Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fire ecology Australia, Southern

Academic literature on the topic 'Fire ecology Australia, Southern'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

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Russell-Smith, Jeremy, Cameron P. Yates, Peter J. Whitehead, Richard Smith, Ron Craig, Grant E. Allan, Richard Thackway, et al. "Bushfires 'down under': patterns and implications of contemporary Australian landscape burning." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 4 (2007): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07018.

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Australia is among the most fire-prone of continents. While national fire management policy is focused on irregular and comparatively smaller fires in densely settled southern Australia, this comprehensive assessment of continental-scale fire patterning (1997–2005) derived from ~1 km2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery shows that fire activity occurs predominantly in the savanna landscapes of monsoonal northern Australia. Statistical models that relate the distribution of large fires to a variety of biophysical variables show that, at the continental scale, rainfall seasonality substantially explains fire patterning. Modelling results, together with data concerning seasonal lightning incidence, implicate the importance of anthropogenic ignition sources, especially in the northern wet–dry tropics and arid Australia, for a substantial component of recurrent fire extent. Contemporary patterns differ markedly from those under Aboriginal occupancy, are causing significant impacts on biodiversity, and, under current patterns of human population distribution, land use, national policy and climate change scenarios, are likely to prevail, if not intensify, for decades to come. Implications of greenhouse gas emissions from savanna burning, especially seasonal emissions of CO2, are poorly understood and contribute to important underestimation of the significance of savanna emissions both in Australian and probably in international greenhouse gas inventories. A significant challenge for Australia is to address annual fire extent in fire-prone Australian savannas.
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Penman, T. D., and B. A. Cirulis. "Cost effectiveness of fire management strategies in southern Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 5 (2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18128.

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Fire-management agencies invest significant resources to reduce the impacts of future fires. There has been increasing public scrutiny over how agencies allocate fire-management budgets and, in response, agencies are looking to use quantitative risk-based approaches to make decisions about expenditure in a more transparent manner. Advances in fire-simulation software and computing capacity of fire-agency staff have meant that fire simulators have been increasingly used for quantitative fire-risk analysis. Here we analyse the cost trade-offs of future fire management in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and surrounding areas by combining fire simulation with Bayesian Decision Networks. We compare potential future-management approaches considering prescribed burning, suppression and fire exclusion. These data combined costs of treatment and impacts on assets to undertake a quantitative risk analysis. The proposed approach for fuel treatment in ACT and New South Wales (NSW) provided the greatest reduction in risk and the most cost-effective approach to managing fuels in this landscape. Past management decisions have reduced risk in the landscape and the legacy of these treatments will last for at least 3 years. However, an absence of burning will result in an increased risk from fire in this landscape.
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Hill, Robert S., Yelarney K. Beer, Kathryn E. Hill, Elizabeth Maciunas, Myall A. Tarran, and Carmine C. Wainman. "Evolution of the eucalypts – an interpretation from the macrofossil record." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (2016): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16117.

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Eucalypts have influenced the fire ecology of the Australian landscape more than any other plant group. They are the iconic plant taxon in the Australian vegetation today, but their origin, early evolution and migration remain poorly understood, mostly because of a remarkably sparse and underworked fossil record. However, a recent major macrofossil find in southern South America, coupled with increasing sophistication of molecular phylogenetic and palynological research allow for a more comprehensive summary of the likely early history of this group of genera. It is likely that the origin was close to the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, somewhere in the Weddellian Biogeographic Province (which includes southern South America, western Antarctica and south-eastern Australia), in an area with high natural fire frequency. Evidence for the early record of eucalypts in Australia and their eventual spread across the continent, leading to their current dominance of the Australian plant biomass is growing and is consistent with a drying climate and increasing fire frequency following a very wet period during the Paleogene. The causes of the extinction of eucalypts from South America and probably New Zealand are considered, but remain obscure.
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Plucinski, M. P., A. L. Sullivan, and W. L. McCaw. "Comparing the performance of daily forest fire danger summary metrics for estimating fire activity in southern Australian forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 10 (2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19185.

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Fire danger indices integrate weather and fuel variables to indicate the potential for wildland fires to ignite, spread, resist suppression and cause damage. McArthur’s Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) is applied across much of Australia, with the forecast daily maximum value used to inform fire management planning decisions and issuance of public warnings. Variations in daily maximum FFDI and the hourly changing of FFDI values during the day (including use of different soil moisture deficit indices) were compared against five binary fire activity statistics in six forested areas in southern Australia, with performance assessed using Theil–Sen regression lines fitted to rank percentile curves. Fire activity rates were similar on days with wide and narrow hourly FFDI distributions except in one study area where days with wide distributions experienced more fires. The maximum hourly FFDI metric performed the best of all the metrics tested, though there were no statistically significant differences among any of them. There was also little difference in the performance of metrics determined using alternative calculations and different drought indices. These results suggest that the current use of the forecast hourly maximum FFDI is appropriate and that using alternative methods to determine Drought Factor offers little benefit.
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Cook, Garry D., Adam C. Liedloff, C. P. (Mick) Meyer, Anna E. Richards, and Steven G. Bray. "Standing dead trees contribute significantly to carbon budgets in Australian savannas." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 3 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19092.

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Previous estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Australian savanna fires have incorporated on-ground dead wood but ignored standing dead trees. However, research from eucalypt woodlands in southern Queensland has shown that the two pools of dead wood burn at similar rates. New field data from semiarid savannas across northern Australia confirmed that standing dead trees comprise about four times the mass of on-ground dead wood. Further, the proportion of total woody biomass comprising dead wood increases with decreasing fire frequency and a decreasing proportion of late dry season (August to December) fires. This gives scope for increasing the carbon stock in the dead wood pool with a reduced fire frequency. Following a previously published approach to quantify total dead wood loads in savannas, new and previously collected data on tree stand structures were used across the whole savanna zone to quantify dead wood loads in equilibrium with historic fire regimes. New parameters are presented for calculating dead wood dynamics including dead trees in Australia’s savannas.
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Tapper, NJ, G. Garden, J. Gill, and J. Fernon. "The Climatology and Meteorology of High Fire Danger in the Northern Territory." Rangeland Journal 15, no. 2 (1993): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930339.

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In most areas of Australia the calculation of a fire danger index (FDI) is the cornerstone of fie weather forecasting and provides an operationally objective basis for the issue of fire weather warnings. FDI's are derived from the observation or prediction of a number of basic meteorological parameters which are then combined with information on fuel characteristics. The forest and grassland fire danger in southern Australia is greatest during the austral summer and is characterised by long periods of low fire danger interspersed with occasional extreme fire danger events. By contrast, much of tropical and subtropical Australia shows a distinctly different seasonality, magnitude and frequency of fire danger. The problem is essentially one of the austral winter-spring (dry season) period and is characterised by extended periods of moderate to high fire danger. This paper provides a broad climatological background to the problem of high fire danger in northern Australia, concentrating in particular on the Northern Territory. The paper also addresses particular meteorological situations in northern Australia which give rise to elevated fire danger. Two synoptic-scale weather patterns are discussed in particular; the passage of prefrontal troughs which seasonally produce high fire danger in the region of the tropic, and winter subtropical ridging which produces strong winds and high fire danger over the north of the continent during the dry season.
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Burrows, G. E., S. K. Hornby, D. A. Waters, S. M. Bellairs, L. D. Prior, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. "A wide diversity of epicormic structures is present in Myrtaceae species in the northern Australian savanna biome - implications for adaptation to fire." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 6 (2010): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10107.

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Recent research has shown that the eucalypts of southern Australia have an unusual and apparently fire-adapted epicormic structure. By studying a range of myrtaceous species from northern Australia we hoped to determine if this structure was also present in northern eucalypts. We anatomically examined the epicormic structures from 21 myrtaceous species in 11 genera from the north of the Northern Territory, Australia. An extremely wide diversity of epicormic structures was found, ranging from buds absent, buds at or near the bark surface, to bud-forming meristems in the innermost bark. These Myrtaceae species displayed a far greater variation in epicormic structure than recorded in any other family. This is possibly a reflection of the importance of the resprouter strategy, a long fire history in Australia and the ecological diversification of the Myrtaceae. Nonetheless, all the investigated eucalypts (northern and southern) possessed the same specialised, apparently fire-adapted, epicormic structure. This is remarkably consistent given the taxonomic, geographical and morphological diversity of the eucalypts.
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Greenville, Aaron C., Chris R. Dickman, Glenda M. Wardle, and Mike Letnic. "The fire history of an arid grassland: the influence of antecedent rainfall and ENSO." International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, no. 6 (2009): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf08093.

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Implementing appropriate fire regimes has become an increasingly important objective for biodiversity conservation programs. Here, we used Landsat imagery from 1972 to 2003 to describe the recent fire history and current wildfire regime of the north-eastern Simpson Desert, Australia, within each of the region’s seven main vegetation classes. We then explored the relationship between antecedent rainfall and El Niño–Southern Oscillation with wildfire area. Wildfires were recorded in 11 years between 1972 and 2003, each differing in size. In 1975, the largest wildfire was recorded, burning 55% (4561 km2) of the study region. Smaller fires in the intervening years burnt areas that had mostly escaped the 1975 fire, until 2002, when 31% (2544 km2) of the study region burnt again. Wildfires burnt disproportionally more spinifex (Triodia basedowii) than any other vegetation class. A total of 49% of the study area has burnt once since 1972 and 20% has burnt twice. Less than 1% has burnt three times and 36% has remained unaffected by wildfire since 1972. The mean minimum fire return interval was 26 years. Two years of cumulative rainfall before a fire event, rainfall during the year of a fire event, and the mean Southern Oscillation Index from June to November in the year before a fire event could together be used to successfully predict wildfire area. We use these findings to describe the current fire regime.
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Budd, GM, JR Brotherhood, AL Hendrie, SE Jeffery, FA Beasley, BP Costin, W. Zhien, MM Baker, NP Cheney, and MP Dawson. "Project Aquarius 1. Stress, Strain, and Productivity in Men Suppressing Australian Summer Bushfires With Hand Tools: Background, Objectives, and Methods." International Journal of Wildland Fire 7, no. 2 (1997): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9970069.

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This is the first in a series of 13 papers about the safety and productivity of firefighters suppressing wildland fires ('bushfires' in Australia) with hand tools, with particular emphasis on their physiological and subjective responses and the factors that influence them. The measurements were made during a broader investigation to determine the most intense fire that could be suppressed by hand tools, by bulldozers, and by air tankers. The investigation was carried out during three successive summers in dry eucalypt forests of Western Australia and Victoria. Four crews, each of 7 or 8 male firefighters, were studied while they attempted, for periods of 35-220 minutes, to suppress well-developed experimental bushfires with hand tools, and also while they built fireline in the same way without fire. Additional studies were made under controlled conditions: outdoors in the forest, indoors in field laboratories, and in a climatic chamber in Sydney. Most of the measurements were also made on the scientific observers, who shared the firefighters' environment but performed less strenuous work. All findings were highly consistent over the four crews, three summers, and two States and are thus generally applicable to bushfire suppression with hand tools in southern Australia.
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Parsons, R. F. "Carpobrotus modestus(Aizoaceae), a post-fire pioneer in semi-arid southern Australia." Journal of Arid Environments 37, no. 3 (November 1997): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1997.0288.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

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Keifer, MaryBeth 1963. "Age structure and fire disturbance in the southern Sierra Nevada subalpine forest." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278045.

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I used age structure to examine the role of fire disturbance and climate on the population dynamics of the subalpine forest in the southern Sierra Nevada. I cored trees on ten 0.1 ha plots (3300-3400 m elevation) that varied in species composition, from single-species foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) or lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, var. murrayana), to mixed-species stands of both pines. Crossdating was used to produce accurate dates of tree recruitment and fire events. Age structure varied by plot species composition: lodgepole pine recruitment pattern is pulsed, sometimes forming single-cohort patches in response to fire; foxtail pine plots have a more steady pattern of recruitment; mixed-species plots show an intermediate recruitment pattern. Fire may maintain a species composition mosaic in the subalpine forest. Foxtail pine regeneration may increase in areas opened by fire, although not immediately following fire. Low-intensity fire may spread over areas larger than previously reported under certain conditions in the subalpine zone. In addition, unusually frequent, extreme, and/or extended periods of drought may severely limit subalpine tree regeneration. Growing season frost events and grazing before 1900 may also have affected trees establishing in the subalpine zone.
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Conedera, Marco [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kramer. "Implementing fire history and fire ecology in fire risk assessment : the study case of Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) / Marco Conedera. Betreuer: C. Kramer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1014099269/34.

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Shrestha, Hari Ram. "Post-fire recovery of carbon and nitrogen in sub-alpine soils of South-eastern Australia /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6963.

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The forests of south-eastern Australia, having evolved in one of the most fire-prone environments in the world, are characterized by many adaptations to recovery following burning. Thus forest ecosystems are characterized by rapid regenerative capacity, from either seed or re-sprouting, and mechanisms to recover nutrients volatilized, including an abundance of N2 fixing plants in natural assemblages. Soil physical, chemical and biological properties are directly altered during fire due to heating and oxidation of soil organic matter, and after fire due to changes in heat, light and moisture inputs. In natural ecosystems, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) lost from soil due to fires are recovered through photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation (BNF) by regenerating vegetation and soil microbes.
This study investigated post-fire recovery of soil C and N in four structurally different sub-alpine plant communities (grassland, heathland, Snowgum and Alpine ash) of south-eastern Australia which were extensively burnt by landscape-scale fires in 2003. The amount and isotopic concentration of C and N in soils to a depth of 20 cm from Alpine ash forest were assessed five years after fire in 2008 and results were integrated with measurements taken immediately prior to burning (2002) and annually afterwards.
Because the historical data set, comprised of three soil samplings over the years 2002 to 2005, consisted of soil total C and N values which were determined as an adjunct to 13C and 15N isotopic studies, it was necessary to establish the accuracy of these IRMS-derived measurements prior to further analysis of the dataset. Two well-established and robust methods for determining soil C (total C by LECO and oxidizable C by the Walkley-Black method) were compared with the IRMS total C measurement in a one-off sampling to establish equivalence prior to assembling a time-course change in soil C from immediately pre-fire to five years post-fire. The LECO and IRMS dry combustion measurements were essentially the same (r2 >0.99), while soil oxidizable C recovery by the Walkley-Black method (wet digestion) was 68% compared to the LECO/IRMS measurements of total C. Thus the total C measurement derived from the much smaller sample size (approximately 15 mg) combusted during IRMS are equivalent to LECO measurement which require about 150 mg of sample.
Both total C and N in the soil of Alpine ash forests were significantly higher than soils from Snowgum, heathland and grassland communities. The ratio of soil NH4+ to NO3- concentration was greater for Alpine ash forest and Snow gum woodland but both N-fractions were similar for heathland and grassland soils. The abundance of soil 15N and 13C was significantly depleted in Alpine ash but both isotopes were enriched in the heathland compared to the other ecosystems. Abundance of both 15N and 13C increased with soil depth.
The natural abundance of 15N and 13C in the foliage of a subset of non-N2 fixing and N2 fixing plants was measured as a guide to estimate BNF inputs. Foliage N concentration was significantly greater in N2 fixers than non-N2 fixers while C content and 13C abundance were similar in both functional groups. Abundance of 15N was depleted in the N2 fixing species but was not significantly different from the non-N2 fixers to confidently calculate BNF inputs based on the 15N abundance in the leaves.
The total C pool in soil (to 20 cm depth) had not yet returned to the pre-fire levels in 2008 and it was estimated that such levels of C would be reached in another 6-7 years (about 12 years after the fire). The C and N of soil organic matter were significantly enriched in 15N and 13C isotopes after fire and had not returned to the pre-fire levels five years after the fire. It is concluded that the soil organic N pool can recover faster than the total C pool after the fire in the Alpine ash forests.
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King, Alison Jane 1974. "Recruitment ecology of fish in floodplain rivers of the southern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Monash University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8391.

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Fisher, Judith L. "Fundamental changes to ecosystem properties and processes linked to plant invasion and fire frequency in a biodiverse woodland." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0109.

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[Truncated abstract] Mediterranean southwest Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot, has nutrient deficient soils, exacting climatic conditions and is species rich with 7380 native vascular plant species, of which 49% are endemic. The region is expected to experience one of the world's highest degrees of biodiversity loss and change in the coming decades, with introduced species presenting a major threat. Limited knowledge is available on the mechanisms of ecosystem change associated with invasion and fire in this biodiversity hotspot region. Banksia woodland, an iconic complex species-rich natural ecosystem is one of the major vegetation types of the coastal sandplain, extending from 15 to 90 km inland and 400 kms along the west coast. The following hypothesis was tested to explore the ecological impacts of invasion: Is invasion of Banksia woodland by the introduced species Ehrharta calycina and Pelargonium capitatum accompanied by an alteration in ecosystem properties and processes, whereby the degree of change is related to fire frequency and abundance of introduced species? Different vegetation conditions, i.e. Good Condition (GC), Medium Condition (MC), Poor Condition invaded by Ehrharta calycina (PCe) and Poor Condition invaded by Pelargonium capitatum (PCp) were utilized for field assessments. ... In the soil seed bank, species numbers and germinant density decreased significantly for native and seeder (fire sensitive) species between GC sites and invaded sites. Surprisingly 52% of germinants at GC sites were from introduced species, with much of the introduced soil seed bank being persistent. Native species were dominated by perennial shrubs, herbs and sedges, while introduced species were dominated by perennial and annual grasses and herbs. Invasion by introduced species, associated with frequency of fire, altered the ecosystem, thus disadvantaging native species and improving conditions for even greater invasion within the Banksia woodland. Significantly higher soil phosphorus P (total) and P (HCO3) were found at PCe and PCp sites compared to GC sites. Leaf nutrient concentrations of phosphorus were significantly higher, and potassium and copper significantly lower in PCe and PCp sites, with introduced species having significantly greater concentrations than native species (except Manganese). This study demonstrated the key role of phosphorus in the Banksia woodland, in contrast to other research which identified nitrogen as the major nutrient affected by invasion. Higher levels of soil and leaf phosphorus, loss of species diversity and function, changes in fire ecology and canopy cover and a limited native soil seed bank make restoration of a structural and functional Banksia woodland from the soil seed bank alone unlikely. Without management intervention, continuing future fire is likely to result in a transition of vegetation states from GC to MC and MC to PC. The knowledge gained from this study provides a better ecological understanding of the invasive process. This enhanced understanding will enable the development of adaptive management strategies to improve conservation practices within a biodiversity hotspot and reduce the impact of the key threatening process of invasion.
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Everaardt, Annika. "The impact of fire on the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus in the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia." Thesis, Everaardt, Annika (2003) The impact of fire on the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus in the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/66/.

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The honey possum Tarsipes rostratus is a tiny (7 - 12 g) highly specialised flower-feeding marsupial endemic to the south-western corner of Australia. The impact of fire on this small mammal was studied, over a 19-year period, in the Fitzgerald River National Park, a large (330,000 ha) area of relatively undisturbed heathland/shrubland, rich in the proteaceous and myrtaceous plants upon which the honey possum appears to rely for food. The honey possum is the most abundant and widespread mammal in this Park. Capture rates of honey possums were significantly related to the years since the vegetation was last burnt, annual rainfall in the preceding (but not the current) year, the season when trapping occurred, and the trapping grid operated. Capture rates declined markedly after fire and remained low (less than one third of those in long unburnt vegetation) for about 4 - 5 years following a fire. Rates of capture then increased steadily over the next 20 - 25 years, with maximal abundance recorded about 30 years after fire. Thereafter, there appeared to be a slight decline in capture rates, but even in the vegetation unburnt for longest (> 50 years since fire), honey possum abundance was substantial and relatively stable. In contrast to these changes in abundance, the structure of the honey possum population, with 79 % adults and 57 % males, appeared little influenced by fire history, annual rainfall, season or grid. The increase in the rates of capture of honey possums following fire paralleled the pattern of availability of cover in the vertical and, to a lesser extent, horizontal plane. Indeed, projective foliage cover took around 20 years after fire to reach levels similar to those available in areas unburnt for even longer. The trend in capture rates was also congruent with the maturation of the most frequently visited foodplants of honey possums, particularly Banksia nutans (summer flowering) and B. baueri (winter flowering). Areas long unburnt still contained shelter and foodplants adequate for honey possums even 50 years or more after fire, with only slight evidence of senescence. Pollen loads indicated that honey possums caught in burnt areas, where their preferred foodplants were absent, continued to feed on these favoured foodplants (Banksia and Dryandra spp.) at nearby unburnt areas. In addition, they also fed, in both burnt and long unburnt areas, upon a suite of other plant species that regenerated more rapidly from lignotubers and epicormic buds, as well as from seeds (e.g. Eucalyptus and Calothamnus spp.). Thus, honey possums appeared to persist with their preferences for feeding from a limited number of flowering plants despite some of these species not being available in recently burnt areas for many years. Nearby patches of unburnt vegetation can clearly be important refuges, feeding grounds and shelter for the few honey possums that visit recently burnt areas, and appear to be the source of honey possum colonists in the years following a fire. Capture rates were also greater following years when rainfall was higher than average. Indeed, rainfall had as great an influence upon capture rates as time since fire. Capture rates were also consistently higher over winter, and to a lesser extent over summer, than in either autumn or spring. Individual grids, even those close together in apparently similar vegetation with a similar fire history, still differed significantly overall in their capture rates of honey possums. This last finding has implications for the use of chronosequences in the study of post-fire changes in biota. Although not the primary focus of the study, data on the limited suite of other, far less abundant, small mammals present indicated that house mouse Mus musculus domesticus numbers peak soon after fire (about two years after fire), grey-bellied dunnart Sminthopsis griseoventer numbers somewhat later (about eight years after fire) and that southern bush rats Rattus fuscipes fiuscipes, like honey possums, are later successional species. Most species were present in vegetation over a range of post-fire ages, with data consistent with models based on sequential changes in relative abundance. Like many Australian mammals, the range of the honey possum has contracted substantially over the last 200 years and the coastal heathlands of the south-west are its last stronghold. In terms of its conservation, this study indicates that, if possible, management burns in these heathlands should be separated by intervals of at least 20 years between successive burns, and preferably even longer. If burns are required more frequently to meet other management priorities, it is highly preferable that they are small and patchy, rather than large scale. Such practices may help ensure the long-term survival of this unique, highly specialised and endemic marsupial.
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Everaardt, Annika. "The impact of fire on the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus in the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia." Everaardt, Annika (2003) The impact of fire on the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus in the Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/66/.

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The honey possum Tarsipes rostratus is a tiny (7 - 12 g) highly specialised flower-feeding marsupial endemic to the south-western corner of Australia. The impact of fire on this small mammal was studied, over a 19-year period, in the Fitzgerald River National Park, a large (330,000 ha) area of relatively undisturbed heathland/shrubland, rich in the proteaceous and myrtaceous plants upon which the honey possum appears to rely for food. The honey possum is the most abundant and widespread mammal in this Park. Capture rates of honey possums were significantly related to the years since the vegetation was last burnt, annual rainfall in the preceding (but not the current) year, the season when trapping occurred, and the trapping grid operated. Capture rates declined markedly after fire and remained low (less than one third of those in long unburnt vegetation) for about 4 - 5 years following a fire. Rates of capture then increased steadily over the next 20 - 25 years, with maximal abundance recorded about 30 years after fire. Thereafter, there appeared to be a slight decline in capture rates, but even in the vegetation unburnt for longest (> 50 years since fire), honey possum abundance was substantial and relatively stable. In contrast to these changes in abundance, the structure of the honey possum population, with 79 % adults and 57 % males, appeared little influenced by fire history, annual rainfall, season or grid. The increase in the rates of capture of honey possums following fire paralleled the pattern of availability of cover in the vertical and, to a lesser extent, horizontal plane. Indeed, projective foliage cover took around 20 years after fire to reach levels similar to those available in areas unburnt for even longer. The trend in capture rates was also congruent with the maturation of the most frequently visited foodplants of honey possums, particularly Banksia nutans (summer flowering) and B. baueri (winter flowering). Areas long unburnt still contained shelter and foodplants adequate for honey possums even 50 years or more after fire, with only slight evidence of senescence. Pollen loads indicated that honey possums caught in burnt areas, where their preferred foodplants were absent, continued to feed on these favoured foodplants (Banksia and Dryandra spp.) at nearby unburnt areas. In addition, they also fed, in both burnt and long unburnt areas, upon a suite of other plant species that regenerated more rapidly from lignotubers and epicormic buds, as well as from seeds (e.g. Eucalyptus and Calothamnus spp.). Thus, honey possums appeared to persist with their preferences for feeding from a limited number of flowering plants despite some of these species not being available in recently burnt areas for many years. Nearby patches of unburnt vegetation can clearly be important refuges, feeding grounds and shelter for the few honey possums that visit recently burnt areas, and appear to be the source of honey possum colonists in the years following a fire. Capture rates were also greater following years when rainfall was higher than average. Indeed, rainfall had as great an influence upon capture rates as time since fire. Capture rates were also consistently higher over winter, and to a lesser extent over summer, than in either autumn or spring. Individual grids, even those close together in apparently similar vegetation with a similar fire history, still differed significantly overall in their capture rates of honey possums. This last finding has implications for the use of chronosequences in the study of post-fire changes in biota. Although not the primary focus of the study, data on the limited suite of other, far less abundant, small mammals present indicated that house mouse Mus musculus domesticus numbers peak soon after fire (about two years after fire), grey-bellied dunnart Sminthopsis griseoventer numbers somewhat later (about eight years after fire) and that southern bush rats Rattus fuscipes fiuscipes, like honey possums, are later successional species. Most species were present in vegetation over a range of post-fire ages, with data consistent with models based on sequential changes in relative abundance. Like many Australian mammals, the range of the honey possum has contracted substantially over the last 200 years and the coastal heathlands of the south-west are its last stronghold. In terms of its conservation, this study indicates that, if possible, management burns in these heathlands should be separated by intervals of at least 20 years between successive burns, and preferably even longer. If burns are required more frequently to meet other management priorities, it is highly preferable that they are small and patchy, rather than large scale. Such practices may help ensure the long-term survival of this unique, highly specialised and endemic marsupial.
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Steers, Robert Jeremy. "Invasive plants, fire succession, and restoration of Creosote bush scrub in Southern California." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1663078461&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1265220063&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2008.
Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Febrary 3, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Penfold, Christopher Morant. "The relative sustainability of organic, biodynamic, integrated and conventional broadacre farming systems in Southern Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asp3984.pdf.

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Powers, John William. "Stand Dynamics in a Southern Appalachian Montane Pine Barren, Warm Springs Mountain, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34767.

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Virginia's only montane pine barren, located in the Warm Springs Mountain Nature Preserve in the Allegheny Highlands of western Virginia is likely threatened by successional changes initiated by a history of fire suppression. Dominated by early successional fire adapted species, such as dwarfed Pinus rigida (Mill.) and Quercus ilicifolia (Wangenh.), this shrubland is home to numerous rare plants and invertebrates. We used vegetation analysis and dendrochronology to document establishment and recruitment patterns and to identify successional trends at this site. Tree establishment of the dominant tree species (P. rigida and Quercus rubra L.) peaked following the last known fire event in the early 1930s. Vegetation analysis revealed an absence of P. rigida seedling recruitment as well as a low density of fire adapted species such as Q. ilicifolia. In contrast, Q. rubra is represented in a variety of age classes and shade tolerant trees such as Acer rubrum (L.) and Pinus strobus (L.) are beginning to establish. A dense understory of ericaceous shrubs and a thick litter layer appear to inhibit recruitment of P. rigida and other early successional species pointing to the need for active management in the form of prescribed burns, which have been effective in other pine barrens.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

1

Gill, A. M. Bibliography of fire ecology in Australia. 2nd ed. Sydney: Bushfire Council of New South Wales, 1989.

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Natural gain: In the grazing lands of Southern Australia. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2000.

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Strelein, G. J. Site classification in the southern jarrah forest of Western Australia. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1988.

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A, Bradstock R., Williams Jann E. 1961-, and Gill A. M, eds. Flammable Australia: The fire regimes and biodiverstiy of a continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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Rosentreter, Roger. Restoring winter game ranges in southern Idaho. Boise, Idaho: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1986.

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Attiwill, P. M. (Peter Muecke), ed. Burning issues: Sustainability and management of Australia's southern forests. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 2011.

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W, Van Wilgen B., ed. Fire in southern African savannas: Ecological and atmospheric perspectives. Johannesburg, South Africa: Witwatersrand University Press, 1997.

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Pyne, Stephen J. Burning bush: A fire history of Australia. New York, N.Y: Holt, 1991.

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Wade, Dale D. Effects of fire on southern pine: Observations and recommendations. Asheville, N.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Wade, Dale D. A guide for prescribed fire in southern forests. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Region, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

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Jacobs, S. W. L., and Margaret A. Brock. "Wetlands of Australia: Southern (temperate) Australia." In Wetlands of the world: Inventory, ecology and management Volume I, 244–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8212-4_8.

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Chokkalingam, Unna, Iwan Kurniawan, Suyanto, Rizki Pandu Permana, Meilanie Buitenzorgy, and Robiyanto Hendro Susanto. "Fire and land use effects on biodiversity in the southern Sumatran wetlands." In Tropical Fire Ecology, 355–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77381-8_13.

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Andersen, Alan N. "Fire ecology and management." In Landscape and Vegetation Ecology of the Kakadu Region, Northern Australia, 179–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0133-9_9.

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Bowman, David M. J. S., and Sam W. Wood. "Fire-driven land cover change in Australia and W.D. Jackson’s theory of the fire ecology of southwest Tasmania." In Tropical Fire Ecology, 87–111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77381-8_4.

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Vallejo, V. Ramón, Margarita Arianoutsou, and Francisco Moreira. "Fire Ecology and Post-Fire Restoration Approaches in Southern European Forest Types." In Managing Forest Ecosystems, 93–119. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8_5.

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van Etten, Eddie J. B., and Neil D. Burrows. "On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone: ‘Fire Regimes and Ecology of Arid Australia’." In On the Ecology of Australia’s Arid Zone, 243–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93943-8_10.

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Moreira, Francisco, Filipe Catry, Inês Duarte, Vanda Acácio, and Joaquim Sande Silva. "A conceptual model of sprouting responses in relation to fire damage: an example with cork oak (Quercus suber L.) trees in Southern Portugal." In Forest Ecology, 77–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_7.

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Burridge, Kate, and Carolin Biewer. "Where Grammar Meets Culture: Pronominal Systems in Australasia and the South Pacific Revisited." In Exploring the Ecology of World Englishes in the Twenty-first Century, 260–79. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462853.003.0013.

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Kate Burridge and Carolin Biewer examine the pronoun systems used in varieties of English in Australia and South Pacific territories, drawing on fieldwork studies in the region. Although nonstandard pronominal forms are attested around the anglophone world (and thus angloversals), those found in this southern hemisphere region for the first-person plural are special to it (and thus areoversals). In Norf’k (Norfolk Island English), the pronouns auwa/uklan are used to affirm insider status in the island community and exclude outsiders; the dual inclusive plural form hemi/ himii, meaning ‘the two of us’, again makes a special distinction in the pronoun system. Elsewhere – in the Cook Islands – the use of we all serves to indicate a collectivity (for example, that of a family) contrasting with the unmarked we, used to refer to the larger island community. These special first-person plural pronouns thus represent fine-grained linguistic constructions of social solidarity within these island cultures. Even where pronoun uses look similar to ENL, local functions reveal regional differences fostered by the local sociocultural context.
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"Analysis of wheat–sheep farming in southern Australia." In Crop Ecology, 428–49. Cambridge University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139170161.021.

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Williams, Jann E. "Fire and biodiversity: understanding and managing the impacts of fire on forest biodiversity in south eastern Australia." In Ecology, Uncertainty and Policy, 191–208. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315847832-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

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Karp, Allison T., Jake W. Andrae, Francesca A. McInerney, Pratigya J. Polissar, and Katherine H. Freeman. "MOLECULAR INSIGHTS ON FIRE ECOLOGY AND CARBON CYCLING DURING THE NEOGENE C4 EXPANSION IN AUSTRALIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334558.

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Reports on the topic "Fire ecology Australia, Southern"

1

Hood, Sharon M., and Melanie Miller. Fire ecology and management of the major ecosystems of southern Utah. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-202.

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Lindow, Steven E., Shulamit Manulis, Dan Zutra, and Dan Gaash. Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568106.bard.

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The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.
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