Relevant bibliographies by topics / Finnish nature

Academic literature on the topic 'Finnish nature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Finnish nature"

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KAINULAINEN, Pauliina. "Wisdom Theology and Finnish Nature Spirituality." Journal of the European Society of Women in Theological Research 15 (December 31, 2007): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/eswtr.15.0.2022773.

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Kushnir, Roman. "Food in Constructing Transcultural Finnish American Identities in the Migrant Short Stories of Lauri Anderson." Journal of Finnish Studies 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.19.1.05.

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Abstract In this article, I analyze the position of food in constructing the transcultural identities of Finnish migrants in three collections of short stories, Heikki Heikkinen (1995), Misery Bay (2002), and Back to Misery Bay (2007), by the Finnish American writer Lauri Anderson. The American-born settlers look back at their Finnish heritage with nostalgia and use foodways to establish their versions of Finnishness. First, food serves to express the migrants' ethnic difference and sameness by separating them from Americans and uniting as Finns. Second, food is a part of the settlers' intergenerational relations when Anderson's younger-generation characters invent new culinary symbols of Finnishness and rebel against their Finnish heritage or return to it with the help of foodways. Third, the migrants express their Finnishness through their relation with nature in the form of living off the land. At the same time, the characters incorporate the traits of Finnish and American cultures within their identities, which can be addressed as transcultural.
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Kaivapalu, Annekatrin, and Maisa Martin. "Perceived similarity between written Estonian and Finnish: Strings of letters or morphological units?" Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 2 (October 2017): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000142.

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The distance or similarity between two languages can be objective or actual, i.e. discoverable by the tools and methods of linguists, or perceived by users of the languages. In this article two methods, the Levenshtein Distance (LD), which purports to measure the objective distance, and the Index of Perceived Similarity (IPS), which quantifies language users’ perceptions, are compared. The data are the quantitative results of a test measuring conscious perceptions of similarity between Estonian and Finnish inflectional morphology by Finnish and Estonian native speakers (‘Finns’ and ‘Estonians’) with no knowledge of and exposure to the other (‘target’) language. The results show that Finns see more similarity between Finnish and Estonian than Estonians do. Also the correlations between LD and the perception results of the Finns are statistically significant while the correlations between the LD and the IPS scores of the Estonians are not. Comments by test participants provide insights into the nature of the perceptions of similarity.
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Kaiser, Elsi. "Evidentiality in Finnish." Journal of Uralic Linguistics 1, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 67–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00004.kai.

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Abstract Evidentiality conveys information about the nature – and reliability – of the information source. This paper investigates the Finnish reportative evidential (hearsay particle) kuulemma and the dubitative particle muka (‘supposedly, allegedly, as if’). I propose a unifying analysis of two seemingly divergent uses of muka, and show how they contrast with kuulemma. My analysis builds on and extends recent work on reportatives regarding the distinction between the Animator (the speaker who utters the sentence) and the Principal (the person whose commitments are being expressed). Furthermore, I suggest that the dubitative muka may point to the existence of non-assertive discourse moves and has implications for our understanding of the discourse role of ‘Principal.’ This work also informs typological work on evidentials and related expressions by providing a systematic investigation of reportative and dubitative markers in a non-Indo-European language.
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Lähteenmäki, Maria, Oona Ilmolahti, and Alfred Colpaert. "Nature Represented: Environmental Dialogue in Finnish-Karelian Historical Museums." Museum International 71, no. 3-4 (November 29, 2019): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13500775.2019.1706948.

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Eloranta, Varpu, and Eija Yli-Panula. "Animals in the landscape drawings of Finnish and Russian young people – in the landscape they want to conserve." Nordic Studies in Science Education 1, no. 2 (December 7, 2012): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.479.

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This research was carried out in connection with “The Finnish-Russian Country School Project”. The aim is to compare Finnish and Russian pupils’ values in their drawings of the landscape (n=946) they want to conserve, and to pay attention to the animals they draw. The pupils were 7–15 years old. The landscapes were classified by the variables (country, age, sex), and analysed according to landscape type. The most prevailing landscape was nature (82%). The existence of animals was few in species; but there were more animals in the Russian drawings. The most frequently drawn groups were the“wave birds” and mammals. The Russians often presented the forest animals whereas the Finns drew the domestic species. With increasing age, the frequency of the animals decreased clearly in the Russian landscapes. A similar age distribution was not seen in the Finnish drawings. In conclusion, the animals were well placed in their ecological environment, indicating children’s good understanding of the natural habitat they were drawing.
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Hartama-Heinonen, Ritva. "Kulttuurin rajat, kääntämisen rajat." Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 10 (April 1, 2017): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.129416.

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While translation is usually conceived as interlingual and intercultural action, there are also intralingual and intracultural types of translation and potentially, even language- and culture-independent forms. This article proffers one approach to intracultural translation, examining its vague existence in Translation Studies, and charting its possible nature within one specific context. Intracultural translation is here argued to have a specific role in Finland with its two national languages, Finnish and Swedish, and a culture which the Finnish- and Swedish-speaking Finns share. The material discussed consists of the Swedish diary from 1909 1944 of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (2005) and its translation into Finnish (2015). What makes this diary translation-theoretically intriguing research material is that the published book contains not only the diary, but also an extensive commentary section a metatext for readers in Finland and Sweden as well as an example of both rewriting and intralingual-intercultural translation. While the published diary thus addresses an audience in at least two countries and cultures, probably in all Nordic countries, its translation is in practice merely for Finland, thereby highlighting the specificity and constraints of interlingual-intracultural translation.
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Broner-Bauer, Kaisa. "Architectural visions." Approaching Religion 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.98060.

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In this article I examine the architecture and architectural thinking of Finnish Academician Reima Pietilä (1923–93) in relation to his design methodology. Pietilä was an architect with an original, creative, artistic personality, who set out early in his career to develop the form language, and theory of modern architecture, moving it towards an organic expressionism. Finnish nature mysticism was a source of inspiration for him, and ‘nature architecture’ one of his key concepts.
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Kukkonen, Pirkko. "On Paragrammatism in Finnish." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 16, no. 2 (December 1993): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500002778.

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Previous studies on the nature of paragrammatism in Finnish have established a continuum of syntactic complexity with normal speech at one end and Broca's aphasics at the other, while Wernicke's aphasics fall between these two groups. In the present analysis, two paragrammatic aphasics are described whose utterances are longer than normal and of a more complex syntactic structure than the utterances in the comparison data. The paragrammatic subjects also make plenty of morphological and syntactic errors. The comparison of the present results with earlier studies on paragrammatism in Finnish shows that paragrammatism is subject to considerable variation
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Yli-Panula, Eija, Christel Persson, Eila Jeronen, Varpu Eloranta, and Heini-Marja Pakula. "Landscape as Experienced Place and Worth Conserving in the Drawings of Finnish and Swedish Students." Education Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 27, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020093.

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Children explore their environment through experiences and each experience is meaningful in developing their environmental consciousness and identity. On the basis of the drawn landscape experiences, the present qualitative study set out to find out what landscapes the participating students deemed worth conserving. The data consisted of the drawings of 11- to 16-year-old Finnish (n = 311) and Swedish (n = 246) students. Deductive and inductive content analyses were used to analyse the data. The results showed that all three landscape types; nature, built, and social were presented in the drawings. Nature and built landscapes were the most frequent types, with the proportion of nature landscapes increasing and that of built landscapes decreasing with age. There were gender and cultural preferences: boys drew built landscapes more often than girls; and Finnish students drew summer cottages, a cultural phenomenon typical of Finnish landscapes, which was not found in Swedish drawings. Similarities in Finnish and Swedish data were identified e.g., in forest and water and “cultural landscapes”. Some of the students displayed a more distant, observing role, whereas others adopted an active one in relation to all three landscape types. The results are discussed in connection to the landscape theories and earlier findings of the drawn environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Finnish nature"

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LOBELLO, RYAN. "ARCHITECTURE OF DUAL IDENTITY: CHICAGO URBAN CONTEXT INFORMED BY FINNISH PROCESS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147879286.

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Salomaa-Robertson, Terhi. "L2 acquisition of Spanish compounds by native speakers of Finnish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57173.pdf.

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Pihko, Marja-Kaisa. ""His English sounded strange" : the intelligibility of native and non-native English pronunciation to Finnish learners of English /." Online version, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/25092.

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Berkson, James Meyer. "Opportunities for management created by spatial structures : a case study of Finnish reindeer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27799.

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This study examines opportunities for renewable resource management when population data are collected by spatial subdivisions. In particular I look at potential applications for the design of management experiments, the distribution of monitoring resources, and the improvement of parameter estimation. Methods are developed to rank possible groupings of subdivisions for use as experimental units. Factors external to the experiment can cause differences between experimental units. Selecting subdivisions that have reacted similarly in the past to external factors could minimize the risk of external factors creating differences in experimental units. Methods are developed to identify subdivisions that could provide information about similar subdivisions when monitoring resources are low or when stratified sampling is being used. The use of these subdivisions as "index units" could notify managers of extremely good or bad years in a large number of subdivisions. Two methods developed by Walters (1986) provide innovative estimation techniques that can be used with subdivided populations. A Bayesian approach allows parameter estimates to be adjusted using a known distribution. Another approach allows similar subdivisions to be estimated jointly more accurately than would be possible individually. Not all renewable resource data sets provide reliable information for use with these applications. Data sets where there is little common variation, high levels of autocorrelation in the noise, or even modest amounts of measurement error are inappropriate for most methods. A series of steps is introduced for managers to test the reliability of the methods on their particular data sets. Data on Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are used throughout the thesis to illustrate the methods. The reindeer data appear to be appropriate for these methods when tested using the steps developed. Possible experimental units and index units for monitoring are identified. Walters' (1986) methods of parameter estimation are used on the data set as well. The reindeer data show that subdivisions with similar external effects were located close to one another. This pattern was at least partially caused by the existence of extremely bad years occurring within geographic regions. The reindeer subdivisions are very highly managed and provide little evidence of any kind of density dependence. Managers could potentially benefit by conducting experiments to test the biological limits of the population growth rates and carrying capacities within subdivisions.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Hoz, Alfaro Jaime Ignacio de la. "Ley natural y valores básicos en la teoría de John Finnis." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114913.

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No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo.
Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
El presente trabajo se encuentra compuesto fundamentalmente de dos partes. En la primera, se analiza el concepto de ley natural de John Finnis y las propiedades sustanciales más importante de de los valores básicos o primeros principios de la razón práctica (capítulo I). Se enuncia el concepto de ley natural propuesto por el autor australiano (a) y se estudian las principales propiedades de los valores básicos (b). Entre las propiedades de los valores básicos veremos: (b.1) la notoriedad y evidencia, (b.2) la indemostrabilidad, (b.3) la pre-moralidad, y, (b.4) el mismo carácter de fundamental. En la segunda parte se analizan los valores básicos en particular: la vida (capítulo II), el conocimiento (capítulo III), el juego (capítulo IV), la experiencia estética (capítulo V), la amistad (capítulo VI), la razonabilidad práctica (capítulo VII), y, la religión (capítulo VIII). Se hace presente que, no obstante enunciar todos los valores básicos propuestos por John Finnis y presentar sus características y propiedades fundamentales, se pondrá especial atención en el valor básico de la vida. Posterior al planteamiento de todos los valores básicos, se analizará críticamente (aspectos negativos y positivos) la obra de John Finnis (capítulo IX).
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Scandroglio, Tommaso. "La New Natural Law Theory di Germain G. Grisez e John M. Finnis: analisi e profili critici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427395.

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This research is divided into two sections. In the first section a deep analysis of the theory of natural law designed by Germain Grisez and John Finnis, known as New Natural Law Theory, is developed, while the second section underlines some criticisms to the thesis supported by the two authors. More in details, the first section highlights the features of the New Classical Theory: on the one hand the elements belonging to the Thomistic tradition, on the other those belonging the analytic area. Moreover the most important theoretical elements of this new philosophical theory are analyzed: the basic goods and the basic requirements of practical reasonableness. The basic goods are essential to build an integral human fulfillment. Instead, the basic requirements of practical reasonableness assess the action criteria, while respecting the natural law. Finally the section includes an highlight on the practical reason and the first principle of morality: “In voluntarily acting for human goods and avoiding what is opposed to them, one ought to choose and otherwise will those and only those possibilities whose willing is compatible with a will toward integral human fulfillment”. The second part of the first section examines in details the laws defined and established by the Governament. The following topics are covered: the Rule of Law, the qualities of a good law, the relationship between human law and natural law, the unjust laws, the link between public authority and people consensus, the principles of justice and freedom, the interaction immoral acts and punishment (main argument of the book “Making Men Moral” by Robert P. George). Within this second section, the Thomistic thesis is used to arise some criticism to the Finnis and Grisez’s ideas, being the main focus on: the foundation of natural law (metaphysics for Aquinas, empirical for Grisez and Finnis), the rejection of the ultimate end, the dynamic of moral action, the pre-morality of the basic goods, basic requirements of practical reasonableness, first principle of practical reason, the moral relevance of intention in actions, the principles of autonomy and self-determination. In the second half the lex humana, according to The Aquinas, is analysed and details are given as far as the purpose and nature of ius positivum, the human law content and validity as it is given by the natural law, the weaknesses of both laws (lex naturalis and lex humana), with the goal of making a comprehensive comparisons between the two. The research deals also with the concept of “common good”, as the set of conditions that is useful to live virtuously and the set of values that produces social cohesion. Finally the complex issue of unjust laws and “imperfect” laws are discussed.
La presente ricerca si articola in due sezioni. La prima attiene all’analisi della teoria sulla legge naturale elaborata da Germain Grisez e John Finnis, autori viventi ed esponenti principali della scuola di pensiero denominata New Natural Law Theory, conosciuta in Italia con l’espressione “Scuola Neoclassica”. La seconda sezione riguarda alcuni rilievi critici alle tesi dei due suddetti autori. La seconda sezione quindi in merito ai temi trattati è speculare alla prima, cambia solo l’approccio che sarà appunto di carattere censorio. Nella prima sezione innanzitutto si inquadrerà questa nuova teoria giusfilosofica all’interno del panorama delle correnti di pensiero contemporanee di matrice giusnaturalista-tomista mettendo in evidenza le sue spiccate ascendenze analitiche. Successivamente si metteranno a tema i due elementi portanti di tutta la teoria neoclassica: i beni fondamentali e le esigenze della ragionevolezza pratica. I primi sono quegli elementi indispensabili per una piena fioritura umana. I secondi indicano invece alcuni criteri d’azione necessari per compiere un’azione valida sotto l’aspetto etico. L’iter di ricerca poi si orienterà nell’indagare il cardine della teoria dell’azione secondo la prospettiva neoclassica: la ragione pratica. Tale strumento cognitivo è la struttura portante del primo principio morale: “Nella volontarietà di realizzare i beni umani e di evitare ciò che ad essi è contrario, si deve scegliere solamente quelle possibilità compatibili con un’apertura interiore alla integrale e piena realizzazione umana”. La seconda parte della prima sezione è dedicata invece ad approfondire il ruolo del diritto positivo all’interno della New Classical Theory e quali sono le relazioni peculiari tra diritto codificato e legge naturale. Gli argomenti trattati perciò interesseranno temi quali le caratteristiche che devono avere un buon sistema di governo (Rule of Law) e una buona legge, le leggi ingiuste, la collaborazione ad una legge iniqua, il rapporto tra consenso e legittimità del potere pubblico, i principi di giustizia e libertà. La prima sezione si chiuderà con l’analisi del testo di Robert P. George Making Men Moral che attiene ai limiti del diritto positivo in relazione alle condotte che contrastano con la legge morale naturale. Nella seconda sezione si utilizzerà il pensiero di Tommaso D’Aquino, autore cui si ispirano dichiaratamente Grisez e Finnis, per approcciare criticamente le tesi di costoro in merito alla lex naturalis. Si evidenzieranno così una serie di aporie che riguardano più temi: la fonte della legge naturale (di origine metafisica per Tommaso, di matrice empirica per i neoclassici), il rigetto da parte di questi autori della tesi del fine ultimo, la dinamica tomista dell’atto morale che mette in crisi l’asserita pre-moralità, ed altre caratteristiche, dei beni fondamentali, delle esigenze della ragionevolezza pratica e del primo principio della ragione pratica, il ruolo dell’intenzione nell’agire, i principi di autonomia e autodeterminazione. La seconda parte della seconda sezione invece interesserà il tema della lex humana, così come è stato articolato dall’Aquinate. L’approccio critico lascia qui spazio ad una valutazione integrativa degli scritti di Grisez e Finnis. Si compirà dunque un’analisi della natura e dei fini dello ius positivum, delle modalità di derivazione di contenuto e validità dalla lex naturalis, delle insufficienze di entrambe le leggi, naturale e positiva, e delle differenze e analogie tra le stesse. Si proseguirà mettendo a tema il concetto di bene comune, limite invalicabile per l’azione legislativa, inteso sia come insieme di quelle condizioni utili affinchè ciascun consociato possa liberamente orientarsi al bene, sia come coesione sociale fondato sui valori della lex naturalis. La ricerca si chiuderà con una disanima di alcune problematiche connesse al tema della lex iniusta e delle leggi cosiddette “imperfette”.
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Perreau-Saussine, Amanda Claire Radegund. "Natural law with gloves on : a critical exposition of John Finnis's natural law theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251851.

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Palm, Joakim. "Förnuftet och rätten : John Finnis naturrättslära." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158130.

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John Finnis is one of the seminal contemporary jurisprudential thinkers working within the natural law tradition. His Natural Law and Natural Rights, first published in 1980, has had a significant impact and stands as a centerpiece of modern natural law theory. It is at once a work of ethics, political philosophy as well as jurisprudence. The starting point of his theory of natural law con­sists in concepts such as basic human goods, practical reasonableness and the common good. These concepts provide the foundation for his analysis of communities and society as well as the legal system. This thesis sets out to expound on his theory of natural law by exploring Finnis’ understanding of the basic human goods, practical reasonableness and the common good and the way they interact with his ideas of law and justice. Some of the more controversial or contentious aspects of his theory will also be addressed; such as the supposed self-evident nature of the basic goods and their incommensurable status. Some critics allege that his theory is lacking some of the defining characteristics of a natural law theory and that it thus fails as a theory of natural law, while others have claimed that his theory lends itself to the justification of an authoritarian society. Some of these criticisms carry more strength than others and I conclude by granting that Finnis’ theory contains some weaknesses. However, these should not weaken our appreciation of his vision of the good that law can do and the interrelatedness of law and morality.
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Bladh, Gabriel. "Finnskogens landskap och människor under fyra sekler : en studie av natur och samhälle i förändring /." Göteborg : Göteborg Univ, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369652253.

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Shamsabad, Mohammad Hossein Talebi. "A critical study of Finnis's natural law theory from Islamic philosophical perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496389.

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Books on the topic "Finnish nature"

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Rinkinen, Terhi. Luontomatkailusanasto: Suomi-englanti, englanti-suomi = Nature tourism glossary : Finnish-English, English-Finnish. Savonlinna: Esteetön Matkailu, 1999.

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Nascimento, Márcia, and Nuno Costa, eds. Käräjäkivet 16: Painting Trips in the North: Summers in Lapland, from the mid-fifties to the mid-seventies. Barcelos, Portugal: Käräjäkivet, 2023.

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Kallio, Tero. Simply Scandinavian: Travelling in time with Finnish cuisine and nature. Helsinki, Finland: Raikas Publishing, 2009.

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Anttonen, Erkki, Anne-Maria Pennonen, and Ferdinand von Wright. The von Wright brothers: Art, science and life. Helsinki: Ateneum, Finnish National Gallery, 2017.

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Lindholm, Tapio, Raimo Heikkilä, and Marjo Heikkilä. Ecosystems, fauna, and flora of the Finnish-Russian Nature Reserve Friendship. Helsinki: Finnish Environment Institute, 1997.

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Juha, Viramo, and Oulangan biologinen asema, eds. Russian-Finnish cooperation in nature conservation in the bordering regions of North-West Russia. Oulu: Oulanka Biology Station, University of Oulu, 1997.

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Laakso, Maria, Toni Lahtinen, and Päivi Heikkilä-Halttunen. Tapion tarhoista turkistarhoille: Luonto suomalaisessa lasten- ja nuortenkirjallisuudessa. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2011.

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Berti, Luca. Man and nature: Photographs from the Finnish countryside = Ihminen ja luonto : valokuvia Suomen maaseudulta. Helsinki: Parvs Publishing, 2018.

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Lassila, Pertti. Metsän autuus: Luonto suomalaisessa kirjallisuudessa 1700-1950. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2011.

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Varis, Markku. Ikävä erätön ilta: Suomalainen eräkirjallisuus. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Finnish nature"

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Pesonen, Heikki, and Terhi Utriainen. "Finnish Women Sacralizing Nature." In Finnish Women Making Religion, 197–215. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137383471_11.

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Widén-Wulff, Gunilla, and Elisabeth Davenport. "Information Sharing and Timing: Findings from Two Finnish Organizations." In Context: Nature, Impact, and Role, 32–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11495222_5.

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Ahtiainen, Raisa, Eija Hanhimäki, Jaana Leinonen, Mika Risku, and Ann-Sofie Smeds-Nylund. "Introduction." In Leadership in Educational Contexts in Finland, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37604-7_1.

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AbstractThis volume provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth coverage of contemporary aspects of leadership in the field of education. It brings together scholars to explore critically and discuss leadership in education in the Finnish education system in relation to international discourses around the topic. The aim is to unravel the nature of the Finnish approach to educational leadership regarding theory and practice and to discuss the theme in various educational contexts; how the Finnish educational success and wellbeing of children, youngsters and educational communities can be supported and enhanced through leadership. Moreover, this volume sheds light on the national characteristics and composition of leadership, policy and governance in education, and at the same time bridges the Finnish and international discussions. The purpose is to increase the knowledge concerning existing variations between countries in terms of the development and position of leadership within educational policy and governance and to provide a reflection surface for both Finnish and international readers to examine their national educational leadership arrangements.
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Litmanen, Tapio. "The Temporary Nature of Societal Risk Evaluation: Understanding the Finnish Nuclear Decisions." In The Renewal of Nuclear Power in Finland, 192–217. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230237032_7.

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Lähteenmäki, Maria, Oona Ilmolahti, Outi Manninen, and Sari Stark. "Chapter 6. Cultural Nature in Mid-Lappish Reindeer Herding Communities." In Green Development or Greenwashing?, 99–133. Winwick, Cambs.: The White Horse Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/63824846758018.ch06.

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Our research task is to present and analyse features of the local human-nature and human-reindeer relations in the historical timespan of the twentieth century and in the context of cultural nature in the historical Forest Sami area of Finnish Mid-Lapland. By cultural nature we refer to the different meanings and attributes groups and individuals give and have given to their surrounding natural environment with its fauna, flora, and waterways. The question is viewed through environmental changes and the meanings connected to reindeer roundups (corrals) and roundup places as an example of human-nature interaction. The reindeer roundups have historically been important social meeting places for subarctic communities, and the roundup events have traditionally been the highlight of the reindeer year. Our empirical focus lies in two reindeer herding cooperatives (Finn. paliskunta), Sattasniemi and Oraniemi, geographically located in the middle of Finnish Lapland ‒ mainly in Sodankylä, and partly in Savukoski and Pelkosenniemi municipalities ‒ and the reindeer roundup processes in these cooperatives. Our key source data consists of archival material, such as the minutes and reports of the Reindeer Herders Association and Sattasniemi co-operative. We have also utilised regional, local and occupational newspapers and magazines from the 1920s to the 2010s. In order to reach the voices of the contemporary herder communities we conducted a Cultural Nature Survey from 22 February to 30 March 2021. In the course of the twentieth century, Mid-Lapland faced enormous environmental changes. Intensive forestry, energy production and the mining industry have physically altered the landscape and disturbed reindeer herding based on natural pasture rotation. Continuity of livelihood and way of life are worrying issues in the region. The feeling of not being heard or understood also affects communities’ nature and reindeer relationships. The more the surrounding natural and cultural environments have changed, the more the Mid-Lappish communities have tried to revitalise the ‘original’ nature-human-reindeer relationship and the nostalgic stories of dense forests, free waterways and untouched wilderness. The locals emphasise their ‘authentic’ Lappish lifestyle, at least in terms of reindeer herding. This endeavour can be regarded as cultural use of nature. The article was prepared in cooperation between the University of Lapland and the University of Eastern Finland. It is part of the HISTECO project (2019‒2023) funded by the Academy of Finland and led by Sari Stark.
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Pesonen, Pekka. "The Existence and Nature of Innovation in Mature Industry: Case Study — Finnish Forest Industry." In Changes in Innovation, 49–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248625_4.

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Ahtiainen, Raisa, Eija Hanhimäki, Jaana Leinonen, Mika Risku, and Ann-Sofie Smeds-Nylund. "Challenges and Reflections for Developing Leadership in Educational Contexts." In Leadership in Educational Contexts in Finland, 381–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37604-7_19.

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AbstractThis volume was inspired by the observation that over the past 20 years, the educational system and public administration in general have changed enormously due to ideological, political and structural transformation. In practice, the mode of operation in educational organisations is characterised by a complex interplay between political and administrative objectives, negotiations and promotion of various perspectives, cultural features, professional sights and aims to adapt to external and internal pressures and influences. This has affected educational leadership that should also be seen from a complex perspective that includes relationships and active social interaction in various networks. However, there have been very few publications of the specifics of leadership in educational contexts with a wide-ranging perspective for the radically evolving operational environments and written by researchers in educational leadership and governance. Therefore, this volume has presented a joint effort for positioning, conceptualising and describing the nature and future of Finnish educational leadership for both the international and Finnish readers.
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Haanpää, Minni, and Päivi Hanni-Vaara. "Smart and Sustainable Destination Experiences: A Content Analysis on Finnish Tourism Experts’ Perspectives." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2023, 160–65. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25752-0_18.

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AbstractThis paper discusses how Finnish tourism experts such as tourism entrepreneurs, destination management organizations (DMOs), development project personnel, and third-party organizations explain and shape the smartness of tourism destinations in Finland. We especially explore how the experts view the nexus of smartness and the experiences of tourists. The method used in this research is qualitative inductive content analysis. The preliminary findings show that the destinations aim to provide sustainable experiences with a balance between physical and digital services. However, the conditions such as scant mobility services and sometimes harsh nature conditions set challenges to developing smart tourism experiences. Smartness is still seen as a way to improve different aspects of social, cultural, and ecological sustainability.
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Pekkola, Elias, Taru Siekkinen, Motolani Peltola, Harri Laihonen, and Emmi-Niina Kujala. "Remote Universities? Impacts of COVID-19 as Experienced by Academic Leaders in Finland." In The Impact of Covid-19 on the Institutional Fabric of Higher Education, 365–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26393-4_15.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact across the globe, affecting the nature of work across various sectors of society, including higher education. As national governments swung to action in response to the crisis by declaring states of emergency and implementing social distancing and lockdown measures, universities across the world reacted by shifting to remote working and teaching. Although global higher education has been impervious to change, it has witnessed some changes over the years, including the adaptation of some principles of new public management such as performance and accountability measures and managerial human resource management practices. These changes affect academic work and the role of academic leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic presented new sets of challenges that placed unique demands on academic managers. In this chapter we set out to examine the role and perceptions of academic managers in Finland in their changing role as managers during the COVID-19 crisis. Empirically, the article is based on a follow-up study of deans and rectors employed by public Finnish universities. Overall, Finnish universities have survived well, and their managers have found ways to cope during crises. For universities, the crises have been a time to reconsider their mission and to observe what is essential for continuity of academic work as well as what is the role of academic managers in navigating the crisis.
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Niemelä, Heidi. "Silence and Question Marks in Drawings of Interactional Encounters." In Arctic Encounters, 229–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42979-8_8.

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AbstractIn this chapter, discourses, language ideologies, and visual representations of the Finnish language are analysed in the Finnish primary school context. Pupils from age 11 to 13 from the cities of Oulu and Helsinki were asked to ‘draw the Finnish language’. These visual representations consist of many elements, in which people make a frequent appearance. Most of the people represented in the context of the Finnish language are named as Finns. However, some interactional encounters between native speakers of Finnish and foreigners are also represented, and this chapter focuses on exploring these representations.Six drawings from a data of 102 drawings of the Finnish language are being analysed in this chapter. In these drawings, an interactional encounter of a Finn and a foreigner or a lack of understanding is visualised.This raises a question on the assumed connection between one’s nationality and language. Are foreigners not considered possible speakers of Finnish?
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Conference papers on the topic "Finnish nature"

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Susiluoma, Heikki. "Finnish Association for Nature Conservation: The Carbon Stock Market." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/109155.

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"The Nature Tour Mobile Learning Application - Implementing the Mobile Application in Finnish Early Childhood Education Settings." In 6th International Conference on Computer Supported Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004777201710178.

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Björn, Ella, Satu Miettinen, and Mira Alhonsuo. "Place-Based Service Design Through Placemaking and Performance." In ServDes.2023 Entanglements & Flows Conference: Service Encounters and Meanings Proceedings, 11-14th July 2023, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp203075.

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This paper reflects on the approaches of place-based service design, placemaking and performance. From these perspectives, we discuss whether new designs, such as placemaking through performance, can deliver new approaches to place-based service design and facilitate the feeling of togetherness. We consider whether affordances in the natural environment can be used for co-creating design as well as the impact they can have on individuals and communities. This paper proposes placemaking as a place-specific approach to service design that can enable the use of reflexivity, knowledge-sharing and pluriversal epistemology towards non-humans, including plants and encompassing environments. In addition, we discuss how placemaking approaches can help identify place-related values, such as nature and culture, as well as their impact on service design. Our empirical material consists of two artistic and place-based case studies that included performative placemaking experiments in Finnish Lapland. In the artistic processes examined in this paper, placemaking provides channels for storytelling and stakeholder engagement to create a personal understanding of a place.
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Erceg, Boris, Freeman Ralph, Sören Ehlers, and Ian Jordaan. "Structural Response of Ice-Going Ships Using a Probabilistic Design Load Method." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41962.

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Ships operating in ice-covered waters experience intense loads from ice features, particularly multiyear ice. Therefore, their structures have to be able to withstand these loads, making structural design paramount. Current formulations of ice class rules do not fully account for the probabilistic nature of ice loads, i.e. scale effects for local ice pressures captured in full-scale measurements. Furthermore, ice class rules do not consider route-specific ice conditions when calculating the design load, i.e. the exposure of the vessel to ice crushing determined by the number and duration of rams. An approach to arctic ship design based on probabilistic methods was developed by Jordaan and co-workers in 1993 and is described in this paper. The approach is used to estimate extreme design loads based on the annual interaction events and the design strategy (target exceedence criteria). The objective of this paper is to select an appropriate ice class for a vessel navigating along the northern sea route, and to compare the design requirements with those determined using the probabilistic approach based on measured data and expected exposure. Local hull pressures have been measured using the USCGC Polar Sea for a range of ice conditions including first year and multi-year ice. Impact conditions similar to those expected along the Northern Sea route were selected and corresponding pressurearea parameters used for input into the probabilistic approach discussed above. This paper will compare the design and response of an exemplary stiffened panel using the described approach to requirements given in Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules. A case study structure will be analyzed using Finite Element Method for a chosen exposure scenario and target safety level.
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Hämäläinen, Mika, and Khalid Alnajjar. "Generating Modern Poetry Automatically in Finnish." In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-1617.

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Toivola, Minnaleena, Mietta Lennes, and Eija Aho. "Speech rate and pauses in non-native Finnish." In Interspeech 2009. ISCA: ISCA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-515.

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Koppatz, Maximilian, Khalid Alnajjar, Mika Hämäläinen, and Thierry Poibeau. "Automatic Generation of Factual News Headlines in Finnish." In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Natural Language Generation. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.inlg-main.8.

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Meister, Einar, and Lya Meister. "Production of estonian quantity contrasts by native speakers of Finnish." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-94.

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Hämäläinen, Mika, Khalid Alnajjar, Niko Partanen, and Jack Rueter. "Finnish Dialect Identification: The Effect of Audio and Text." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.692.

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Hämäläinen, Mika, and Khalid Alnajjar. "Let’s FACE it. Finnish Poetry Generation with Aesthetics and Framing." In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-8637.

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Reports on the topic "Finnish nature"

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Kayo, Genku, and Nobue Suzuki. Measurement of air change behaviour at Finnish apartment rooms. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541579038.

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While the expectation for natural ventilation is increasing under the context of COVID-19, fresh air at residential houses in Finland is basically guaranteed by mechanical ventilation systems. It means that natural ventilation is not considered as an available potential of ventilation in Finnish building regulation. Even if the mechanical ventilation system handles the air quality, the natural ventilation by window opening is expected to be a supportive measure. However, there is not enough measured data about how much air change is fulfilled by window opening. The article describes the evaluation of fresh air accessibility by window openings at six Finnish apartments. To understand the behaviour of air change, CO2 mass balance equation model was applied. The results of summer season clarified that the actual number of air changes are 085 to 1.54 times per hour with one-side opening. The CO2 mass balance model for apartments, which is a kind of tracer gas decay method, is an effective way to estimate the actual number of air changes without preventing occupants’ daily living. Since some buildings, such as residential, school, churches, are affected by the moisture problems, the management of moisture behaviour by both natural and mechanical ventilation is essential.
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Andersson, Per, ed. Poängen med lärande utomhus : pedagogiska perspektiv. Linköping University Electronic Press, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180755191.

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Den här skriften handlar om utomhuspedagogik ur olika pedagogiska perspektiv. Poänger och möjligheter med utomhuslärande lyfts upp, men även utmaningar som kan finnas i att genomföra pedagogiska verksamheter utomhus diskuteras. Kapitlen representerar också olika perspektiv på utomhuspedagogik. Författarna är pedagoger som tar sin utgångspunkt i varierande erfarenheter som deltagare, ledare, lärare och forskare i utomhuspedagogiska sammanhang i allt från ideella organisationer och naturskolor till förskola, grundskola, gymnasieskola, folkhögskola och universitet. Det finns likaså en bredd när det gäller bakgrund och utbildning inom såväl natur-, samhälls- och beteendevetenskap som humaniora och estetiska ämnen.
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Berg, Charlotte, Rie Henriksen, Anders Herlin, Ruben Hoffman, Magdalena Jacobson, Desirée Jansson, Linda Keeling, et al. Hållande av vaktel. SLU:s vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.3hlcu79vvb.

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Uppdraget har varit att utifrån givna frågeställningar beskriva det kunskapsläge som finns kring hur vaktlar bör hållas och skötas. Med begreppet ”vaktel” avses rent biologiskt inte en enskild art utan ett antal släkten med totalt ca 80 arter av en typ av små hönsfåglar, men det är den japanska vakteln som har domesticerats och idag främst hålls för livsmedelsproduktion. Den japanska vakteln har hållits i fångenskap sedan 1100-talet. Systematisk domesticering och selektion för ägg- respektive köttproduktion har skett mer intensivt sedan omkring förra sekelskiftet, det vill säga i drygt 100 år. Den domesticerade japanska vakteln utmärks av snabb tillväxt, tidig könsmognad och hög äggproduktion i de linjer som har selekterats för detta ändamål. Livslängden hos viltlevande japanska vaktlar anges till 2–3 år, medan domesticerade vaktlar kan leva upp till 8 år. Den forskning som finns är främst gjord på den domesticerade japanska vakteln (Coturnix japonica domestica). Detta yttrande fokuserar därför på hållande och skötsel av den domesticerade japanska vakteln, fortsättningsvis kallad ”domesticerad vaktel”. Mycket av forskningen kring dessa vaktlars beteenden och inhysning är gjord under burförhållanden. Burhållning av vaktel är, såvitt Rådet känner till, inte vanligt förekommande i Sverige i kommersiella vaktelbesättningar och EU-kommissionen planerar att fasa ut all typ av sådan inhysning av livsmedelsproducerande vaktlar. Vi har därför valt att lägga tyngdpunkten i denna rapport på vaktelhållning i frigående system. I Sverige hålls domesticerad vaktel för kommersiell produktion av ägg och kött i småskaliga besättningar som är spridda över landet. Omfattningen är dock liten. Domesticerad vaktel och flera andra vaktelarter, t.ex. den kinesiska dvärgvakteln, hålls även för hobbyändamål (sällskap, avel, prydnad) och som försöksdjur i Sverige. De omfattas av svensk djurskyddslagstiftning oavsett syftet med djurhållningen. Vilka regler som gäller är dock avhängigt av dels vilket syfte man har med vaktelhållningen och dels hur den vaktelart man håller ska karakteriseras. Beroende på svar så blir olika föreskrifter gällande, och ibland är det motstridigt vilka föreskrifter som ska följas. Bristen på entydiga föreskrifter skapar en osäkerhet kring vad som egentligen gäller, både för djurhållare och för länsstyrelserna som ska utföra djurskyddskontroller och ibland förpröva vaktelanläggningar. Eftersom japanska vaktlar har varit domesticerade en kort tid (ca 800 år jämfört med t.ex. tamhöns [Gallus gallus domesticus] ca 8000 år) och selektionen har fokuserat på produktionsegenskaper kan man utgå från att de inte skiljer sig så mycket från vilda japanska vaktlar avseende behov och naturligt beteende. Den vilda anfadern till den domesticerade vakteln är marklevande och lever i habitat som erbjuder täta skydd i form av gräsmarker och buskar längs vattendrag och odlade fält. Dessutom är fåglarna kamouflagefärgade och de är naturligt skygga. De fåtal studier som finns av viltlevande japanska vaktlar visar att fåglarna tillbringar mycket tid med att sprätta och leta efter frön och ryggradslösa djur på marken. Viltlevande japanska vaktlar lever i par eller i små grupper under reproduktionssäsongen, och samlas i större flockar under flyttsäsongen. Den domesticerade vakteln formar i fångenskap en dominanshierarki likt tamhönsens hackordning. Den domesticerade vaktelns sinnen (syn, hörsel och lukt) verkar likna tamhönans. Vaktlar är tidigt utvecklade och vid kläckning är de befjädrade, kan se, höra och förflytta sig i sin närmiljö. De blir könsmogna redan vid 5–6 veckors ålder och lägger sina ägg skyddat på marken. Bobyggande och ruvning utförs endast av hönorna. Det saknas dock forskning som tydligt visar vilken grad av ruvningsbenägenhet de har. En allmän uppfattning bland djurägarna tycks även vara att vaktlar inte använder värpreden och att fåglarna därför saknar detta behov. Det kan dock inte uteslutas att orsaken är att fåglarna har specifika önskemål om utformning av reden som inte uppfylls av traditionella värpreden. Även här är forskningen mycket bristfällig (så vilket behov av värprede som råder och hur det bäst utformas är oklart). Skydd är en mycket viktig resurs för vaktlar, och därför behöver de erbjudas tillräckligt med skydd i djurutrymmet så att samtliga fåglar samtidigt kan söka skydd utan att det uppstår konkurrens och stress. Dessa skydd ska placeras i marknivå för vaktlarna att gömma sig under. Sannolikt behöver även dessa skydd vara utspridda i utrymmet dels för att uppmuntra till rörelse och stimulera till att hela utrymmet används, men framför allt för att avståndet till ett skydd ska vara kort. Eftersom vaktlarna har en rangordning och kan vara aggressiva mot varandra är det viktigt att essentiella resurser inte kan monopoliseras utan kommer alla fåglarna till godo. Det är därför även viktigt att det finns tillräckligt med plats kring utfodring, och att det finns tillräckligt många vattenplatser. Som regel ges vaktlar fri tillgång på foder och dricksvatten. Det saknas forskning kring vaktlars behov att söka skydd högre upp, t.ex. på sittpinnar. Den forskning som finns indikerar att behovet av sittpinnar är lågt. Vaktlar är sociala djur och ska därför aldrig hållas ensamma. De bör hållas i grupper som är mixade (både hönor och tuppar) eller i grupper som består enbart av hönor. Det är inte lämpligt att hålla enbart tuppar i en grupp. Även om de i naturen kan leva i par är rekommendationen att antalet hönor överstiger antalet tuppar i vaktelflockar med könsmogna fåglar. Denna rekommendation motiveras av behovet att minska aggression och risken för skador på hönan. Det är viktigt för vaktlar att ströbada av flera anledningar, bl.a. för att hålla fjäderdräkten i trim. Vaktlar ströbadar flera gånger dagligen om lämpligt strömedel finns fritt tillgängligt. Att hålla vaktlarna på ett strömaterial som möjliggör att de kan picka och sprätta är också en viktig välfärdshöjande resurs, eftersom de naturligt ägnar en stor del av tiden åt dessa födosöksrelaterade beteenden. Ljustillförsel för domesticerad vaktel bör vara naturligt ljus eller armatur med dagsljusliknande spektrum. Ljusintensitet och ljusprogram kan jämföras med de som används för värphöns. De domesticerade vaktlarna har ett behov av termisk komfort som kan jämföras med tamhöns, både som kycklingar och som vuxna djur. Det regelverk som finns för värphöns gällande ljus, temperatur och övriga klimatfaktorer bör kunna tillämpas även för domesticerad vaktel, åtminstone tills kunskapsläget för dessa fåglar är bättre. När man utformar miljön är det även viktigt att tänka på biosäkerheten och möjligheten till god tillsyn över vaktlarna. Eftersom vaktlarna är i behov av att söka skydd får man planera utformningen av dessa så att tillsyn kan ske. Det behöver även vara tillräcklig ljusintensitet så att skydd och eventuella värpreden kan inspekteras vid den dagliga tillsynen. När det gäller biosäkerheten bedömer Rådet att samma principer som gäller för besättningar med värphöns, slaktkyckling och kalkonuppfödning i stora drag bör kunna appliceras i livsmedelsproducerande vaktelflockar. Bland annat bör inomhusutrymmen vara saneringsbara och utomhusytor bör vara hårdgjorda eller väldränerade närmast inomhusutrymmet. Omgångsuppfödning är att rekommendera av smittskyddsskäl, och man bör undvika att blanda fjäderfän av olika arter, ursprung och åldrar. En annan viktig orsak till att man bör undvika blandning av flockar är att detta kan leda till social instabilitet i flocken med nedsatt djurvälfärd som följd. Det är även viktigt att djurutrymmena utformas så att vaktlarna inte kan rymma. Då den domesticerade vakteln är relativt nära släkt med vår inhemska europeiska vaktel kan dessa två hybridisera och producera fertil avkomma, vilket är ytterst olämpligt ur ett bevarandebiologiskt perspektiv. Den forskning som idag finns kring vaktlar ger inget underlag för att ge rekommendationer kring exakta gruppstorlekar, utöver att fåglarna aldrig bör hållas ensamma eller i grupp med enbart tuppar. Den forskning som finns kring utrymmesbehov är främst framtagen genom forskning i bursystem, vilket inte är relevant i detta sammanhang eftersom burhållning av livsmedelsproducerande fjäderfän ska fasas ut inom EU. När det gäller minimiutrymme kan man generellt säga att forskningen enhälligt visar att en hög djurtäthet inverkar negativt på djuren och att tillgången till skydd och könssammansättning av gruppen påverkar lämplig beläggningsgrad. Det finns flera kunskapsluckor kring vaktlar och deras naturliga beteenden och behov, och den forskning som finns är främst gjord på vaktlar i bur. Därför behövs det generellt mer forskning kring hållande av frigående vaktlar.
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Karlsson, Milla, Jens Sundström, Anna Berlin, and Erik Andreasson. Möjliga tillämpningar av nya genomiska tekniker inom integrerat växtskydd. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.3n00ebeumo.

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Det pågår en omställning av jord- och trädgårdsbruket, både med hänsyn till hållbar produktion och pågående klimatförändringar. Som en del av EUs arbete att utveckla lantbruket mot en mer hållbar produktion har kommissionen lagt fram ett förslag på minskning av växtskyddsmedel om minst 50 %, totalt sett inom EU, senast 2030. För Sveriges del innebär förslaget, enligt preliminära beräkningar, att vi behöver minska mängden växtskyddsmedel med 35-36 %. För att ersätta funktionen av denna mängd växtskyddsmedel behövs ett integrerat tillvägagångssätt som kräver tillgång till andra effektiva metoder för bekämpning av skadegörare på odlade växter. Under det senaste decenniet har nya genomiska tekniker inom växtförädlingen utvecklats, vilka möjliggör riktade förändringar i många grödors genom. Teknikerna innebär antingen att man introducerar enstaka förändringar i DNA-sekvensen (s.k. genomredigering), eller att man sätter in en längre DNA-sekvens från samma art eller en korsningsbar art i en gröda (s.k. cisgenes). Dessutom har kunskapen om växters försvarssystem framskridit avsevärt. Med den ökade kunskapen och de nya teknikerna ökar möjligheten att kombinera gener och öka variationen av de gener som gör grödorna resistenta mot olika växtsjukdomar. På så sätt kan förädlingen av sjukdomsresistenta sorter ske med betydligt bättre precision och på kortare tid än vad traditionella förädlingstekniker tillåter. Tidsaspekten kan ses som extra viktig i resistenssammanhang eftersom skadegörarpopulationerna ändras kontinuerligt. Potentialen att kombinera flera olika resistensmekanismer för att uppnå mer uthållig resistens samt möjligheten att lösa ett eller flera växtskyddsproblem i samma sort bör också noteras. Enligt nuvarande EU-lagstiftning regleras dock genomredigerade och cisgena grödor på samma sätt som traditionellt genetiskt modifierade organismer (GMO), en lagstiftning som i praktiken omöjliggör kommersiell odling inom EU. Detta trots att resultatet av de moderna teknikerna kan efterlikna vad som kan ske spontant i naturen (mutationer) eller via traditionella oreglerade förädlingsmetoder (t.ex. mutations-, eller korsningsförädling). I lagstiftningen tas det ej i beaktande att sjukdomsresistenta grödor kan bidra till en minskad användning av växtskyddsmedel. Idag är potatisodling ofta förknippad med en användning av stora mängder växtskyddsmedel mot potatisbladmögel. Samtidigt är det möjligt att göra potatissorterna helt resistenta mot potatisbladmögel med hjälp av cisgenes och ge dem en ökad motståndskraft med hjälp av genomredigering. Om det vore möjligt att odla potatis som förädlats med nya genomiska tekniker inom EU idag, visar denna rapport att det skulle vara möjligt att kraftigt minska användningen av växtskyddsmedel i potatisodlingen. Det skulle innebära en reducering av mängden växtskyddsmedel som används inom det svenska lantbruket och skulle även innebära besparingar runt 91 miljoner SEK per år för odlarna. Vete och annan spannmål är de grödor där flest totala hektardoser av fungicider appliceras, till en årlig kostnad av två miljarder SEK. För dessa grödor finns inget lika tydligt exempel på enskilda sjukdomar som så kraftigt kan minska fungicidanvändningen. Vi ser dock en tydlig framtida potential att minska antalet bekämpningar och därmed kostnaden för lantbruket med hjälp av nya genomiska tekniker inom sädesslagen. Möjligheten att öka växters egen resistens för att minska användningen av växtskyddsmedel finns redan idag även i flera andra grödor, och möjligheterna förväntas fortsatt växa i takt med att teknikutveckling och forskning fortgår. En förändrad lagstiftning runt nya genomiska tekniker skulle även öppna för applikationer inom områden där det idag inte finns någon effektiv metod att bekämpa växtskadegörare. Exempel på sådana skadegörare är många virussjukdomar och skador som orsakas av nematoder. Därför kan skördestabiliteten och konkurrenskraften förväntas öka i grödor där det idag finns skadegörare där effektiva bekämpningsmetoder saknas. Sammanfattningsvis ser vi nya genomiska tekniker för att förädla resistenta grödor som en viktig del i arbetet mot ett hållbart jordbruk och för att uppnå EU-kommissionens mål om att reducera användningen av växtskyddsmedel inom jord- och trädgårdsbruket.
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