection priority order. In both methods, we constructed four assessment levels and fourteen evaluation criteria to get the most proper policy. It is not only helps the policy-making enhance decision quality but also provides the actual needs during the decision process.