Journal articles: 'Finewool'

1

Edwards, JEH, and PI Hynd. "Cellular characteristics of wool follicles and fibres in finewool and strongwool Merinos." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 2 (1992): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920355.

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The genetic differences in the structure and function of wool follicles and their association with wool and fibre production were examined in 6 finewool Merinos (Camden Park) and 6 strongwool Merinos (East Bungaree). The strongwool Merinos produced 2.4 times more wool per unit area of skin and 3.5 times the volume of fibre per follicle than the finewool Merinos, when both groups were maintained under similar environmental conditions. The finewool Merinos had a higher follicle density, but a lower average volume of germinative tissue in the follicle bulb and the skin, than the strongwool Merinos. The number and volume of cells in the bulb, bulb cell production rate, cortical cell size and the proportion of bulb cells entering the fibre tended to be greater in the strongwool Merinos than the finewool Merinos, but were not statistically different between strains due to a high between-sheep, within-strain variation. In a stepwise linear regression, wool production per unit area was best predicted by the volume of germinative tissue in the bulb, together with follicle density. It is concluded that genotype determines the volume of potential mitotically-active tissue in the skin, however the dynamic mechanism of fibre production is not controlled by a single character, but rather a combination of a number of characteristics.

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2

Li, Wenhui, and Ian W. Purvis. "Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep." Animal Production Science 52, no. 5 (2012): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11157.

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Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep that separately identify maternal effects has not been previously conducted. (Co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for lamb growth traits were estimated from Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep maintained at Gansu Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station in north-western China. Records of 17 703 lambs at birth, born over 9 years (2000–2008) and sired by 315 rams, were used in the study. Birth type, sex, dam age, record age and birth year were fitted as fixed effects. Analyses were carried out using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure (ASReml). Six different animal models were fitted for all traits and the most appropriate model was selected through log-likelihood ratio testing. After identifying the appropriate model through single-trait analysis, bivariate analyses were used to obtain the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the growth traits. In addition to the direct genetic effect, and maternal genetic effects, significant negative correlations between direct genetic and maternal genetic effects were found for all the growth traits. The maternal permanent environmental effects were only significant for birthweight, weaning weight and pre-weaning growth rate. The estimates of direct heritability for birthweight, weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain, post-weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were 0.22, 0.16, 0.15, 0.27 and 0.19 respectively. The maternal heritability estimates were relatively high and ranged from 0.17 to 0.27. The study provides the breed and its associated finewool sheep industry with a more encompassing basis for designing more effective breeding programs for improvement of growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep.

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3

Hocking, Edwards JE, and PI Hynd. "Cutaneous circulation is correlated with Merino wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 4 (1994): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9940757.

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Laser Doppler velocimetry was used to investigate the cutaneous circulation and its relationship to wool growth in Finewool and Strongwool Merinos. Skin blood flow measured with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was highly correlated with estimates of blood flow obtained using 57Co-labelled microspheres (R2 = 0.85; P < 0.01), although the absolute values estimated by the microsphere technique were significantly higher (P < 0.001). Strongwool Merinos had a greater rate of blood flowing through the skin than Finewool Merinos, and this was associated with both wool production per unit area of skin (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.01) and with the total volume of germinative tissue in the skin (R2 = 0.54; P < 0.04). The relationship between the microvascular anatomy of the skin and blood flow was also examined in four Finewool Merinos and four Strongwool Merinos. Silicone rubber was infused into the deep circumflex iliac artery within the abdominal flank, from which an index of the area of vascular tissue per unit volume of skin was estimated. This index was not related to blood flow, wool growth or follicle density within nor between strains of Merinos. Both the usefulness and limitations of the LDV are discussed, and it was concluded that (a) blood flow has an important role in the level of wool produced both within and between strains of Merinos, and (b) laser Doppler velocimetry is a useful tool for the study of blood flow in the skin of sheep.

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4

Näsholm, Anna, and Öje Danell. "Growth and Mature Weight of Swedish Finewool Landrace Ewes." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 40, no. 1 (January 1990): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015129009438549.

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5

Näsholm, Anna, and Öje Danell. "Growth and Mature Weight of Swedish Finewool Landrace Ewes." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 40, no. 1 (January 1990): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015129009438550.

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6

Meged’, S. S., A. N. Torkaev, S. V. Egorov, and S. I. Storozhuk. "Milk productivity of breeding sheep of the Altai finewool breed." Russian Agricultural Sciences 34, no. 1 (February 2008): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367408010199.

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7

Näsholm, A., and O. Danell. "Genetic relationships of lamb weight, maternal ability, and mature ewe weight in Swedish finewool sheep." Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 2 (1996): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1996.742329x.

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8

Li, Wenhui, Jian Guo, Fanwen Li, and Chune Niu. "Evaluation of Crossbreeding of Australian Superfine Merinos with Gansu Alpine Finewool Sheep to Improve Wool Characteristics." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2016): e0166374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166374.

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9

Gates, P. J., T. Henningsson, G. Tengroth, and M. Forsberg. "Effects of Melatonin, Progestagens, and the Ram on Out-of-Season Reproduction in Swedish Landrace Finewool Sheep." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 39, no. 4 (December 1998): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03547776.

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10

Hynd, P. I., A. Hughes, C. R. Earl, and N. M. Penno. "Seasonal changes in the morphology of wool follicles in Finewool and Strongwool Merino strains grazing at different stocking rates in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97001.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the impact of stocking rate and Merino strain on follicle morphology before and after the break of the season in the highly seasonal Mediterranean environment of southern Australia. Groups of Finewool and Strongwool Merino sheep were allocated to 9 stocking rates on mixed legume-grass pastures, and skin biopsy samples were taken at monthly intervals from February to June. A scoring system, based on the morphology of follicles in transverse section, was used to characterise these samples. The proportion of follicles classified as ‘normal’ dropped markedly, and the proportion of follicles which contained no fibre correspondingly increased, after the break of the season in April. On average about 10% of the follicles became inactive but there was considerable variability (range 2-63%) between animals. The proportion of inactive follicles was significantly affected by stocking rate but there was little difference between Merino strains. Maximum follicle inactivity coincided with the period of minimum fibre diameter and minimum liveweight in May, approximately 1 month after the break of the season. The proportion of inactive follicles accounted for 27% and 28% of the variance in staple strength of the Finewool and Strongwool strains, respectively. Minimum fibre diameter accounted for 63% and 61% of the variance in staple strength, and coecient of variation in fibre diameter accounted for 49% and 58% of the staple strength variance, respectively, in the 2 strains. Together, minimum fibre diameter and coecient of variation in fibre diameter accounted for almost 75% of the variance in staple strength in both strains. Addition of a term for the proportion of inactive follicles did not remove any additional variance in staple strength. These results suggest that the follicles of Merino sheep in Mediterranean environments undergo significant morphological changes throughout the year. These changes differ from the normal sequence of events associated with the hair cycle and appear to be associated with the break of the season in autumn. The morphological changes which occur in the follicles are similar to those induced by epidermal growth factor or cortisol, and may reflect a stress response. Our results suggest that nutritional stress is at least partially responsible for the follicular pathology described. Management strategies aimed at reducing the decrease in fibre diameter which occurs in autumn, shearing sheep in autumn to coincide with the minimum fibre diameter, and selection of sheep which have a low coecient of variation of fibre diameter, are likely to be the most effective means of preventing low staple strength in sheep grazing in Mediterranean environments. Nevertheless, the impact of follicle shutdown and changes in follicle morphology on wool characteristics other than staple strength needs to be determined.

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11

Davis, G. P., Z. F. You, D. W. Crowe, K. J. Whiteley, H. Z. Ma, S. Z. Song, and B. J. McGuirk. "Improvement of wool production and quality by the use of sheep rugs on Gansu Alpine Fine wool sheep in north-west China." Journal of Agricultural Science 123, no. 3 (December 1994): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600070386.

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SUMMARYFine wool in China is characterized by severe dust contamination and substantial tip weathering. In an attempt to improve wool quality, synthetic rugs were fitted to ewes and a range of raw wool characteristics was monitored. Two trials were carried out in successive years: a pilot trial (June 1985 to June 1986) involving 100 ewes wearing rugs and 75 controls, and a main trial (June 1986 to June 1987) involving 250 ewes with rugs and 250 controls. The rugs were fitted to ewes after shearing and remained on until shearing the following year. Wool from ewes with rugs was significantly better in almost all the characteristics measured (P <0·05) than wool from sheep without rugs. Clean fleece weight was improved by 15% over the two trials, yield and wax content were increased, and dust content and dust penetration were substantially reduced. Staple length and strength were increased, and dust content and dust penetration were substantially reduced in the main trial. Several style characteristics were measured using a prototype image analysis system and these also showed wool from sheep wearing rugs as being of better quality than wool from sheep in the control group. The only negative result was an increase in yellowness, in the greasy state only, due to the higher wax content in the sheep wearing rugs and the yellow nature of the wax of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep – probably due to their genetic background. Wool from sheep wearing rugs would be expected to perform better in processing than wool from unrugged sheep.

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12

Murphy, Tom, Whit C. Stewart, Dave Notter, Ryan Knuth, Trestin Feagler, and Bret Taylor. "278 Fleece and fiber characteristics of Rambouillet, Targhee, and their reciprocal-crosses at first shearing." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.380.

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Abstract Objectives were to evaluate breed, heterosis (HI), and maternal effects on wool production in Rambouillet (R x R), Targhee (T x T), and reciprocal-cross (R x T and T x R) 1-yr-old ewes. Greasy fleece weights (GFW) were obtained at shearing and mid-side, britch, and whole-fleece core wool samples were collected to quantify average (A-FD) and CV of fiber diameter (CV-FD). Laboratory scoured yield (LSY) was quantified on core samples and used to estimate clean fleece weight (CFW). Single-born ewes had greater GFW (3.48 kg), greater CFW (2.11 kg), and lower mid-side CV-FD (17.5%) than multiple-born ewes (3.18 kg, 1.95 kg, and 18.1%, respectively; P < 0.01). Rambouillet-sired ewes had greater LSY than T-sired ewes (60.6 vs. 60.0%; P < 0.01), but no breed effects were detected for GFW or CFW. A sire breed x dam breed interaction effect was detected for A-FD at all locations (P ≤ 0.05). Reciprocal-cross performance indicated unfavorable HI for A-FD within mid-side (+0.34 μm), britch (+0.97 μm), and core samples (+0.42 μm; P ≤ 0.05) compared to purebred average. Greater mid-side and britch A-FD in R x T (22.8 and 25.2 μm) than T x R ewes (21.2 and 23.5 μm; P < 0.01) implied a more favorable additive maternal effect for crossbred ewes gestated and reared by R compared to T dams. Future analyses will consider lifetime lamb and wool production of these breed types to evaluate the utility of finewool crossbred ewes in extensive production systems.

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13

Storozhuk, S. I., V. L. Petukhov, V. A. Andreeva, E. A. Klimanova, T. V. Konovalova, and E. I. Tarasenko. "Genetic evaluation of producers of Kulunda ﬁne-wool sheep breed by the quality of progeny." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-156-166.

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The authors have studied the genetic value of producers of the aboriginal Kulunda finewool sheep breed based on various analysis methods of the productivity of their progeny. The data on 574 offspring (daughters) received from 16 rams-producers of the “Steptoe” breeding farm of Altai Krai were used in the research. The genotypes of ram progeny were evaluated by the productivity of the rams at one year of age. In assessing the fathers, the number of effective daughters needed to confirm a sufficient number of offspring was calculated. Water, soil, and feed were tested for heavy metals content in the sheep breeding area, which did not exceed the MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentration). The breeding indices of the progeny ranged from 114 to 1562. The live weight of the rams was 120 kg. The live weight of the daughters was 50.0 kg. The sheep (daughters) had a wool gain of 5.7 kilograms per ewe. The authors established a high homogeneity of the genotypes of rams producers in terms of the live weight of daughters. The genetic variability of the fathers was 3.2%. According to productivity indices, the rams-producers (#4452, 26133, 3611, 0125 and 44244) occupied the first five ranks. The effect of the genotypes of ram producers on the daughters’ live weight and wool hair gain was established. The ranking data showed the advantage of daughters in several traits obtained from prepotent producers. The authors suggest that ram sires no. 3611, 0125, 26133 and 44244 should be used extensively to improve breeding efficiency. The authors also applied the Hozo method in the absence of normal distribution of traits. In other cases, data processing by methods of variation statistics was used.

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14

Moody, Jordan N., Whitney Whitsel, W. S. Ramsey, and Reid Redden. "87 Probiotic Supplementation Improves Lamb Performance When Transitioning to High Concentrate Diets." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.077.

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Abstract Lamb ruminal function is integral to their health and performance. To enhance growth post-weaning, lambs are often fed a high concentrate diet. While this strategy is common, issues can arise with ruminal acidosis from excess grain consumption, including reduced weight gain and mortality. We hypothesized that administering probiotics orally prior to the transition to concentrate feeds would improve lamb performance. To assess this, finewool lambs (n = 103; males: n = 47, females: n = 56) were weaned from their dams at approximately 100 days of age at an average body weight (BW) of 25.8 ±0.2 kg and placed in a feedlot. Lambs were randomly assigned to treatments, balanced by sex, of 0g, 5g, or 10g of an orally administered probiotic paste (ProBios, Menomonie, WI) containing live lactate producing bacteria. Treatments were administered upon arrival at the feedlot. Lambs were limit fed for 9 days and gradually transitioned to ad libitum access to a high concentrate ration. At 6 weekly intervals, BW, average daily gain (ADG) and blood plasma were collected. Mixed model analysis, with initial weight as a covariate, revealed that lambs receiving 10g of supplement were significantly heavier (P = 0.01) than 5g and 0g treated lambs (30.3±0.2 kg versus 29.9±0.2 kg and 29.6±0.2 kg). ADG was analyzed with fixed effects of treatment and sex. Analysis revealed that ADG tended to be greater for lambs receiving 10g treatment than those receiving 5g or 0g (P = 0.07). Four incidences of mortality were recorded; however there were no significant treatment or sex effects on lamb mortality. These data suggest that probiotic supplementation may be an effective strategy to decrease detrimental effects of diet transition on feeder lambs and may increase lamb performance while transitioning to a high concentrate diet.

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15

Lee, GJ, and AJ Williams. "Nutritional responses in wool growth by four Merino genotypes of differing wool growth performance." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 6 (1994): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941171.

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Sheep from four Merino flocks, different in annual clean fleece production when grazed together, were offered a range of nutritional treatments to compare their ability to digest dietary organic matter (experiment 1) and to compare the relationships of wool growth and fibre diameter with nutrient intake (experiment 2). The sheep were selected from a finewool (Fl), a strong wool (S), and two medium-Peppin (MP6 and MP10) flocks. The nutritional treatments varied intakes of two pelleted diets-B and F. Diet B consisted of oat grain, lucerne chaff, and oaten straw, while diet F was as for B but fortified with fishmeal. The digestibility of both diets was negatively related to the level of intake, and there were some differences between the flocks in their ability to digest organic matter. Clean wool growth per unit area of skin was curvilinearly related (P < 0.001) to N intake, but was not influenced by diet per se. The regression coefficient for the relationship of clean wool growth with N intake and the estimated maximum wool growth rate of flock F1 were less than the other flocks. However, flock MP10 grew less wool than flocks S and MP6 at any given intake. Variation in (fibre diameter)2 accounted for 0.6 of the variation in wool growth, with responses in fibre diameter to intake being similar to those observed in wool growth. The responses in plasma cystine of the flocks to N intake differed, with the relationship for flock F1 being curvilinear and reaching a maximum at an intake of 27 g N day-1, while the responses of the other flocks were essentially linear. The relationships between plasma cystine level and wool growth differed between the flocks such that wool growth of sheep from flocks S and MP6 was more responsive to increased plasma concentration of cystine.

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16

Eady, SJ, RR Woolaston, SI Mortimer, RP Lewer, HW Raadsma, AA Swan, and RW Ponzoni. "Resistance to nematode parasites in Merino sheep: sources of genetic variation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 6 (1996): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960895.

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Merino sheep representing a range of bloodlines in resource flocks located across Australia were tested for resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. These flocks included the JB Pye Flock (Camden, NSW), Katanning Base Flock (Katanning, WA), Turretfield Merino Resource Flock (Rosedale, SA), CSIRO Finewool Flock (Armidale, NSW), and the Trangie D Flock (Trangie, NSW). Faecal egg count (FEC) was used to measure relative resistance of sheep to nematode parasites after either natural or artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Differences in FEC 0' 33 between strains and between and within bloodlines were examined and the heritability of this trait was estimated. A low proportion of the total variation in parasite resistance could be attributed to strain and bloodline effects (1 and 3.5%, respectively) after either natural or artificial infection. The major source of genetic variation was found within bloodlines (22.2% of total variation), with individual sires showing a wide range in parasite resistance. Paternal half-sib heritability estimates for FEC 0' 33 were significant (P < 0.05) in 9 of the 11 analyses and ranged from 0.07 to 0.42, with a weighted average of 0.22. The influence of the environmental effects of sex, age of dam, birth-rearing rank, and day of birth were also investigated, and were found to be only occasionally significant, accounting for a small proportion (0.3-2.2%) of variation. Management group effects both prior to and at the time of measurement were often significant, and accounted for 2.2-19.4% of variation in FEC. Correction of FEC for effects other than management group would seem to add little to precision of selection. These results have demonstrated that significant genetic variation for nematode parasite resistance exists within a wide range of Merino bloodlines, and within-flock selection of resistant sires appears to be an effective method of improving this trait in Merino sheep.

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17

Eady, S. J., R. R. Woolaston, R. W. Ponzoni, R. P. Lewer, H. W. Raadsma, and A. A. Swan. "Resistance to nematode parasites in Merino sheep: correlation with production traits." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 8 (1998): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98069.

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Merino sheep representing a range of bloodlines in resource flocks located across Australia were tested for resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes. These flocks included the JB Pye Flock (Camden, NSW), Katanning Base Flock (Katanning, WA), Turretfield Merino Resource Flock (Rosedale, SA), and the CSIRO Finewool Flock (Armidale, NSW) and included a total of 328 sire groups. Resistance to nematodes was measured by faecal egg count (FEC). Data were also available for greasy and clean fleece weight (GFW and CFW, respectively), fibre diameter (FD), and body weight (BW) at a range of ages from weaning to 21 months. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, fitting an animal model and estimating covariances in a series of bivariate analyses. Phenotypic correlations between FEC0·33 and production traits were all close to zero ( –0·09–0·02). Genetic correlations between FEC0·33 and production traits were –0·20, –0·18, and –0·26 for weaning weight, 10-month BW, and 16-month BW, respectively; 0·21, –0·06, and 0·21 for 10-month GFW, 16-month GFW, and 21-month GFW; 0·21, –0·05, and 0·07 for 10-month CFW, 16-month CFW, and 21-month CFW; and –0·09, –0·12, and 0·04 for 10-month FD, 16-month FD, and 21-month FD. When estimates were pooled for all fleece traits and all BW traits, the genetic correlations between FEC0·33 and GFW, CFW, FD, and BW were 0·15, 0·10, –0·06, and –0·21, respectively. Using pooled estimates for CFW, FD, and BW, selection for a breeding objective based on production traits alone would lead to an unfavourable correlated response in FEC0·33 of approximately 1% per year.

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18

Hynd, PI. "Effects of nutrition on wool follicle cell kinetics in sheep differing in efficiency of wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890409.

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Wide phenotypic variation in fibre output per follicle was generated by selecting sheep (five South Australian strongwool Merinos, one finewool Merino and one Corriedale) on this basis, and by offering these sheep a low-protein diet for 9 weeks, followed by a high-protein diet for a further 8 weeks. Clean wool production was measured over the final 3 weeks of each period, while fibre diameter, the rate of length growth of fibres and a number of follicle characters were measured over the last 7 days of each period. The rate of division of follicle bulb cells and the total volume of the germinative region of the follicle was estimated by image-analysis of bulb sections in skin biopsy samples.With the change from the low-protein diet to the high-protein diet, the rate of clean fleece production was increased by 33% (P<0.002), reflecting an increase in fibre diameter (8%) and rate of length growth of fibres (26%); the volume of the germinative region of the average bulb increased 30% (P<0.012) and the rate of bulb cell division by 35% (P<0.004); cortical cell volume also did not change (923 8m3 v. 965 8m3; the average proportion of fibre cross-sectional area occupied by paracortical cells increased from 0.2 1 to 0.35 ( P < 0.01 0); the proportion of dividing cells entering the fibre cortex ranged from 0.25 to 0.42 (mean, 0.31) between sheep on the low-protein diet, and from 0.22 to 0.39 (mean, 0.32) when the animals were fed the high-protein ration; the effect of diet on cell distribution to fibre and inner root sheath was not significant (P<0.601).Phenotypic differences in fibre output were primarily related to differences in the rate of bulb cell division (r= 0.896, P < 0.001), but inclusion of a term for the proportion of bulb cells entering the fibre cortex, removed an additional, significant proportion of the variance. Cortical cell volume, on the other hand, was poorly related to fibre output.

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19

Herman, Yuri, Anzhelika Herman, and Evgenij Sadykov. "ESTIMATION OF THE PRODUCING SHEEP OF SEMI-FINEWOOLED BREEDS ACCORDING TO SET OF BREEDING TRAITS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 121 (2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2019-121-86-95.

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20

Huang, Jinqiang, and Yongjuan Li. "Rumen methanogen and protozoal communities of Tibetan sheep and Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep grazing on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China." BMC Microbiology 18, no. 1 (December 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1351-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Finewool'

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