Journal articles: 'Fire ecology'

1

Bowman, D. M. J. S., and D. C. Franklin. "Fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp446pr.

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Bowman, D. M. J. S., and G. S. Boggs. "Fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp482pr.

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Bowman, D. M. J. S. "Fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 31, no. 5 (October 2007): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133307083298.

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Roberts, S. J. "Tropical fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913300667747149.

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Roberts, S. J. "Tropical fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913300760564706.

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Roberts, S. J. "Tropical fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913301673370581.

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Roberts, Sue J. "Tropical fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330002400208.

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Roberts, Sue J. "Tropical fire ecology." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, no. 2 (June 2001): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500209.

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Trejo, Dante Arturo Rodríguez. "Fire Regimes, Fire Ecology, and Fire Management in Mexico." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 37, no. 7 (December 2008): 548–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-37.7.548.

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10

Smith, Jane Kapler, and Robert J. Whelan. "The Ecology of Fire." Ecology 77, no. 5 (July 1996): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265564.

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Gimingham, C. H., and R. J. Whelan. "The Ecology of Fire." Journal of Ecology 84, no. 2 (April 1996): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261370.

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Hibbett, David S., Anders Ohman, and Paul M. Kirk. "Fungal ecology catches fire." New Phytologist 184, no. 2 (October 2009): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03042.x.

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Lamont, Byron B. "The ecology of fire." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)91648-1.

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Steuter, Al, and Robert J. Whelan. "The Ecology of Fire." Journal of Wildlife Management 61, no. 3 (July 1997): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802214.

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Conard, Susan G. "The Ecology of Fire." Forest Science 42, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/42.2.259.

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16

Johnson, Edward A. "Towards a sounder fire ecology." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0271:tasfe]2.0.co;2.

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Gill, A. Malcolm, and Ross A. Bradstock. "Towards a sounder fire ecology." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0272:tasfe]2.0.co;2.

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Granström, Anders. "Towards a sounder fire ecology." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0273:tasfe]2.0.co;2.

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Trabaud, Louis. "Towards a sounder fire ecology." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0274:tasfe]2.0.co;2.

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Miyanishi, Kiyoko. "Towards a sounder fire ecology." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0275:tasfe]2.0.co;2.

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21

Steele, Nancy L. C., and Jon E. Keeley. "Chaparral & Fire Ecology: Role of Fire in Seed Germination." American Biology Teacher 53, no. 7 (October 1, 1991): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449351.

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22

Rodríguez-Trejo, Dante Arturo, and Peter Z. Fulé. "Fire ecology of Mexican pines and a fire management proposal." International Journal of Wildland Fire 12, no. 1 (2003): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf02040.

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Many Mexican pine ecosystems are characterized by great biological diversity and are strongly influenced by fire. We summarize fire ecology information for 35 taxa (including infraspecific taxa) in terms of nine types of fire traits: serotiny, seed germination after fire, grass stage, fast initial growth, thick bark, protected buds, self-pruning capacity, resprouting, and canopy recovery from scorch. The majority of Mexican pine species appear to be adapted to a predictable, stand-thinning fire regime. Current fire regimes are often altered from long-term historical patterns due to a combination of natural fires plus anthropogenic fires. Human-caused fires are the most common and burning practices have deep historic and socioeconomic roots. As a consequence, there are three main categories of fire conditions: (1) pine forests endangered by excessive anthropogenic fire (eventually leading to deforestation); (2) pine forests maintained by an appropriate fire regime; and (3) pine forests with insufficient fire or fire exclusion due to fire protection. For managers, conservationists, and landowners concerned with maintaining the important benefits associated with fire, such as fuel hazard reduction and nutrient cycling, different approaches are needed. While recognizing the difficult social and economic factors that foster forest degradation, we recommend basing fire management in pine forests upon a site-specific and species-specific understanding of the historical and ecological role of fire, trying to reduce excessive anthropogenic burning, maintain appropriate burning, and restore fire into fire-excluded forests. The interaction of fire with other resource uses, such as timber harvesting and livestock grazing, should also be balanced in a holistic ecosystem management approach. These changes must be made in the context of seeking alternative economic options for rural residents and by thoughtful planning to obtain as many ecological and economic benefits from fire as possible while minimizing negative impacts.

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23

Miller, Richard F., and Emily K. Heyerdahl. "Fine-scale variation of historical fire regimes in sagebrush-steppe and juniper woodland: an example from California, USA." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 2 (2008): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07016.

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Coarse-scale estimates of fire intervals across the mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) alliance range from decades to centuries. However, soil depth and texture can affect the abundance and continuity of fine fuels and vary at fine spatial scales, suggesting fire regimes may vary at similar scales. We explored variation in fire frequency across 4000 ha in four plant associations with differing soils in which mountain big sagebrush and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis Hook.) were diagnostic or a transitory component. We reconstructed fire frequency from fire-scarred ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) in one association. The other three associations lacked fire-scarred trees so we inferred fire frequency from establishment or death dates of western juniper and a model of the rate of post-fire succession we developed from current vegetation along a chronosequence of time-since-fire. Historical fire frequency varied at fine spatial scales in response to soil-driven variation in fuel abundance and continuity and spanned the range of frequencies currently debated. Fire intervals ranged from decades in areas of deep, productive soils where fine fuels were likely abundant and continuous, to centuries in areas of shallow, coarse soils where fine fuel was likely limited.

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24

Sugden, A. M. "ECOLOGY: Fire in the Far North." Science 320, no. 5876 (May 2, 2008): 587a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5876.587a.

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25

Steinberg, T. "ECOLOGY: Fighting Fire with Common Sense." Science 314, no. 5797 (October 13, 2006): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133695.

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MacNeil, J. S. "ECOLOGY: Forest Fire Plan Kindles Debate." Science 289, no. 5484 (September 1, 2000): 1448b—1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5484.1448b.

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27

VIVIAN, LYNDSEY M. "Fire Ecology in Rocky Mountain Landscapes." Austral Ecology 36, no. 4 (May 29, 2011): e12-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02173.x.

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28

James, Frances C., and John W. Fitzpatrick. "Symposium: Fire ecology and avian conservation." Journal of Ornithology 135, no. 3 (July 1994): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01640001.

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29

Clark, Nigel, and Kathryn Yusoff. "Queer Fire: Ecology, Combustion and Pyrosexual Desire." Feminist Review 118, no. 1 (April 2018): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0101-3.

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We set out by noting the preference for circular flows in ecological thought, and the related abhorrence of inefficiency and waste that Western ecology shares with mainstream economic thinking. This has often been manifest in a shared disdain both for uncontained, free-burning fire and for ‘unmanaged’ sexual desire. The paper constructs a ‘pyrosexual’ counter-narrative that explores the mutually constitutive and generative implication of sex and fire. Bringing together the solar ecology of Georges Bataille, feminist and queer thinking about sexuality and reproduction, and a range of ways of theorising biological life and fire, we explore how fire mediates between organismic desire and the energetic dynamics of the earth and solar system. The first section takes a genealogical approach to fire and sex that traces their entanglement from the initial ‘assembling’ of fire through to the emergence of a fire-handling creature. The second section looks at how fire has been contained and intensified by human actors, and the role that heat-driven transformations of inorganic matter have played in the incitement and channeling of desire in urban spaces. The third section addresses the development of industrial ‘heat engines’ and the implications for desire and reproduction of tapping vast reservoirs of subterranean solar energy. We round off by beginning to consider what alternative possibilities might lie in the renegotiation of sex and fire on a planet undergoing rapid change.

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30

Engle, DM, and JF Stritzke. "Fire Behavior and Fire Effects on Eastern Redcedar in Hardwood Leaf-Litter Fires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 5, no. 3 (1995): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9950135.

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Treatment of stands of hardwoods in the cross timbers of the central United States with tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-dimethylurea) can significantly decrease canopy cover of hardwoods. However, at the rate used for hardwood control, tebuthiuron does not control eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). Our objective was to determine the potential of using fires in the hardwood leaf litter, either before or after tebuthiuron, for controlling eastern redcedar. To do this, we compared fuelbed characteristics, fire behavior, and fire effects on eastern redcedar in naturally occurring hardwood leaf litter with those augmented by leaves dropped following a single application of tebuthiuron. Studies were conducted in 1988, 1989, and 1991 on a cross timbers site dominated by an overstory of post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak (Q. marilandica Muenchh.) and with eastern redcedar in the understory. Factors evaluated included herbicide treatment (tebuthiuron or no herbicide) and burning season (late summer or winter). Tebuthiuron at 2.2 kg a.i. Ha-1 was applied to plots (25 X 25 m) in March of the study years. In late summer, tebuthiuron-treated plots contained almost twice the 1-hr fuel loading as untreated plots. Fuel depth on untreated plots in late summer was about half that of other herbicide treatments and burning date combinations. Fuel loading on plots burned in winter was not affected by tebuthiuron treatment, and no differences in fuel consumption were detected among any treatments. Moisture content of 1-hr fuels on plots burned in winter was more than twice that of 1-hr fuels on plots burned in late summer. Fire intensity was low with all bums, and no differences in fire behavior were detected among any treatments. Crown scorch of 75% or greater on small eastern redcedar trees was considered a successful burn, and this resulted on all but the late summer-no tebuthiuron treatment. The natural log of fireline intensity explained about 47% (P<0.0006)) of the variation in fire success, and ambient air temperature explained an additional 19% (P<0.0468). Although tebuthiuron treatments effectively augmented leaf-litter fuel load by late-summer and provided a suitable fuelbed for burning, crown scorch and tree kill were not greatly improved by burning in late summer as compared to winter. We conclude that understory eastern redcedar can be controlled successfully by burning leaf-litter fuelbeds in either late fall or winter after natural leaf-fall from hardwood trees or in late summer, fall, or winter following a spring application of tebuthiuron for control of overstory hardwoods.

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31

Ness, Erik. "Fighting Fire with Fire." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, no. 5 (June 2003): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868002.

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32

De Agostini, N., G. Calvani, I. Cacciatore, D. Ascoli, L. Tonarelli, N. Prat-Guitart, and E. Marchi. "“Fire Ecology Across Boundaries”: the international congress focused on wildfires." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor3415-017.

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33

Ansley, RJ, DL Jones, TR Tunnell, BA Kramp, and PW Jacoby. "Honey Mesquite Canopy Responses to Single Winter Fires: Relation to Herbaceous Fuel, Weather and Fire Temperature." International Journal of Wildland Fire 8, no. 4 (1998): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9980241.

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Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) canopy responses to fire were measured following 20 single winter fires conducted in north Texas. Weather conditions during the fires, understory herbaceous fine fuel (fine fuel) amount and moisture content, fire temperature at 0 cm, 10-30 cm and 1-3 m above ground, and canopy responses were compared. Ten fires occurred on a site where fine fuel was a mixture of cool and warm season grasses (mixed site). The other 10 fires occurred on a site dominated by warm season grasses (warm site). When both sites were included in regressions, peak fire temperature at all heights was positively related to fine fuel amount. Fine fuel amount, fine fuel moisture content, air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) affected fire temperature duration in seconds over 100°C (FTD100) at 1-3 m height, but not at ground level. Mesquite percent above-ground mortality (topkill) increased with increasing fine fuel amount, decreasing fuel moisture content, increasing AT, and decreasing RH. Percent foliage remaining on non-topkilled (NTK) trees was inversely related to fine fuel amount and AT, and positively related to fine fuel moisture content. Effect of fire on mesquite topkill and foliage remaining of NTK trees was strongly affected by RH at the warm site (r2 = 0.92 and 0.82, respectively), but not at the mixed site. This difference was due to RH affecting fuel moisture content (and subsequently fire behavior) to a greater degree at the warm than at the mixed site, because of the lower green tissue content in warm site grasses at the time of burning. Under adequate fine fuel amounts to carry a fire, mesquite canopy responses to fire (i.e., topkill vs, partial canopy defoliation) were largely determined by AT and RH conditions during the fire. This has implications if the management goal is to preserve the mesquite overstory for a savanna result instead of topkilling all trees. Two substudies were conducted during 3 of the fires. Substudy 1 determined mesquite response to fire in 2 plots with different understory herbaceous fuel loads (5,759 vs. 2,547 kg/ha) that were burned under under similar weather conditions. Mesquite topkill was 81% and 11% in the high and low fuel fires, respectively. Under similar weather conditions, fine fuel was an important factor in affecting mesquite responses to fire. However, as demonstrated in the main study, under a variety of weather conditions, AT and RH influenced mesquite response to fire as much or more than did fine fuel. Substudy 2 compared response of mesquite plants with abundant and dry subcanopy fine fuel (3252 kg/ha; fuel moisture 10.4%), or sparse and green subcanopy fuel (1155 kg/ha; fuel moisture 25.9%) to a high intensity fire. All trees were topkilled, including those with low subcanopy fuel, probably from convection heat generated from herbaceous fuel in interspaces between trees. In support of this conclusion, thermocouple data from all 20 fires indicated that canopy responses were more related to fire temperature at 1-3 m than at lower heights. This suggests that the topkill mechanism was due to convective heat within the canopy rather than a girdling effect of fire at stem bases.

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Engle, D. M., T. G. Bidwell, A. L. Ewing, and J. R. Williams. "A Technique for Quantifying Fire Behavior in Grassland Fire Ecology Studies." Southwestern Naturalist 34, no. 1 (March 1989): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671812.

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35

Coughlan, Michael R., and Aaron M. Petty. "Linking humans and fire: a proposal for a transdisciplinary fire ecology." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 5 (2012): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11048.

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Human activity currently plays a significant role in determining the frequency, extent and intensity of landscape fires worldwide. Yet the historical and ecological relationships between humans, fire and the environment remain ill-defined if not poorly understood and an integrative approach linking the social and physical aspects of fire remains largely unexplored. We propose that human fire use is ubiquitous and evidence that historical fire patterns do not differ from non-anthropogenic fire regimes is not evidence that humans did not practice fire management. Through literature review and the presentation of two case studies from the south-eastern USA and tropical Australia, we discuss how the study of fire ecology can benefit from paying attention to the role of humans in three thematic areas: (1) human agency and decision processes; (2) knowledge and practice of landscape fire and (3) socioecological dynamics inherent in the history of social systems of production and distribution. Agency, knowledge of fire ecology and social systems of production and distribution provide analytical links between human populations and the ecological landscape. Consequently, ignitions ultimately result from human behaviours, and where fire use is practised, ignitions result from decision process concerning a combination of ecological knowledge and belief and the rationale of livelihood strategies as constrained by social and ecological parameters. The legacy of human land use further influences fuel continuity and hence fire spread.

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36

Lamont, Byron B., Roy Wittkuhn, and Dylan Korczynskyj. "Ecology and ecophysiology of grasstrees." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 5 (2004): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03127.

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‘Xanthorrhoea…is in habit one of the most remarkable genera of Terra Australis, and gives a peculiar character to the vegetation of that part of the country where it abounds’ Robert Brown (1814). Grasstrees (arborescent Xanthorrhoea, Dasypogon, Kingia), with their crown of long narrow leaves and blackened leafbase-covered trunk (caudex), are a characteristic growth form in the Australian flora. Xanthorrhoea is the most widespread genus, with 28 species that are prominent from heathlands to sclerophyll forests. While leaf production for X. preissii reaches a peak in spring–summer, growth never stops even in the cool winter or dry autumn seasons. Summer rain, accompanied by a rapid rise in leaf water potential, may be sufficient to stimulate leaf production, whereas root growth is confined to the usual wet season. Grasstrees are highly flammable yet rarely succumb to fire: while retained dead leaves may reach >1000°C during fire, the temperature 100 mm above the stem apex remains <60°C and the roots are insulated completely. Immediately following fire, leaf production from the intact apical meristem is up to six times greater than that at unburnt sites. For X. preissii, pre-fire biomass is restored within 40 weeks; the mass of live leaves remains uniform from thereon, whereas the mass of dead leaves increases steadily. Leaves usually survive for >2 years. In X. preissii, the post-fire growth flush corresponds to a reduction in starch storage by desmium in the caudex. Minerals, especially P, are remobilised from the caudex to the crown following a spring fire, but accumulate there following an autumn fire. At least 80% of P is withdrawn from senescing leaves, while >95% K and Na are leached from dead leaves. Most stored N and S are volatilised by fire, with 1–85% of all minerals returned as ash. Despite monthly clipping for 16 months, X. preissii plants recover, although starch reserves are depleted by 90%, indicating considerable resilience to herbivory. Analysis of colour band patterns in the leafbases of X. preissii shows that elongation of the caudex may vary more than 5–50 mm per annum, with 10–20 mm being typical. Exceptionally tall plants (>3 m) may reach an age of 250 years, with a record at 450 years (6 m). Fires, recorded as black bands on the leafbases, in south-western Australia have been decreasing in frequency but increasing in variability since 1750–1850. Some grasstrees have survived a mean fire interval of 3–4 years over the last two centuries. In more recent times, some grasstrees have not been burnt for >50 years. The band-analysis technique has been used to show a downward trend in plant δ13C of 2–5.5‰ from 1935 to the present. Grasstrees are most likely to flower in the first spring after fire. A single inflorescence is initiated from the apical meristem, elongating at up to 100 mm day–1 and reaching a length up to 3 m, with one recorded at 5.5 m. This rapid rate of elongation is achieved through leaf (and inflorescence) photosynthesis and desmium starch mobilisation. The developing spike and seeds are vulnerable to a moth larva. Leaf production recommences from axillary buds and the trade-off with reproduction is equivalent to 240 leaves in X. preissii. Flowering and seed production are affected by time of fire. Grasstrees are mainly insect-pollinated. Up to 8000 seeds per spike are produced, although pre-dispersal granivory is common. Seeds are released in autumn and persist in the soil for <2 years. Most fresh seeds germinate in the laboratory but germination is inhibited by light. At any time, seedlings and juveniles may account for most plants in the population, although there may be up to an 80% reduction within 1 year of seedling emergence, often due to kangaroo herbivory. In the absence of fire, mortality of adults may be 4% per annum. Although few grasstree species are considered rare or threatened, their conservation requirements, especially in regard to a suitable fire regime, remain unknown. Grasstrees are particularly susceptible to the exotic root pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, although recruitment among some species has been observed 20–30 years after pathogen invasion. Much remains to be known about the biology of this icon of the Australian bush.

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Karp, Allison T., Anna K. Behrensmeyer, and Katherine H. Freeman. "Grassland fire ecology has roots in the late Miocene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (November 14, 2018): 12130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809758115.

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That fire facilitated the late Miocene C4grassland expansion is widely suspected but poorly documented. Fire potentially tied global climate to this profound biosphere transition by serving as a regional-to-local driver of vegetation change. In modern environments, seasonal extremes in moisture amplify the occurrence of fire, disturbing forest ecosystems to create niche space for flammable grasses, which in turn provide fuel for frequent fires. On the Indian subcontinent, C4expansion was accompanied by increased seasonal extremes in rainfall (evidenced by δ18Ocarbonate), which set the stage for fuel accumulation and fire-linked clearance during wet-to-dry seasonal transitions. Here, we test the role of fire directly by examining the abundance and distribution patterns of fire-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and terrestrial vegetation signatures inn-alkane carbon isotopes from paleosol samples of the Siwalik Group (Pakistan). Two million years before the C4grassland transition, fire-derived PAH concentrations increased as conifer vegetation declined, as indicated by a decrease in retene. This early increase in molecular fire signatures suggests a transition to more fire-prone vegetation such as a C3grassland and/or dry deciduous woodland. Between 8.0 and 6.0 million years ago, fire, precipitation seasonality, and C4-grass dominance increased simultaneously (within resolution) as marked by sharp increases in fire-derived PAHs, δ18Ocarbonate, and13C enrichment inn-alkanes diagnostic of C4grasses. The strong association of evidence for fire occurrence, vegetation change, and landscape opening indicates that a dynamic fire–grassland feedback system was both a necessary precondition and a driver for grassland ecology during the first emergence of C4grasslands.

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Pausas, Juli G. "Flammable Mexico." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 6 (2016): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16018.

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The frequency of disturbances is an important factor contributing to the megabiodiversity of Mexico, and fire is a prominent disturbance in this region. Here I briefly summarise important aspects of fire ecology in Mexico and introduce a new book for fire science in this country: Incendios de la vegetación (Vegetation fires) by D. Rodríguez-Trejo. The book covers many fire topics including fire ecology, fire behaviour, fire management, fire history and the anthropology of fire, and provides a basis for sustainable vegetation management in the region; it also advocates for the use of fire as a management tool. The message is that the biodiversity of Mexico, and therefore its management, cannot be understood without considering fire.

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Minnich, RA, and YH Chou. "Wildland Fire Patch Dynamics in the Chaparral of Southern California and Northern Baja California." International Journal of Wildland Fire 7, no. 3 (1997): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9970221.

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In ecosystems where fire occurrence has significant time-dependence, fire sequences should exhibit system-regulation that is distinguished by nonrandom (nonstationary), self-organizing patch dynamics related to spatially constrained fire probabilities. Exogenous factors such as fire weather, precipitation variability, and terrain alter the flammability of vegetation and encourage randomness in fire occurrence within pre-existing patch structure. In Californian chaparral, the roles of succession/fuel build-up and exogenous factors is examined by taking advantage of a 100 yr 'natural experiment' in southern California (SCA) and northern Baja California, Mexico (BCA), where factors influencing fire occurrence have been systematically altered by divergent management systems. In SCA, suppression has been practiced since 1900. In BCA, fire control was not official policy until the 1960s and has not been effectively practiced. Fire perimeter histories for 1920-1971 in SCA and BCA, reconstructed from fire history records and repeat aerial photographs, are compared for fire frequency (events/area), size, rotation periods, stand age structure, ignition rates, weather, burning season, and drought. Landscape-scale fire rotation periods are long (≈70 yr) regardless of management policies because fire occurrence is driven by the gradual development of fire hazard during succession, produced by small annual increments of growth and litterfall, as well as by high fuel moisture in evergreen shrubs. Without fire control frequent fires establish fine-grained mosaics. Fire control reduces fire frequencies, increases fire size, and encourages coarse-scale patch structure. Patch dynamics exhibit evidences of nonrandom turnover. Fire size distributions reflect the nearest-neighbor distances between patches below some age-dependent combustion threshold (CT) in the patch mosaic that resist the spread of fires in stands older than CT. Regional burn rates are poorly related to fire frequency, ignition rates, drought, and terrain. The small size of fires in BCA may be reinforced by interactions between fire and pre-existing, fine-grained patch structure, and by random fire occurrence in the probability distributions of fire weather and climate. In SCA, fires are nonrandomly restricted by fire control to extreme weather.

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Reed, Ron, and Kari Marie Norgaard. "Fire is Food." Ethnic Studies Review 44, no. 2 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2021.44.2.5.

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Ron Reed and Kari Norgaard discuss the importance of fire for Karuk tribal culture, health, food, and sovereignty. They describe the history of settler colonial fire suppression practices and its ongoing impacts on Indigenous communities. Reed argues for the need to center place-based, Indigenous ecology model.

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Sherriff, Rosemary L., and Thomas T. Veblen. "Variability in fire - climate relationships in ponderosa pine forests in the Colorado Front Range." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 1 (2008): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07029.

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Understanding the interactions of climate variability and wildfire has been a primary objective of recent fire history research. The present study examines the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on fire occurrence using fire-scar evidence from 58 sites from the lower ecotone to the upper elevational limits of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in northern Colorado. An important finding is that at low v. high elevations within the montane zone, climatic patterns conducive to years of widespread fire are different. Differences in fire–climate relationships are manifested primarily in antecedent year climate. Below ~2100 m, fires are dependent on antecedent moister conditions that favour fine fuel accumulation 2 years before dry fire years. In the upper montane zone, fires are dependent primarily on drought rather than an increase in fine fuels. Throughout the montane zone, fire is strongly linked to variations in moisture availability that in turn is linked to climate influences of ENSO, PDO and AMO. Fire occurrence is greater than expected during the phases of each index associated with drought. Regionally widespread fire years are associated with specific phase combinations of ENSO, PDO and AMO. In particular, the combination of La Niña, negative PDO and positive AMO is highly conducive to widespread fire.

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Fernandes, Paulo M., Hermínio S. Botelho, Francisco C. Rego, and Carlos Loureiro. "Empirical modelling of surface fire behaviour in maritime pine stands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 6 (2009): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08023.

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An experimental burning program took place in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Portugal to increase the understanding of surface fire behaviour under mild weather. The spread rate and flame geometry of the forward and backward sections of a line-ignited fire front were measured in 94 plots 10–15 m wide. Measured head fire rate of spread, flame length and Byram’s fire intensity varied respectively in the intervals of 0.3–13.9 m min–1, 0.1–4.2 m and 30–3527 kW m–1. Fire behaviour was modelled through an empirical approach. Rate of forward fire spread was described as a function of surface wind speed, terrain slope, moisture content of fine dead surface fuel, and fuel height, while back fire spread rate was correlated with fuel moisture content and cover of understorey vegetation. Flame dimensions were related to Byram’s fire intensity but relationships with rate of spread and fine dead surface fuel load and moisture are preferred, particularly for the head fire. The equations are expected to be more reliable when wind speed and slope are less than 8 km h–1 and 15°, and when fuel moisture content is higher than 12%. The results offer a quantitative basis for prescribed fire management.

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Wilkin, Kate, David Ackerly, and Scott Stephens. "Climate Change Refugia, Fire Ecology and Management." Forests 7, no. 12 (March 30, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f7040077.

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Bataineh, Amanda L., Brian P. Oswald, Mohammad Bataineh, Daniel Unger, I.-Kuai Hung, and Daniel Scognamillo. "Spatial autocorrelation and pseudoreplication in fire ecology." Fire Ecology 2, no. 2 (December 2006): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0202107.

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Mistry, Jayalaxshmi. "A collection of papers on fire ecology." Journal of Biogeography 30, no. 7 (June 24, 2003): 1123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00824_2.x.

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Blake, John G. "Fire and Avian Ecology in North America." Journal of Field Ornithology 77, no. 2 (March 2006): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00046_1.x.

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Tychino, N. A. "Fire- and Bioprotection of Wood and Ecology." Пожаровзрывобезопасность 21, no. 1 (February 2012): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2012.21.01.44-46.

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Falcon-Lang, H. J. "Fire ecology of the Carboniferous tropical zone." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 164, no. 1-4 (December 2000): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00193-0.

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Cramer, Wolfgang. "Fire ecology, Mediterranean forests and global change." Forest Ecology and Management 147, no. 1 (June 2001): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00599-5.

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Pausas, Juli G. "Evolutionary fire ecology: lessons learned from pines." Trends in Plant Science 20, no. 5 (May 2015): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.03.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fire ecology'

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