Relevant bibliographies by topics / Finite element (FE) method

Academic literature on the topic 'Finite element (FE) method'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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Matveev, Aleksandr. "Generating finite element method in constructing complex-shaped multigrid finite elements." EPJ Web of Conferences 221 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922101029.

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The calculations of three-dimensional composite bodies based on the finite element method with allowance for their structure and complex shape come down to constructing high-dimension discrete models. The dimension of discrete models can be effectively reduced by means of multigrid finite elements (MgFE). This paper proposes a generating finite element method for constructing two types of three-dimensional complex-shaped composite MgFE, which can be briefly described as follows. An MgFE domain of the first type is obtained by rotating a specified complex-shaped plane generating single-grid finite element (FE) around a specified axis at a given angle, and an MgFE domain of the second type is obtained by the parallel displacement of a generating FE in a specified direction at a given distance. This method allows designing MgFE with one characteristic dimension significantly larger (smaller) than the other two. The MgFE of the first type are applied to calculate composite shells of revolution and complex-shaped rings, and the MgFE of the second type are used to calculate composite cylindrical shells, complex-shaped plates and beams. The proposed MgFE are advantageous because they account for the inhomogeneous structure and complex shape of bodies and generate low-dimension discrete models and solutions with a small error.
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Gao, Yu Jing, De Hua Wang, and Gui Ping Shi. "Meshless-Finite Element Coupling Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.754.

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We let the meshless method and the finite element method couple,so the meshless-finite element coupling method has the advantage. We based EFG - finite element coupling calculation principle and we drawn shape function of the coupling region, we obtained energy functional from weak variational equations and we find the numerical solution. EFGM-FE coupling method overcomes the simple use of meshless method to bring the boundary conditions and calculation intractable shortcomings of low efficiency. We found that this method is feasible and effective.
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Justo, José Luis, Manuel Vázquez-Boza, and Enrique Justo. "Modelling of piles in finite element (FE) method." Geotecnia 146 (July 2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24849/j.geot.2019.146.03.

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Li, Di, Wen Qian Kang, and Peng Wei Guo. "Application in Die Forging Simulation Coupling Finite Element and Element-Free Galerkin Method." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1111.

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The finite element method has been extensively used to predict forming difficulties of die forging problems. However, the analysis for die forging problems with finite element method can lose considerable accuracy due to severely distortional meshes. Based on the equality of elements, an automatically coupling algorithm has been proposed to analyze die forging problems, which converts the FE analysis into the EFG computation to preserve the accuracy in the region where meshes have been severely distorted and still employs the FE method to ensure high computational efficiency in the region where the quality of the FE meshes is acceptable. Numerical example shows that the present algorithms exploit the respective advantages of both the FE method whose computational efficiency is high and the EFG method which can throws out mesh distortions.
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Erdoğan, Erhan, Ismail Demirci, and Mehmet Emin Candansayar. "Incorporating topography into 2D resistivity modeling using finite-element and finite-difference approaches." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 3 (May 2008): F135—F142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2905835.

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We incorporate topography into the 2D resistivity forward solution by using the finite-difference (FD) and finite-element (FE) numerical-solution methods. To achieve this, we develop a new algorithm that solves Poisson’s equation using the FE and FD approaches. We simulate topographic effects in the modeling algorithm using three FE approaches and two alternative FD approaches in which the air portion of the mesh is represented by very resistive cells. In both methods, we use rectangular and triangular discretization. Furthermore, we account for topographic effects by distorting the FE mesh with respect to the topography. We compare all methods for accuracy and calculation time on models with varying surface geometry and resistivity distributions. Comparisons show that model responses are similar when high-resistivity values are assigned to the top half of the rectangular cells at the air/earth boundary with the FE and FD methods and when the FE mesh is distorted. This result supports the idea that topographic effects can be incorporated into the forward solution by using the FD method; in some cases, this method also shortens calculation times. Additionally, this study shows that an FD solution with triangular discretization can be used successfully to calculate 2D DC-resistivity forward solutions.
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Arora, Vikas. "Comparative study of finite element model updating methods." Journal of Vibration and Control 17, no. 13 (March 7, 2011): 2023–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546310395967.

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The effects of vibrations present major hazards and operating limitations ranging from discomfort (including noise), malfunctioning, reduced performance, early breakdown and structural failure which, in the worst case can be catastrophic. Hence, accurate mathematical models are required to describe the vibration characteristics of structures, which subsequently can be used for design purposes to limit the negative effects of vibrations. Finite element (FE) predictions are often called into question when they are in conflict with test results. Inaccuracies in FE models and errors in results predicted by them can arise due to the use of incorrect modeling of boundary conditions, incorrect modeling of joints, and difficulties in modeling of damping. This has led to the development of model updating techniques, which aim at reducing the inaccuracies present in an analytical model in the light of measured dynamic test data. In this paper, a detailed comparison of two approaches of obtaining updated FE models are evaluated with the objective that the frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained from updated FE models are able to predict the measured FRFs accurately. In the first method, the updated FE model is obtained by a direct method, which uses modal data. In the second method, the updated model is obtained by an iterative method, which uses FRF data and is also a parameter-based method. The effectiveness of both methods is evaluated by numerical examples, as well as by actual experimental data. Firstly, a study is performed using a numerical simulation based on fixed-fixed beam structure. The numerical study is followed by a case involving actual measured data for the case of an F-shaped test structure. The updated results have shown that the iterative method gives 20% better matching of FRFs with the experimental data and also the predictions of the iterative method is better than the direct method beyond the considered frequency range. The updated results have shown that the FE model obtained using the response function method, an iterative method, can be used to derive accurate model of the system. Updated models obtained by both methods are subsequently evaluated for its application in dynamic design.
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Liu, Tianxiang, Geng Liu, and Q. Jane Wang. "An Element-Free Galerkin-Finite Element Coupling Method for Elasto-Plastic Contact Problems." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 1 (December 14, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1843134.

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The element-free Galerkin-finite element (EFG-FE) coupling method, combined with the linear mathematical programming technique, is utilized to solve two-dimensional elasto-plastic contact problems. Two discretized models for an elastic cylinder contacting with a rigid plane are used to investigate the boundary effects in a contact problem when using the EFG-FE coupling method under symmetric conditions. The influences of the number of Gauss integration points and the size supporting the weight function in the meshless region on the contact pressure and stress distributions are studied and discussed by comparing the numerical results with the theoretical ones. Furthermore, the elasto-plastic contact problems of a smooth cylinder with a plane and a rough surface with a plane are analyzed by means of the EFG-FE method and different elasto-plasticity models.
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Li, Di, Wen Qian Kang, and Peng Wei Guo. "A Coupled Finite Element and Element-Free Galerkin Method for Rigid Plastic Problems." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.490.

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The analysis for rigid plastic forming problems with finite element method can lose considerable accuracy due to severely distortional meshes. By measuring the mesh equality of elements, a coupling algorithm for rigid plastic problems have been proposed based on the interface element method, which converts the FE analysis into the EFG computation to preserve the accuracy in the region where meshes have been severely distorted. Numerical example shows that the present algorithms exploit the respective advantages of both the FE method whose computational efficiency is high and the EFG method which can throws out mesh distortions and be suitable for rigid plastic forming analysis.
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Luo, Wen Jun, Xiao Yan Lei, and Song Liang Lian. "The Analysis of Vibration for Ballastless Track-Bridge Base on a Hybrid FE-SEA Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3213.

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In this study, the methods for combining statistical energy analysis (SEA) and the finite element method (FEM) for the vibration analysis of structures are studied. Using the two methods simultaneously isnt entirely extend a primarily low frequency method, the finite element method, and high frequency method, SEA, to the mid frequency region are addressed. This approach is intended to extend the frequency range for a FEM based vibration analysis . A new finite element elementl for elevated slab ballastless track is proposed in which the new model can be used for modeling the track structural constituents of elevated slab ballastless track. Using finite element method and Hamilton theory, the coupled equation of vehicle-track-bridge can be established. In calculating example, both the rail displacement induced by single four-layer beam model. Specifically, it showed that the method yields very good result and high performance in the numerical example of previous research.
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De’an, Hu, Liu Chunhan, Xiao YiHua, and Han Xu. "Analysis of explosion in concrete by axisymmetric FE-SPH adaptive coupling method." Engineering Computations 31, no. 4 (May 27, 2014): 758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2012-0202.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to confirm that the axisymmetric finite element and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) adaptive coupling method is effective to solve explosion problem in concrete based on the experiments. Design/methodology/approach – Axisymmetric FE-SPH adaptive coupling method is first presented to simulate dynamic deformation process of concrete under internal blast loading. Using calculation codes of FE-SPH coupling method, numerical model of explosion is approximated initially by finite element method (FEM), and distorted finite elements are automatically converted into meshless particles to simulate damage, splash of concrete by SPH method, when equivalent plastic strain of elements reaches a specified value. Findings – In this paper, damage process and pressure curve of concrete around explosive are analyzed and buried depth of explosive in concrete influence on damage effect under internal blast loading are obtained. Numerical analyses show that FE-SPH coupling method integrates high computational efficiency of FEM and advantages of SPH method, such as natural simulation to damage, splash and other characteristics of explosion in concrete. Originality/value – This work shows that FE-SPH coupling method has good performance to solve the explosion problem.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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Nishiyama, Kenta. "Analysis of Soil-Tire Interaction Using a Two-Dimensional Finite Element-Discrete Element Method." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245298.

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Bambal, Ashish S. "Mechanical evaluation and FE modeling of composite sandwich panels." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5379.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 141 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-141).
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Chilton, Ryan Austin. "H-, P- and T-Refinement Strategies for the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) Method Developed via Finite-Element (FE) Principles." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1219064270.

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Gunnarsdóttir, Aðalheiður. "Evaluation of Test Methods for Football Helmets Using Finite Element Simulations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255278.

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Introduction: Concussions in American Football are of a major concern due to highly reported injury rates. The importance of properly designed helmets have shown effect in reducing the risk of injuries, such as skull fractures. However, they are not as effective in reducing the risk of concussion. Helmets designed are required to pass standards and regulations for them to be allowed within the football leagues. The current test methods evaluate linear impacts, but lack evaluations of oblique impacts which are believed to cause concussions. Several test methods have been suggested, but little is known regarding how they compare. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare three different test methods for evaluating helmet performance, utilizing finite element simulation. Three different helmet models were used for comparison, evaluating head kinematics. The helmet models were additionally ranked from best to worst based on their performances. Method: Three test methods, linear impactor, 45° angled linear impactor, and a drop test onto a 45° angled plate were simulated with three different open source helmet models. Simulations were conducted with one impact velocity at three impact locations. The influence of the interaction between helmet and head was also evaluated by altering the friction coefficient. Results: The test methods showed different results depending on helmet models, impact locations, and kinematics evaluated. Similarly, rankings of the helmets were varied based on methods and impact location. Little difference was observed after lowering the friction coefficient in majority of cases. The linear and angular acceleration for the drop side impact were mostly affected. Conclusion: Further evaluations of the test methods and comparison to real impacts is required to evaluate what method resembles head impacts best. Lowered friction coefficient had an effect for the drop impacts, but minor effect for other test methods
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Vuchi, Aditya. "Graphical user interface for three-dimensional FE modeling of composite steel bridges." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4389.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 188 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-115).
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Gunbring, Freddie. "Prediction and Modelling of Fastener Flexibility Using FE." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11428.

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This report investigates the feasibility and accuracy of determining fastener flexibility with 3D FE and representing fasteners in FE load distribution models with simple elements such as springs or beams. A detailed study of 3D models compared to experimental data is followed by a parametric study of different shell modelling techniques. These are evaluated and compared with industry semi-empirical equations.

The evaluated 3D models were found to match the experimental values with good precision. Simulations based on these types of 3D models may replace experimental tests. Two different modelling techniques were also evaluated for use in load distribution models. Both were verified to work very well with representing fastener installations in lap-joints using the ABAQUS/Standard solver. Further improvement of one of the models was made through a modification scale factor. Finally, the same modelling technique was verified using the NASTRAN solver.

To summarize, it is concluded that:

• Detailed 3D-models with material properties defined from stress-strain curves correspond well to experiments and simulations may replace actual flexibility tests.

• At mid-surface modelling of the connecting parts, beam elements with a circular cross section as a connector between shell elements is an easy and accurate modelling technique, with the only data input of bolt material and dimension.

• Using connector elements is accurate only if the connecting parts are modelled in the same plane, i.e. with no offset. Secondary bending due to offset should only be accounted for once and only once throughout the analysis, and it is already included in the flexibility input.

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Karaagacli, Taylan. "Determination Of Dynamically Equivalent Fe Models Of Aircraft Structures By Using Modal Test Data." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612522/index.pdf.

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Reliable flutter analysis of aircraft structures is a major requirement to determine safe flight envelops. Dynamically equivalent finite element model of an aircraft structure correlating well with experimental modal is a major requirement for a reliable flutter analysis. Currently available model updating techniques require enormous time and engineering work to achieve appropriate finite element models of aircraft structures. The method developed within the scope of this thesis work aims to remove important disadvantages of common model updating procedures. In doing this, the method starts with a simple finite element mesh obtained by connecting measurement points, used in the Ground Vibration Test of an aircraft structure, with 3 D Euler-Bernoulli beam elements. Initial estimates of the geometric and material properties are determined by solving structural identification equations derived from the mass and stiffness orthogonality of experimental modes. By using those initial estimates, an initial finite element model is constructed. Starting from this initial finite element model, structural identification equations are updated and solved iteratively by using experimental natural frequencies and eigenvectors of the v updated finite element model representing the same mode shapes with measured normal modes. Iterations are continued until eigen solution of the updated finite element model closely correlates with experimental modal data. The applicability of the method is illustrated on a scaled aircraft model and a real aircraft structure. The results are quite satisfactory but the method requires further improvements to achieve a much better correlation level in case of real aircraft structures.
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Usner, Brian C. "Generalized hybrid methods for modeling complex electromagnetic structures." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1135004394.

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Roubin, Emmanuel. "Meso-scale FE and morphological modeling of heterogeneous media : applications to cementitious materials "." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957377.

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The present thesis is part of an approach that attempts to represent the quasi-brittle behavior of heterogeneous materials such as cementitious ones. The guideline followed fits in a sequenced multi-scale framework for which descriptions of the material are selected at a thin scale (mesoscopic or microscopic) and information is transferred to a larger scale (macroscopic). It shows how the explicit representation of heterogeneities offers interesting prospects on identification, understanding and modeling of macroscopic behaviors. In practice, from a simple description of each phases and interfaces behavior, a structural effect that leads to more complex macroscopic behavior is observed. This work is therefore focusing on two main axes. On the one hand, the morphological representation of the heterogeneities is handle using the excursion sets theory. Randomly shaped inclusions, which geometrical and topological characteristics are analytically controlled, are produced by applying a threshold on realizations of correlated Random Fields. On the other hand, the FE implementation of both heterogeneity and local degradation behavior (micro-cracking) are dealt with by a double kinematics enhancement (weak and strong discontinuity) using the Embedded Finite Element Method. Finally, combining both axes of the problematic, the resulting model is tested by modeling cementitious materials at the meso-scale under uniaxial loadings mainly. It reveals an emergent macroscopic response that exhibits several features such as asymmetry of the tension-compression stress-strain relationship, crack patterns or historical-dependency, which are typical of concrete-like materials.
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Botha, Matthys Michiel. "Efficient finite element electromagnetic analysis of antennas and microwave devices : the FE-BI-FMM formulation and a posteriori error estimation for p adaptive analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52818.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This document presents a Galerkin FE formulation for the full-wave, frequency domain, electromagnetic analysis of three dimensional structures relevant to microwave engineering, together with the investigation of two techniques to enhance the formulation's computational efficiency. The first technique considered is the fast multi pole method (FMM) and the second technique is adaptive refinement of the discretization, based on a posteriori error estimation. Thus, the motivation for the work presented in this document is to increase the computational efficiency of the FE formulation considered. The FE formulation considered is widely used within the microwave engineering, finite element community. Tetrahedral, rectilinear, curl-conforming, mixed- and full order, hierarchical vector elements are used. The formulation is extended to incorporate a cavity backed aperture employing the appropriate half-space Green function within a BI boundary condition, which represents a specific member of a large class of hybrid FE-BI formulations. The formulation is also extended to model coaxial ports via a Neumann boundary condition, using a priori knowledge of the dominant modal fields. Results are presented in support of the formulation and its extensions, including novel results on the coupling between microstrip patch antennas on a perforated substrate. The FMM is investigated first, with the purpose of optimizing the non-local BI component of the cavity FE-BI formulation, in light of its coupling with the differential equation based, sparse FEM. The FMM results in a partly sparse factorization of the BI contribution to the system matrix. Error control schemes for the FMM are thoroughly reviewed and an additional, novel scheme is empirically devised. The second technique investigated, which is more directly related to the FEM and larger in scope, is the use of a posteriori error estimation, in order to optimize the FE discretization through adaptive refinement. A overview of available a posteriori error estimation techniques in the general FE literature is given as well as a survey of available techniques that are specifically tailored to Maxwell's equations. Two known approaches within the applied mathematics literature are adapted to the FE formulation at hand, resulting in two novel, residual based error estimation procedures for this FE formulation - one explicit in nature and the other implicit. The two error estimators are then used to drive a single p adaptive analysis cycle of the FE formulation, experimentally demonstrating their effectiveness. A quasi-static condition is introduced and successfully used to enhance the adaptive algorithm's effectiveness, independently of the error estimation procedure employed. The novel error estimation schemes and adaptive results represent the main research contributions of this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument beskryf 'n Galerkin eindige element (EE) formulering vir die volgolf, frekwensiegebied, elektromagnetiese analise van driedimensionele strukture relevant vir mikrogolfingenieurwese, saam met die ondersoek van twee tegnieke om die numeriese effektiwiteit van die formulering te verbeter. Die eerste tegniek wat ondersoek word, is die vinnige multipooi metode (VMM) en die tweede is die aanpasbare verfyning van die EE diskretisering, gebaseer op a posteriori foutberaming. Dus, die motivering vir hierdie werk is om die numeriese effektiwiteit van die genoemde EE formulering te verbeter. Die bogenoemde EE formulering word algemeen gebruik deur die mikrogolfingenieurswese, eindige element-gemeenskap. Tetrahedriese, reglynige, curl-ondersteunende, hierargiese vektorelemente van gemengde- en volledige ordes word gebruik. Die formulering word uitgebrei om holtes in 'n oneindige grondvlak te kan hanteer, deur gebruik te maak van die toepaslike Green funksie binne 'n grensintegraal (GI) grensvoorwaarde, wat 'n spesifieke lid is van 'n groot klas, hibriede, EE-GI formulerings. Die formulering word ook uitgebrei om koaksiale poorte to modelleer via 'n Neumann grensvoorwaarde, deur die gebruik van a priori kennis van die koaksiale, dominante modus-velde. Resultate word gelewer om die formulering, saam met die uitbreidings daarvan, te ondersteun, insluitende oorspronklike resultate in verband met die koppeling tussen mikrostrook plakantennes op 'n geperforeerde substraat. Die VMM word eerste ondersoek, met die doelom die nie-lokale, GI komponent van die EEGI formulering vir holtes te optimeer, weens die koppeling daarvan met die yl, differensiaalvergelyking- gebaseerde, eindige element-metode. Die VMM lei tot 'n gedeeltelik-yl faktorisering van die GI bydrae tot die algehele matriksvergelyking. Skemas om die VMM fout te beheer word deeglik ondersoek en 'n addisionele, oorspronklike skema word empiries ontwikkel. Die tweede tegniek wat ondersoek word, wat meer direk verband hou met die eindige elementmetode, en van groter omvang is, is die gebruik van a posteriori foutberaming om die EE diskretisasie te optimeer deur middel van aanpasbare verfyning. 'n Oorsig van beskikbare, a posteriori foutberamingstegnieke in die algemene EE literatuur word gegee, asook 'n opname van beskikbare tegnieke wat spesifiek gerig is op Maxwell se vergelykings. Twee bekende benaderings binne die toegepaste wiskunde-literatuur word aangepas by die bogenoemde EE formulering, wat lei tot twee oorspronklike residu-gebaseerde foutberamingstegnieke vir hierdie formulering - een van 'n eksplisiete aard en die ander implisiet. Die twee foutberamingstegnieke word gebruik om 'n enkel, p-aanpasbare analisesiklus aan te dryf, wat die effektiwiteit van die foutberamingstegnieke eksperimenteel demonstreer. 'n Kwasi-statiese vereiste word beskryf en suksesvol gebruik om die aanpasbare algoritme se effektiwiteit te verhoog, onafhanklik van die foutberamingstegniek wat gebruik word. Die oorspronklike foutberamingstegnieke en aanpasbare algoritme-resultate verteenwoordig die hoof navorsingsbydraes van hierdie studie.
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Books on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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S, Passaris Evan K., and Bull John W, eds. Engineering analysis using PAFEC finite element software. Glasgow: Blackie, 1992.

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Öchsner, Andreas. One-Dimensional Finite Elements: An Introduction to the FE Method. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Mei, C. Modeling of structural-acoustic interaction using coupled FE/BE method and control of interior acoustic pressure using piezoelectric actuators: Final report for the period ending August, 1997 under research grant NAG1-1684. Norfolk, Va: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1997.

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Yacheng, Shi, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of structural-acoustic interaction using coupled FE/BE method and control of interior acoustic pressure using piezoelectric actuators: Final report for the period ending August, 1997 under research grant NAG1-1684. Norfolk, Va: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1997.

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Yacheng, Shi, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of structural-acoustic interaction using coupled FE/BE method and control of interior acoustic pressure using piezoelectric actuators: Final report for the period ending August, 1997 under research grant NAG1-1684. Norfolk, Va: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1997.

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Yacheng, Shi, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modeling of structural-acoustic interaction using coupled FE/BE method and control of interior acoustic pressure using piezoelectric actuators: Final report for the period ending August, 1997 under research grant NAG1-1684. Norfolk, Va: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, Old Dominion University, 1997.

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Lyu, Yongtao. Finite Element Method. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3363-9.

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Dhatt, Gouri, Gilbert Touzot, and Emmanuel Lefrançois. Finite Element Method. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118569764.

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Lawrence, Taylor Richard, Nithiarasu Perumal, and Zhu J. Z, eds. The finite element method. 6th ed. Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

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Poceski, A. Mixed finite element method. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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Kaltenbacher, Manfred. "The Finite Element (FE) Method." In Numerical Simulation of Mechatronic Sensors and Actuators, 7–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40170-1_2.

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Fu, Ming Wang. "Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Method and FE Simulation." In Engineering Materials and Processes, 21–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46464-0_2.

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Ali, Ashraf, and Dale Ostergaard. "Implementation of FE-BE Hybrid Techniques into Finite Element Programs." In Boundary Element Methods, 11–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06153-4_2.

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Volakis, John L., Kubilay Sertel, and Brian C. Usner. "Two-Dimensional Hybrid FE-BI." In Frequency Domain Hybrid Finite Element Methods for Electromagnetics, 25–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01694-3_2.

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Mikic, Nikola, and Anders R. Korshoej. "Improving Tumor-Treating Fields with Skull Remodeling Surgery, Surgery Planning, and Treatment Evaluation with Finite Element Methods." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 63–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_4.

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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) are alternating fields (200 kHz) used to treat glioblastoma (GBM), which is one of the deadliest cancer diseases of all. Glioblastoma is a type of malignant brain cancer, which causes significant neurological deterioration and reduced quality of life, and for which there is currently no curative treatment. TTFields were recently introduced as a novel treatment modality in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The fields are induced noninvasively using two pairs of electrode arrays placed on the scalp. Due to low electrical conductivity, significant currents are shielded from the intracranial space, potentially compromising treatment efficacy. Recently, skull remodeling surgery (SR-surgery) was proposed to address this issue. SR-surgery comprises the formation of skull defects or thinning of the skull over the tumor to redirect currents toward the pathology and focally enhance the field intensity. Safety and feasibility of this concept were validated in a clinical phase 1 trial (OptimalTTF-1), which also indicated promising survival benefits. This chapter describes the FE methods used in the OptimalTTF-1 trial to plan SR-surgery and assess treatment efficacy. We will not present detailed modeling results from the trial but rather general concepts of model development and field calculations. Readers are kindly referred to Wenger et al. [1] for a more general overview of the clinical implications and applications of TTFields modeling.
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Lyu, Yongtao. "Finite Element Analysis Using Triangular Element." In Finite Element Method, 93–118. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3363-9_5.

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Lyu, Yongtao. "Finite Element Analysis Using Rectangular Element." In Finite Element Method, 119–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3363-9_6.

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Lyu, Yongtao. "Finite Element Analysis Using Beam Element." In Finite Element Method, 65–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3363-9_4.

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Lyu, Yongtao. "Finite Element Analysis Using Bar Element." In Finite Element Method, 45–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3363-9_3.

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Otsuru, Toru, Takeshi Okuzono, Noriko Okamoto, and Yusuke Naka. "Finite Element Method." In Computational Simulation in Architectural and Environmental Acoustics, 53–78. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54454-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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Brown, Ashland O. "Undergraduate Finite Element Instruction Using Commercial Finite Element Software Tutorials and the Kolb Learning Cycle." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60756.

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As background, the Kolb learning cycle describes an entire cycle around which a learning experience progresses [1]. The goal, therefore, is to structure learning activities that will proceed completely around this cycle, providing the maximum opportunity for full student comprehension of the course material. This model has been used previously to evaluate and enhance teaching in engineering [2, 3, and 4]. Most college education is geared toward abstract conceptualiztion, but complete learning is enhanced by the use of all four learning stages Abstract Hypothesis and Conceptualization, Active Experimentation, Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation. Some parts of this paper were presented at an earlier conference [13]. The Finite Element (FE) method is a numerical procedure that is widely used to analyze engineering problems accurately and quickly in many corporations. It has become an essential and powerful analytical tool in designing products with ever-shorter development cycles [5, 6, and 7]. The use of commercial finite element software tutorials along with the Kolb model of learning has been used for the past three years to instruct undergraduate students in an introductory FE course. This paper provides outlines of the use of the commercial software tutorials using two Kolb learning cycles, a global learning cycle for the course and a micro learning cycle for the FE tutorials. The commercial FE software tutorials provide an excellent method to reinforce student’s retention of this complex numerical procedure. The software tutorials provide hands-on learning experiences that students need to reinforce the theoretical concepts covered in the lectures. The students are provided “Abstract Hypothesis/Conceptual Theory” that begins with the background of the FE method, fundamental mathematics of FE, move through the concept of “stiffness-analysis,” one-dimensional direct stiffness analysis of various structures, the topology of the various finite elements, error analysis of FE results, and concludes with engineering analysis of a typical engineering problem. These activities are interlaced with the hands-on MSC.Nastran1 software tutorials that begin stating the proposed problem in a manner that is “real-world” in nature then the student is supplied with background theory for the analysis they will attempt. The tutorials provide specific instructions on how to build the FE model of the problem using this commercial FEM code. The tutorial includes a step-by-step outline of the problem modeling with text and illustrations. The student then performs the analysis. Instead of doing this in a blind manner, the tutorial provides a connection to the abstract theory of FE and asks the student to perturb certain parameters in the model to predict the results apriori. This causes the students to make connections between the modeling techniques and the IMECE2004-60756 Undergraduate Finite Element Instruction using Commercial Finite Element Software Tutorials and the Kolb Learning Cycle underlying physics. This focuses in on the “Active Experimentation” part of Kolb’s cycle. After the student performs the analysis, they are asked to attempt to explain the differences between the FEM modeling and theoretical results. This requires students to engage in the “Reflective Observation” portion of Kolb’s cycle. In designing the learning experiences to completely transverse the Kolb cycle, students are fully engaged to understand the fundamentals of FE modeling and maximize the learning experience the tutorials provide. Near the conclusion of this course students are asked to develop prototype models of designs for engineering problems using FE and then asked to conduct experiments to verify their FE analysis. The Kolb model describes an entire cycle around which learning experiences progress Abstract Hypothesis and Conceptualization, Active Experimentation, Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation, and is shown below in Figure 1.
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Zhu, Zheng H., Michael LaRosa, and Feng J. Sun. "Elastodynamic Analysis of Towed Cable Systems by Global Nodal Position Vector Finite Element Method." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57793.

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The handling and control of towed cable and body systems onboard surface ships and submarines presents a significant technical challenge to design engineers in the defense and ocean industries. The current approaches rely heavily on the empirical methods and the time-consuming and costly prototype testing. Computer simulation provides a cost effective way to reduce the high risks associated with the towed cable/body system. However, the current dynamic analysis of towed cables is mostly done by the finite difference (FD) method in stead of the finite element (FE) method that is widely used in almost all engineering fields. This paper presents an alternative FE method to simulate the dynamics of towed cable and body system, in which the large rigid body motion is coupled with small elastic deformation. The newly derived FE method is formulated in terms of element nodal positions, which is different from the existing FE methods that use displacements. The alternative FE method solves for the cable position directly in order to eliminate accumulated numerical errors arising from existing FE methods that solve for displacements first in order to obtain the cable position over very long period of time. The alternative FE formulation is implemented and applied to real applications to demonstrate its robustness by comparing simulation results with the experimental and sea trial data.
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Dongyuan, Meng, Wang Renze, Zhang Jiangang, Li Guoqiang, Zhuang Dajie, Sun Hongchao, Wang Xuexin, and Sun Shutang. "The Finite Element Method for Retention System of Radioactive Material Transport Package." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66853.

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According to IAEA “Advisory Material for the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material”, the retention of radioactive material transport package need to be paid attention. Finite Element (FE) method is an efficient way to verify the retention system. Two typical kinds of retention systems are simulated by FE. Two important aspects, mesh density and contact model are discussed for their influence of the calculation time and calculation accuracy. The method could be promoted to other aspects in radioactive material transport.
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Chung, S. H., and Eric H. K. Fung. "Modeling Piezoelectric Tube Scanner With Hysteresis and Creep by Finite Element Method." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10139.

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An accurate finite element (FE) model of piezoelectric tube actuator with nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. Both of the hysteresis and the creep are the first to be implemented together into the model in order that the simulation is more precise to account for the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric tube actuator in the reality. Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) operators and creep operators are adopted to formulate the nonlinear constitutive equations. As a result, nonlinear ordinary differential equations can be derived through the energy approach and Hamilton’s Principle. It is observed that the simulation results exhibit nonlinearly with either step or triangular input. They, moreover, agree quite well with the experimental results. The effect on the output response due to the different dimensions of electrode is also investigated. Finally, a proportional controller is implemented to reveal the controllability of this nonlinear FE model. Simulation results also demonstrate that the nonlinear FE model can be used for controller design.
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Alrafeek, Saif, James R. Jastifer, and Peter A. Gustafson. "A Stochastic Finite Element Method for Simulating Trabecular Bone." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87869.

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Background: Although trabecular bone is highly porous heterogeneous composite, most studies use homogenized continuum finite element (FE) approaches to model trabecular bone. Such models neglect the porous nature of the tissue. When microstructural models are desired, the use of continuum elements may require costly CT/MRI imaging and detailed meshing. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate an approach that simulates trabecular bone with less dependency on medical images while capturing of porosity. Methods: A stochastic structural FE model was created representing the trabecular micro-architecture as beam elements. Beam orientation, length and connectivity were stochastically determined by random placement of nodes and meshing the resulting Voronoi diagram. Boundary conditions were applied on the structure to attain normalized axial and shear strain. Also, apparent mechanical properties, apparent densities and anisotropy ratio’s were calculated from the model output. Results: The number of generated nodes within the model and cross sectional area of the random beams were observed as parameters that affect model outcome. Trabecular bone apparent density was found highly correlated to beams cross sectional area rather than the generated number of nodes. Similarly, Young’s moduli and shear moduli were dependent on beams cross sectional area. For example, a (0.015 mm2) increase in beam cross section area can produce (175 MPa, 30 MPa and 0.55 g/cm3) increases in Young’s moduli, shear moduli and apparent density, respectively. Clinical Relevance: The proposed finite element technique provides a stochastically accurate structural representation of trabecular tissue and its reaction to applied loads. It incorporates several advantages of high fidelity methods but at lower cost and requiring only clinical imaging. Therefore, the approach may be useful for patient specific musculo-skeletal biomechanical models (e.g. osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, joint replacement and implants interface).
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Messner, M. C., and T. L. Sham. "Detection of Ratcheting in Finite Element Calculations." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84102.

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The distinction between a ratcheting and non-ratcheting response is critical for many high temperature design methods. Non-ratcheting is generally considered safe — deformation remain bounded over the lifetime of the component — while ratcheting is undesirable. As a particular example, the elastic perfectly-plastic (EPP) design methods described in recent ASME Section III, Division 5 code cases require a designer to distinguish ratcheting from non-ratcheting for finite element analyses using a relatively simple, elastic perfectly-plastic constitutive response. However, it can be quite difficult to distinguish these two deformation regimes using finite element (FE) analysis particularly in the case where the actual ratcheting strain is small. In practice FE analysis of structures that are analytically in either the plastic shakedown or ratcheting regimes will result in small, cycle-to-cycle accumulated strains characteristic of ratcheting. Distinguishing false ratcheting — the structure is actually in the plastic shakedown regime — from true ratcheting can be challenging. We describe the characteristics of nonlinear FE analysis that cause these false ratcheting strains and describe practical methods for distinguishing a ratcheting from a non-ratcheting response.
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Zhang, Xiangqin, Xueping Zhang, and A. K. Srivastava. "Predicting the High Speed Cutting Process of Titanium Alloy by Finite Element Method." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50208.

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To predict the cutting forces and cutting temperatures accurately in high speed dry cutting Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a Finite Element (FE) model is established based on ABAQUS. The tool-chip-work friction coefficients are calculated analytically using the measured cutting forces and chip morphology parameter obtained by conducting the orthogonal (2-D) machining tests. It reveals that the friction coefficients between tool-work are 3∼7 times larger than that between tool-chip, and the friction coefficients of tool-chip-work vary with feed rates. The analysis provides a better reference for the tool-work-chip friction coefficients than that given by literature empirically regardless of machining conditions. The FE model is capable of effectively simulating the high speed dry cutting process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy based on the modified Johnson-Cook model and tool-work-chip friction coefficients obtained analytically. The FE model is further validated in terms of predicted forces and the chip morphology. The predicted cutting force, thrust force and resultant force by the FE model agree well with the experimentally measured forces. The errors in terms of the predicted average value of chip pitch and the distance between chip valley and chip peak are smaller. The FE model further predicts the cutting temperature and residual stresses during high speed dry cutting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The maximum tool temperatures exist along the round tool edge, and the residual stress profiles along the machined surface are hook-shaped regardless of machining conditions.
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Fatahi, Laleh, Shapour Moradi, and Pejman Razi. "The Application of Bees Algorithm in Finite Element Model Updating." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24191.

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This research work is aimed to investigate the application of bees algorithm (BA) to the finite element (FE) model updating. BA is an evolutionary optimization algorithm that imitates the natural foraging behavior of the honeybees to find the global optimum of an objective function. Here, the weighted squared sum of the error between the measured modal parameters and the FE model predictions is considered as the objective function. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, BA is applied on a piping system to update several physical parameters of its FE model. The results obtained from the numerical model are compared with the experimental ones obtained through the modal testing. The results show that BA successfully updates the FE model. Moreover, the performance of this approach is compared with two popular optimization methods; the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The comparison shows the advantage of BA over GA and its similarity to PSO in terms of accuracy in the presented case study. However, BA reaches to the optimum solution faster than PSO and GA. Therefore, it can be concluded that BA is a robust and accurate optimization method that could be a good candidate for the FE model updating.
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Eatock Taylor, R., G. X. Wu, W. Bai, and Z. Z. Hu. "Numerical Wave Tanks Based on Finite Element and Boundary Element Modelling." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67505.

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This work forms part of an investigation into the non-linear interaction between steep transient waves and flared structures, using a coupled finite element and boundary element model. The use of a coupled approach is based on consideration of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) methods when implemented separately (e.g. efficiency of computation versus complexity of adaptive mesh generation). An FE model can be used to advantage away from the body, where the domain is regular, and a BE discretisation near the body where the moving mesh is complex. The paper describes aspects of the FE and BE models which have been developed for this analysis, each based on the use of quadratic isoparametric elements implemented in a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation. Initially the two approaches have been developed side by side, in order to ensure the use of robust components in the coupled formulation. Results from these methods are obtained for a series of test cases, including the interaction of an impulse wave with a circular cylinder in a circular tank, and non-linear diffraction by a cylinder in a long tank.
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Chen, Kun-Nan, and Cheng-Tien Chang. "Response Surface Method for Updating Dynamic Finite Element Models." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58161.

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A finite element model of a structure can be updated as certain criteria based on experimental data are satisfied. The updated FE model is considered a better model for future studies in dynamic response prediction, structural modification, and damage identification. A finite element model updating technique incorporating the concept of response surface approximation (RSA) requires no sensitivity calculations and is much easier to implement with a general-purpose finite element code. The proposed updating method was incorporated with MSC. Nastran to solve the updating problem for an H-shaped frame structure. The updated results show that the predicted and experimental modes are correlated well with high MAC values and with a maximum frequency difference of 1.5%. Moreover, the updated parameters provide a physical insight to the modeling of bolted and welded joints of the H-frame structure.
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Reports on the topic "Finite element (FE) method"

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Ravazdezh, Faezeh, Julio A. Ramirez, and Ghadir Haikal. Improved Live Load Distribution Factors for Use in Load Rating of Older Slab and T-Beam Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317303.

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This report describes a methodology for demand estimate through the improvement of load distribution factors in reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges. The proposed distribution factors are supported on three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) analysis tools. The Conventional Load Rating (CLR) method currently in use by INDOT relies on a two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on beam theory. This approach may overestimate bridge demand as the result of neglecting the presence of parapets and sidewalks present in these bridges. The 3D behavior of a bridge and its response could be better modeled through a 3D computational model by including the participation of all elements. This research aims to investigate the potential effect of railings, parapets, sidewalks, and end-diaphragms on demand evaluation for purposes of rating reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges using 3D finite element analysis. The project goal is to improve the current lateral load distribution factor by addressing the limitations resulting from the 2D analysis and ignoring the contribution of non-structural components. Through a parametric study of the slab and T-beam bridges in Indiana, the impact of selected parameters on demand estimates was estimated, and modifications to the current load distribution factors in AASHTO were proposed.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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Babuska, Ivo, Uday Banerjee, and John E. Osborn. Superconvergence in the Generalized Finite Element Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440610.

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Coyle, J. M., and J. E. Flaherty. Adaptive Finite Element Method II: Error Estimation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288358.

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Babuska, I., and J. M. Melenk. The Partition of Unity Finite Element Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301760.

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Duarte, Carlos A. A Generalized Finite Element Method for Multiscale Simulations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada577139.

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Manzini, Gianmarco, and Vitaliy Gyrya. Final Report of the Project "From the finite element method to the virtual element method". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415356.

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Wang, Yao, Jeehee Lim, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Jeremy Hunter. Pile Stability Analysis in Soft or Loose Soils: Guidance on Foundation Design Assumptions with Respect to Loose or Soft Soil Effects on Pile Lateral Capacity and Stability. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317387.

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The design of laterally loaded piles is often done in practice using the p-y method with API p-y curves representing the behavior of soil at discretized points along the pile length. To account for pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups, AASHTO (2020) proposes the use of p-multipliers to modify the p-y curves. In this research, we explored, in depth, the design of lateral loaded piles and pile groups using both the Finite Element (FE) method and the p-y method to determine under what conditions pile stability problems were likely to occur. The analyses considered a wide range of design scenarios, including pile diameters ranging from 0.36 m (14.17 inches) to 1.0 m (39.37 inches), pile lengths ranging from 10 m (32.81 ft) to 20 m (65.62 ft), uniform and multilayered soil profiles containing weak soil layers of loose sand or normally consolidated (NC) clay, lateral load eccentricity ranging from 0 m to 10 m (32.81 ft), combined axial and lateral loads, three different pile group configurations (1×5, 2×5, and 3×5), pile spacings ranging from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, two different load directions (“strong” direction and “weak” direction), and two different pile cap types (free-standing and soil-supported pile caps). Based on the FEA results, we proposed new p-y curve equations for clay and sand. We also examined the behavior of the individual piles in the pile groups and found that the moment applied to the pile cap is partly transferred to the individual piles as moments, which is contrary to the assumption often made that moments are fully absorbed by axial loads on the group piles. This weakens the response of the piles to lateral loading because a smaller lateral pressure is required to produce a given deflection when moments are transferred to the head of the piles as moments. When the p-y method is used without consideration of the transferred moments, unconservative designs result. Based on the FEA results, we proposed both a new set of p-multipliers and a new method to use when moment distribution between piles is not known, using pile efficiency instead to calculate the total capacity of pile groups.
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Manzini, Gianmarco. The Mimetic Finite Element Method and the Virtual Element Method for elliptic problems with arbitrary regularity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046508.

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Babuska, I., B. Andersson, B. Guo, H. S. Oh, and J. M. Melenk. Finite Element Method for Solving Problems with Singular Solutions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301749.

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