Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fire-atmosphere

Academic literature on the topic 'Fire-atmosphere'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Peace, Mika, Trent Mattner, Graham Mills, Jeffrey Kepert, and Lachlan McCaw. "Fire-Modified Meteorology in a Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Model." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 3 (March 2015): 704–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0063.1.

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AbstractThe coupled fire–atmosphere model consisting of the Weather and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with the fire-spread model (SFIRE) module has been used to simulate a bushfire at D’Estrees Bay on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, in December 2007. Initial conditions for the simulations were provided by two global analyses: the GFS operational analysis and ERA-Interim. For each NWP initialization, the simulations were run with and without feedback from the fire to the atmospheric model. The focus of this study was examining how the energy fluxes from the simulated fire modified the local meteorological environment. With feedback enabled, the propagation speed of the sea-breeze frontal line was faster and vertical motion in the frontal zone was enhanced. For one of the initial conditions with feedback on, a vortex developed adjacent to the head fire and remained present for over 5 h of simulation time. The vortex was not present without fire–atmosphere feedback. The results show that the energy fluxes released by a fire can effect significant changes on the surrounding mesoscale atmosphere. This has implications for the appropriate use of weather parameters extracted from NWP and used in prediction for fire operations. These meteorological modifications also have implications for anticipating likely fire behavior.
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Simpson, C. C., J. J. Sharples, and J. P. Evans. "Resolving vorticity-driven lateral fire spread using the WRF-Fire coupled atmosphere–fire numerical model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 9 (September 5, 2014): 2359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2359-2014.

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Abstract. Vorticity-driven lateral fire spread (VLS) is a form of dynamic fire behaviour, during which a wildland fire spreads rapidly across a steep leeward slope in a direction approximately transverse to the background winds. VLS is often accompanied by a downwind extension of the active flaming region and intense pyro-convection. In this study, the WRF-Fire (WRF stands for Weather Research and Forecasting) coupled atmosphere–fire model is used to examine the sensitivity of resolving VLS to both the horizontal and vertical grid spacing, and the fire-to-atmosphere coupling from within the model framework. The atmospheric horizontal and vertical grid spacing are varied between 25 and 90 m, and the fire-to-atmosphere coupling is either enabled or disabled. At high spatial resolutions, the inclusion of fire-to-atmosphere coupling increases the upslope and lateral rate of spread by factors of up to 2.7 and 9.5, respectively. This increase in the upslope and lateral rate of spread diminishes at coarser spatial resolutions, and VLS is not modelled for a horizontal and vertical grid spacing of 90 m. The lateral fire spread is driven by fire whirls formed due to an interaction between the background winds and the vertical circulation generated at the flank of the fire front as part of the pyro-convective updraft. The laterally advancing fire fronts become the dominant contributors to the extreme pyro-convection. The results presented in this study demonstrate that both high spatial resolution and two-way atmosphere–fire coupling are required to model VLS with WRF-Fire.
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Simpson, C. C., J. J. Sharples, and J. P. Evans. "Resolving vorticity-driven lateral fire spread using the WRF-Fire coupled atmosphere-fire numerical model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (May 16, 2014): 3499–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-3499-2014.

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Abstract. Fire channelling is a form of dynamic fire behaviour, during which a wildland fire spreads rapidly across a steep lee-facing slope in a direction transverse to the background winds, and is often accompanied by a downwind extension of the active flaming region and extreme pyro-convection. Recent work using the WRF-Fire coupled atmosphere-fire model has demonstrated that fire channelling can be characterised as vorticity-driven lateral fire spread (VDLS). In this study, 16 simulations are conducted using WRF-Fire to examine the sensitivity of resolving VDLS to spatial resolution and atmosphere-fire coupling within the WRF-Fire model framework. The horizontal grid spacing is varied between 25 and 90 m, and the two-way atmosphere-fire coupling is either enabled or disabled. At high spatial resolution, the atmosphere-fire coupling increases the peak uphill and lateral spread rate by a factor of up to 2.7 and 9.5. The enhancement of the uphill and lateral spread rate diminishes at coarser spatial resolution, and VDLS is not modelled for a horizontal grid spacing of 90 m. The laterally spreading fire fronts become the dominant contributors of the extreme pyro-convection. The resolved fire-induced vortices responsible for driving the lateral spread in the coupled simulations have non-zero vorticity along each unit vector direction, and develop due to an interaction between the background winds and vertical return circulations generated at the flank of the fire front as part of the pyro-convective updraft. The results presented in this study demonstrate that both high spatial resolution and two-way atmosphere-fire coupling are required to reproduce VDLS within the current WRF-Fire model framework.
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Peace, Mika, Trent Mattner, Graham Mills, Jeffrey Kepert, and Lachlan McCaw. "Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Simulations of the Rocky River Fire Using WRF-SFIRE." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 5 (May 2016): 1151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0157.1.

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AbstractThe coupled atmosphere–fire spread model “WRF-SFIRE” has been used to simulate a fire where extreme fire behavior was observed. Tall flames and a dense convective smoke column were features of the fire as it burned rapidly up the Rocky River gully on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. WRF-SFIRE simulations of the event show a number of interesting dynamical processes resulting from fire–atmosphere feedback, including the following: fire spread was sensitive to small changes in mean wind direction; fire perimeter was affected by wind convergence resulting from interactions between the fire, atmosphere, and local topography; and the fire plume mixed high-momentum air from above a strong subsidence inversion. At 1-min intervals, output from the simulations showed fire spread exhibiting fast and slow pulses. These pulses occurred coincident with the passage of mesoscale convective (Rayleigh–Bénard) cells in the planetary boundary layer. Simulations show that feedback between the fire and atmosphere may have contributed to the observed extreme fire behavior. The findings raise questions as to the appropriate information to include in meteorological forecasts for fires as well as future use of coupled and uncoupled fire simulation models in both operational and research settings.
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Goodrick, Scott L. "Special Issue Fire and the Atmosphere." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010066.

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Fardell, P. J., Janet M. Murrell, and J. V. Murrell. "Chemical ?fingerprint? studies of fire atmosphere." Fire and Materials 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100105.

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Mandel, J., J. D. Beezley, and A. K. Kochanski. "Coupled atmosphere-wildland fire modeling with WRF-Fire version 3.3." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2011): 497–545. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-497-2011.

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Abstract. We describe the physical model, numerical algorithms, and software structure of WRF-Fire. WRF-Fire consists of a fire-spread model, implemented by the level-set method, coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In every time step, the fire model inputs the surface wind, which drives the fire, and outputs the heat flux from the fire into the atmosphere, which in turn influences the atmosphere. The level-set method allows submesh representation of the burning region and flexible implementation of various kinds of ignition. WRF-Fire is distributed as a part of WRF and it uses the WRF parallel infrastructure for parallel computing.
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Dahl, Nathan, Haidong Xue, Xiaolin Hu, and Ming Xue. "Coupled fire–atmosphere modeling of wildland fire spread using DEVS-FIRE and ARPS." Natural Hazards 77, no. 2 (February 8, 2015): 1013–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1640-y.

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Clark, Terry L., Janice Coen, and Don Latham. "Description of a coupled atmosphere - fire model." International Journal of Wildland Fire 13, no. 1 (2004): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf03043.

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This paper describes a coupled fire–atmosphere model that uses a sophisticated high-resolution non-hydrostatic numerical mesoscale model to predict the local winds which are then used as input to the prediction of fire spread. The heat and moisture fluxes from the fire are then fed back to the dynamics, allowing the fire to influence its own mesoscale winds that in turn affect the fire behavior. This model is viewed as a research model and as such requires a fireline propagation scheme that systematically converges with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this, a local contour advection scheme was developed to track the fireline using four tracer particles per fuel cell, which define the area of burning fuel. Using the dynamically predicted winds along with the terrain slope and fuel characteristics, algorithms from the BEHAVE system are used to predict the spread rates. A mass loss rate calculation, based on results of the BURNUP fuel burnout model, is used to treat heat exchange between the fire and atmosphere. Tests were conducted with the uncoupled model to test the fire-spread algorithm under specified wind conditions for both spot and line fires. Using tall grass and chaparral, line fires were simulated employing the full fire–atmosphere coupling. Results from two of these experiments show the effects of fire propagation over a small hill. As with previous coupled experiments, the present results show a number of features common to real fires. For example, we show how the well-recognized elliptical fireline shape is a direct result of fire–atmosphere interactions that produce the ‘heading’, ‘flanking’, and ‘backing’ regions of a wind-driven fire with their expected behavior. And, we see how perturbations upon this shape sometimes amplify to become fire whirls along the flanks, which are transported to the head of the fire where they may interact to produce erratic fire behavior.
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Clark, Terry L., Mary Ann Jenkins, Janice Coen, and David Packham. "A Coupled Atmosphere–Fire Model: Convective Feedback on Fire-Line Dynamics." Journal of Applied Meteorology 35, no. 6 (June 1996): 875–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0875:acamcf>2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Contezac, Jonathan M. "Micrometeorological Observations of Fire-Atmosphere Interactions and Fire Behavior on a Simple Slope." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10937563.

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An experiment was designed to capture micrometeorological observations during a fire spread on a simple slope. Three towers equipped with a variety of instrumentation, an array of fire-sensing packages, and a Doppler lidar was deployed to measure various aspects of the fire. Pressure and temperature perturbations were analyzed for each of the grid packages to determine if the fire intensity could be observed in the covariance of the two variables. While two of the packages measured a covariance less than –15 °C hPa, there was no clear trend across the grid. The fire front passage at each of the three towers on the slope yielded extreme swings in observed turbulent kinetic energy and sensible heat flux. Vertical velocity turbulence spectra showed that the high-intensity fire front passage at the bottom tower was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than the low-intensity fire front passages at the top two towers. Opposing wind regimes on the slope caused a unique L-shaped pattern to form in the fire front. A vorticity estimation from the sonic anemometers showed that vorticity reached a maximum just as a fire whirl formed in the bend of the L-shaped fire front, leading to a rapid increase in fire spread.

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Yedinak, Kara M. "Characterization of smoke plume emissions and dynamics from prescribed and wildland fires using high-resolution field observations and a coupled fire-atmosphere model." Thesis, Washington State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3611321.

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Smoke plumes associated with wildland fires are difficult to characterize due to the non-linear behavior of the variables involved. Plume chemistry is largely modeled using emission factors to represent the relative trace gas and aerosol species emitted. Plume dynamics are modeled based on assumptions of plume vertical distribution and atmospheric dispersion. In the studies presented here, near and in-source measurements of emissions from prescribed burns are used to characterize the variability of emission factors from low-intensity fires. Emissions factors were found to be in the same range as those from other, similar studies in the literature and it appears that the emission factors may be sensitive to small differences in surface conditions such as fuel moisture, surface wind speed, and the ratio of live to dead fuels. We also used two coupled fire atmosphere models, which utilize the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model called WRF-Fire and WRF-Sfire, to investigate the role that atmospheric stability plays in influencing plume rise as well as developing a technique for assessing plume rise and the vertical distribution of pollutants in regional air quality models. Plume heights, as well as rate of growth of the fire, were found to be sensitive to atmospheric stability while fire rate of spread was not. The plume center-of-mass technique was demonstrated to work well but has slightly low estimates compared to observations.

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Chakraborty, Soham. "DATA ASSIMILATION AND VISUALIZATION FOR ENSEMBLE WILDLAND FIRE MODELS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/529.

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This thesis describes an observation function for a dynamic data driven application system designed to produce short range forecasts of the behavior of a wildland fire. The thesis presents an overview of the atmosphere-fire model, which models the complex interactions between the fire and the surrounding weather and the data assimilation module which is responsible for assimilating sensor information into the model. Observation plays an important role in data assimilation as it is used to estimate the model variables at the sensor locations. Also described is the implementation of a portable and user friendly visualization tool which displays the locations of wildfires in the Google Earth virtual globe.
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Perelli, Matteo. "Pool fires in open atmosphere and in air-tight compartments: experimental measurements and mathematical predictions of the heat release rate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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The energy consumption in Europe is for the 40% accountable to households and the building sector. In the European Directive 2010/31/EU the main topic is the construction of highly efficient dwellings exploiting renewable sources of energy and engineered methodologies to heat up and insulate their premises. Passive houses are one example of these highly efficient constructions. Inside these new hazards can be outlined when a fire is triggered. The main parameter that has to be focused is pressure, which is the most important value when an occupant has to open a door to escape from a fire. The maximum force that a person can exert to open a door is 133 N. In the literature high values of overpressure have been reported, which means that this value of force is undoubtedly overcome, preventing the inhabitant to open the door to escape. Simulations with the use of the software FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) were carried out to show whether it is able to predict the heat release rate of a heptane pool fire. Firstly, heptane pool fires were simulated outdoor. Then, comparisons were drawn with experimental tests to explain the positive aspects and the drawbacks faced in the study. Secondly, the heptane pool fires were put inside a building, representing the passive house. The first step about the prediction of the heat release rate did not give consistent outcomes, involving a high heat flux on the pool surface, resulting in an important overestimation of the heat release rate. Instead, fixing the heat release for fires inside the enclosure shows good agreement, however mistakes in the temperature field of the gas phase showed up. In conclusion, the software FDS can be considered a reliable software to predict the heat release rate for heptane pool fires in open atmosphere. Nonetheless, inside a building, important drawbacks have been displayed which are not present, at least not at a such high level, for a fire in which the heat release rate results fixed as an input data.
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Peace, Marika. "Coupled fire-atmosphere simulations of three Australian fires where unusual fire behaviour occurred." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90794.

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Predicting where and how a fire will burn is critical information for mitigating the impacts of bushfires and minimising risk at fuel reduction burns. Firefighter entrapments and fatalities occur mostly at fires that display rapid changes or fluctuations in fire activity. In this thesis, I explore several of the factors that lead to rapid changes in fire behaviour. Understanding these factors is necessary in order to produce accurate fire predictions, which are critical for fire-fighter safety and effective operations. Weather is a primary driver of fire activity; consequently, meteorological information is a key input for anticipating fire behaviour. At present, weather forecasts focus on near-surface conditions; but fires and the atmosphere are three dimensional, and dynamical interactions occur that can have a dramatic influence on fire behaviour. However, these fire-atmosphere interactions are poorly understood due to their complex nature and the difficulty of collecting observational data from a bushfire. In order to further understanding of dynamical interactions between a fire and the surrounding atmosphere, we have simulated three Australian fires where unexpected fire activity occurred, using the coupled fire-atmosphere model WRF and SFIRE. The coupled simulations have been run in feedback on and feedback off mode in order to assess the impact that the fires have on their surrounding atmosphere. The results show significant changes to the mesoscale atmospheric structure as result of the energy released by the fire. Computational fire behaviour models are being used by fire managers in real time and this use will grow in the future. The question is, given we know that fires affect the surrounding atmospheric flow; what weather inputs should the fire models of the future use? The Australian fire science community is currently presented with the opportunity and the challenge to design, develop, and implement fire behaviour simulation models that contain appropriate and comprehensive meteorological inputs. The results presented in this thesis are thought provoking for the current approach to fire weather forecasts and for the use and development of computational fire simulations in the future.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2014
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SHI, ZHAO-FANG, and 施肇芳. "A numerical simulation of turbulent wall fire in a stratified atmosphere." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07618602099531958486.

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PAN, SHENG-WEI, and 潘昇煒. "The experiment of laminar vertical wall fire in a stratified ambient atmosphere." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76359331751015654601.

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Proulx, Louis-Xavier. "Étude numérique et asymptotique d'une approche couplée pour la simulation de la propagation de feux de forêt avec l'effet du vent en terrain complexe." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20586.

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Books on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Kulkarni, A. K. Vertical wall fire in a stratified atmosphere. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.

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Glikson, Andrew Y. Evolution of the Atmosphere, Fire and the Anthropocene Climate Event Horizon. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7332-5.

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Timko, Robert J. Applying atmospheric status equations to data collected from a sealed mine, post-fire atmosphere. Washington, DC: Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1991.

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Timko, Robert J. Applying atmospheric status equations to data collected from a sealed mine, post-fire atmosphere. Washington, D.C: Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1991.

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The elements: Earth, air, fire, water. New York: Abbeville Kids, 1996.

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Glikson, Andrew Y. Evolution of the Atmosphere, Fire and the Anthropocene Climate Event Horizon. Springer, 2013.

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Glikson, Andrew Y. Evolution of the Atmosphere, Fire and the Anthropocene Climate Event Horizon. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Adarsh, Deepak, Green, Alex Edward Samuel, 1919-, and Stolarski Richard, eds. Alex Green Festschrift: Contributions in operations analysis, nuclear and atomic physics, atmospheric science, and fire research. Hampton, Virginia: Deepak Pub., 1994.

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How Artists See the Elements : Earth, Air, Fire, Water. Abbeville Press, Incorporated, 1996.

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The Elements: Earth Air Fire Water (How Artists See). Abbeville Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Jenkins, Mary Ann. "Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Interactions." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_77-1.

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Jenkins, Mary Ann. "Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Interactions." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 165–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_77.

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Levine, Joel S., and Wesley R. Cofer. "Boreal Forest Fire Emissions and the Chemistry of the Atmosphere." In Ecological Studies, 31–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21629-4_3.

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Goodrick, Scott L., Leland W. Tarnay, Bret A. Anderson, Janice L. Coen, James H. Furman, Rodman R. Linn, Philip J. Riggan, and Christopher C. Schmidt. "Fire Behavior and Heat Release as Source Conditions for Smoke Modeling." In Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States, 51–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4_3.

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AbstractModeling smoke dispersion from wildland fires is a complex problem. Heat and emissions are released from a fire front as well as from post-frontal combustion, and both are continuously evolving in space and time, providing an emission source that is unlike the industrial sources for which most dispersion models were originally designed. Convective motions driven by the fire’s heat release strongly couple the fire to the atmosphere, influencing the development and dynamics of the smoke plume. This chapter examines how fire events are described in the smoke modeling process and explores new research tools that may offer potential improvements to these descriptions and can reduce uncertainty in smoke model inputs. Remote sensing will help transition these research tools to operations by providing a safe and reliable means of measuring the fire environment at the space and time scales relevant to fire behavior.
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Prichard, Susan J., Eric M. Rowell, Andrew T. Hudak, Robert E. Keane, E. Louise Loudermilk, Duncan C. Lutes, Roger D. Ottmar, Linda M. Chappell, John A. Hall, and Benjamin S. Hornsby. "Fuels and Consumption." In Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States, 11–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4_2.

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AbstractWildland fuels, defined as the combustible biomass of live and dead vegetation, are foundational to fire behavior, ecological effects, and smoke modeling. Along with weather and topography, the composition, structure and condition of wildland fuels drive fire spread, consumption, heat release, plume production and smoke dispersion. To refine inputs to existing and next-generation smoke modeling tools, improved characterization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of wildland fuels is necessary. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models that resolve fire–atmosphere interactions offer a promising new approach to smoke prediction. CFD models rely on three-dimensional (3D) characterization of wildland fuelbeds (trees, shrubs, herbs, downed wood and forest floor fuels). Advances in remote sensing technologies are leading to novel ways to measure wildland fuels and map them at sub-meter to multi-kilometer scales as inputs to next-generation fire and smoke models. In this chapter, we review traditional methods to characterize fuel, describe recent advances in the fields of fuel and consumption science to inform smoke science, and discuss emerging issues and challenges.
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Jaffe, Daniel A., David L. Peterson, Sarah M. McCaffrey, John A. Hall, and Timothy J. Brown. "Assessing the State of Smoke Science." In Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4_1.

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AbstractRecent large wildfires in the USA have exposed millions of people to smoke, with major implications for health and other social and economic values. Prescribed burning for ecosystem health purposes and hazardous fuel reduction also adds smoke to the atmosphere, in some cases affecting adjacent communities. However, we currently lack an appropriate assessment framework that looks past the planned versus unplanned nature of a fire and assesses the environmental conditions under which particular fires burn, their socio-ecological settings, and implications for smoke production and management. A strong scientific foundation is needed to address wildland fire smoke challenges, especially given that degraded air quality and smoke exposure will likely increase in extent and severity as the climate gets warmer. It will be especially important to provide timely and accurate smoke information to help communities mitigate potential smoke impacts from ongoing wildfires, as well as from planned prescribed fires. This assessment focuses on primary physical, chemical, biological, and social considerations by documenting our current understanding of smoke science and how the research community can collaborate with resource managers and regulators to advance smoke science over the next decade.
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Liu, Yongqiang, Warren E. Heilman, Brian E. Potter, Craig B. Clements, William A. Jackson, Nancy H. F. French, Scott L. Goodrick, et al. "Smoke Plume Dynamics." In Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States, 83–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4_4.

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AbstractSmoke plume dynamic science focuses on understanding the various smoke processes that control the movement and mixing of smoke. A current challenge facing this research is providing timely and accurate smoke information for the increasing area burned by wildfires in the western USA. This chapter synthesizes smoke plume research from the past decade to evaluate the current state of science and identify future research needs. Major advances have been achieved in measurements and modeling of smoke plume rise, dispersion, transport, and superfog; interactions with fire, atmosphere, and canopy; and applications to smoke management. The biggest remaining gaps are the lack of high-resolution coupled fire, smoke, and atmospheric modeling systems, and simultaneous measurements of these components. The science of smoke plume dynamics is likely to improve through development and implementation of: improved observational capabilities and computational power; new approaches and tools for data integration; varied levels of observations, partnerships, and projects focused on field campaigns and operational management; and new efforts to implement fire and stewardship strategies and transition research on smoke dynamics into operational tools. Recent research on a number of key smoke plume dynamics has improved our understanding of coupled smoke modeling systems, modeling tools that use field campaign data, real-time smoke modeling and prediction, and smoke from duff burning. This new research will lead to better predictions of smoke production and transport, including the influence of a warmer climate on smoke.
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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Evelyne Touré N’Datchoh, Véronique Yoboué, Arona Diedhiou, and Bernhard Vogel. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1515–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.

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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Coen, Janice, Miguel Cruz, Daniel Rosales-Giron, and Kevin Speer. "Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Model Evaluation and Challenges." In Wildland Fire Dynamics, 209–49. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108683241.008.

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Zhang, Jiawei, Marwan Katurji, Peyman Zawar-Reza, and cTara Strand. "The role of helicity and fire-atmosphere turbulent energy transfer on potential wildfire behavior." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1539–49. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_235.

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Understanding near surface fire-atmosphere interactions at turbulence scale is fundamental for predicting fire spread behavior. This study investigated the fire-atmosphere interaction and the accompanying energy transport processes within the convective boundary layer. Three groups of large eddy simulations (LES) representing common ranges of convective boundary layer conditions (resulting from land surface heat flux ranging from 120 to 360W/m2) and fire intensities (50 to 150kW/m2) were used to examine how ambient buoyancy-induced atmospheric turbulence can impact fire region heat and momentum transport. In a relatively weak convective boundary layer, the change of near-surface atmospheric turbulence caused by the buoyancy force from the fire heat release is substantial and can cause an anticorrelation of the helicity between the ambient atmosphere and the fire-induced flow. Fire-induced impact becomes much smaller in a relatively strong convective environment with ambient atmospheric flow maintaining coherent structures including vortices across the fire heating region. The helicity also shows strong correlation between the ambient atmosphere and the fire-induced flow. A further energy transport efficiency analysis shows a narrow heat transport zone above the fire line for the weak convective boundary layer scenario. This indicates confined heat release and stronger fire-induced buoyancy force. The high-efficiency heat transport zone becomes much wider in a stronger convective boundary layer which leads to a wider distribution of heat released from fire, the weaker fire-induced buoyancy force and causes less fire-induced flow-field change. The work also found counter-gradient transport zones of both momentum and heat in fire cases in the weak convective boundary layer group. The counter-gradient transport might indicate the existence of strong buoyancy-induced mixing processes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Greenwood, Jhamieka, Bryan Quaife, and Kevin Speer. "A GPU-Accelerated Hydrodynamics Solver For Atmosphere-Fire Interactions." In SIGGRAPH '22: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3532719.3543263.

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Kim, Hyeong-Jin, and David G. Lilley. "Problems and Sample Calculations Related to Fire Development." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14680.

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Abstract Release of toxic, flammable and/or explosive materials into the atmosphere is extremely dangerous. If an ignition source is found, the resulting fire can often be devastating. Information, analysis and calculations of fire dynamic phenomena can assist in understanding and applying scientific information to real-world fire situations. Fire dynamicists can develop an appreciation for technical/scientific understanding of the phenomena and its applicability to real-world practical down-to-earth situations. Some sample calculations are exhibited to illustrate several aspects of fire behavior.
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Afonin, Sergey V., and Vladimir V. Belov. "Fire detection from space: correction for the distorting effect of the atmosphere." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Gelii A. Zherebtsov and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.675245.

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KULKARNI, A., and J. HWANG. "Free convection vertical wall fire in various types of stratified ambient atmosphere." In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-577.

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Louie, David L. Y., Samir El-Darazi, Lyndsey M. Fyffe, and James L. Clark. "MELCOR Validation Study on Multi-Room Fire." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16562.

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Abstract Estimation of radionuclide aerosol release to the environment, from fire accident scenarios, are one of the most dominant accident evaluations at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) nuclear facilities. Of particular interest to safety analysts, is estimating the radionuclide aerosol release, the Source Term (ST), based on aerosol transport from a fire room to a corridor and from the corridor to the environment. However, no existing literature has been found on estimating ST from this multi-room facility configuration. This paper contributes the following to aerosol transport modeling body of work: a validation study on a multiroom fire experiment (this includes a code-to-code comparison between MELCOR and Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport, a specialized fire code without radionuclide transport capabilities), a sensitivity study to provide insight on the effect of smoke on ST, and a sensitivity study on the effect of aerosol entrainment in the atmosphere (puff and continuous rate) on ST.
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Butz, James, and Angel Abbud-Madrid. "Testing of a Fine Water Mist Portable Fire Extinguisher in a Representative Spacecraft Atmosphere." In 40th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6241.

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"Atmosphere-fire simulation of effects of low-level jets on pyro-convective plume dynamics." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.a3.simpson.

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Giannaros, Theodore Michael, and Georgios Papavasileiou. "The Varympompi 2021 (Athens, Greece) Extreme Wildfire: Insights from Coupled Fire–Atmosphere Numerical Simulations." In ICFBR 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022017008.

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MANDEL, JAN, JONATHAN D. BEEZLEY, and VOLODYMYR Y. KONDRATENKO. "FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER WITH APPLICATION TO A COUPLED ATMOSPHERE-WILDLAND FIRE MODEL." In Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814324441_0089.

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Leach, David H. "Fire Testing of Anti-Sweat Pipe Insulation for Use on Military and Commercial Ships." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26140.

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This paper presents an overview of the fire and smoke threat to naval vessels and the measures that can be taken to counter the threat. In the confined space of a naval vessel, the damage to men and equipment from the heat, smoke, and toxic gases generated by a fire can occur rapidly. Once the fire has been extinguished, restoring the affected ship systems and cleansing the atmosphere can compromise the mission of the ship. The long-term effect of corrosive gases on electronic equipment adds to the maintenance burden on the ship and the refit facility. This paper will provide suggestions and procedures to reduce the potential for fire damage to naval vessels through the use of improved anti-sweat pipe insulation materials.
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Reports on the topic "Fire-atmosphere"

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Mercer-Smith, Janet. QUIC-Fire: 3D Fire-Atmosphere Feedback Model for Wildland Fire Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1650598.

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Bossert, J. E., J. M. Reisner, R. R. Linn, J. L. Winterkamp, R. Schaub, and P. J. Riggan. Validation of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/314171.

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Jonko, Alexandra. Advancing coupled fire-atmosphere research with HIGRAD/FIRETEC (w20_firetec) - 2021 Institutional Computing Annual Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1846908.

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