Journal articles on the topic 'Fire emergency environment'
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Wang, Bin, Haijiang Li, Yacine Rezgui, Alex Bradley, and Hoang N. Ong. "BIM Based Virtual Environment for Fire Emergency Evacuation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589016.
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Recent building emergency management research has highlighted the need for the effective utilization of dynamically changing building information. BIM (building information modelling) can play a significant role in this process due to its comprehensive and standardized data format and integrated process. This paper introduces a BIM based virtual environment supported by virtual reality (VR) and a serious game engine to address several key issues for building emergency management, for example, timely two-way information updating and better emergency awareness training. The focus of this paper lies on how to utilize BIM as a comprehensive building information provider to work with virtual reality technologies to build an adaptable immersive serious game environment to provide real-time fire evacuation guidance. The innovation lies on the seamless integration between BIM and a serious game based virtual reality (VR) environment aiming at practical problem solving by leveraging state-of-the-art computing technologies. The system has been tested for its robustness and functionality against the development requirements, and the results showed promising potential to support more effective emergency management.
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Bayat, H., M. R. Delavar, W. Barghi, S. A. EslamiNezhad, P. Hanachi, and S. Zlatanova. "MODELING OF EMERGENCY EVACUATION IN BUILDING FIRE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-321-2020.
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Abstract. One of the main problems of rescue workers in confrontation of fired complex buildings is the lack of sufficient information about the building indoor environment and their emergency exit ways. Building information modeling (BIM) is a database for building a 3D model of building information to create a 3D building geometry network model. This paper has implemented some GIS and BIM integration analyses to determine the shortest and safest paths to people under fire risk and simulate their movement in the building. Plasco building was a multi-story shop in Tehran which has been fired in 2017 and destroyed. This paper attempts to simulate the firefighting and rescue operations in Plasco Building using an integration of BIM and GIS. There is no detailed information about the building and the fire incident, therefore the developed BIM and corresponding geometric network might differ slightly. The shortest and safest paths to the exit door or windows where the fire ladders are located are computed and analyzed. As a result of 15 scenarios developed in this paper, it was found that at 87% of the cases, the safest paths for the emergency exit of the people at risk were longer than the shortest paths. This study has evaluated different scenarios for the shortest and safest paths using Dijkstra algorithm considering different origins and destination points in the 3D indoor environment to assist the rescue operations.
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Jiang, Aiyin, Yunjeong Mo, and Vamsi Sai Kalasapudi. "Status quo and challenges and future development of fire emergency evacuation research and application in built environment." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (August 2, 2022): 781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.038.
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Fire emergency evacuation study has been conducted for decades. In recent two decades, the fire emergency evacuation studies have been incorporating new technologies due to the high demands on efficient and safe evacuation for occupants who have various needs. The proposed fire emergency evacuation system from academic research and solutions from industry practices adopt different technologies to serve various evacuees. Therefore, this study conducts literature review to understand the status quo of current fire emergency evacuation research and practice. It shows that fire emergency evacuation studies mainly focus on the facility operation stage instead of design and construction stages. The facilities include residential buildings, education buildings, subways, shopping centers, etc. Three critical factors affect efficient and safe fire emergency evacuation in a built environment – facility physical features, fire characteristics, and human behavior. This study categories these new technologies, which are incorporated into the fire emergency evacuation research and practices within the recent two decades, into four groups: (1) Facility geometrical analysis, which includes the technologies such as BIM, GIS, VR and the combination of BIM/GIS/VR (2) Fire and smoke simulation, e.g. FDS and Pyrosim. The simulation output such as fire and smoke dynamics is incorporated into intelligent fire evacuation system (3) Crowd evacuation simulation software, e.g. Pathfinder, Massmotion; the output of simulation is used to develop personalized evacuation system (4) Indoor positioning system and mobile device/IoT technology to track and evacuate occupants intelligently. This study presents these new technologies used in the fire emergency evacuation systems and indicates that the development of an intelligent and personalized emergency evacuation system, which may track the evacuees in real time, is the future research trend.
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Almeida, Sherri-Lynne. "Houston fire department pioneers latex-safe prehospital environment." Journal of Emergency Nursing 23, no. 3 (June 1997): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90007-6.
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Jia, Jingyun, Xiantao Chen, and Qiang Sun. "Surrounding Environment and Civil Airport Fire Emergency Management Based on Big Data Simulation." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9050406.
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The new generation of information and communication technologies represented by the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing are developing rapidly. Through continuous integration with other emerging technologies, the Internet of Things technology accelerates its penetration into the fields of smart medicine, new energy, and materials. In this article, we will explore the airport peripheral environment and civil airport fire emergency management. In airport emergency management, bird strike and fire management are the most frequent problems. Bird strikes most often occur in aircraft take-off, taxi, and landing areas. Therefore, the study of airport environmental characteristics is particularly important. In order to improve the emergency support capability of the civil airport fire department and the level of airport operation support, it is necessary to clarify the factors that affect the emergency support capability of the airport fire department. This article is based on the research of the airport surrounding environment of Big Data Internet of Things and applies it to the research of civil airport fire emergency management, which improves the emergency ability of airport firefighters.
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Iglesias, Virginia, Natasha Stavros, Jennifer K. Balch, Kimiko Barrett, Jeanette Cobian-Iñiguez, Cyrus Hester, Crystal A. Kolden, et al. "Fires that matter: reconceptualizing fire risk to include interactions between humans and the natural environment." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 045014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5c0c.
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Abstract Increasing fire impacts across North America are associated with climate and vegetation change, greater exposure through development expansion, and less-well studied but salient social vulnerabilities. We are at a critical moment in the contemporary human-fire relationship, with an urgent need to transition from emergency response to proactive measures that build sustainable communities, protect human health, and restore the use of fire necessary for maintaining ecosystem processes. We propose an integrated risk factor that includes fire and smoke hazard, exposure, and vulnerability as a method to identify ‘fires that matter’, that is, fires that have potentially devastating impacts on our communities. This approach enables pathways to delineate and prioritise science-informed planning strategies most likely to increase community resilience to fires.
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Habibah, Ayu Nilasari, and Irma Cahyaningrum. "The Implementation of Fire Emergency Response in the Central Java Oil and Gas Company." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v11i1.2022.21-32.
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Introduction: Oil and gas business activities are one of several sectors that have a high risk of accidents, fires, explosions, and environmental pollution. This makes the company implement preparedness in the face of fire emergencies to be implemented by all workers so that the risk of fire can be minimized and the work environment is in a safe condition. The purpose of this study is to describe the fire emergency response system. Methods: This study was analyzed using a descriptive method and used a cross-sectional study design. The research location was in the Central Java Oil and Gas Company from February-April 2017. The data used were primary and secondary data with the researched variables including potential fire hazards, facilities, and fire prevention. Results: One of the potential hazards that exist is fire hazard potential. The facilities available as part of the emergency response system are an active protection system consisting of the provision of extinguishers, hydrants, fireboxes, foam chambers, water sprinkles, fire alarm systems, fire pumps, and fire cars. Meanwhile, the passive protection system consists of evacuation routes, muster points, evacuation maps, posters, and warning signs. Fire prevention consists of the formation of a fire-fighting team, training, simulation, and SOP containing technical execution. Conclusion: This oil and gas company has implemented an emergency response system especially for fires by facilitating active and passive protection facilities. The company has also established a fire suppression system as part of its fire emergency response system.Keywords: emergency response, fire, prevention, risk
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Al-Kaff, Abdulla, Ángel Madridano, Sergio Campos, Fernando García, David Martín, and Arturo de la Escalera. "Emergency Support Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Forest Fire Surveillance." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020260.
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The advances in autonomous technologies and microelectronics have increased the use of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in more critical applications, such as forest fire monitoring and fighting. In addition, implementing surveillance methods that provide rich information about the fires is considered a great tool for Emergency Response Teams (ERT). From this aspect and in collaboration with Telefónica Digital España, Dronitec S.L, and Divisek Systems, this paper presents a fire monitoring system based on perception algorithms, implemented on a UAV, to perform surveillance tasks allowing the monitoring of a specific area, in which several algorithms have been implemented to perform the tasks of autonomous take-off/landing, trajectory planning, and fire monitoring. This UAV is equipped with RGB and thermal cameras, temperature sensors, and communication modules in order to provide full information about the fire and the UAV itself, sending these data to the ground station in real time. The presented work is validated by performing several flights in a real environment, and the obtained results show the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed system, against different weather conditions.
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Zhong, Bin, Lin Zhang, Xiao Ping Li, and Zhang Yang. "Research on Subway Fire Emergency System Based on Virtual Roaming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.655.
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Due to the special nature of the fire at subway station, the traditional fire simulation and fire drills are difficult to carry out. It is difficult to obtain accurate data of fire, and emergency program design is also difficult to achieve the greatest degree of optimization. This paper discusses the advantage of virtual roaming technology, builds the model of subway station by 3Dmax. By webmax virtual roaming we can build the virtual tour system of subway station fire emergency, which provides the user with a fire simulation environment of metro station. At the same time, we also introduce the corresponding key technologies and the overall program system which we have designed. More methods for optimizing the fire emergency plan also have been provided.
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Song, Y., L. Zhao, M. Wei, H. Zhang, and W. Liu. "MODELLING TECHNOLOGY FOR BUILDING FIRE SCENE WITH VIRTUAL GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-391-2017.
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Building fire is a risky activity that can lead to disaster and massive destruction. The management and disposal of building fire has always attracted much interest from researchers. Integrated Virtual Geographic Environment (VGE) is a good choice for building fire safety management and emergency decisions, in which a more real and rich fire process can be computed and obtained dynamically, and the results of fire simulations and analyses can be much more accurate as well. To modelling building fire scene with VGE, the application requirements and modelling objective of building fire scene were analysed in this paper. Then, the four core elements of modelling building fire scene (the building space environment, the fire event, the indoor Fire Extinguishing System (FES) and the indoor crowd) were implemented, and the relationship between the elements was discussed also. Finally, with the theory and framework of VGE, the technology of building fire scene system with VGE was designed within the data environment, the model environment, the expression environment, and the collaborative environment as well. The functions and key techniques in each environment are also analysed, which may provide a reference for further development and other research on VGE.
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Abdusalomov, Akmalbek Bobomirzaevich, Mukhriddin Mukhiddinov, Alpamis Kutlimuratov, and Taeg Keun Whangbo. "Improved Real-Time Fire Warning System Based on Advanced Technologies for Visually Impaired People." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 7305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197305.
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Early fire detection and notification techniques provide fire prevention and safety information to blind and visually impaired (BVI) people within a short period of time in emergency situations when fires occur in indoor environments. Given its direct impact on human safety and the environment, fire detection is a difficult but crucial problem. To prevent injuries and property damage, advanced technology requires appropriate methods for detecting fires as quickly as possible. In this study, to reduce the loss of human lives and property damage, we introduce the development of the vision-based early flame recognition and notification approach using artificial intelligence for assisting BVI people. The proposed fire alarm control system for indoor buildings can provide accurate information on fire scenes. In our proposed method, all the processes performed manually were automated, and the performance efficiency and quality of fire classification were improved. To perform real-time monitoring and enhance the detection accuracy of indoor fire disasters, the proposed system uses the YOLOv5m model, which is an updated version of the traditional YOLOv5. The experimental results show that the proposed system successfully detected and notified the occurrence of catastrophic fires with high speed and accuracy at any time of day or night, regardless of the shape or size of the fire. Finally, we compared the competitiveness level of our method with that of other conventional fire-detection methods to confirm the seamless classification results achieved using performance evaluation matrices.
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Lorek, Marlena. "NATIONAL FIRE-FIGHTING AND RESCUE SYSTEM IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 139, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5585.
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Each country must develop a system to protect the security of its citizens against the dangers that lie before them and their sense of security. A threat is any situation in which there is a likelihood of a dangerous condition for the environment, including people. This article discusses the position of the national rescue and fi re-fi ghting system in crisis management during the occurrence of states of emergency.
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Liu, Chang, Maohua Zhong, Xiangliang Tian, Peihong Zhang, and Shuwen Li. "Study on emergency ventilation for train fire environment in metro interchange tunnel." Building and Environment 147 (January 2019): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.022.
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Lorusso, Paola, Melissa De Iuliis, Sebastiano Marasco, Marco Domaneschi, Gian Paolo Cimellaro, and Valentina Villa. "Fire Emergency Evacuation from a School Building Using an Evolutionary Virtual Reality Platform." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020223.
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In the last few years, modern technologies such as numerical simulations, virtual and augmented reality, and agent-based models represented effective tools to study phenomena, which may not be experimentally reproduced due to costs, inherent hazards, or other constraints (e.g., fire or earthquake emergencies and evacuation from buildings). This paper shows how to integrate a virtual reality platform with numerical simulation tools to reproduce an evolutionary fire emergency scenario. It is computed in real time based on the building information model and a fluid dynamic software. A specific software was also used to simulate in real time the crowd dynamic in the virtual environment during the emergency evacuation process. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, the emergency fire evacuation process for an existing school building is presented. The results show that the proposed virtual reality-based system can be employed for reproducing fire emergency scenarios. It can be used to help decision-makers to determine emergency plans and to help firefighters as a training tool to simulate emergency evacuation actions.
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Maria, Puspa, Kamali Zaman, and Rahmi Indrasuri. "Analisis Penerapan Proteksi Kebakaran (APAR) di Dinas kesehatan Inhil Tahun 2021." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2954.
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Fires are an event that can occur anywhere in forests, land, settlements and buildings whose incident cannot be expected and predictable. As a means of rescue if a fire occurs is a light fire extinguisher, emergency ladder, and an emergency door. APAR use is one way to prevent and overcome fire so that it is no bigger that causes losses even casualties. To identify and make countermeasures on the source of hazard in the work environment. This research method is to give qualitative research with the design of Rappid Assessment Procedure. Data collection is done by observation, direct interviews and audit documents. To set priority problems using the brainstorming method and determination of alternative problem solving using fish bone analysis and matrix intervention plan. The results of the identification of the problem are the unavailability of appars in the Indragiri Hilir District Health Office. The problems obtained are the existence of APAR installation in the Inhil Health Office Building, lack of knowledge of legislation on fire protection systems, the incomplete equipment for fire protection systems, and funding obtained is not enough to budget the purchase of APAR.
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Ahmadu, H. A., M. O. Idrees, D. M. Omar, A. Yusuf, O. A. Ipadeola, A. K. Alade, and A. O. Abdulyekeen. "Evaluation of Fire Disaster Emergency Response Capacity using Open-source Data and Response Time Analysis in Ilorin Metropolis." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 5, no. 2 (October 2021): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2021.02.0281.
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This study evaluates the response capacity to fire disaster emergency response system in Ilorin metropolis using Open-source data and response time analysis. Road and street information were obtained from Geofabrik. In addition, coordinates of fire service stations and fire disaster risk spots, specifically fuel and gas stations were acquired using Garmin 76X handheld GPS. Using the relationship of the length of road segments and speed, the travel time was computed in ArcGIS 10.4 environment. With the Network analyst tool, the response capability of the fire stations was evaluated at different response times (1, 2, and 3 minutes) based on service area coverage. The results showed that the fire stations could only cover 0.24%, 0.68%, and 1.22% of the service area within 1-, 2- and 3-minute response time, respectively, whereas 97.86% of the metropolis requires longer time (>3 minutes). Finding from this study has revealed the inadequacy of the existing fire disaster emergency response system to effectively cover the city. This will be useful for local and state governments in policy directives on strengthening fire disaster emergency response structure.
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Дроздова, Татьяна, Tatyana Drozdova, Р. Суковатиков, and R. Sukovatikov. "Predictive Assessment of Fire Danger Zones at Emergency Events on Oil and Gas Condensate Field." Safety in Technosphere 7, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c35e598a10a24.89134124.
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The aim of the work is to estimate the distribution zones of gas-air clouds with fire-dangerous concentrations during accidents at the booster pump station of the oil and gas condensate field. Methods. Simulation of emergency situations was performed in case of equipment leakage using the TOXI + Risk software package. The analysis of emergency events associated with the release of combustible substances during the depressurization of equipment (separator) has shown the probability of occurrence and spread of combustible gas-air clouds in the environment with concentrations corresponding to the concentration limits of ignition creating the danger of fires.
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Bhawana, Sushil Kumar, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Mufti Mahmud, Omprakash Kaiwartya, and Jaime Lloret. "BEST—Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Trusted Public Emergency Services for Smart Cities Environment." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 5733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155733.
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In the last few years, the Internet of things (IoT) has recently gained attention in developing various smart city applications such as smart healthcare, smart supply chain, smart home, smart grid, etc. The existing literature focuses on the smart healthcare system as a public emergency service (PES) to provide timely treatment to the patient. However, little attention is given to a distributed smart fire brigade system as a PES to protect human life and properties from severe fire damage. The traditional PES are developed on a centralised system, which requires high computation and does not ensure timely service fulfilment. Furthermore, these traditional PESs suffer from a lack of trust, transparency, data integrity, and a single point of failure issue. In this context, this paper proposes a Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Trusted (BEST) framework for PES in the smart city environment. The BEST framework focuses on providing a fire brigade service as a PES to the smart home based on IoT device information to protect it from serious fire damage. Further, we used two edge computing servers, an IoT controller and a service controller. The IoT and service controller are used for local storage and to enhance the data processing speed of PES requests and PES fulfilments, respectively. The IoT controller manages an access control list to keep track of registered IoT gateways and their IoT devices, avoiding misguiding the PES department. The service controller utilised the queue model to handle the PES requests based on the minimum service queue length. Further, various smart contracts are designed on the Hyperledger Fabric platform to automatically call a PES either in the presence or absence of the smart-home owner under uncertain environmental conditions. The performance evaluation of the proposed BEST framework indicates the benefits of utilising the distributed environment and the smart contract logic. The various simulation results are evaluated in terms of service queue length, utilisation, actual arrival time, expected arrival time, number of PES departments, number of PES providers, and end-to-end delay. These simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the BEST framework.
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Upadhyay, R., G. Pringle, G. Beckett, S. Potter, L. Han, S. Welch, A. Usmani, and Jose Torero. "An Architecture for an Integrated Fire Emergency Response System for the Built Environment." Fire Safety Science 9 (2008): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.9-427.
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Meng, Fanxing, and Wei Zhang. "Way-finding during a fire emergency: an experimental study in a virtual environment." Ergonomics 57, no. 6 (April 3, 2014): 816–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.904006.
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Yang, Xiu Jun. "Approach Emergency Ventilation System of Long Highway Tunnel in Fire Case." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.323.
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Ventilation system of highway tunnel is the key factors of keeping normal operations. In addition to the normal operation of keeping tunnel environment, the need to control the spread of smoke and meet requirements of escape and rescue work in fire case. This article describes the design guidelines of emergency ventilation system for different types of road tunnel. This article will help long highway tunnel ventilation system to improve the ability to deal with fire, improve operational safety.
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Maleta, Yulia. "Playing with fire." Journal of Sociology 45, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309335647.
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This article considers the roles, identities and experiences of female emergency services volunteers, most of whom are active fire fighters, within a regional brigade of the NSW Rural Fire Service (RFS). It is based on interviews and explores how women both adapt to and resist the culture and in the process are transforming it. RFS women were motivated by values of camaraderie, skill and community participation. Their experiences were informed by inclusion and exclusion, and the complex association of gender and competence with physical strength and leadership. Drawing upon the Foucauldian insight that power is never simply repressive but productive and relational, the findings demonstrate how women actively negotiate their position as a collective and as individuals within a mixed gender environment. This article concludes that the demonstrated prowess and agency of women within a non-traditional work context is changing and transforming the cultures and practices of rural fire fighting.
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Ramya, S., P. Pallavi, G. Radhika, and Mrs A. Jyothi. "Forest Fire Detection Using Wifi Module and Camera Surveillance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42674.
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Abstract: Forest fires result in extreme damage to the ecosystem and cause serious threats to the environment. The response time of emergency teams greatly affects the consequences and losses caused, so preserving forests and making efforts into improving the existing approaches to stop fires should be our main concern. The proposed system detects fire by taking a few natural variables into consideration such as temperature, humidity and smoke. The realtime monitoring of these elements takes us one step closer to our goal, the camera surveillance and Wi-Fi module help us monitor the values of respective variables at an instant to make the system efficient. In case of fire, the temperature sensor, smoke sensor and fire sensor give alert to the system through the Wi-Fi module and the help can immediately reach the affected area and take necessary steps to make the losses minimum. The camera surveillance helps us analyse the spread of the fire to ensure necessary equipment is being taken and also helps in finding the cause of the fire Keywords: Wifi module, Camera surveillance, Fire detection, Buzzer, Camera, Mobile application
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Atyabi, S., M. Kiavarz Moghaddam, and A. Rajabifard. "OPTIMIZATION OF EMERGENCY EVACUATION IN FIRE BUILDING BY INTEGRATED BIM AND GIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-131-2019.
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Abstract. Building Information Model (BIM) is a database, which makes a detailed 3D geometrical model with rich semantic information of building, go beyond the standard Computer-Aided Design approach. BIM could be as an ideal source to store, formation model and analyses spatial information of internal environments. GIS is an effective tool for analysing the constant and dynamic variables in small areas such as indoor environments. Therefore, integration of the BIM and GIS is useful for integrating the internal environment and networks for designing optimal routes in emergency evacuation problems. Increasing complexity of high-rise buildings and underground structures lead to much more complication in urban disaster management. One of the main challenges in disaster management and emergency evacuation is to guide people in optimal routes to reach safe areas. In this paper, in order to create optimal routes in internal environments and create an internal geometric network model based on the internal nodes and edges, BIM of a 3D commercial building located in the 8th district of Tehran, was made and transferred to the ARCGIS that enables us to use routing algorithms to find the optimize routes between both internal positions. Flammability, occupancy load, width of exit access and distance of fire point criteria were considered to find the safest routes in emergency evacuation times. Network Analysis and Ant Colony's algorithm were applied for finding the safest routes. The results indicated that the Network Analysis was better in terms of processing time and finding short and safe paths related to the Ant Colony's algorithm.
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Novanandini, E. R., O. C. Dewi, and Y. S. Nugroho. "Evaluation of fire safety maintenance of an educational laboratory facility." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 933, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/933/1/012029.
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Abstract This paper aims to evaluate fire safety systems of educational building laboratories by exploring the passive, active systems, and fire safety management. The evaluation was carried out in the University Integrated Engineering Lab in Depok City based on the applicable standards and regulations in Indonesia. Educational laboratories require a high-level safety measure against potential fire hazards due to the nature of the activities and equipment used. A reliable fire protection system and fire safety maintenance program are required to provide a comprehensive safety working environment. Lack of maintenance of fire safety systems is one of the causes of fires in educational laboratories. Triangulation methods consisting of field observation, interview, and document review were applied in this study along with descriptive and comparative analysis. Measurements by means of AutoCAD and Dialux simulation were carried out to support the evaluation process. The results show that the main features of the fire safety systems are installed in these laboratories according to the applicable standards and regulations. However, this study reveals that it is necessary to repair the walls, rearrange the sprinkler’s head spacing, add fire extinguisher, sort waste, and establish a fire emergency response team and safety organization.
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Prisyajnyuk, V., S. Semychayevsky, M. Yakimenko, and M. Osadchuk. "ON JUSTIFICATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS AND METHODS OF THEIR EVALUATION OF SPECIAL FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-290-295.
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During the elimination of emergencies, fires and their consequences, units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine work in a specific environment, which is due to adverse factors affecting them. Fire hazards are manifestations that cause or may lead to burns, poisoning by volatile combustion products or injury or death, causing material and other damage. Dangerous factors of fire include: fever, smoke, deterioration of the gas environment. To date, a number of different (both in terms of technical characteristics and type) special protective equipment is used to perform the tasks assigned by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, which may not always protect the firefighter from the effects of certain dangerous factors that occur in a fire. The current national standards in Ukraine set only the minimum technical requirements for such equipment, which are insufficient to identify substandard products that fall into the equipment of these units. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of such low-quality protective equipment, it is necessary to study all possible risks and dangers that arise during emergency response by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and develop reasonable requirements for special protective equipment and appropriate test methods. The above determines the relevance of the study aimed at implementing in Ukraine modern requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation. This is necessary to implement the requirements of the Technical Regulations for construction products, buildings and structures in order to ensure the safety of rescue teams during firefighting. In order to assist in solving this problem at the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Protection by order of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine plans to conduct research on "Substantiation of quality indicators and methods of assessing special protective equipment firefighter" (topic code: Protective equipment - indicators quality "), which will develop a draft national standard of Ukraine, which sets requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation.
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Dong, Hua, Qiang Wei, Qingqing Zhang, Lanlan Fang, and Weiran Cui. "Escape route in subway under fire emergency: An experimental study in virtual reality environment." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 25 (January 13, 2020): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2020.os9-15.
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Amol, Dhumal Rashmi. "Prediction of Fire Propagation in Forest Areas using Genetic Algorithm." ITM Web of Conferences 32 (2020): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203203046.
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Forest fire causes significant damages to environment and living organisms. It becomes troublesome to recover from the consequences of forest fire. The early and accurate prediction of forest fire propagation in forest area will help in fire management efforts. The models required for prediction of forest fire spread requires many parameters and which are not known precisely during the emergency. So there is a need of intelligent system to model and predict the propagation of forest fire to reduce the consequences of forest fire and minimize the management efforts. In this work, we have discussed different techniques available in literature for forest fire prediction. This paper also describes the implementation and analysis of prediction of forest fire propagation using Genetic Algorithm and Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming.
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Hansen, Rickard. "Pre-incident planning of fires in underground hard rock mines: old and new risks." Australian Journal of Emergency Management 10.47389/36, no. 36.4 (October 2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.4.68.
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Fires in underground mines may pose a challenge to fire and rescue personnel where the complex environment and multiple influences of a fire are poorly considered during pre-incident planning. A better knowledge of pre-incident planning in underground mines would improve the safety of personnel. This study on pre-incident planning in underground mines applied data from experiments, inventories and design fire studies. A number of questions were considered related to information sources, fire modelling, capturing complexity and using fire scenarios. When performing fire modelling, empirical models could be used to complement other modelling tools. The study found that for modelling of spatially extensive mine sections, the use of ventilation network-based mine fire simulations could be a better option. Using an analytical toolbox, an iterative testing of plans and an ongoing planning process, the pre-planning challenges for a mine can be mitigated. The purpose of this study was to examine existing pre-incident planning and propose information sources, tools and specific actions for future plans.
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Niemiec, Marcin. "Status ochotniczych straży pożarnych w Niemczech." Prawo 326 (December 20, 2018): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.326.7.
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The status of volunteer fire brigades in GermanyVolunteer fire brigades have existed in Germany since the mid-19th century. There are belong to the category of public fire brigades next to professional and mandatory fire brigades. They are performing public tasks of the community in the field of fire protection. They are also the basis for the system of this protection at the national level. They provide technical assistance in combating the effects of disasters, in the emergency service and in removing threats to the environment. They are based on the voluntary and social involvement of their members, and only partly on full-time professionals.
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Richard, D., H. Beguin, and D. Peeters. "The Location of Fire Stations in a Rural Environment: A Case Study." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a220039.
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In this paper an application of location-allocation modelling to an emergency service is presented. This study differs in two aspects from earlier work because it covers two neglected fields: (1) it is concerned with a rural environment whereas most case studies are about urban areas; (2) it is a comparison of the performance of several models instead of using only one. Efficiency as well as equity are taken into account. The main conclusions are about the issues of the choice of an appropriate model from 3 candidate models, the stability of the solutions with respect to variations in the number of facilities, the quasi-nested structure of some solutions, and the high cost of introducing equity.
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Kim, Younghyun, Boseb Kim, and Jongjin Jung. "Analysis of Sound Pressure and Frequency Characteristics of Fire-Alarm Bells and Electronic Sirens." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.5.115.
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In the event of fire, how quickly occupants can hear, see, and/or smell the fire and then exit the building are important for reducing the number of potential casualties. After a person or an automatic fire-detection system detects a fire, an installed emergency alarm system is used to alert building occupants about the fire. The emergency alarm system plays an important role in alerting the occupants to the fire by emitting a high-pitched sound when the fire is initially detected. Although bells and electronic sirens can both be used in fire-alarm systems, usually only bells are used in most commercial fire alarms except for a few fire extinguishers. Recently, however, the development of circuit integration technology and subsequent competitive pricing and improved performance have fostered an environment favorable for the widespread application of electronic sirens. However, because electronic sirens that emit various sounds will likely confuse building occupants used to hearing familiar-sounding conventional fire-alarm bells, electronic sirens must be engineered to sound like conventional fire-alarm bells. Therefore, in this study, experiments were conducted to measure the specific sound pressure and frequency characteristics of commercially available fire-alarm bells and electronic sirens, and their characteristics were reviewed. In addition, the differences between the bells and sirens were analyzed to develop a plan for supplementing warning sounds of electronic sirens.
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Birajdar, Gajanand S., Rajesh Singh, Anita Gehlot, and Amit Kumar Thakur. "Development in building fire detection and evacuation system-a comprehensive review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 6644. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6644-6654.
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Fire is both beneficial to man and his environment as well as destructive and deadly among all the natural disasters. A fire Accident occurs very rarely, but once it crops up its consequences will be devastating. The early detection of fire will help to avoid further consequences and saves the life of people. During the fire accidents, it is also important to guide people within the building to exit safely. Because of this, the paper gives a review of literature related to recent advancements in building fire detection and emergency evacuation system. It is intended to provide details about fire simulation tools with features, suitable hardware, communication methods, and effective user interface.
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Hwang, Jooyeon, Chao Xu, Robert J. Agnew, Shari Clifton, and Tara R. Malone. "Health Risks of Structural Firefighters from Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084209.
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Firefighters have an elevated risk of cancer, which is suspected to be caused by occupational and environmental exposure to fire smoke. Among many substances from fire smoke contaminants, one potential source of toxic exposure is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The goal of this paper is to identify the association between PAH exposure levels and contributing risk factors to derive best estimates of the effects of exposure on structural firefighters’ working environment in fire. We surveyed four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for this systematic literature review. Generic inverse variance method for random effects meta-analysis was applied for two exposure routes—dermal and inhalation. In dermal, the neck showed the highest dermal exposure increased after the fire activity. In inhalation, the meta-regression confirmed statistically significant increases in PAH concentrations for longer durations. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on occupational exposures to PAH in fire suppression activities. More research into uncontrolled emergency fires is needed with regard to newer chemical classes of fire smoke retardant and occupational exposure pathways. Evidence-based PAH exposure assessments are critical for determining exposure–dose relationships in large epidemiological studies of occupational risk factors.
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Dong, Sihui, Kang Wang, and Chenxu Jia. "A Study on the Influence of Rail Top Smoke Exhaust and Tunnel Smoke Exhaust on Subway Fire Smoke Control." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074049.
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The special emergency plan for subway fires in China stipulates that when a fire occurs at a train stop, it is necessary to confirm whether the fire mode of the tunnel ventilation system is implemented. Because of the setting mode of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust in the station track area, the smoke exhaust at the rail top and tunnel cannot operate at the same time. To study the influence of rail top smoke exhaust and tunnel smoke exhaust on subway fire smoke control when a train stops at a station, we take an island station as an example. A 1:1 full-scale numerical model is established to study the smoke spread area, temperature field distribution, and carbon monoxide concentration. The results show that when a train fire occurs in a subway station, the rail top smoke exhaust mode has the best smoke exhaust effect compared with the other three smoke exhaust modes. In this mode, the smoke diffusion in the carriage is the slowest and the available escape time of personnel is the longest. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt the rail top smoke exhaust mode in case of train fire in the subway station; that is, open the smoke exhaust outlet on the rail top for smoke exhaust, and organize personnel to evacuate to the safe position of the platform through the connecting channel and escape exit. If conditions permit, local small fans can also be added to meet the requirements of smoke exhaust. The research results can provide guidance for the emergency plan and provide strong support for promoting the improvement of the fire emergency plan.
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Huang, Yaqing. "Research on the Countermeasures for the Guidance of Fire Control Public Opinion on New Media." Scientific and Social Research 4, no. 8 (August 25, 2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v4i8.4276.
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With the rapid development of the Internet, new media not only have an impact on traditional media, but also provide news with faster access to information and a wide range of ways of dissemination. In this paper, the current emergence of a variety of network public opinion is analyzed. Hence, as a countermeasure, correct understanding of information and proficiency in using new media is needed. Establishments and organization also play a role in guiding people’s opinion towards the right direction. With that, better scientific and reasonable solution can be given during the emergence of a variety of network public opinion and information of a fire can be spread on time. Finally, in achieving correct guidance of fire emergency reporting in the self-media environment, not only can the values of media science be reflected, social stability and healthiness can be maintained the substantive pursuit of building a harmonious society is prospected can be met.
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Mahdi, Ahmed Saleem, and Sawsen Abdulhadi Mahmood. "An Edge Computing Environment for Early Wildfire Detection." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2022.03.005.
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Recently, an increasing demand is growing for installing a rapid response system in forest regions to enable an immediate and appropriate response to wildfires before they spread across vast areas. This paper introduces a multilevel system for early wildfire detection to support public authorities to immediately specify and attend to emergency demands. The presented work is designed and implemented within Edge Computing Infrastructure. At the first level; the dataset samples of wildfire represented by a set of video sequences are collected and labelled for training mode purposes. Then, YOLOv5 deep learning model is adopted in our framework to build a trained model for distinguishing the fire event against non-fire events in binary classification. The proposed system structure comprises IoT entities provided with camera sensor capabilities and NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer kit as an edge computing environment. At the first level, a video camera is employed to assemble environment information received by the micro-controller middle level to handle and detect the possible fire event presenting in the interested area. The last level is characterized as making a decision by sending a text message and snapshot images to the cloud server. Meanwhile, a set of commands are sent to IoT nodes to operate the speakers and sprinklers, which are strategically assumed to place on the ground to give an alarm and prevent wildlife loss. The proposed system was tested and evaluated using a wildfire dataset constructed by our efforts. The experimental results exhibited 98% accurate detection of fire events in the video sequence. Further, a comparison study is performed in this research to confirm the results obtained from recent methods.
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Zhang, Yongling, Xin Li, Nana Kong, Miao Zhou, and Xiaobing Zhou. "Spatial Accessibility Assessment of Emergency Response of Urban Public Services in the Context of Pluvial Flooding Scenarios: The Case of Jiaozuo Urban Area, China." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416332.
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Urban pluvial flooding has become an important factor in urban casualties and economic losses, thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen urban emergency management research and improve emergency response capabilities to flooding. The SCS–CN hydrological model combined with GIS spatial analysis were used to assess the spatial accessibility of the emergency response to key urban public services (medical and fire) for different pluvial flooding scenarios of the Jiaozuo urban area. The results show that the coverage area of the public service department (medical and fire) emergency response decreases as the period of pluvial flooding recurrence increases. The accessibility of the public service department (medical and fire services) emergency response shows a gradual decline from the center of the Jiaozuo urban area to the periphery. The depth and area of water accumulation in the northern part of the Zhongzhan District, the northeastern part of the Macun District, and the southwestern part of the Shanyang District gradually increased as the heavy rainfall recurrence period increased. Emergency response from public services (medical and fire services) could not arrive within 15 min.
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McGuire-Wolfe, Christine. "Boots and Bugs: The Beginning of an Intervention for Firefighters." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s143—s144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.659.
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Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated that pathogens are present in both apparatus and stations within the fire service. Pasco County Fire Rescue’s (PCFR’s) 500+ firefighters routinely wear boots to trauma scenes and into patient’s residences and then into the dormitory and living areas of the fire stations. Pasco County Fire Rescue (PCFR) recently participated in a larger effort to identify the bacteria, yeast, and mold that firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics are exposed to on apparatuses and the station living environment during a typical shift. During these efforts to swab multiple touch points within apparatus (ambulances and engines) and common areas of the stations, firefighters’ boots were identified as a significant source of bacterial contamination. Methods: Swabs of 191 surfaces in 23 vehicles and 5 fire stations were collected, including 3 swabs from the bottom of firefighter boots. Results: Firefighter boots had the highest bacterial CFUs of all locations swabbed, with >900,000 and 378,000 CFUs per boot. Disinfection with a quaternary ammonium product sprayed through an electrostatic sprayer system effectively reduced the bacterial contamination on boots. Conclusions: PCFR recognizes firefighter boots as a critical vector of contamination between the environment encountered on emergency medical calls and the fire station environment and, as a result, has started a preliminary education campaign for agency firefighters regarding the need for regular boot disinfection. These efforts include regular submissions to the biweekly employee newsletter, as well as reminders on interoffice mailing envelopes (see example below) in hopes of increasing informal, self-directed boot cleaning and disinfection efforts. The next steps include verifying the effectiveness of specific disinfectant cleaners on boots; addressing logistical and practical barriers to routine cleaning and disinfection of boots; and developing, implementing, and evaluating a protocol for regular boot cleaning and disinfection.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Kuzyk, A., V. Tovaryanskyi, and K. Drach. "MODELING OF PROCESSES OF OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF FIRES IN GRASS ECOSYSTEMS." Fire Safety 36 (July 20, 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.36.2020.04.
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Formulation of the problem. Fires in natural ecosystems are emergency that leads to a violation of the balance of the environment and human life. Along with forest fires, the consequences of which are significant material damage and a detrimental effect on the atmosphere, grass fires occur, which entail the destruction of phytocenoses and representatives of the animal world. Prevention of grass fires is an urgent task that requires research in this direction.
The purpose of the work is to assess the fire hazard in areas dominated by creeping pyrium (Elytrigia repens) as a representative of the widespread species of grass vegetation in meadows, pastures, agricultural areas that are not exploited, etc., under meteorological conditions favorable for the spread of fires, and the humidity of combustible material, as well as the geometric parameters of plants.
Description of the material. A study of the fire hazard of areas covered by grassy vegetation from the average grass height and wind speed using computer simulation of a grass fire in the environment of the Wildland-Urban Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS) physical model was carried out. The fire hazard was estimated for creeping wheatgrass with an average plant height of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm from the propagation speed of the fire front, taking into account wind speeds of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 m/s. Cases are noted in which, under the influence of weather conditions, ignition did not occur, but only ignition of combustible material was observed without further spread of fire, as well as cases of occurrence and spread of burning over the entire area of grass cover.
Results. Based on the simulation results, the values of the propagation rates of the fire front in grassy areas were obtained. The fire speed is greatest at a height of grass cover of 40 cm and a wind speed of 3 m/s, and the lowest at a height of grass cover of 60 cm and a wind speed of 0 m/s. A relationship is established that describes the dynamics of a fire along the height of the grass cover as a combustible material.
Scientific novelty. It has been established that in terms of the speed of propagation of the fire front, the greatest fire hazard of the grassland of creeping grass is observed at an average grass height of 40 cm and a wind speed of 3 m/s, which is more than 5 times this figure compared to a grass height of 60 cm in the absence of wind.
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Begun, V. V., and S. Yu Potetiuiev. "New method for fire risk assessment." Mathematical machines and systems 4 (2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2020-4-125-135.
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Ukraine is at the last places at the international ratings concerning safety of life. It is related first of all to the fields of technogenic safety and fire safety. The values of annual losses due to fires, accidents and due to other emergency situations reach billions of hryvna, which is the essential part of the national budget and they have the increasing trends. Such situation is common for almost all branches of the industry of Ukraine except for the nuclear energy of Ukraine, which is under the additional guidance and under the additional control of the international organizations. The authors of this paper consider the prevalence of obsolete paradigm of safety management based on inspection control without risk evaluations and the insignificant adoption of the digital technologies. Modern safety management should be based on the detailed analysis of the working conditions, personnel safety modelling, popula-tion and the environment, causes of the possible emergency situations, possible errors of the personnel and thus identifying measures and means to prevent fires and accidents and reducing possible conse-quences. It should be the modern information technology based on the paradigm of risk-based approach, in general. This technology implies the existence of databases, accumulation of the statistical data with prompt professional processing of them, modelling of dangerous situations with live risk assessment, with permanent risk monitoring and the measures to maintain the risk at the acceptable level. Methods and algorithms for solving these problems must be defined, which allow automated processing of cur-rent values of risk parameters by computer devices in Windows and Android environments. The authors propose new algorithms for monitoring the current risk situation based on a modernized method of fail-ure and consequence analysis, by detailed analysis of loss due to partial failures of security systems, and summarizing the results of analysis by convolution in all areas of inspection and all hazardous objects.
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Nazir, Amril, Husam Mosleh, Maen Takruri, Abdul-Halim Jallad, and Hamad Alhebsi. "Early Fire Detection: A New Indoor Laboratory Dataset and Data Distribution Analysis." Fire 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010011.
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Fire alarm systems are typically equipped with various sensors such as heat, smoke, and gas detectors. These provide fire alerts and notifications of emergency exits when a fire has been detected. However, such systems do not give early warning in order to allow appropriate action to be taken when an alarm is first triggered, as the fire may have already caused severe damage. This paper analyzes a new dataset gathered from controlled realistic fire experiments conducted in an indoor laboratory environment. The experiments were conducted in a controlled manner by triggering the source of fire using electrical devices and charcoal on paperboard, cardboard or clothing. Important data such as humidity, temperature, MQ139, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and eCO2 were collected using sensor devices. These datasets will be extremely valuable to researchers in the machine learning and data science communities interested in pursuing novel advanced statistical and machine learning techniques and methods for developing early fire detection systems. The analysis of the collected data demonstrates the possibility of using eCO2 and TVOC reading levels for early detection of smoldering fires. The experimental setup was based on Low-Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN), which can be used to reliably deliver fire-related data over long ranges without depending on the status of a cellular or WiFi Network.
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Qi, Guangke. "Research on the Application of VR/AR Interactive Design Technology in the Field of Public Security." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i11.2809.
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Disease, earthquake, fire, stampede, malignant injury and so on. In all kinds of sudden events, the design of public emergency rescue facilities is more and more important. Public emergency refers to an emergency that occurs suddenly, causes or may cause heavy casualties, property losses, ecological environment damage and serious social harm, and endangers public security, which is characterized by abruptness, severity and wide impact. The occurrence of these incidents will destroy the normal social operation mechanism and the normal social order, cause a huge social psychological crisis, hinder social stability and development.
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Zhang, Dingli, Guozhong Huang, Haoxuan Li, Qing Deng, and Xuehong Gao. "A Study of the Factors Influencing the Thermal Radiation Received by Pedestrians from the Electric Vehicle Fire in Roadside Parking Based on PHRR." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010609.
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Electric vehicle (EV) fire accidents are caused by multiple factors, including the traffic conditions, parking environment and firefighting facilities, and are a typical public safety issue in cities. Owing to the lack of accurate and quick estimation methods for the EV fire analysis in roadside parking scenarios and their impacts, this study applied the solid flame model to simplify the determination of the dynamic turbulence characteristics of the EV fire flames and proposed a thermal radiation model of an EV thermal runaway combustion flame based on the peak heat release rate. Subsequently, the radiation accuracy of the model near the flame was verified by a simulation and a comparison with the point source flame model, where the safety threshold of the fire accident propagation was determined. Finally, the evacuation strategy for pedestrians in an EV fire was investigated based on the proposed model. From the results, the safe distance of adjacent vehicles and the cumulative value of the pedestrians affected by the thermal radiation of EV fires can be obtained under the influence of the environmental factors. The proposed model can be used to optimize the design of roadside parking lots and guide the formulation of pedestrian emergency plans during an EV fire.
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Sacfung, Akekachai, Kingkarn Sookhanaphibarn, and Worawat Choensawat. "Serious Game for Fire Safety Evacuation Plan." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.583.
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Virtual worlds are successfully used for training a personal skill in an emergency situation. In this paper, we present a serious game for fire evacuation training in any public places like office buildings, conventional centers, hotels, and universities. The goal of fire safety evacuation plan is to minimize the damage, i.e. the number of injured people and casualties. In this paper, we built a virtual environment where imitates a classroom building in Bangkok University. We described a design process and development approach for achieving the objectives of evacuation training. The user evaluation was also conducted, showing that the prototype can be used effectively for training a fire drill at other public places.
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Choi, Minji, Seulbi Lee, Sungjoo Hwang, Moonseo Park, and Hyun-Soo Lee. "Comparison of Emergency Response Abilities and Evacuation Performance Involving Vulnerable Occupants in Building Fire Situations." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010087.
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The mobility impaired, the deaf or hard of hearing, the blind or visually impaired, the cognitively impaired, and the elderly population are among several examples of groups categorized as particularly vulnerable to fire-related hazards. Given the severity of the threat that building fires pose for these vulnerable groups in terms of the different types of debilitation they experience, it is crucial to distinguish the respective attributes of each group and map out how such differences lead to differing performance levels during fire evacuations. To better gauge each group’s capacity to cope with building fires, this study collected survey data from social service providers and staff members who provide care for vulnerable healthcare facility residents. The questionnaires were designed to assess each group’s emergency response abilities and render them in quantifiable form in terms of perception, interpretation, decision-making, and mobility. The results of the survey serve as the input values for an evacuation simulation model which analyzes the evacuation performances (i.e., response and movement time) of vulnerable groups. The study concludes by proposing managerial strategies for the enhancement of fire safety in healthcare facilities on the basis of outcome analysis. Understanding the evacuation characteristics of disabled and vulnerable groups is expected to provide a foundation for the safety managers and staff members of relevant facilities to prepare for and deal with unexpected emergencies in an efficient and effective manner.
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Jin, Juan, and Seung-Kyou Choi. "Operation Method of a Load Test Device Using an Energy Storage System for Site Acceptance Test of a Fire-Fighting Emergency Generator." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175395.
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Emergency generators are important facilities that supply emergency power to fire-fighting facilities in the event of a power outage. Accordingly, a load test of the emergency generator should be performed by cutting off the power source of the fire-fighting target in order to accurately confirm the performance and condition of the emergency generator in normal circumstances. However, the test has usually been carried out without loads due to serious problems, which are caused by a shutdown of the power source for the load test of emergency generators, such as the shutdown of emergency load, etc. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes an operation method and algorithm of a load test device using ESS, which can conform to characteristics of emergency loads installed in fire-fighting targets by interconnecting it with the emergency generator. In addition, this paper performs a modeling of an emergency power system using PSCAD/EMTDC, and then this paper confirms the usefulness of the proposed method and operation algorithm of the load test device using ESS.
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Boguslawski, P., L. Mahdjoubi, V. Zverovich, and F. Fadli. "TWO-GRAPH BUILDING INTERIOR REPRESENTATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE APPLICATIONS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-9-2016.
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Nowadays, in a rapidly developing urban environment with bigger and higher public buildings, disasters causing emergency situations and casualties are unavoidable. Preparedness and quick response are crucial issues saving human lives. Available information about an emergency scene, such as a building structure, helps for decision making and organizing rescue operations. Models supporting decision-making should be available in real, or near-real, time. Thus, good quality models that allow implementation of automated methods are highly desirable. This paper presents details of the recently developed method for automated generation of variable density navigable networks in a 3D indoor environment, including a full 3D topological model, which may be used not only for standard navigation but also for finding safe routes and simulating hazard and phenomena associated with disasters such as fire spread and heat transfer.
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Boguslawski, P., L. Mahdjoubi, V. Zverovich, and F. Fadli. "TWO-GRAPH BUILDING INTERIOR REPRESENTATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE APPLICATIONS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-9-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, in a rapidly developing urban environment with bigger and higher public buildings, disasters causing emergency situations and casualties are unavoidable. Preparedness and quick response are crucial issues saving human lives. Available information about an emergency scene, such as a building structure, helps for decision making and organizing rescue operations. Models supporting decision-making should be available in real, or near-real, time. Thus, good quality models that allow implementation of automated methods are highly desirable. This paper presents details of the recently developed method for automated generation of variable density navigable networks in a 3D indoor environment, including a full 3D topological model, which may be used not only for standard navigation but also for finding safe routes and simulating hazard and phenomena associated with disasters such as fire spread and heat transfer.
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Rybakov, A. V., E. V. Ivanov, A. V. Dmitriev, and A. E. Borisov. "Assessment of the influence of the normalized vegetation index on the fire situation in the fire-hazardous period." Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-04-432-437.
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The paper presents an analysis of the parameter obtained by remote sensing of the planet Earth, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI index). The results of assessing the impact of the index on the occurrence of fires in a certain area are presented. Using the example of statistical data for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the index values for two periods of spring and summer were obtained, and the influence of NDVI values on the change in the probability of a forest fire was estimated. Static data on the index were selected from the «data lake» of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, data is collected from 2014 to the present, and data on thermal points from 2012. The consequences after wildfires will cause significant damage to forestry in Russia, and to the environment as a whole. Therefore, the allocation of previously known areas with a high probability of a natural fire will not only improve preventive measures for prevention, but will also make it possible to prevent most of the consequences. This article considers one of the parameters obtained by remote sensing of the Earth NDVI of its change before and after the event in question (natural fire).