Academic literature on the topic 'Fire extinguishing balls'

This paper examines the potential use of fire extinguishing balls as part of a proposed system, where drone and remote-sensing technologies are utilized cooperatively as a supplement to traditional firefighting methods. The proposed system consists of (1) scouting unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to detect spot fires and monitor the risk of wildfire approaching a building, fence, and/or firefighting crew via remote sensing, (2) communication UAS to establish and extend the communication channel between scouting UAS and fire-fighting UAS, and (3) a fire-fighting UAS autonomously traveling to the waypoints to drop fire extinguishing balls (environmental friendly, heat activated suppressants). This concept is under development through a transdisciplinary multi-institutional project. The scope of this paper encloses general illustration of this design, and the experiments conducted so far to evaluate fire extinguishing balls. The results of the experiments show that smaller size fire extinguishing balls available in the global marketplace attached to drones might not be effective in aiding in building fires (unless there are open windows in the buildings already). On the contrary, results show that even the smaller size fire extinguishing balls might be effective in extinguishing short grass fires (around 0.5 kg size ball extinguished a circle of 1-meter of short grass). This finding guided the authors towards wildfire fighting rather than building fires. The paper also demonstrates building of heavy payload drones (around 15 kg payload), and the progress of development of an apparatus carrying fire-extinguishing balls attachable to drones.

Обоснованы преимущества использования зернистых фильтров в системах аспирации производственных помещений, в которых образуется и обращается горючая пыль. Рассмотрены некоторые известные конструкции, имеющие достаточно узкое применение, однако перспективные для обработки взрывоопасных пылегазовых потоков. Дано описание лабораторного стенда и приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса фильтрования зернистыми фильтрами, подтверждающие необходимость контроля взрывоопасных ситуаций в работе пылеуловителя. Предложен автоматизированный способ контроля аспирации для предупреждения взрывоопасных состояний фильтра.There is a large number of technological operations associated with the treatment of combustible dusts at production facilities. Such industries include food, pharmaceutical, woodworking, metalworking, textile and other industries, the main technological equipment of which is supplemented with aspiration systems. According to the requirements of ecology, labour protection and fire safety, this system must include a dust collector. When choosing a dust collector for such systems granular filters are found particularly effective. They allow to precipitate combustible dust. The article presents the known constructions of granular filters, the narrow application of which is associated with insufficient study of their operation with explosive flows. Therefore, the authors developed an experimental stand and analyzed the operation of different filters: with metal balls, screws, peas and pea mash, grain, which can be used as filter material. During the experiment it was found a state in which the filter operation is explosive. According to the results of the analysis, the criteria for the descriptions of normal and explosive operation are introduced - the criteria of geometric form, characterizes the filter and dust - K, and the rate of filtration - T. Numerical values of criteria are given for automated control of the filter operation. The automated control method of the filter allows to make the operation of the aspiration system more efficient and prevents explosive situations by timely regeneration and replacement of the layer, taking into account the calculated value of criteria K and T. In the scheme there are shown fire extinguishing modules, which are triggered by sensors when the temperature rises above normal.

The development of each fire in a solid waste storage area is unique and depends on the typeof material stored, the design and type of storage, the weather conditions and moisturecontent, the way the initial phase of the fire is handled, the type and quantity of equipmentand material available for extinguishing the fire, and the number and level of trainedpersonnel available. This paper describes briefly two large fire events occurring in two wastestorage areas: one registered as two consecutive events in Sweden (2006) where the wastewas stored as hardly-compacted heaps; and one in Denmark (2005) where the waste wasstored in round bales with plastic. Best practices to avoid fire events in waste storages, as wellas the experience and knowledge acquired during fighting of these fires and handling ofremained material are presented. Recommendations based on lessons learned are presented.

У статті розглядається потенційне використання куль для пожежогасіння як частина запропонованої системи, де спільно використовуються безпілотники та технології дистанційного зондування в якості доповнення до традиційних методів пожежогасіння.
This article examines the potential use of fire extinguishing balls as part of a proposed system, where drone and remote-sensing technologies are utilized cooperatively as a supplement to traditional firefighting methods.

Abstract Objectives/Scope This paper presents the variety of possibilities that this new technology can offer and how we can apply those technologies to optimize our HSE and take preventive measures that will be economically and humane solutions to crises. New technology, including Artificial Intelligence & Robots, does not necessarily mean it will replace human jobs and human judgment but will be used as tools to minimize hazards in critical situations and helps to solve the problems in a faster and efficient way. Methods, Procedures, Process The recommended technology to fight fire in hazardous zones can be described as a “firefighting drone.” This drone can be considered a faster and safer approach for fire suppression that can respond to any fire alarms and fly in narrow places inside the live plant, crude oil storage tanks, and navigate quickly to exact fire location without any fear of crashing it to anything and eliminates the risk of reaching high rise buildings where it is not secured and has low visibility. One such method is a firefighting drone that carries fire extinguisher balls, where it mainly consists of dry powders that contain melamine phosphate as an extinguishing component. This extinguishing ball works as a fire auto hydrant that is attached to the drone. This mechanism helps the drone carry the fire extinguisher balls to any place and throw the ball into the fire to suppress it. The main advantage of such fire extinguisher balls is its lightweight comparing to water, and it is environmentally safe and harmless to the human body if used in hazardous zones such as oil and gas plants. Results, Observations, and Conclusions Studies show that fire extinguisher balls have high extinguishing effectiveness and serve a wide range of applications. Results show that around 0.5 kg ball size has the ability to extinguish a 1-meter radius. This paper explains how easy its to build such a drone. However, due to the nature of this application using thermal resistance material is a must, and utilizing Artificial Intelligence will enhance the drone capabilities & will help to improve firefighting methodology. This type of drone is designed to be used in very high-temperature conditions and can be controlled safely from a ground station manually where you can see the fire location and assess the situation without the need to be there and wait for the fire team's presence. Novel/Additive Information With the use of the new lightweight fire extinguish ball, we can enhance the typical current firefighting method for small and medium-scale fire, where it puts out the fire faster & help us prevent it from growing to a more significant fire. The ultimate goal of this drone is to save the life of firefighters, plants, and equipment. Since the oil and gas industry is of high importance in the UAE, using proper and enhanced HSE measures will maintain our assets and avoid crises that will have a massive impact on business continuity.