Relevant bibliographies by topics / Finnish seasons

Academic literature on the topic 'Finnish seasons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Braunschweiler, Hannu. "The fate of some pesticides in Finnish cultivated soils." Agricultural and Food Science 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72428.

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The persistence and movement of methabenzthiazuron, metazachlor, trifluralin, iprodione, fenitrothion, fenvalerate and furathiocarb was studied in one growing season in cultivated clay, finesand and organic soils in southern Finland. Trifluralin was studied for two growing seasons. Methabenzthiazuron was the most mobile pesticide and metazachlor was almost as much mobile. They leached at least 15 cm in a month. Fenitrothion and fenvalerate were the most immobile. Trifluralin was the most and fenitrothion the least persistent. The concentrations of iprodione and fenvalerate in the top soils increased towards the autumn, presumably due to leaching of pesticides from plants. The residues of trifluralin measured in the surface layer of the mineral soils at the end of the growing season might have been harfmul to plants sensitive to trifluralin. The residues of trifluralin in the peat soil surface 1.5 years after the treatment were still high. Also methabenzthiazuron, iprodine and fenvalerate residues may in all probability have been detected in the following spring. If the half-life of a pesticide is over 80 - 100 days, it is likely that residues of it may be found in the spring following the application in cultivated Finnish soils.
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Krause, Franz. "Seasons as Rhythms on the Kemi River in Finnish Lapland." Ethnos 78, no. 1 (March 2013): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2011.623303.

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Edouard, Pascal, Johan Lahti, Luca Fleres, Juha Ahtiainen, Juha-Jaakko Ulvila, Tiitus Lehtinen, Niklas Virtanen, et al. "A musculoskeletal multifactorial individualised programme for hamstring muscle injury risk reduction in professional football: results of a prospective cohort study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 2024): e001866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001866.

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ObjectiveTo test whether a musculoskeletal multifactorial and individualised hamstring muscle injury (HMI) risk reduction programme could reduce HMI risk in professional football.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in Finnish premier football league teams, with the 2019 season used as a control and an intervention conducted in the 2021 season. Screening was conducted to provide individualised programmes and monitor progress. Cox regression with hazard ratio (HR) was used with HMI as outcome and season as explanatory variable, including all players for primary analysis and those who performed the two seasons for secondary analysis.Results90 players were included in the control and 87 in the intervention seasons; 31 players performed in the 2 seasons. Twenty HMIs were recorded during the control and 16 during the intervention seasons. Cox regression analyses revealed that HMI risk at any given time was not significantly different between control and intervention seasons (for all players: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.51), p=0.444; for the 31 players: HR 0.32 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.29), p=0.110)). For the 31 players, the HMI burden was significantly reduced in the intervention compared with the control season (RR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85)). Higher compliance with knee strength training, maximal velocity exposure and lower performance reductions in maximal theoretical horizontal force and knee flexor force were associated with lower HMI incidence.ConclusionsAlthough the primary analysis did not reveal any significant effect of the intervention to reduce HMI risk in professional football, the programme was feasible, and additional secondary analyses showed a significant association between the intervention and lower HMI burden, incidence and risk.
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Oksanen, Elina, and Matti Rousi. "Differences of Betula origins in ozone sensitivity based on open-field experiment over two growing seasons." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-194.

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One-year-old seedlings of nine different white birch seed origins (Betula pendula Roth, Betula platyphylla Sukatchev var. japonica Hara, two crossings of plus trees of B. pendula, and five two-way hybrids between B. pendula, Betula resinifera Britt., and B. platyphylla) were exposed to ambient ozone (control) and 1.3 × ambient ozone concentrations over two growing seasons. At the end of each growing season, the plants were measured for leaf, stem and root growth; visible leaf injuries; leaf senescence; and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, starch, soluble protein, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and nutrient concentrations to determine the differences in ozone sensitivity among these species and hybrids and the relationship of ozone sensitivity to changes in growth pattern and tolerance to other abiotic stresses. There was a large variation in growth among seedlings of different birches (species and hybrids). In most birches, elevated ozone exposure resulted in altered resource allocation at the expense of roots, leading to reduced root/shoot ratio. In fast-growing birches, stimulated stem height and foliage growth in the second growing season indicated compensatory growth, which was accompanied by accelerated senescence of old leaves. Seedlings of B. platyphylla and those from crossings with Finnish plus trees (bred for growth) showed highest susceptibility to ozone. The hybrids between Alaskan B. resinifera and Finnish B. pendula were intermediate in ozone sensitivity, whereas the hybrids between Japanese B. platyphylla and Finnish B. pendula genotypes were of improved tolerance compared with parents. The results suggest that ozone-induced disturbances in carbon allocation favouring shoot growth pose a real risk factor for birch establishment, production, and sustainable forestry because of potential deteriorating belowground processess and long-term tree vitality.
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Prasad, Marianne, Mirka Lumia, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Heli Tapanainen, Carina Kronberg-Kippilä, Jetta Tuokkola, Ulla Uusitalo, et al. "Diet composition of pregnant Finnish women: changes over time and across seasons." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 6A (June 2010): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001138.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diet of a population of pregnant Finnish women over a period of 7 years, with special attention paid to seasonal fluctuations in food consumption and nutrient intake.DesignA validated 181-item FFQ was applied retrospectively, after delivery, to assess the maternal diet during the 8th month of pregnancy.SettingType 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study Cohort.SubjectsThe cohort comprised a total of 4880 women who had newly delivered during the years 1997–2004, with the offspring carrying increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus.ResultsOver the study period, the proportion of energy derived from fat decreased while the intake from protein and carbohydrate increased. The intake of vitamin D increased from food sources. Seasonal variation was observed in the mean daily consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries and cereals. Intake of dietary fibre, total fat, MUFA, vitamins A, D, E and C, folate and iron also showed seasonal fluctuation.ConclusionsThese results show an overall positive trend in the diet of pregnant Finnish women through the study years. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in the types of dietary fats. Although food fortification with vitamin D since 2003 was reflected in the increased intake of vitamin D from foods, the mean intake levels still fell below the recommendations. Seasonal changes in food consumption were observed and related to corresponding fluctuations in nutrient intakes. The mean folate intake fell below the recommendation throughout the year.
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Khazaei, Hamid, Frederick Stoddard, Clara Lizarazo, and Ken Street. "New sources of earliness for Finnish faba bean breeding." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75501.

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Crop yields in Finland are limited by many factors, such as the short growing season and spring drought. Thus earliness is an important breeding goal in Finnish agriculture, and is especially needed in some crops such as faba bean that have a longer growing period than cereals. During 2009-2011, 400 accessions of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) from 34 countries were evaluated for morpho-physiological traits related to drought resistance and the earliest accessions were identified. The four earliest accessions, from Cyprus and Syria, were sown in a pot experiment, together with Kontu and Witkiem Manita (an early-flowering, large-seeded Dutch cultivar) in order to determine days to flowering, podding and maturity under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. There were highly significant differences for all studied traits (p<0.001). Accessions D497, D557 and D505 had significantly faster progress to flowering and podding compared to Kontu. Accession D497 was the earliest genotype with 947 GDD (Growing degree-days to maturity), followed by accession D557 (985 GDD), and Kontu and Witkiem Manita were latest accessions in this study (1165 and 1159 GDD, respectively). The linkage of early flowering and early maturity to large seed size needs to be tested. These accessions may be valuable sources of earliness that could be used in faba bean breeding for short seasons such as those in Finland.
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Bashir, Arslan, Mahdi Pourakbari Kasmaei, Amir Safdarian, and Matti Lehtonen. "Matching of Local Load with On-Site PV Production in a Grid-Connected Residential Building." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092409.

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Efficient utilization of renewable generation inside microgrids remains challenging. In most existing studies, the goal is to optimize the energy cost of microgrids by working in synergy with the main grid. This work aimed at maximizing the self-consumption of on-site photovoltaic (PV) generation using an electrical storage, as well as demand response solutions, in a building that was also capable of interacting with the main grid. Ten-minute resolution data were used to capture the temporal behavior of the weather. Extensive mathematical models were employed to estimate the demand for hot-water consumption, space cooling, and heating loads. The proposed framework is cast as mixed-integer linear programming model while minimizing the interaction with the grid. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, it was applied to a typical Finnish household. Matching indices were used to evaluate the degree of overlap between generation and demand under different PV penetrations and storage capacities. Despite negative correlation of PV generation with Finnish seasonal consumption, a significant portion of demand can be satisfied solely with on-site PV generation during the spring and summer seasons.
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Lahti, Johan, Jurdan Mendiguchia, Juha Ahtiainen, Luis Anula, Tuomas Kononen, Mikko Kujala, Anton Matinlauri, et al. "Multifactorial individualised programme for hamstring muscle injury risk reduction in professional football: protocol for a prospective cohort study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (August 2020): e000758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000758.

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IntroductionHamstring muscle injuries (HMI) continue to plague professional football. Several scientific publications have encouraged a multifactorial approach; however, no multifactorial HMI risk reduction studies have been conducted in professional football. Furthermore, individualisation of HMI management programmes has only been researched in a rehabilitation setting. Therefore, this study aims to determine if a specific multifactorial and individualised programme can reduce HMI occurrence in professional football.Methods and analysisWe conducted a prospective cohort study over two seasons within the Finnish Premier League and compare the amount of HMI sustained during a control season to an intervention season. Injury data and sport exposure were collected during the two seasons (2019–2020), and a multifactorial and individualised HMI risk reduction programme will be implemented during intervention season (2020). After a hamstring screening protocol is completed, individual training will be defined for each player within several categories: lumbo-pelvic control, range of motion, posterior chain strength, sprint mechanical output and an additional non-individualised ‘training for all players’ category. Screening and respective updates to training programmes were conducted three times during the season. The outcome will be to compare if there is a significant effect of the intervention on the HMI occurrence using Cox regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationApproval for the injury and sport exposure data collection was obtained by the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Ethics Committee (request number: IORG0007394; record number IRBN322016/CHUSTE). Approval for the intervention season was obtained from the Central Finland healthcare District (request and record number: U6/2019).
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Vinha, Juha, Mikko Salminen, Kati Salminen, Targo Kalamees, Jarek Kurnitski, and Mihkel Kiviste. "Internal moisture excess of residential buildings in Finland." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117750369.

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In Finland, the indoor air conditions of 171 single-family buildings and 49 apartments in multi-family buildings have been studied in large research projects in collaboration with Tampere University of Technology and Helsinki University of Technology. This article deals with the results of moisture excess studied in these single-family buildings and apartments. Continuous field measurements up to 28 months enable to include two consecutive heating seasons in the analysis of the internal moisture excess. The higher 10% critical level during the cold period (Te ≤ 5°C) was between 3.4 and 4.9 g/m3 in Finnish heavyweight and lightweight single-family buildings and between 2.4 and 3.6 g/m3 in apartments of multi-family buildings. During the warm period (Te ≥ 15°C), the corresponding values were between 0.3 and 2.6 g/m3 for single-family buildings and 0.5 and 1.5 g/m3 for apartments. The number of occupants and the airtightness of different groups of external wall did not have influence on the average values of moisture excess. Slightly better ventilation air change rates were measured in apartments of multi-family buildings, where also the air change rates from supply–exhaust ventilation systems generally fulfilled the Finnish guideline value. The design values of moisture classes in EN ISO 13788:2012 were found difficult to apply for Finnish residential buildings. The upper limit value of humidity class 2 of EN ISO 13788:2012 is suitable for apartments in Finnish multi-family buildings, but too low for Finnish lightweight and heavyweight single-family buildings. Applying the design values of Finnish guidelines would be justified for the studied buildings almost at the full range of outdoor temperatures.
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HAKALA, K., A. O. HANNUKKALA, and E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA. "Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production." Agricultural and Food Science 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960611795163042.

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A longer growing season and higher accumulated effective temperature sum (ETS) will improve crop production potential in Finland. The production potential of new or at present underutilised crops (e.g. maize (Zea mays L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)) will improve and it will be possible to grow more productive varieties of the currently grown crops (spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.)). Also cultivation of autumn sown crops could increase if winters become milder and shorter, promoting overwintering success. Climatic conditions may on the other hand become restrictive in many ways. For example, early season droughts could intensify because of higher temperatures and consequent higher evaporation rates. Current low winter temperatures and short growing season help restrict the development and spread of pests and pathogens, but this could change in the future. Longer growing seasons, warmer autumns and milder winters may initiate new problems with higher occurrences of weeds, pests and pathogens, including new types of viruses and virus vectors. Anoxia of overwintering crops caused by ice encasement, and physical damage caused by freezing and melting of water over the fields may also increase. In this study we identify the most likely changes in crop species and varieties in Finland and the pest and pathogen species that are most likely to create production problems as a result of climate change during this century.;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Laitinen, J. (Jarmo). "Vegetational and landscape level responses to water level fluctuations in Finnish, mid-boreal aapa mire – aro wetland environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288791.

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Abstract Gradient, which is largely considered to be related to water level in mires, is referred to as a microtopographic mud bottom to carpet to lawn to hummock level gradient or the hummock level to intermediate level (lawn) to flark level gradient. The relationship of this vegetation gradient to various physical water level characteristics was studied. The general classification used in the present summary paper divides the aro vegetation of the inland of Northern Ostrobothnia into two main groups: (a) treeless fen aro vegetation (Juncus supinus, Carex lasiocarpa, Rhynchospora fusca, Molinia caerulea) and (b) heath aro vegetation (Polytrichum commune). The first group (a) was divided into fen aro wetlands with an approximately10 cm peaty layer at most and into aro fens with a peat layer thicker than 10 cm. The treatment of the water level gradient was divided into three main groups. (1) The mean water level correlated with mire surface levels (microtopographic gradient) within mires with slight water level fluctuations and partly within mires with considerable water level fluctuations. (2) Three habitat groups could be distinguished on the basis of the range of water level fluctuation i.e. mires with slight water level fluctuations, mires with considerable water level fluctuations and the aro vegetation with extreme water level fluctuations. (3) The timing of water level fluctuations indicated that there are different types of patterns within aro wetlands, the seasonal pattern being mainly a response to yearly snow melt and the several-year-fluctuation pattern being related to the regional groundwater table fluctuation in mineral soils (heath forests). A link was suggested between the stability of the water regime and peat production in local aapa mire – aro wetland environments. From the point of view of peatland plants the direction of variation from a stable to an unstable water regime in aapa mire – aro wetland environments represents a transition towards more and more harsh ecological conditions, partly forming a gradient through natural disturbance. A qualitative functional model was provided for the mire – aro wetland systems of Northern Ostrobothnia. The model supposes differences in the characteristics of peat between two functional complexes within a mire system. Finally, the model for local mire – aro wetland systems was converted to a general from: diplotelmic (acrotelm) mires were divided into two subtypes (diplotelmic water stabilization mires, diplotelmic water fluctuation mires) and the relationship of those subtypes to percolation mires and seasonal wetlands was considered.
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Fritzon, Anna, and Patric Kaljur. "En svala gör ingen sommar : en fenomografisk studie av elevers skilda uppfattningar av orsaker till att det finns årstider." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1057.

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Syftet med studien var att ta reda på de skilda uppfattningar av varför vi har årstider som kan finnas i årskurs sju. Detta gjordes för att få en bild av de olika föreställningar en lärare kan möta i sitt yrke och för att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om hur ett fenomen kan uppfattas på olika sätt av elever i en och samma klass.

Eleverna ombads att, enskilt, skriftligt förklara varför vi har årstider. Studien är fenomenografisk och svaren kategoriserades i kvalitativt skilda kategorier genom att jämföra och finna likheter och skillnader mellan de insamlade elevutsagorna. Resultatet visade att eleverna hade olika uppfattning av varför vi har årstider och det är som lärare viktigt att vara medveten om att elever uppfattar samma undervisning på olika sätt. De uppfattningar som framkom var solens instrålning, jordaxelns lutning, jordens lägesförändring och avståndsvariation som skäl till varför vi har årstider. Trots att eleverna hade undervisats av samma lärare, vid samma tillfälle, tidigare på terminen om orsakerna till årstider, hade eleverna skilda uppfattningar av dessa. Högstadieeleverna gav uttryck för att de uppfattade orsakerna till årstider på samma sätt om lärarstuderande, vars uppfattningar undersökts i tidigare forskning. Det är således mycket viktigt att som lärare vara medveten om att elever i en och samma klass har olika uppfattningar av samma fenomen för att kunna anpassa undervisningen därefter och på så sätt få eleverna att förstå att en svala gör ingen sommar – men solens varierande instrålning på grund av jordens lutning gör det.


This study was an attempt to explore the conceptions of one group of students in the 7th grade about the reasons for seasons. The students were asked to, in writing, explain their conception about the reason for seasons. The study was inspired by phenomenography and the answers were categorized by comparing similarities and differences among a number of quotes taken from the answers of the students.

Through the analysis, four qualitatively different conceptions were found, within one and the same group of students. The categories, each representing one kind of conception, “the luminous flux”, “the earth’s axis is inclined”, “the earth’s position in orbit” and “the distance between sun-earth varies” were found as conceptions of the reason for seasons. You might wonder how students, who have been taught of reasons for seasons by the same teacher, are able to develop four different kinds of conceptions of the phenomenon. It is very important for a teacher to have in mind that students have different conceptions of the same phenomenon and this study might help teachers to improve their teaching and help the students come to a deeper understanding of reasons for seasons.

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Roisko, R. (Riikka). "Parental Communication Deviance as a risk factor for thought disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in offspring:The Finnish Adoptive Family Study." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206066.

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Abstract Both genetic and biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors contribute to the aetiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Among the much studied environmental risk indicators are parental Communication Deviance (CD) and the winter or spring birth of a child. Genetic and environmental risk factors do not function in isolation from each other, but gene-environment interactions play a major role in the aetiology of psychotic disorders. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the role of parental CD as a risk factor (together with other risk indicators) for thought disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in an adoptive child. A systematised review was performed concerning the association between parental Communication Deviance and schizophrenia spectrum and thought disorders in offspring. A meta-analysis could only be performed for the association of parental CD with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in offspring. A large overall effect size was found (0.79, 95%CI 0.21–1.37). The studies included in the systematised review suggest that frequent parental CD and thought disorders in the offspring are connected with each other. The two original studies are based on the data derived from the total sample of the Finnish Adoptive Family Study (n=382). First, the association between parental Communication Deviance scored from individual and family Rorschach protocols and the characteristics of the adoptive child and the parents themselves was investigated. The variability of CD in the adoptive parents in individual and family Rorschach situations was most closely associated with the characteristics of the parents themselves. The association of an adoptive child’s thought and schizophrenia spectrum disorders with the child’s genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, winter or spring birth, and parental Communication Deviance, and their interactions was also explored. The adoptive child’s thought disorders were associated only with parental CD. None of the risk indicators or their interactions predicted the adoptee’s schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis. In conclusion, the results indicate that the amount of Communication Deviance is a stable trait of an individual. It may be considered as a risk indicator for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in offspring and, with a lower level of confidence, also for thought disorders in offspring
Tiivistelmä Skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien varsinaisia syytekijöitä ei tunneta, mutta niillä on lukuisia sekä perimään että biologiseen ja psykososiaaliseen ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä. Nykytietämyksen mukaan riskitekijät eivät vaikuta sairauden syntyyn itsenäisesti, vaan perimän ja ympäristön vuorovaikutuksella on merkittävä osuus. Paljon tutkittuja ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä ovat lapsen talvi- tai kevätsyntymä ja vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan vanhempien hajanaista kommunikaatiota adoptiolapsen ajatushäiriöiden ja skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien riskitekijänä. Vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation ja lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien ja ajatushäiriöiden yhteydestä laadittiin systemaattinen katsaus. Meta-analyysi voitiin tehdä vain skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksiin liittyen. Vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation ja lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien välisellä yhteydellä havaittiin olevan suuri efektikoko (0,79, 95 % luottamusväli 0,21–1,37). Katsaukseen sisällytetyt tutkimukset viittaavat siihen, että vanhempien hajanaisella kommunikaatiolla ja lapsen ajatushäiriöillä on myös yhteys. Väitöskirjan alkuperäistutkimukset perustuvat Suomalaisen adoptiolapsiperhetutkimuksen aineistoon (n= 382). Aluksi tutkittiin vanhempien yksilö- ja perhe-Rorschach-tilanteissa mitatun hajanaisen kommunikaation määrän ja lapsen ja vanhempien ominaisuuksien välistä yhteyttä. Hajanaisen kommunikaation määrän vaihtelu selittyi pääosin vanhempien ominaisuuksilla. Seuraavaksi tutkittiin adoptiolapsen ajatushäiriöiden ja skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien yhteyttä lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksille altistavan perimän, talvi- tai kevätsyntymän ja vanhempien hajanaisen kommunikaation kanssa. Huomioon otettiin myös riskitekijöiden yhteisvaikutukset. Mikään riskitekijä tai niiden yhteisvaikutus ei ollut yhteydessä lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauteen. Lapsen ajatushäiriöt olivat yhteydessä ainoastaan vanhempien hajanaiseen kommunikaatioon. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio on kohtalaisen muuttumaton piirre, joka on lapsen skitsofreniaspektrin sairauksien riskitekijä. Tulokset viittaavat myös siihen, että vanhempien hajanainen kommunikaatio voi olla lapsen ajatushäiriöiden riskitekijä
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Books on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Nascimento, Márcia, and Nuno Costa, eds. Four Finnish Stories. Barcelos, Portugal: Käräjäkivet, 2022.

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Dahlbacka, Mildred Korpela. Seasons: Memories of a Finnish-American girlhood. [United States]: L.S. Rowan, 1997.

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Halonen, Pekka. Pekka Halonen: Nelja vuodenaikaa = four seasons. [Punkaharju]: Retretti, 2005.

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Halonen, Pekka. Pekka Halonen: 1865-1933, 130 vuotta taiteilijan syntymästä : juhlanäyttely. [Lapinlahti]: Lapinlahden Taidemuseo, 1995.

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Halonen, Pekka. Pekka Halonen: Sanoin ja kuvin. Helsingissä: Otava, 1990.

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Laine, Annukka. Annukka Laine: Lob der Schöpfung = Luomisen ylistys = Praise of creation. Grevenbroich: Heiner Labonde Verlag, 2015.

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Lavento, Mika. The Finnish Jabal Haroun project survey: Preliminary results from six seasons of archaeological fieldwork in Jordan. Vantaa]: Finnish Institute in the Middle East, 2006.

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Hautala, Hannu. To everything a season: A year in the Finnish wilds. Helsinki: Otava Pub. Co., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Huldén, Niklas. "Gifts, Feasts, and the Surplus of Friendship: Practices in a Remembered Economy of Petty Trading." In Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960, 119–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_6.

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AbstractThe long tradition of barter trade between peasants, fishermen, and other inhabitants of Estonia and Finland established encounters over the Gulf of Finland. The petty trade was mutually beneficial as the parties could switch-trade their surplus means, exporting mainly salted herring from Finland and receiving grain products, mainly rye, from Estonia. The trade depended strongly on developing personal acquaintanceship with traders from the other side of the gulf. These formed a sort of partnership called sepra that could last for a season or even for years and decades. This chapter concentrates on the actual practices described during the trading encounters in this Finnish-Estonian arena, through writings, answers to questionnaires in archives, and literature.
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Lanner, Ronald M. "The Pine Birds." In Made for Each Other, 32–37. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089028.003.0004.

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Abstract High On The Continental Divide, Where it winds across western Wyoming, is a mosaic of subalpine meadows and forests I have visited in every month of the year. Despite the seasonal changes in the weather, the landscape, and the vegetation, one thing remains constant: I can always depend on being greeted by the guttural “kra-a-a-k” of faraway nut crackers calling from unseen treetops. Soon one or two birds, or more, will inspect me, remind me whose mountain this is, and rapidly depart on quick pulsed beats of white-tipped black wings. These nutcrackers are of the species Nucifraga columbiana, Clark’s Nutcracker, native to the western United States and Canada, but I have heard Siberian Nutcrackers in a Finnish pine forest and European Nutcrackers in the French and Swiss Alps emit identical cries. This “corvid squawk,” as Stephen Vander Wall has called it, one of several nutcracker calls, is not far removed from the shriller calls of jays and magpies, or the deeper ones of crows and ravens, all of which are shaped by subtle differences in size or conformation of syrinx, bronchial rings, tympanic membrane, and related anatomic determinants of voice production among members of a family.
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Conference papers on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Anttila, K., T. Manninen, T. Karjalainen, P. Lahtinen, A. Riihela, and N. Siljamo. "The change of seasonal snow surface roughness in Sodankylä finnish lapland during winters 2009 and 2010." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352525.

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Reports on the topic "Finnish seasons"

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Kayo, Genku, and Nobue Suzuki. Measurement of air change behaviour at Finnish apartment rooms. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541579038.

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While the expectation for natural ventilation is increasing under the context of COVID-19, fresh air at residential houses in Finland is basically guaranteed by mechanical ventilation systems. It means that natural ventilation is not considered as an available potential of ventilation in Finnish building regulation. Even if the mechanical ventilation system handles the air quality, the natural ventilation by window opening is expected to be a supportive measure. However, there is not enough measured data about how much air change is fulfilled by window opening. The article describes the evaluation of fresh air accessibility by window openings at six Finnish apartments. To understand the behaviour of air change, CO2 mass balance equation model was applied. The results of summer season clarified that the actual number of air changes are 085 to 1.54 times per hour with one-side opening. The CO2 mass balance model for apartments, which is a kind of tracer gas decay method, is an effective way to estimate the actual number of air changes without preventing occupants’ daily living. Since some buildings, such as residential, school, churches, are affected by the moisture problems, the management of moisture behaviour by both natural and mechanical ventilation is essential.
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Saarnio, Karri, Mika Vestenius, and Katriina Kyllönen. Attestation of conformity of particulate matter measurements (HIVATO) 2019–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361331.

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The National Reference Laboratory for Air Quality (NRL) ensures the high quality of air quality measurements in Finland by organising audits and intercomparison campaigns. In this project, the conformity of the particulate matter measurements was evaluated with a particular focus on the measurement used for calculating the average exposure index (AEI) of Finland. The representativity and applicability of the AEI measurements made at the Kallio station in Helsinki were evaluated. It was noticed that the results of the Kallio measurement represent well the average fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations and the yearly based trend of fine particles in Finland. In addition, the yearly average concentrations of fine particles have been smaller than the AEI limit value of 8.5 µg/m3, at all individual urban background stations in Finland since year 2015. The measurement results made with the PM monitor used for AEI measurement, i.e. TEOM 1405 analyser at the Kallio station, were compared to the results from the reference method that follows the standard SFS-EN 12341:2014. It was noticed that the uncertainty requirement of 25% was reached and therefore the quality of the measurement is sufficient to use it for the calculation of AEI. However, the fine particle concentrations were generally very low and therefore the requirements given in the standard SFS-EN 16450:2017 for an intercomparison against the reference method were not perfectly fulfilled. This report presents also results from intercomparison measurements made for automated continuous measurement systems (AMS). At the Virolahti station and at the Mäkelänkatu station in Helsinki, PM10 and PM2.5 measurements were compared. In Kuopio and in Lahti, intercomparison measurements were made for PM2.5 only. Based on the results from these intercomparisons, the calibration coefficients both for PM10 and PM2.5 were defined for the first time in Finland for a FIDAS 200 analyser that is a new PM monitor in the Finnish market. It was concluded that FIDAS 200 analysers can be used for the PM measurements in Finland when the calibration coefficients are applied for the data; however, one must note that the presented calibration coefficients do not fulfil the requirements given for the demonstration of equivalence (DoE). Nevertheless, these coefficients are recommended to be used until the official coefficients will be delivered from the next DoE campaign. Two AMS (SHARP 5030 and TEOM 1405) were compared to the reference method for the measurements of PM10 and PM2,5 in Virolahti and in Helsinki, respectively. It was revealed that the calibration coefficients based on the DoE in Kuopio (2014–2015) do not always fit ideally at different locations and seasons due to differences in the environmental characteristics of the measurement sites. Therefore, NRL recommends that DoE should be organised every five years and in between the DoE’s so called ongoing-intercomparison measurements should be carried out continuously. In the ongoing-intercomparison, suitability of the calibration coefficients from DoE will be verified in different locations with varying environmental characteristics. The ongoing-intercomparison campaigns should take place at one site from a half a year to one year and after that, the campaign should continue at a different location similarly. This would ensure that the influence of seasonal differences to the suitability of coefficients will be verified at each measurement site.
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